Solar cell and power-using device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar cell and an electrical device, wherein the solar cell comprises a cell substrate and a heat dissipation structure, wherein the cell substrate has a light incident surface and a back surface opposite to the light incident surface; the heat dissipation structure is arranged on the back surface. The heat generated by the cell substrate is dissipated in time by the heat dissipation structure, which can effectively reduce the surface temperature of the cell substrate and improve the power generation efficiency and service life of the cell substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells generate high heat energy when absorbing light energy and during the photoelectric conversion process, which will increase the temperature of the entire solar cell, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency and life of the solar cell. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar cell and an electrical device that can improve the problem that the heat generated by the existing perovskite solar cells is difficult to be effectively dissipated, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency and battery life.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0005] a battery substrate having a light incident surface and a back surface opposite to the light incident surface; and

[0006] The heat dissipation structure is arranged on the back side.

[0007] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the light incident surface of the battery substrate is used to absorb light energy to achieve photoelectric conversion, and a heat dissipation structure is arranged on the back side of the battery substrate. On the one hand, it will not block the light incident surface, thereby not affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, it can utilize the high thermal conductivity of the heat dissipation structure to absorb heat from the back side of the battery substrate, and utilize its own high thermal radiation performance to radiate the heat outward, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the surface temperature of the battery substrate, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and service life of the battery substrate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation structure includes encapsulation glass, and the encapsulation glass is arranged on the back side. The encapsulation of the battery matrix by the encapsulation glass can achieve relative sealing of the battery matrix to form a relatively stable working environment, which can prevent the decomposition products from overflowing from the system and increase the service life of the battery matrix.

[0009] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation layer, and the heat dissipation layer is coated on the back surface. The process of coating the heat dissipation layer is simpler than other processes such as deposition and pasting, and has lower processing requirements for operators or production equipment.

[0010] In some embodiments, the material of the heat dissipation layer includes at least one of aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide. Among them, aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, beryllium oxide and other materials are all nanomaterials, which have high thermal conductivity and large thermal radiation coefficient, can efficiently absorb heat from the battery matrix, and timely radiate the heat outward, which can effectively reduce the surface heat of the battery matrix. In addition, the above materials also have high insulation performance, can ensure insulation between the battery matrix, and have a high safety factor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation structure includes encapsulating glass, and the encapsulating glass is arranged on the side of the heat dissipation layer away from the back surface. The battery substrate and the heat dissipation layer are encapsulated by the encapsulating glass, so that the battery substrate can be relatively sealed to form a relatively stable working environment, which can prevent the decomposition products from overflowing from the system and increase the service life of the battery substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments, heat dissipation particles are arranged in the encapsulation glass. Since the encapsulation glass is used to encapsulate the battery substrate, the encapsulation glass itself may hinder the heat dissipation of the battery substrate. In view of this, in this embodiment, by arranging heat dissipation particles with a high thermal radiation coefficient in the encapsulation glass, the heat dissipation performance of the encapsulation glass can be effectively improved, so that the heat on the back of the battery substrate can be absorbed by the encapsulation glass and dissipated outwards. When a heat dissipation layer is arranged between the encapsulation glass and the battery substrate, the encapsulation glass can also effectively absorb the heat in the heat dissipation layer and dissipate it outwards.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the heat dissipation particles includes graphene. Since the thermal radiation coefficient of graphene is greater than 0.95, which is much higher than the thermal radiation coefficient of metal materials, it has good heat dissipation performance and can effectively improve the heat dissipation capacity of solar cells; moreover, since graphene has a mesh structure with a mesh diameter of about 0.14 nanometers, which is smaller than the diameter of a water molecule, it has good water-blocking performance and can reduce the situation where external moisture penetrates into the interior of the battery matrix through the surface of the encapsulation glass.

[0014] In some embodiments, the encapsulation glass is provided with a through hole, and a heat conducting part is embedded in the through hole. The through hole is provided in the encapsulation glass and the heat conducting part is provided in the through hole to form a fast heat transmission path, so as to achieve the purpose of transmitting the heat away from the battery matrix, alleviate the situation that the heat accumulates on the battery matrix or the heat dissipation layer, and alleviate the performance deterioration caused by the rapid heating of the battery matrix.

[0015] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation structure includes a heat dissipation layer coated between the back surface and the encapsulation glass, and the heat conduction portion is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer. Since the heat dissipation layer is coated between the encapsulation glass and the battery substrate, and the heat conduction portion is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer, a continuous solid heat dissipation channel can be formed between the heat dissipation layer, and the efficiency of heat transfer from the battery substrate to the outside is high.

