A modular automotive emergency power supply

Abstract

The present application relates to a combinable modular automotive emergency power supply, and relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicle-mounted power supplies. A combinable modular automotive emergency power supply includes a standardized power supply module, a modular connection mechanism, and an intelligent management system; each group of the standardized power supply modules is an independent unit, with a built-in lithium-ion battery, a uniform size, and a standard interface. Magnetic contacts are provided on both sides of the standard interface, and a snap-on physical lock is provided on one side of the magnetic contact. The main control chip is integrated to monitor the module power, temperature, and output status in real time, dynamically adjust the output voltage and dynamic load balancing, so that the standardized power supply modules can be combined into a power supply group, and provide multiple protection mechanisms, dynamically adjust the output through the PID algorithm, combine the triple protection mechanism to ensure safety, cooperate with the temperature-controlled fan to achieve high-temperature stable operation, and ensure reliable connection through double verification of magnetic contacts and Hall sensors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicle-mounted power supplies, and in particular to a combinable modular vehicle emergency power supply. Background Art

[0002] The development of automotive emergency power supply technology has become a highly anticipated research topic within the automotive industry. With the rapid advancement of science and technology and the significant improvement in people's quality of life, cars have become an indispensable means of transportation in daily life. However, during daily vehicle use, cars may encounter unexpected situations, such as battery depletion and circuit system failures. In these situations, the importance of emergency power supplies becomes particularly prominent.

[0003] Current automotive emergency power supply technology mainly relies on a single fixed design, which has the following limitations: traditional emergency power supplies mostly have a single voltage output and cannot be flexibly adapted to different vehicle models; users need to purchase multiple power supplies to meet different needs, which is costly and takes up a lot of space; most products are not equipped with real-time monitoring functions, and there are safety hazards such as overcharging and over-discharging; at the same time, they are large in size and heavy in weight, which is not conducive to on-board storage or emergency carrying.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a modular automotive emergency power supply that can be combined to solve the technical problems of inconvenient disassembly, loose connection, and unstable series output voltage in the prior art.

[0006] This application provides a modular automotive emergency power supply that adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A modular automotive emergency power supply that can be combined, including a standardized power module, a modular connection mechanism, and an intelligent management system;

[0008] Standardized power modules: Each group of the standardized power modules is an independent unit with built-in lithium-ion batteries, uniform size and standard interface configuration;

[0009] Modular connection mechanism: including magnetic contacts and snap-on physical locks, one side of the magnetic contacts is provided with a snap-on physical lock, and both sides of the standard interface are provided with magnetic contacts, so that each group of the standardized power modules can be connected in series and in parallel through the magnetic contacts and snap-on physical locks;

[0010] Intelligent management system: integrated main control chip, real-time monitoring of module power, temperature and output status, dynamic adjustment of output voltage and dynamic load balancing, so that the standardized power modules can be combined into a power supply group, and provide multiple protection mechanisms.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, this modular automotive emergency power supply achieves high flexibility and safety through the collaborative design of standardized power modules, modular connection mechanisms, an intelligent management system, and multiple protection modules. The standardized power modules feature built-in lithium-ion batteries, uniform dimensions, and standard interfaces, allowing each module to operate independently or in combination. Users can freely combine them to meet the voltage and current requirements of different vehicles. The modular connection mechanism utilizes magnetic contacts and a snap-on physical lock. The magnetic contacts are equipped with a snap-on physical lock on one side, and magnetic contacts are located on both sides of the standard interface. This allows modules to be connected in series or in parallel, ensuring a secure connection and enhancing reliability and safety. The intelligent management system integrates a main control chip, monitors module power, temperature, and output status in real time, dynamically adjusts output voltage, and dynamically balances loads. This allows the standardized power modules to be combined into power packs and provides multiple protection mechanisms to prevent safety incidents during use. The multi-protection module offers multiple protections for overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short circuit. It controls the switch array via pre-set signal thresholds, monitoring output voltage and current in real time. When the output voltage and current exceed the threshold, it is identified as a short circuit and triggers the switch array to cut and open the circuit, ensuring safe operation. This design not only enhances the flexibility and portability of the emergency power supply, but also ensures safety and reliability during use through intelligent management and multiple protection mechanisms, meeting the power needs of different vehicles in emergency situations.

[0012] Preferably, a silicone shock-absorbing pad is provided inside the standardized power supply module, a heat dissipation shell is provided on one side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad, the inner wall of the heat dissipation shell is integrated with heat dissipation fins, the heat dissipation fins are provided in several groups, and each group of the heat dissipation fins is evenly arranged along the vertical direction of the heat dissipation shell, a temperature sensor is provided on the other side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad, a heat dissipation fan is provided on one side of the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor monitors the internal temperature of the standardized power supply module in real time, and when the internal temperature of the standardized power supply module is greater than 50 degrees, the heat dissipation is assisted by starting the heat dissipation fan.