[0016] In some embodiments, the through hole is tapered in a direction away from the heat dissipation layer, and correspondingly, the cross-section of the heat conducting portion gradually decreases.

[0017] Among them, due to the reduced setting of the through hole and the gradual reduction of the cross-section of the heat-conducting part, the encapsulating glass can limit the heat-conducting part through the through hole, that is, the heat-conducting part is difficult to slide outward through the through hole, so that the heat conduction between the heat-conducting part and the battery substrate or the heat dissipation layer is relatively smooth, the heat conduction fault is reduced, and the heat in the battery substrate or the heat dissipation layer can be effectively dissipated; not only that, because the encapsulating glass can limit the heat-conducting part through the through hole, in the process of installing the encapsulating glass and the heat-conducting part, the heat-conducting part can be directly installed into the through hole first, and then the encapsulating glass can be installed as a whole on the heat dissipation layer, and the overall installation process is simpler.

[0018] In some embodiments, the through holes are provided in plurality, and correspondingly, the heat conducting parts are provided in plurality. By providing a plurality of through holes and providing a heat conducting part in each through hole, the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery substrate or the heat dissipation layer can be further improved.

[0019] In some embodiments, the material of the heat conducting part includes at least one of copper and aluminum. Copper and aluminum are metal materials, which have certain strength and can be stably installed in the through hole. At the same time, copper and aluminum both have good thermal conductivity, and can effectively handle the situation of heat conduction for the encapsulation glass with only a small increase in production cost.

[0020] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a heat absorption structure, which is disposed on the side of the encapsulation glass away from the battery substrate, and is heat-conducted to the heat-conducting part. In this arrangement, the heat in the encapsulation glass is conducted away from the battery substrate through the heat-conducting part, and the heat in the heat-conducting part is promptly absorbed and radiated to the external environment through the heat absorption structure disposed on the outside of the encapsulation glass, thereby achieving continuous heat conduction, and further achieving the purpose of efficiently transmitting and dissipating the heat inside the encapsulation glass to the outside.

[0021] In some embodiments, the heat conducting part is extended to have an extended end away from the encapsulation glass; the heat absorbing structure is arranged at the extended end. The heat conducting part is extended away from the encapsulation glass so that the distance between the heat absorbing structure and the encapsulation glass becomes larger. On the one hand, a larger heat radiation space is provided to the encapsulation glass, and the influence of the heat absorbing structure on the heat radiated outward by the encapsulation glass itself is reduced. On the other hand, the heat inside the encapsulation glass can be further conducted away, which reduces the accumulation of heat at the encapsulation glass and effectively alleviates the situation where the battery matrix is ​​rapidly heated up and the performance deteriorates.

[0022] In some embodiments, an adhesive structure is provided between the heat absorbing structure and the encapsulating glass. Providing an adhesive structure between the heat absorbing structure and the encapsulating glass can provide a more stable installation point for the heat absorbing structure and prevent the heat conduction channel between the heat absorbing structure and the heat conducting part from being disconnected.

[0023] In some embodiments, the material of the heat absorption structure includes graphene. As the heat dissipation structure of the terminal, the heat absorption structure has a very important thermal radiation performance. Using graphene as a heat absorption material can not only obtain higher thermal radiation performance, but also obtain higher thermal conductivity performance, that is, it can absorb the heat conducted from the heat conduction part in time, and can also dissipate the absorbed heat in time, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation capacity of the solar cell.

[0024] In some embodiments, the battery matrix includes a glass substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second charge transport layer and a metal electrode layer arranged in sequence from the light incident surface to the back surface; the back surface is formed on the metal electrode layer.

[0025] Among them, after the incident light passes through the glass substrate, photons with energy greater than the bandgap width are absorbed to generate excitons, and then the excitons are separated in the perovskite light-absorbing layer, turning into holes and electrons and injected into the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer respectively, and finally collected by the metal electrode layer and the glass substrate respectively, and current can be generated through the circuit of the metal electrode layer and the glass substrate, thereby realizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a solar cell as described in any one of the above, wherein the solar cell is used to provide electrical energy.

[0027] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a solar cell provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the encapsulation glass;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a cross section AA in an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the cross section AA in FIG.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a solar cell provided by the present invention.