[0013] By adopting the above solution, this modular automotive emergency power supply is equipped with a silicone shock-absorbing pad and a heat sink housing within the standardized power module. The heat sink housing is located on one side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad, and the inner wall of the heat sink housing is integrated with cooling fins. The fins are arranged in groups and evenly spaced vertically along the heat sink housing. This design effectively improves the module's heat dissipation performance and shock resistance. The silicone shock-absorbing pad absorbs vibration and impact generated during driving, protecting the internal battery and circuitry from damage and extending the module's service life. The heat sink fins on the inner wall of the heat sink housing increase the heat dissipation area, improving heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring stable operation in high-temperature environments. Furthermore, a temperature sensor is located on the other side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad, and a cooling fan is located on one side of the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor monitors the internal temperature of the standardized power module in real time. When the internal temperature of the module exceeds 50 degrees Celsius, the cooling fan is activated to assist in heat dissipation, further enhancing heat dissipation and preventing performance degradation or safety hazards caused by overheating. This collaborative design of heat dissipation and shock absorption not only improves the durability and reliability of the module, but also ensures that the module can stably output power under various working conditions, meeting the needs of automotive emergency power supply in complex environments.

[0014] Preferably, in the modular connection mechanism, two groups of magnetic contacts are provided, the positive and negative poles of the two groups of magnetic contacts are opposite, and the two groups of magnetic contacts are symmetrically distributed along the heat dissipation shell, and a snap-type physical lock is provided on one side of the heat dissipation shell. After the snap-type physical lock is locked, the magnetic contacts of each group of the standardized power modules are combined, and the standardized power modules are connected in series through the magnetic contacts, and the series voltage is one of 12V or 24V.

[0015] By adopting the above solution, the modular automotive emergency power supply has two sets of magnetic contacts in the modular connection mechanism, and the positive and negative poles of the two sets of magnetic contacts are opposite and symmetrically distributed along the heat dissipation housing. This design makes the connection between the modules more stable and easy to operate. A snap-on physical lock is provided on one side of the magnetic contact, and a snap-on physical lock is also provided on one side of the heat dissipation housing. When the snap-on physical lock is locked, the magnetic contacts of each set of standardized power modules are combined with each other, and the magnetic contacts are used to achieve series connection between the modules, ensuring that the connection is firm and not loose, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the connection. At the same time, the reverse positive and negative pole design of the magnetic contacts enables the modules to automatically match the voltage polarity when connected in series, avoiding connection problems caused by polarity errors and simplifying the user's operation process. Through this design, users can combine multiple modules into a 12V or 24V emergency power supply according to their needs to adapt to the voltage requirements of different vehicles, such as 24V for large trucks and 12V for ordinary cars, meeting a variety of usage scenarios. Furthermore, the combination of magnetic contacts and a snap-on physical lock not only enhances module connection convenience but also ensures connection stability in high-vibration environments, enhancing the applicability and reliability of the emergency power supply in complex operating conditions. This design simplifies connection methods and improves connection stability, providing users with a more flexible, safe, and efficient power solution.

[0016] Preferably, a Hall sensor is provided on one side of the magnetic contact, and one side of the Hall sensor is connected to the standard interface. The standard interface is a universal interface. The Hall sensors of the two groups of standardized power modules connected in series will only be started when the snap-type physical lock is locked and the magnetic contacts are adsorbed to each other, so that the standardized power modules are powered on in series.

[0017] By adopting the above solution, the Hall sensor, magnetic contacts and snap-on physical lock form a double interlocking mechanism. After pre-positioning is achieved through the polar adsorption of the magnetic contacts, the snap-on lock completes the mechanical locking. At this time, the Hall sensor will trigger the conduction signal only when it detects that the magnetic field strength meets the standard. This design ensures the absolute reliability of the electrical connection between modules through dual verification of physical connection and electronic detection. It not only avoids the poor contact problem caused by vibration of traditional plug-in interfaces, but also prevents the arc risk caused by misoperation through the electrical interlocking mechanism. At the same time, the universal design of the standard interface makes the module combination not restricted by direction, which significantly improves the safety and assembly efficiency of the emergency power supply under complex working conditions. Its innovation is reflected in the integration of the triple protection mechanisms of mechanical locking, magnetic positioning and electronic verification into a single connection mechanism, realizing the dual technical breakthroughs of "plug and play" and "safe and reliable" of the modular power supply system.

[0018] Preferably, the architecture of the intelligent management system includes the following units:

[0019] Data acquisition unit: monitors the remaining power, internal temperature, and output voltage and current of the standardized power module in real time, and performs filtering on the data;

[0020] Core control unit: Calculates the remaining power through the integration circuit, the calculation formula is:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, Indicates the remaining power at time t; Indicates the initial charge; Indicates the nominal capacity of the battery; Indicates the real-time current value; Represents the integral variable, which calculates the real-time remaining capacity of the battery by integrating the current value;

[0023] After obtaining the target voltage through the vehicle OBD interface, the voltage is dynamically adjusted through the feedback control algorithm. The specific calculation formula of the feedback control algorithm is as follows:

[0024] ;

[0025] ;

[0026] in, Indicates the regulated output voltage; Indicates the error value; Indicates the target voltage; Indicates the current actual output voltage; Indicates proportion; represents the integral; represents the differential coefficient, which stabilizes the output voltage through the feedback control algorithm;

[0027] Protection logic unit: controls the switch array through the set signal threshold, the range of the signal threshold is:

[0028] Overcharge protection: or ;

[0029] Overcurrent protection: ;

[0030] Short circuit protection: ;

[0031] in, Indicates the output voltage; Indicates the resettable fuse action threshold; represents a response time, wherein the protection logic unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through the signal threshold, and when the output voltage and current exceed the signal threshold, it is evaluated as a short circuit and triggers the switch array to cut off and turn on the circuit;

[0032] Dynamic load balancing unit: collects the remaining power, temperature and health status of each group of standardized power modules in real time, dynamically calculates the weight coefficient of each module based on the status data of each group of standardized power modules, and then distributes the output current proportionally;

[0033] Wireless communication unit: uses the MQTT protocol to upload status data to the vehicle computer and transmits user instructions to the core control unit.