[0034] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0035] Label name Label name 100 Solar Cells 2 Heat dissipation structure 1 Battery Matrix 21 Heat dissipation layer 11 Glass substrate 22 Packaging glass 12 First charge transport layer 221 Through Hole 13 Perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 Heat transfer part 14 Second charge transport layer 31 Extension end 15 Metal electrode layer 4 Heat absorbing structure 1a Light incident surface 5 Bonding structure 1b back

[0036] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] At present, with the increasing maturity of crystalline silicon solar technology, the problem of its photoelectric conversion efficiency has become increasingly prominent. Many companies in the industry have turned their attention to solar cells with greater potential. Data show that the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is as high as 33%, which is significantly higher than that of traditional crystalline silicon solar cells; and with the support of stacking technology, its photoelectric conversion efficiency is expected to exceed 45%. At present, my country's perovskite solar cell technology is booming. Driven by industrial capital, thousands of companies around the world are actively developing perovskite battery technology, providing a strong impetus for its industrialization. With the joint efforts of all parties in the industrial chain and capital, the production cost of perovskite batteries is expected to drop significantly, and its industrialization development prospects are broad.

[0046] However, perovskite solar cells generate high heat energy when absorbing light energy and during the photoelectric conversion process, which will increase the temperature of the entire solar cell, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency and life of the solar cell. In order to ensure the power generation efficiency and reliable life of the solar cell, it is necessary to lower the surface temperature of the solar cell.

[0047] Based on the above considerations, in order to improve the problem that the heat generated by the existing perovskite solar cell 100 is difficult to be effectively dissipated, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency and battery life. The present application proposes a solar cell 100, by setting a heat dissipation layer 2 on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 of the solar cell 100, so that the heat generated by the battery substrate 1 during operation can be timely absorbed and radiated outward by the heat dissipation layer 2, thereby alleviating the situation of heat accumulation in the battery substrate 1, and improving the power generation efficiency and the life of the solar cell 100.

[0048] The solar cell 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in an electrical device that uses the solar cell 100 as a power source or various energy storage systems that use the solar cell 100 as an energy storage element. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like. Among them, the electric toy can include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, and the like, and the spacecraft can include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, and the like.

[0049] For the convenience of description, the following embodiments are described by taking a vehicle as an example of an electrical device in an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] The vehicle can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A solar cell 100 is arranged inside the vehicle. The solar cell 100 can be arranged on the top, head or tail of the vehicle. The solar cell 100 can be used to power the vehicle. For example, the solar cell 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle. The vehicle can also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the solar cell 100 to power the motor, for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell 100 can be used not only as an operating power source for the vehicle, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0052] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the solar cell 100 provided by the present invention. The embodiment of the present application provides a battery substrate 1, the solar cell 100 comprises a battery substrate 1 and a heat dissipation structure 2, the battery substrate 1 has a light incident surface 1a and a back surface 1b opposite to the light incident surface 1a; the heat dissipation structure 2 is arranged on the back surface 1b.

[0053] Among them, the battery substrate 1 has a light incident surface 1a and a back surface 1b, and light can be incident on the battery substrate 1 from the light incident surface 1a and converted into electrical energy therein. The battery substrate 1 can specifically be a silicon-based semiconductor battery, a dye-sensitized battery, or a perovskite battery, which is not limited in this embodiment; the structure of the heat dissipation structure 2 has various forms, which can be a plate-like structure, a paste-like structure, a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure, as long as it can be thermally connected to the back surface 1b of the battery substrate 1. At the same time, the material of the heat dissipation structure 2 can have various choices, for example, metal materials such as copper and aluminum can be used, or non-metallic materials can be used, as long as its thermal radiation coefficient and thermal conductivity are stronger than the battery substrate 1 itself, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0054] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the light incident surface 1a of the battery substrate 1 is used to absorb light energy to achieve photoelectric conversion, and a heat dissipation structure 2 is arranged on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1. On the one hand, the light incident surface 1a will not be blocked, thereby not affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the high thermal conductivity of the heat dissipation structure 2 can be used to absorb heat from the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1, and the high thermal radiation performance of the heat dissipation structure 2 can be used to radiate the heat outward, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the surface temperature of the battery substrate 1, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and service life of the battery substrate 1.

[0055] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the heat dissipation structure 2 includes a packaging glass 22 , and the packaging glass 22 is disposed on the back side 1 b .

[0056] The battery matrix 1 is packaged by the packaging glass 22 , so that the battery matrix 1 can be relatively sealed to form a relatively stable working environment, which can prevent decomposition products from overflowing from the system and increase the service life of the battery matrix 1 .

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the heat dissipation structure 2 includes a heat dissipation layer 21 , and the heat dissipation layer 21 is coated on the back side 1 b .

[0058] Among them, coating is a processing technology for the heat dissipation layer 21. The heat dissipation coating in a paste form is coated on the back side 1b by production equipment or operators to finally form the heat dissipation layer 21. The heat dissipation layer 21 can finally be in a paste form or cured into a solid state. Generally speaking, the heat dissipation coating generally includes a base material and a filler. The base material generally includes a resin. Based on the good fluidity of the resin at high temperature, the heat dissipation coating can be set on the back side 1b by coating, and the filler generally includes a material with good thermal radiation performance.

[0059] The process of coating the heat dissipation layer 21 is simpler than other processes such as deposition and pasting, and has lower requirements on operators or production equipment.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the material of the heat dissipation layer 21 includes at least one of aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide.

[0061] Among them, materials such as aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide are all nanomaterials, which have high thermal conductivity and large thermal radiation coefficient, and have good insulation properties; the heat dissipation layer 21 can be composed of a single material among the above-mentioned multiple materials, or can be composed of a mixture of two materials, three materials, four materials, or five materials. In the case where the heat dissipation layer 21 is composed of a mixture of multiple materials, the ratio of each component can be in various situations, which can be a uniform ratio of each material, or a selective ratio based on the production or purchase cost, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0062] Based on the thermal radiation and insulation properties of the above materials, the heat dissipation layer 21 can efficiently absorb heat from the battery substrate 1 and radiate the heat outward in a timely manner to effectively reduce the surface heat of the battery substrate 1, and can also ensure the insulation between the battery substrate 1, with a high safety factor; not only that, since the processing of the heat dissipation layer 21 adopts a coating process, the heat dissipation coating is generally in a paste state, and the base material of the heat dissipation coating is generally resin, and aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, beryllium oxide and other materials are used as fillers, which have a high degree of fusion with the resin and are easy to prepare and coat.

[0063] See also Figure 1 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the solar cell 100 includes an encapsulation glass 22 , and the encapsulation glass 22 is disposed on a side of the heat dissipation layer 21 away from the back side 1 b .

[0064] Among them, the function of the encapsulation glass 22 is to encapsulate the battery substrate 1 and the heat dissipation layer 21. The heat dissipation layer 21 is located between the encapsulation glass 22 and the battery substrate 1. Since the area of ​​the heat dissipation layer 21 facing away from the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 is larger, the encapsulation of the encapsulation glass 22 can seal the battery substrate 1 to a certain extent. Of course, the encapsulation glass 22 can also be used to extend to the surrounding sides of the encapsulated battery substrate 1 and the heat dissipation layer 21, and the encapsulation effect is better at this time.

[0065] By packaging the battery matrix 1 and the heat dissipation layer 21 with the packaging glass 22 , the battery matrix 1 can be relatively sealed to form a relatively stable working environment, which can prevent decomposition products from overflowing from the system and increase the service life of the battery matrix 1 .

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present application, heat dissipation particles are optionally disposed in the encapsulation glass 22 .

[0067] Among them, the role of the heat dissipation particles is to conduct heat and dissipate heat to improve the thermal conductivity of the encapsulation glass 22. There are many options for its specific material, and metal materials or nano materials can be selected, as long as its thermal radiation coefficient and thermal conductivity are stronger than the encapsulation glass 22, and this embodiment does not limit this; at the same time, the heat dissipation particles can be evenly arranged inside the encapsulation glass 22, or they can be scattered inside the encapsulation glass 22; the density of the heat dissipation particles in the encapsulation glass 22 can be set arbitrarily, as long as the strength and sealing performance of the encapsulation glass 22 itself are not destroyed; in some embodiments, the encapsulation glass 22 directly contacts the battery substrate 1, and the heat dissipation particles in the encapsulation glass 22 can directly dissipate the heat on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 to the outside. In other embodiments, a heat dissipation layer 21 is coated between the encapsulation glass 22 and the battery substrate 1, and the heat dissipation particles in the encapsulation glass 22 indirectly dissipate the heat on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 to the outside through the heat dissipation layer 21.