[0034] By adopting the above solution, the intelligent management system effectively eliminates sensor noise interference through multi-dimensional real-time monitoring of the data acquisition unit combined with the Kalman filtering algorithm, thereby improving the power estimation accuracy to ±1.5%; the core control unit adopts an improved PID control algorithm to shorten the voltage regulation response time to less than 50ms, ensuring that there is no transient impact in the 12V / 24V voltage switching process; the protection logic module innovatively adopts a multi-threshold collaborative control strategy, through the dual protection of hardware comparator and software judgment, so that the overcurrent protection response time reaches 10ms, which is 5 times safer than the traditional solution; the dynamic load balancing module introduces a temperature compensation coefficient and a battery health factor to control the current distribution deviation between modules within 3%, significantly extending the overall life of the battery pack; the wireless communication unit adopts the MQTT protocol to be deeply integrated with the vehicle system to achieve millisecond-level status synchronization and remote firmware upgrade functions, while using AES-256 encryption to ensure data transmission security. The system's multi-level collaborative control architecture breaks through the single protection mode of traditional emergency power supplies. Through collaborative optimization of software and hardware, it realizes the three core functions of intelligent diagnosis, adaptive adjustment and remote operation and maintenance, which increases the reliability and service life of the modular power supply system under complex working conditions by 40% and 60% respectively.

[0035] Preferably, the core control unit dynamically adjusts the maximum output current of the standardized power module, and the algorithm for the dynamic adjustment is:

[0036] ;

[0037] Among them, ɑ represents the temperature coefficient; Indicates rated current; T indicates real-time temperature; Indicates the maximum output current allowed at temperature T. When the output is cut off, the core control unit can forcibly cut off the output.

[0038] By adopting the above solution and introducing a temperature-adaptive dynamic current regulation algorithm, an innovative linear constraint relationship between the output current and the real-time temperature is constructed. The algorithm uses 25°C as the reference temperature point and uses the temperature coefficient α (based on the experimental data of the thermal attenuation characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, the value is 0.005 / °C) to dynamically reduce the rated current. When the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature T of the module deviates from the reference value, the system adjusts the rated current according to the formula Automatically adjust the maximum allowable output current. This nonlinear temperature compensation mechanism effectively solves the battery degradation problems of traditional emergency power supplies such as electrolyte decomposition and SEI film damage caused by overcurrent under high temperature conditions. At the same time, by setting a forced cut-off threshold of 80°C, a multi-level thermal protection system is formed with the temperature sensor and cooling fan of the heat dissipation system. Actual measured data show that this design can increase the battery cycle life by more than 40% and maintain output stability in the ambient temperature range of -20°C to 60°C. Compared with the fixed current threshold protection method in the existing technology, this solution realizes dynamic optimization of protection parameters by establishing a temperature-current mathematical model, which not only avoids capacity waste in low temperature environments, but also eliminates the risk of thermal runaway under high temperature conditions.

[0039] Preferably, the weight coefficient of the dynamic load balancing unit is calculated as follows:

[0040] ;

[0041] in, represents the weight of the i-th standardized power module; Indicates the remaining power; Indicates the temperature of the standardized power module; Indicates the maximum allowable temperature; n represents the total number of combinations of the standardized power modules, and the output current is allocated to each group of the standardized power modules through the calculated weight, so that the switches of the standardized power modules are controlled by the core control unit for real-time adjustment.

[0042] By adopting the above scheme, the weight coefficient calculation method of the dynamic load balancing unit introduces the product of the temperature compensation factor and the remaining power SOC_i as the numerator, and adopts a normalized denominator structure to achieve intelligent current distribution under multi-dimensional state perception. This design quantifies the temperature impact as a linear attenuation coefficient (the closer the temperature is to the threshold, the lower the weight), and dynamically adjusts it in combination with the SOC ratio, so that high-power and low-temperature modules take on more loads first. It not only effectively avoids the risk of thermal runaway caused by overload of a single module, but also extends the service life of low-health modules through differentiated discharge strategies. Experimental verification shows that the algorithm can control the temperature difference of the parallel module group within ±3°C, while maintaining the SOC difference of each module within the 5% threshold range. Compared with the traditional current sharing scheme, the overall cycle life is significantly improved.

[0043] Preferably, the intelligent control system connects the standardized power modules in series and in parallel through a multi-module collaborative control algorithm, and the multi-module collaborative algorithm is as follows:

[0044] ;

[0045] in, Indicates series mode voltage distribution; Indicates the output voltage of a single module;

[0046] ;

[0047] in, Indicates the current distribution in parallel mode; Represents the output current of a single module. The total voltage and total current after series and parallel connection are calculated using the above formula.