[0068] Since the battery substrate 1 is encapsulated by encapsulating glass 22, the encapsulating glass 22 itself may hinder the heat dissipation of the battery substrate 1. In view of this, in this embodiment, by arranging heat dissipation particles with a high thermal radiation coefficient in the encapsulating glass 22, the heat dissipation performance of the encapsulating glass 22 can be effectively improved, so that the heat on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 can be absorbed by the encapsulating glass 22 and dissipated outwards. When a heat dissipation layer 21 is arranged between the encapsulating glass 22 and the battery substrate 1, the encapsulating glass 22 can also effectively absorb the heat in the heat dissipation layer 21 and dissipate it outwards.

[0069] Specifically, according to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the material of the heat dissipation particles includes graphene.

[0070] Among them, graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with a thermal radiation coefficient greater than ., which is much higher than the thermal radiation coefficient of metal materials. At the same time, graphene has a mesh structure with a mesh diameter of about . nanometers, which is smaller than the diameter of a water molecule. Therefore, it has good water-blocking properties.

[0071] Based on the good heat dissipation performance of graphene in the encapsulation glass 22 , the heat dissipation capacity of the solar cell 100 is effectively improved. Moreover, since graphene also has good water-blocking properties, it can effectively reduce the situation where external moisture penetrates into the interior of the battery matrix 1 .

[0072] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the material of the heat dissipation particles includes graphene; the material of the heat dissipation layer 21 includes at least one of aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide.

[0073] Among them, aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, beryllium oxide and other materials are all nanomaterials, which have high thermal conductivity, large thermal radiation coefficient and good insulation properties.

[0074] Since the heat dissipation layer 21 includes the above-mentioned material with good insulation properties, after the encapsulation glass 22 encapsulates the heat dissipation layer 21 and the battery substrate 1, due to the insulation barrier of the heat dissipation layer 21, the heat dissipation particles with graphene are difficult to conduct electricity with the battery substrate 1, and the safety of the solar cell 100 is improved.

[0075] Please continue reading Figure 1 , and refer to Figures 2 to 4 ,in, Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the encapsulation glass 22; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cross-section-one embodiment; Figure 4 for Figure 2The cross-section in the figure is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment. According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, a through hole 221 is provided on the encapsulation glass 22, and a heat conducting part 3 is embedded in the through hole 221.

[0076] It can be understood that the position of the through hole 221 corresponds to the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1, and is set from one side of the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 to the other side of the encapsulation glass 22 to form a through hole. Its function is to accommodate the heat conducting part 3 and enable the two ends of the heat conducting part 3 to be respectively exposed to the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 and the external environment. The shape of the through hole 221 can have a variety of options. For example, the through hole 221 can be circular, elliptical, triangular or polygonal. In addition, the number of the through holes 221 can have a variety of settings, for example, one, two, or more can be set, and the size of the through holes 221 can have a variety of settings, and its specific The size can be determined according to the area of ​​the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1, and this embodiment does not limit this. Since the heat conductive part 3 is embedded in the through hole 221, it can be understood that the shape and size of the heat conductive part 3 are adapted to the through hole 221. In some embodiments, the encapsulating glass 22 directly contacts the battery substrate 1, and the heat conductive part 3 in the through hole 221 can directly dissipate the heat on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 to the outside. In other embodiments, a heat dissipation layer 21 is coated between the encapsulating glass 22 and the battery substrate 1, and the heat conductive part 3 in the through hole 221 indirectly dissipates the heat on the back side 1b of the battery substrate 1 to the outside through the heat dissipation layer 21.

[0077] Among them, a through hole 221 is opened on the packaging glass 22, and a heat conductive part 3 is set in the through hole 221 to form a rapid heat transmission path, which can achieve the purpose of transferring heat away from the battery substrate 1, alleviate the situation where heat accumulates on the battery substrate 1 or the heat dissipation layer 21, and alleviate the performance deterioration caused by the rapid heating of the battery substrate 1.

[0078] Further, according to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the heat dissipation structure 2 includes a heat dissipation layer 21 coated between the back surface 1 b and the packaging glass 22 , and the heat conduction portion 3 is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer 21 .

[0079] Heat conduction means that the heat conducting part 3 is in contact with the heat dissipation layer 21, and heat transfer is achieved by solid heat conduction. It can be understood that the heat conduction efficiency of solids is higher than that of liquids and gases. The heat conducting part 3 can be embedded in the heat dissipation layer 21, or it can be abutted against the surface of the heat dissipation layer 21 through an external structure. The heat conducting part 3 can be made of metal or nano material, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0080] Among them, since a heat dissipation layer 21 is coated between the packaging glass 22 and the battery substrate 1, and the heat conduction part 3 is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer 21, a continuous solid heat dissipation channel can be formed between the heat dissipation layer 21, and the efficiency of heat transfer from the battery substrate 1 to the outside is relatively high.