[0048] By adopting the above-mentioned solution, this multi-module coordinated control algorithm establishes a voltage superposition model for series mode and a current superposition model for parallel mode. Combined with real-time monitoring data from the intelligent management system, this algorithm dynamically identifies the module combination status and precisely regulates output parameters. Its innovation lies in its use of a distributed power supply topology. The main control chip collects real-time SOC, temperature, and health status data from each module. Based on the voltage / current superposition model, it automatically calculates the theoretical output value and compares it with the actual output. When performance degradation of a single module is detected, the algorithm automatically adjusts the output weighting of adjacent modules to ensure the stability of the total output power. This design enables the system to maintain ±0.5V accuracy when switching between 12V and 24V voltage modes. Dynamic load balancing also keeps the temperature difference between modules within 5°C. This not only avoids the local overload issues common with traditional fixed combinations, but also increases the overall cycle life of the battery pack by over 30%. Specifically, during a cold start of a 24V system in a large truck, the algorithm prioritizes the cooler modules to create a transient high-current path, ensuring a peak starting current of over 800A even in -20°C conditions.

[0049] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0050] 1. Each power module is an independent unit with standardized interfaces and dimensions. Users can freely combine them according to their needs to flexibly meet different voltage and current requirements.

[0051] 2. Through series combination, users can combine multiple modules into a 12V or 24V emergency power supply to adapt to the voltage requirements of different cars. At the same time, through parallel combination, it can provide enough current to start the car engine to meet high current requirements;

[0052] 3. Equipped with an intelligent management system that can monitor the power supply module's power, temperature, and output status in real time, dynamically adjust the output voltage and load balancing to ensure safe use. It also implements multiple protection mechanisms through the main control chip module, protection module, and communication module, including overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short circuit, and other protection functions.

[0053] 4. Equipped with multiple protection mechanisms such as overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short circuit to ensure that no safety accidents occur during use, thus improving the safety and reliability of the product;

[0054] 5. The standardized power module is equipped with a silicone shock-absorbing pad and a heat dissipation shell. The inner wall of the heat dissipation shell is integrated with heat dissipation fins to ensure that the module can still work stably in a high-temperature environment. The temperature sensor monitors the internal temperature of the module in real time. When the temperature exceeds 50 degrees, the cooling fan is started to assist in heat dissipation, effectively preventing overheating.

[0055] 6. The dynamic load balancing module collects the remaining power, temperature, and health status of each power module in real time. Based on this data, it dynamically calculates the weight coefficient of each module and proportionally distributes the output current to ensure balanced use of each module and extend the overall service life;

[0056] 7. The combined design of magnetic contacts and Hall sensors ensures that the module is securely connected and does not loosen. Power is only turned on after the snap-on physical lock is locked and the magnetic contacts are attracted to each other, improving the reliability and security of the connection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a modular automobile emergency power supply of the present application;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of a modular automotive emergency power supply of the present application;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a modular automotive emergency power supply that can be combined in this application;

[0060] Figure 4 This is an architecture diagram of a modular intelligent management system for automotive emergency power supply in this application;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of an intelligent management system for a modular automobile emergency power supply in this application.

[0062] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Standardized power module; 2. Standard interface; 3. Modular connection mechanism; 4. Magnetic contact; 5. Snap-on physical lock; 6. Silicone shock-absorbing pad; 7. Heat dissipation housing; 8. Heat dissipation fins; 9. Temperature sensor; 10. Cooling fan; 11. Hall sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following is combined with Figure 1 - Attachment Figure 5 , further details of this application are given.

[0064] The embodiments of the present application disclose a modular automotive emergency power supply.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 , a combinable modular automotive emergency power supply, including a standardized power module, a modular connection mechanism and an intelligent management system;

[0066] Standardized power modules 1: Each set of standardized power modules is an independent unit with built-in lithium-ion batteries, uniform size and standard interface configuration 2;

[0067] Modular connection mechanism 3: includes a magnetic contact 4 and a snap-on physical lock 5. A snap-on physical lock 5 is provided on one side of the magnetic contact 4, and magnetic contacts 4 are provided on both sides of the standard interface 2, so that each group of standardized power modules 1 can be connected in series and in parallel through the magnetic contact 4 and the snap-on physical lock 5;

[0068] Intelligent management system: integrated main control chip, real-time monitoring of module power, temperature and output status, dynamic adjustment of output voltage and dynamic load balancing, so that standardized power modules 1 can be combined into power groups, and provide multiple protection mechanisms.

[0069] Specifically, the modular design of the standardized power module 1 enables flexible expansion. Each independent unit uses 18650 lithium-ion battery cells to form a 3S2P battery pack. The rated capacity of the single standardized power module 1 is 12000mAh / 12.6V. The heat dissipation housing 7 is injection-molded with flame-retardant PC+ABS composite materials. The length, width, and height dimensions of the hexahedral structure are strictly controlled to 120×80×30mm and a tolerance band of ±0.5mm is set. The standardized power module 1 achieves automatic polarity matching through the magnetic contacts 4 on both sides of the standard interface 2. N52 neodymium iron boron magnets are embedded in the contact base to form a magnetic guide. The PA66 material snap-on physical lock 5 emits a "click" mechanical locking sound when the connection is in place. The double locking mechanism enables the standardized power module 1 to withstand 15G vibration acceleration without loosening after assembly.

[0070] The intelligent management system is equipped with an STM32F407 main control chip, which collects voltage, temperature, and health status data of each module in real time through the I2C bus. It uses a dynamic voltage regulation algorithm to stabilize the output voltage of the combined power supply within ±2% of the target value. When it detects that the power difference between one standardized power module exceeds 15%, it automatically activates load balancing mode. The discharge weight of the high-power module is increased to 1.2 times through the MOSFET switch array. The system also integrates a quadruple protection mechanism for overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and short circuit. The self-resetting fuse uses a polymer positive temperature coefficient material and can cut off the circuit within 0.1 second under the impact of a 1000A surge current. The real-time status is pushed to the vehicle's central control screen via the MQTT protocol.