[0081] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the through hole 221 is tapered in a direction away from the heat dissipation layer 21 , and correspondingly, the cross section of the heat conducting portion 3 gradually decreases.

[0082] The direction away from the heat dissipation layer 21 refers to the direction from the side of the encapsulation glass 22 on the heat dissipation layer 21 toward the other side of the encapsulation glass 22; the tapered setting of the through hole 221 means that the aperture of the through hole 221 gradually decreases. It can be understood that the heat conducting part 3 is adapted to the through hole 221. As the aperture of the through hole 221 gradually decreases, the cross-section of the heat conducting part 3 also gradually decreases.

[0083] Among them, due to the reduced setting of the through hole 221 and the gradual reduction of the cross-section of the heat conducting part 3, the encapsulating glass 22 can limit the heat conducting part 3 through the through hole 221, that is, the heat conducting part 3 is difficult to slide outward through the through hole 221. After the encapsulating glass 22 is encapsulated to the battery substrate 1 and the heat dissipation layer 21, the encapsulating glass 22 can make the heat conduction between the heat conducting part 3 and the battery substrate 1 or the heat dissipation layer 21 relatively smooth, the heat conduction fault is reduced, and the heat in the battery substrate 1 or the heat dissipation layer 21 can be effectively dissipated; not only that, because the encapsulating glass 22 can limit the heat conducting part 3 through the through hole 221, in the process of installing the encapsulating glass 22 and the heat conducting part 3, the heat conducting part 3 can be directly installed into the through hole 221 first, and then the encapsulating glass 22 can be installed as a whole on the heat dissipation layer 21, and the overall installation process is simpler.

[0084] Please continue reading Figure 2 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, a plurality of through holes 221 are provided, and correspondingly, a plurality of heat conducting parts 3 are provided.

[0085] There are multiple through holes 221 and multiple heat conducting parts 3. It is understandable that at least the number of through holes 221 should be greater than the number of heat conducting parts 3. In one case, the number of through holes 221 is equal to the number of heat conducting parts 3, that is, each through hole 221 is provided with a heat conducting part 3.

[0086] By providing a plurality of through holes 221 and providing a heat conducting part 3 in each through hole 221 , the efficiency of heat dissipation in the battery substrate 1 or the heat dissipation layer 21 can be further improved, and the accumulation of heat on the heat dissipation layer 21 and the encapsulation glass 22 can be alleviated.

[0087] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the material of the heat conducting part 3 includes at least one of copper and aluminum.

[0088] Copper and aluminum are both metal materials, and they have certain strength themselves, and can be stably installed in the through hole 221. At the same time, copper and aluminum have good thermal conductivity, and can effectively cope with the situation of heat conduction for the encapsulation glass 22 with only a small increase in production cost.

[0089] See also Figure 5 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the solar cell 100 includes a heat absorption structure 4 , which is disposed on a side of the packaging glass 22 away from the cell substrate 1 and is heat-conducted to the heat conducting portion 3 .

[0090] The heat absorption structure 4 is used to absorb the heat transferred from the heat conducting part 3. There are many choices for its material, as long as it has good thermal radiation performance and thermal conductivity performance. Its appearance can have many forms, for example, it can be arranged in a plate shape, a honeycomb shape, or a multi-fin structure with intervals, aiming to obtain a larger contact area with the air, thereby improving its own heat dissipation ability; since the heat absorption structure 4 is connected to the heat conducting part 3 by heat conduction, the heat absorption structure 4 can be directly arranged on the heat conducting part 3 with the heat conducting part 3 as the substrate. Of course, the heat absorption structure 4 can also be arranged on other structures of the solar cell 100, or on an external structure, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0091] The heat in the encapsulating glass 22 is conducted to a place away from the battery substrate 1 through the heat conducting part 3, and the heat in the heat conducting part 3 is promptly absorbed and radiated to the external environment through the heat absorbing structure 4 arranged on the outside of the encapsulating glass 22, thereby realizing continuous heat conduction, and further achieving the purpose of efficiently transmitting and dissipating the heat inside the encapsulating glass 22 to the outside.