[0071] This design achieves on-demand expansion of emergency power supply capacity through a modular architecture. The magnetic + snap-on dual-mode connection ensures reliable contact under bumpy vehicle conditions. The intelligent management system enables safe mixing of standardized power modules 1 from different batches, which increases energy density by 30% and reduces maintenance costs by 40% compared to traditional integrated emergency power supplies.

[0072] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A silicone shock-absorbing pad 6 is provided inside the standardized power module 1, and a heat dissipation shell 7 is provided on one side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad 6. The inner wall of the heat dissipation shell 7 is integrated with heat dissipation fins 8. There are several groups of heat dissipation fins 8, and each group of heat dissipation fins 8 is evenly arranged along the vertical direction of the heat dissipation shell 7. A temperature sensor 9 is provided on the other side of the silicone shock-absorbing pad 6, and a heat dissipation fan 10 is provided on one side of the temperature sensor 9. The temperature sensor 9 monitors the internal temperature of the standardized power module 1 in real time. When the internal temperature of the standardized power module 1 is greater than 50 degrees, the heat dissipation fan 10 is started to assist.

[0073] Specifically, the standardized power module 1 adopts a layered protection structure design, in which the silicone shock-absorbing pad 6 is filled between the battery pack and the heat dissipation shell 7 in a honeycomb structure, and absorbs the multi-directional mechanical vibration generated during vehicle driving through its viscoelastic properties. At the same time, the heat dissipation shell 7 is made of 6063 aluminum alloy and anodized to form a double-wall structure. The inner wall integrates an array of 0.8mm-spaced wavy heat dissipation fins 8. The heat dissipation fins 8 are inclined at a 15° angle to the long axis of the heat dissipation shell 7 to form a forced convection air duct. The battery surface temperature is monitored with an NTC temperature sensor 9 with a 50ms sampling period. When the temperature exceeds the 50°C threshold, a 40mm diameter centrifugal cooling fan 10 is started. The cooling fan 10 uses PWM speed regulation technology to achieve linear matching of speed and temperature rise. In actual measurements, the operating temperature of the standardized power module 1 can be reduced by 18-22°C. The composite heat dissipation system combined with the shock-absorbing structure increases the cycle life of the module by 35% in the GB / T 31467.3 vibration test, while achieving the dual protection of IP67 protection level and active protection against thermal runaway.

[0074] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the modular connection mechanism 3, two groups of magnetic contacts 4 are provided, the positive and negative poles of the two groups of magnetic contacts 4 are opposite, and the two groups of magnetic contacts 4 are symmetrically distributed along the heat dissipation shell 7. A snap-on physical lock 5 is provided on one side of the heat dissipation shell 7. After the snap-on physical lock 5 is locked, the magnetic contacts 4 of each group of standardized power modules 1 are combined, and the standardized power modules 1 are connected in series through the magnetic contacts 4, and the series voltage is one of 12V or 24V.

[0075] Specifically, the magnetic contact 4 adopts a composite structure of N52 neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and copper alloy conductive sheet. The two sets of contacts are arranged symmetrically with positive and negative poles in reverse on the midline position of the long sides of the heat dissipation shell 7, ensuring that when the standardized power supply module 1 is combined, only the ends with the same polarity are allowed to repel each other and the ends with different polarity are automatically adsorbed and aligned to achieve the anti-reverse connection function; the snap-on physical lock 5 adopts a press-type ratchet mechanism integrated on the short side of the heat dissipation shell 7. When the module is docked to the critical position of the magnetic contact 4, applying 5N axial pressure can trigger the spring slider inside the snap-on physical lock 5 to complete the mechanical Interlocking, at this time, the contact resistance between modules is less than 2mΩ and the tensile strength is ≥200N; the series voltage mode is manually switched between 12V and 24V using a miniature DIP switch set in standard interface 2, or the intelligent management system automatically selects the matching mode based on the vehicle battery voltage read by the OBD. This design achieves tool-free "one-click" assembly operation through a magneto-electric collaborative positioning mechanism. At the same time, the double locking structure ensures contact reliability under bumpy vehicle conditions. Combined with the voltage adaptive switching function, a single set of modules is compatible with the differentiated power supply requirements of passenger cars and commercial vehicles.

[0076] Reference Figure 1 A Hall sensor 11 is provided on one side of the magnetic contact 4, and one side of the Hall sensor 11 is connected to the standard interface 2. The standard interface 2 is a universal interface. The Hall sensors 11 of the two sets of standardized power modules 1 connected in series will only be activated when the snap-type physical lock 5 is locked and the magnetic contacts 4 are adsorbed to each other, so that the standardized power modules 1 are powered in series.

[0077] Specifically, the Hall sensor 11 uses a linear Hall element HX6383 and is embedded 5 mm from the N-pole side of the magnetic contact 4. Its signal output end is connected to the SPI bus of the standard interface 2 via a three-wire connection. When and only when the mechanical locking mechanism of the snap-on physical lock 5 makes a "click" sound to complete the physical fixation, and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic contact 4 reaches 120 mT or more, the Hall sensor 11 converts the detected magnetic field intensity into a 0-5 V analog signal. After analog-to-digital conversion, it is compared with the preset 8-bit digital threshold corresponding to 85% adsorption completion. After the double verification is passed, a high-level enable signal is sent to the main control chip. At this time, the intelligent management system will close the MOSFET switch array, the model of the switch array is IRF3205, to establish an electrical path.

[0078] This design achieves the coordinated guarantee of physical connection reliability and electrical safety through the dual interlocking mechanism of mechanical locking and electromagnetic induction. Compared with the traditional solution that relies solely on physical contact, the false connection failure rate is reduced from the industry average of 3.2% to 0.05%. At the same time, it adopts a contact impedance compensation algorithm to automatically increase the output voltage by 0.3V to compensate for the voltage drop when the contact resistance is greater than 5mΩ, ensuring that the contact impedance fluctuation does not exceed ±15% under operating conditions of -40℃ to 85℃.

[0079] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 ,A combinable modular automobile emergency power supply ,intelligent management system architecture includes the following units:

[0080] Data acquisition unit: monitors the remaining power, internal temperature, and output voltage and current values ​​of the standardized power module 1 in real time, and performs filtering on the data;

[0081] Core control unit: Calculates the remaining power through the integration circuit, the calculation formula is:

[0082] ;

[0083] in, Indicates the remaining power at time t; Indicates the initial charge; Indicates the nominal capacity of the battery; Indicates the real-time current value; Represents the integral variable, which calculates the real-time remaining capacity of the battery by integrating the current value;

[0084] After obtaining the target voltage through the vehicle's OBD interface, the voltage is dynamically adjusted using the feedback control algorithm. The specific calculation formula of the feedback control algorithm is as follows:

[0085] ;

[0086] ;

[0087] in, Indicates the regulated output voltage; Indicates the error value; Indicates the target voltage; Indicates the current actual output voltage; Indicates proportion; represents the integral; Represents the differential coefficient, which stabilizes the output voltage through the feedback control algorithm;

[0088] Protection logic unit: controls the switch array through the set signal threshold. The signal threshold range is:

[0089] Overcharge protection: or ;

[0090] Overcurrent protection: ;

[0091] Short circuit protection: ;

[0092] in, Indicates the output voltage; Indicates the resettable fuse action threshold; Indicates the response time. The protection logic unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through the signal threshold. When the output voltage and current exceed the signal threshold, it is evaluated as a short circuit and triggers the switch array to cut off and conduct the circuit;

[0093] Dynamic load balancing unit: collects the remaining power, temperature, and health status of each group of standardized power modules 1 in real time, dynamically calculates the weight coefficient of each module based on the status data of each group of standardized power modules 1, and then distributes the output current in proportion;

[0094] Wireless communication unit: uses the MQTT protocol to upload status data to the vehicle computer and transmit user commands to the core control unit.

[0095] Specifically, the intelligent management system achieves functional integration through a multi-level hardware architecture: the data acquisition unit uses high-precision Hall sensors and NTC thermistors to build a multi-channel acquisition circuit, capturing module voltage (0-30V range), temperature (-40℃ to 125℃) and current (0-1000A transient) data in real time, and then transmits it to the core control unit after eliminating high-frequency interference through a second-order Butterworth filter; the core control unit is equipped with ARM The Cortex-M7 microcontroller obtains the target voltage parameters of the vehicle ECU via the CAN bus of the OBD-II interface and dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle using an incremental PID algorithm to maintain output voltage accuracy within ±0.5V. The protection logic unit uses an FPGA programmable logic device to achieve nanosecond response. When overvoltage, undervoltage, or overcurrent is detected, the IGBT power module disconnects the circuit within 0.1 seconds. The dynamic load balancing unit, based on an improved least squares algorithm, refreshes the state of health (SOH) parameters of each module every 50ms and dynamically distributes current through the MOSFET array. The wireless communication unit integrates an ESP32 dual-core chip and uses the MQTT protocol encrypted with TLS1.3 to establish a long connection with the vehicle computer, achieving 100ms-level state synchronization and remote firmware upgrades. This design achieves millisecond-level closed-loop control through a five-layer architecture, improving combined efficiency by 300% compared to traditional emergency power supplies and providing military-grade EMC interference resistance.

[0096] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The core control unit dynamically adjusts the maximum output current of the standardized power module 1. The algorithm for this dynamic adjustment is:

[0097] ;

[0098] Among them, ɑ represents the temperature coefficient; Indicates rated current; T indicates real-time temperature; Indicates the maximum output current allowed at temperature T. When the output is cut off, the core control unit can be forced to cut off the output.

[0099] Specifically, the real-time temperature data of each module is collected by the temperature sensor 9, and after the analog-to-digital conversion is performed by the AD converter built into the main control chip, the preset temperature coefficient α (typical value is 0.005 / ℃) and the rated current are combined. Parameters, calculated in real time using a 32-bit floating point arithmetic unit In specific implementation, the PWM controller dynamically adjusts the on-duty cycle of the MOSFET to achieve current limiting, while forming a dual closed-loop control with the protection logic unit. When the temperature reaches 65°C, the output is derated, and at the critical point of 80°C, the hardware-level circuit breaker protection is triggered. This design innovatively combines the electrochemical characteristics of the battery with the thermodynamic model, and establishes a linear temperature-current compensation relationship through the α coefficient. This not only ensures a 20% increase in instantaneous output capacity in low-temperature environments, but also extends the module life by 40% through a gradient derating mechanism under high-temperature conditions. Compared with traditional fixed-threshold temperature control solutions, this implementation achieves an optimal balance between output performance and safety through a dynamic algorithm.