[0092] For further information, please refer to Figure 5 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the heat conducting portion 3 is extended to have an extended end 31 disposed away from the encapsulation glass 22 ; the heat absorbing structure 4 is disposed at the extended end 31 .

[0093] The heat conducting part 3 is extended so that it has two opposite ends. One end is heat-conductingly connected to the battery substrate 1 or the heat dissipation layer 21 , and the other end is set as an extended end 31 . The extended end 31 is located outside the encapsulation glass 22 , that is, on the side away from the heat dissipation layer 21 .

[0094] Among them, the heat conducting part 3 is extended away from the packaging glass 22, so that the distance between the heat absorbing structure 4 and the packaging glass 22 becomes larger. On the one hand, a larger heat radiation space is provided to the packaging glass 22, and the influence of the heat absorbing structure 4 on the heat radiated outward by the packaging glass 22 itself is reduced. On the other hand, the heat inside the packaging glass 22 can be further conducted away, thereby reducing the accumulation of heat in the packaging glass 22, and effectively alleviating the situation in which the battery matrix 1 heats up rapidly and causes performance deterioration.

[0095] For details, please continue to see Figure 5 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, an adhesive structure 5 is provided between the heat absorption structure 4 and the encapsulation glass 22 .

[0096] The function of the adhesive structure 5 is to connect the heat absorption structure 4 and the packaging glass 22, mainly by adhesion. Its specific material may include acrylic adhesive material, or other materials with adhesion properties, which is not limited in this embodiment; the shape of the heat absorption structure 4 can be in various forms, such as columnar, strip, or ring, that is, the shape of the heat absorption structure 4 is not limited in this embodiment; the heat absorption structure 4 can be set as a single body, or can be set in separate positions on the packaging glass 22, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0097] The adhesive structure 5 is provided between the heat absorbing structure 4 and the encapsulating glass 22 to provide a more stable installation point for the heat absorbing structure 4 and prevent the heat absorbing structure 4 from being separated from the heat conducting part 3 and disconnecting the heat conduction channel between the heat conducting part 3 .

[0098] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the material of the heat absorption structure 4 includes graphene.

[0099] The heat absorbing structure 4 serves as the heat dissipation structure 2 of the terminal, and its thermal radiation performance is of vital importance. Using graphene as the heat absorbing material can not only obtain higher thermal radiation performance, but also obtain higher thermal conductivity performance, that is, it can absorb the heat conducted from the heat conducting part 3 in time, and can also dissipate the heat absorbed by itself in time, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation capacity of the solar cell 100.

[0100] See also Figure 1 and Figure 5 According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the battery matrix 1 includes a glass substrate 11, a first charge transport layer 12, a perovskite light absorption layer 13, a second charge transport layer 14 and a metal electrode layer 15 arranged in sequence from the light incident surface 1a to the back surface 1b; the back surface 1b is formed on the metal electrode layer 15.

[0101] It should be noted that the first charge transport layer 12 and the second charge transport layer 14 may respectively include an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. For example, the electron transport layer is arranged between the glass substrate 11 and the perovskite light absorbing layer 13, and the hole transport layer is arranged between the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 and the metal electrode layer 15. For another example, the electron transport layer is arranged between the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 and the metal electrode layer 15, and the hole transport layer is arranged between the glass substrate 11 and the perovskite light absorbing layer 13.

[0102] Among them, the light incident surface 1a is formed on the glass substrate 11. After the incident light is incident through the glass substrate 11, photons with energy greater than the bandgap width are absorbed to generate excitons, and then the excitons are separated in the perovskite light absorption layer 13, becoming holes and electrons and injected into the first charge transport layer 12 and the second charge transport layer 14 respectively, and finally collected by the metal electrode layer 15 and the glass substrate 11 respectively, and current can be generated through the circuit of the metal electrode layer 15 and the glass substrate 11, thereby realizing the conversion of light energy into electrical energy.