[0100] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the weight coefficient of the dynamic load balancing unit is calculated as follows:

[0101] ;

[0102] in, represents the weight of the i-th standardized power module 1; Indicates the remaining power; Indicates the temperature of the standardized power module 1; Indicates the maximum allowable temperature; n represents the total number of combinations of standardized power modules 1. The calculated weight is used to allocate output current to each group of standardized power modules 1, so that the core control unit controls the switching of the standardized power modules 1 for real-time adjustment.

[0103] Specifically, the dynamic load balancing unit collects the T_i temperature data of each standardized power module 1 in real time through the temperature sensor 9, and combines the temperature data calculated by the main control chip to calculate the temperature of the power module 1. The remaining power value of each module is normalized using a normalization algorithm. The weight coefficient is quantified as a dynamic allocation factor in the range of 0-1. In specific implementation, the system scans all online module status data at a frequency of 1Hz and converts the status data of each module into With (1- / 80℃) are multiplied and accumulated to obtain the denominator, and the contribution of each module is calculated as the weight coefficient. This design achieves triple optimization through a dual-factor coupling mechanism: in the power dimension, high SOC modules are prioritized to reduce the overall depth of discharge; in the temperature dimension, the load of high-temperature modules is suppressed to delay thermal decay, and the total output current is ensured to be constant through normalization. This dynamic allocation strategy enables new and old modules and battery packs in different health states to work together, and can improve the effective capacity utilization by 20% compared to traditional current sharing solutions. Measured data shows that temperature balance is improved by 35% under the condition of three modules in parallel, and the cycle life difference between modules is reduced to within ±5%.

[0104] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the intelligent control system connects the standardized power modules 1 in series and in parallel through a multi-module collaborative control algorithm. The multi-module collaborative algorithm is as follows:

[0105] ;

[0106] in, Indicates series mode voltage distribution; Indicates the output voltage of a single module;

[0107] ;

[0108] in, Indicates the current distribution in parallel mode; Indicates the output current of a single module. The total voltage and total current after series and parallel connection are calculated using the formula.

[0109] Specifically, the main control chip collects the voltage / current data of each standardized power module in real time, and uses dynamic topology recognition technology to automatically determine whether the module combination mode is series or parallel. When the polarity matching of the magnetic contacts is detected and the Hall sensor is triggered, the series mode is activated. At this time, the voltage superposition calculation is performed according to the formula V_total=∑Vi, and the voltage drop caused by the line impedance is dynamically compensated by the PID algorithm to ensure that the 12V / 24V output accuracy error is less than ±1.5%; in parallel mode, current equalization control is implemented based on the formula I_total=∑Ii, and the maximum output current of each module is dynamically adjusted in combination with the temperature compensation algorithm. At the same time, the load balancing unit is linked to distribute the current according to the weight coefficient, so that the high SOC and low-temperature modules bear more load. This design realizes automatic switching of combination modes and precise control of output parameters through the dual protection of hardware topology recognition and software algorithms. Compared with traditional fixed power supply systems, the module combination efficiency is improved by 40%, the voltage stability is improved by 32%, and the circulation loss problem caused by module status differences is effectively avoided.

[0110] The implementation principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: flexible combination is achieved through the independent unit design of the standardized power supply module 1. Each standardized power supply module 1 has a built-in lithium-ion battery and is equipped with a unified standard interface 2. The dual connection mechanism of the magnetic contact 4 and the snap-on physical lock 5 is combined to ensure electrical conductivity reliability while achieving a stable physical structure connection. The magnetic contacts 4 are symmetrically distributed and the positive and negative poles are reversed. The dual verification mechanism of the Hall sensor 11 and the snap-on physical lock 5 ensures polarity matching and contact reliability when the modules are combined, effectively preventing the risk of accidental connection and reverse connection.

[0111] The intelligent management system adopts a layered architecture design. The data acquisition unit obtains the module power, temperature and output parameters in real time. The core control unit dynamically adjusts the output voltage based on the PID feedback algorithm. The calculation formula is: ;

[0112] Combined with temperature compensation algorithm: , realize intelligent current limiting of output current and automatic derating protection under high temperature conditions;

[0113] The dynamic load balancing unit uses a weight coefficient algorithm: ;

[0114] Dynamically distribute the output current of each module, combine with the multi-module collaborative control algorithm to achieve the optimal distribution of voltage and current in series-parallel mode, and cooperate with the triple protection mechanism to build a complete safety protection system, and finally form an expandable modular power supply system. Compared with traditional fixed emergency power supplies, it has significant advantages such as large combination freedom, strong environmental adaptability and high safety level.

[0115] The examples of this specific embodiment are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are marked with the same reference numerals. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A modular automotive emergency power supply, characterized in that: Including standardized power modules, modular connection mechanisms and intelligent management systems; Standardized power modules (1): Each group of the standardized power modules is an independent unit with a built-in lithium-ion battery, a uniform size and a standard interface (2); A modular connection mechanism (3) comprising a magnetic contact (4) and a snap-on physical lock (5), wherein one side of the magnetic contact (4) is provided with a snap-on physical lock (5), and both sides of the standard interface (2) are provided with magnetic contacts (4), so that each group of the standardized power modules (1) are connected in series and in parallel via the magnetic contacts (4) and the snap-on physical lock (5); Intelligent management system: integrated main control chip, real-time monitoring of module power, temperature and output status, dynamic adjustment of output voltage and dynamic load balancing, so that the standardized power modules (1) can be combined into a power supply group, and provide multiple protection mechanisms; The standardized power module (1) is provided with a silica gel shock-absorbing pad (6) on one side of the silica gel shock-absorbing pad (6), and a heat dissipation shell (7) is provided on the inner wall of the heat dissipation shell (7), and the heat dissipation fins (8) are integrated, and the heat dissipation fins (8) are provided in a plurality of groups, and each group of the heat dissipation fins (8) is evenly arranged along the vertical direction of the heat dissipation shell (7); a temperature sensor (9) is provided on the other side of the silica gel shock-absorbing pad (6), and a heat dissipation fan (10) is provided on one side of the temperature sensor (9); the temperature sensor (9) monitors the internal temperature of the standardized power module (1) in real time, and when the internal temperature of the standardized power module (1) is greater than 50 degrees, the heat dissipation fan (10) is started to assist in heat dissipation; In the modular connection mechanism (3), two groups of magnetic contacts (4) are provided, the positive and negative poles of the two groups of magnetic contacts (4) are opposite, and the two groups of magnetic contacts (4) are symmetrically distributed along the heat dissipation housing (7), and a snap-on physical lock (5) is provided on one side of the heat dissipation housing (7). After the snap-on physical lock (5) is locked, the magnetic contacts (4) of each group of the standardized power modules (1) are combined, and the standardized power modules (1) are connected in series through the magnetic contacts (4), and the series voltage is one of 12V and 24V.

2. A modular automotive emergency power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A Hall sensor (11) is provided on one side of the magnetic contact (4), and one side of the Hall sensor (11) is connected to the standard interface (2). The standard interface (2) is a universal interface. The Hall sensors (11) of the two groups of the standardized power modules (1) connected in series are activated only when the snap-on physical lock (5) is locked and the magnetic contacts (4) are adsorbed to each other, thereby enabling the standardized power modules (1) to be energized in series.

3. The modular automotive emergency power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The architecture of the intelligent management system includes the following units: A data acquisition unit monitors the remaining power, internal temperature, and output voltage and current values ​​of the standardized power module (1) in real time, and performs filtering on the data; Core control unit: Calculates the remaining power through the integration circuit, the calculation formula is: Among them, SOC(t) represents the remaining power at time t; SOC0 represents the initial power; C nom Represents the nominal capacity of the battery; I(τ) represents the real-time current value; τ represents the integral variable, and the real-time remaining capacity of the battery is calculated by the integrated current value; After obtaining the target voltage through the vehicle OBD interface, the voltage is dynamically adjusted through the feedback control algorithm. The specific calculation formula of the feedback control algorithm is as follows: e(t l )=V target -V actual ; Among them, V out represents the output voltage after adjustment; e(τ) represents the error value, τ represents the integral variable; V target Indicates the target voltage; V actual Indicates the current actual output voltage; K p Indicates the ratio; K i represents the integral; K d represents the differential coefficient; t represents the continuous time flow; t l represents a discrete time point; Indicates the rate of change of the deviation signal over time; stabilizes the output voltage through the feedback control algorithm; Protection logic unit: controls the switch array through the set signal threshold, the range of the signal threshold is: Overcharge protection: V batt >14.4V or V batt <10.5V; Overcurrent protection: I peak ≥1000A; Short circuit protection: t response ≤0.1s; Among them, V batt Indicates the output voltage; I peak Indicates the resettable fuse action threshold; t response represents a response time, wherein the protection logic unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through the signal threshold, and when the output voltage and current exceed the signal threshold, it is evaluated as a short circuit and triggers the switch array to cut off and turn on the circuit; Dynamic load balancing unit: collects the remaining power, temperature and health status of each group of standardized power modules (1) in real time, dynamically calculates the weight coefficient of each module based on the status data of each group of standardized power modules (1), and then distributes the output current proportionally; Wireless communication unit: uses the MQTT protocol to upload status data to the vehicle computer and transmits user instructions to the core control unit.

4. The modular automotive emergency power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: The core control unit dynamically adjusts the maximum output current of the standardized power supply module (1), and the algorithm for the dynamic adjustment is: I max (T)=I nom ×(1-α·|T-25℃|); Where, ɑ represents the temperature coefficient; I nom Indicates rated current; T indicates real-time temperature; I max (T) represents the maximum output current allowed at temperature T. When T>80°C, the core control unit can forcibly cut off the output.

5. The modular automotive emergency power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight coefficient of the dynamic load balancing unit is calculated as follows: Among them, W i represents the weight of the i-th standardized power module (1); SOC i Indicates the remaining power; T i represents the temperature of the standardized power module (1); T max represents the maximum allowable temperature; n represents the total number of combinations of the standardized power modules (1); the calculated weight is used to allocate output current to each group of the standardized power modules (1), thereby controlling the switches of the standardized power modules (1) through the core control unit for real-time adjustment.

6. The modular automotive emergency power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intelligent management system connects the standardized power modules (1) in series and in parallel through a multi-module collaborative control algorithm, and the multi-module collaborative control algorithm is as follows: Among them, V total Indicates the series mode voltage distribution; V i Indicates the output voltage of a single module; Among them, I total Indicates the current distribution in parallel mode; I i Represents the output current of a single module. The total voltage and total current after series and parallel connection are calculated using the above formula.

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