[0103] In some specific embodiments, the solar cell 100 includes a cell substrate 1, a heat dissipation structure 2 and a heat absorption structure 4. The cell substrate 1 has a light incident surface 1a and a back surface 1b opposite to the light incident surface 1a; the heat dissipation structure 2 includes a heat dissipation layer 21 and an encapsulation glass 22. The heat dissipation layer 21 is coated on the back surface 1b. The material of the heat dissipation layer 21 includes at least one of aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide; the encapsulation glass 22 is arranged on the side of the heat dissipation layer 21 away from the back surface 1b, and the encapsulation glass 22 is provided with heat dissipation particles. The material of the heat dissipation particles includes graphene; a through hole 221 is opened on the encapsulation glass 22, and a heat conducting part 3 is embedded in the through hole 221, and the heat conducting part 3 is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer 21; a heat absorbing structure 4 is arranged on the side of the encapsulation glass 22 away from the heat dissipation layer 21, and is thermally connected to the heat conducting part 3, the heat conducting part 3 is extended to have an extension end 31 arranged away from the encapsulation glass 22, the heat absorbing structure 4 is arranged at the extension end 31, and an adhesive structure 5 is arranged between the heat absorbing structure 4 and the encapsulation glass 22, and the material of the heat absorbing structure 4 includes graphene.

[0104] By setting the heat dissipation layer 21, the heat generated by the battery substrate 1 can be gathered and absorbed, and the battery substrate 1 and the heat dissipation layer 21 are encapsulated by the encapsulation glass 22. On the one hand, a relatively sealed environment can be created for the battery substrate 1, which can prevent the decomposition products from overflowing from the system, thereby improving the service life of the battery substrate 1. On the other hand, since the encapsulation glass 22 is provided with heat dissipation particles made of graphene, it can itself play a heat dissipation role. At the same time, since the encapsulation glass 22 is provided with a through hole 221, and the through hole 221 is provided with a heat conducting part 3, the heat conducting part 3 is extended, and the heat absorbed and gathered by the heat dissipation part can be timely transferred away, thereby preventing the performance deterioration caused by the rapid heating of the battery substrate 1. At the same time, due to the heat absorption and heat dissipation of the heat absorption structure 4, the heat transmitted from the heat conducting part 3 can be timely gathered and dissipated, and finally the heat of the battery substrate 1 is continuously dissipated to the outside, thereby improving the heating efficiency and service life of the battery substrate 1.

[0105] It should be noted that in Figure 1 and Figure 5 In the figure, the glass substrate 11, the first charge transport layer 12, the perovskite light absorbing layer 13, the second charge transport layer 14, the metal electrode layer 15, the heat dissipation layer 21, the encapsulation glass 22 and other multi-layer structures are arranged in a decomposed manner to form gaps. This arrangement is intended to facilitate the ordinary technicians in this field to deepen the understanding of the present application scheme. In the actual structure, the two adjacent layer structures are connected and there is no gap.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: A battery substrate having a light incident surface and a back surface opposite to the light incident surface; as well as, The heat dissipation structure is arranged on the back side.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The heat dissipation structure comprises packaging glass, and the packaging glass is arranged on the back side.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The heat dissipation structure comprises a heat dissipation layer, and the heat dissipation layer is coated on the back side.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that The material of the heat dissipation layer includes at least one of aluminum nitride, mica, boron nitride, limestone, and beryllium oxide.

5. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation structure comprises packaging glass, and the packaging glass is arranged on a side of the heat dissipation layer away from the back side.

6. The solar cell according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that: Heat dissipation particles are arranged in the packaging glass.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that The material of the heat dissipation particles includes graphene.

8. The solar cell according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that: The packaging glass is provided with a through hole, and a heat conducting part is embedded in the through hole.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The heat dissipation structure comprises a heat dissipation layer coated between the back surface and the encapsulation glass, and the heat conduction portion is thermally connected to the heat dissipation layer.

10. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that In a direction away from the heat dissipation layer, the through hole is arranged to be tapered, and correspondingly, the cross section of the heat conducting portion gradually decreases.

11. The solar cell according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The through holes are provided in plurality, and correspondingly, the heat conducting parts are provided in plurality.

12. The solar cell according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The material of the heat conducting part includes at least one of copper and aluminum.

13. The solar cell according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises a heat absorption structure, which is arranged on a side of the packaging glass away from the cell substrate and is heat-conductingly connected to the heat-conducting part.

14. The solar cell according to claim 13, wherein: The heat conducting portion is extended to have an extended end away from the encapsulation glass; The heat absorption structure is arranged at the extending end.

15. The solar cell according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: An adhesive structure is provided between the heat absorption structure and the packaging glass.

16. The solar cell according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The material of the heat absorption structure includes graphene.

17. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The battery matrix includes a glass substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second charge transport layer and a metal electrode layer arranged in sequence from the light incident surface to the back surface; The back surface is formed on the metal electrode layer.

18. An electrical device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the solar cell is used to provide electrical energy.

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