Method for improving mechanical picking performance of famous high-quality tea and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea tree mechanical picking, and particularly relates to a method for improving the mechanical picking performance of famous high-quality tea and application. The method comprises the following steps that tea tree crowns with standing buds formed are pruned, gibberellin solution is used for spraying leaves on the crown surfaces of the tea trees twice after pruning, and the interval between the two times of spraying is 7-10 days. The method can advance the phenological period of the tea trees, improve the hundred-bud weight and germination density, enter the morning tea market in advance to a certain extent, and increase the income of tea farmers; meanwhile, the proportion of mechanical picking standard buds and leaves of the famous and high-quality tea can be remarkably increased, the breakage rate of fresh leaves of tea trees is remarkably reduced, mechanical picking of the famous and high-quality tea is achieved to a large extent, and the mechanical picking efficiency of the famous and high-quality tea is improved; the gibberellin used in the invention has the advantages of low concentration, easy absorption, no residue, and no potential quality safety hazard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machine picking of tea trees, and in particular relates to a method and application for improving the machine picking performance of high-quality tea. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the economy in the hilly areas, the public's demand for green, healthy, high-quality and high-quality tea is increasing. Under the current production model of high-quality tea, tea picking is still mainly done by hand, but the cost of manual picking is high, resulting in high prices for high-quality tea. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of high-quality tea, mechanized picking of high-quality tea should be carried out. Since high-quality tea requires tender buds and leaves, the picking standard is one bud and one leaf and one bud and two leaves, and the length of the bud tip is only 4 to 5 cm when picking. To achieve mechanized picking of high-quality tea, in addition to standardized and professional management of tea garden infrastructure and tea tree crown cultivation, the new shoots of tea trees must meet the requirements of machine picking, which has become a key limiting factor affecting tea machine picking and has become a bottleneck problem in the production of high-quality tea to achieve mechanical replacement or partial mechanization.

[0003] Due to the characteristics of the raw material requirements for high-quality tea, machine picking has very high requirements for the flatness of the tree crown and the uniformity of germination. The machine-picked raw materials from different tea gardens are of different sizes, uneven age, and the fresh leaf breakage rate is high. Cultivating technical standards and specifications for the tree crown of tea gardens suitable for machine picking of high-quality tea has become a key problem in the application and promotion of machine picking technology for high-quality tea. Therefore, it is particularly important to provide a method to improve the performance of machine picking of high-quality tea. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application for improving the performance of machine picking of high-quality tea, which can significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh tea leaves and increase the rate of standard buds and leaves picked by machine.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for improving the performance of high-quality tea machine picking, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The crown of the tea tree that has formed buds is pruned, and after pruning, the leaves on the crown of the tea tree are sprayed twice with gibberellin solution, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between the two sprayings.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the tea tree includes Zhongcha 108, Zhenong 113 or Echa 1.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the pruning method is to cut off 5 to 10 cm of leaves from the crown of the tea tree to make the crown of the tea tree level.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the number of days after pruning is 2 to 4 days.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is not less than 25 mg / L.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the preparation method of the gibberellin solution is to dissolve the gibberellin with 96% alcohol and then make up the volume with water to obtain the gibberellin solution;

[0012] The mass volume ratio of the gibberellin to 96% alcohol is 10 mg:0.1 mL.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the spraying amount is every 4 to 5 m 2 Spray 1L of the gibberellin solution on the crown surface.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the spraying is carried out after 3 pm when the weather is clear and windless.

[0015] As a preferred solution, if it rains within 3 days after the spraying, spraying needs to be repeated using the same method and dosage.

[0016] The invention also provides application of the method in improving the quality of tea leaves.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for improving the performance of high-quality tea machine picking, the method comprising the following steps: pruning the crown of a tea tree that has formed buds, spraying the leaves of the tea tree crown twice with a gibberellin solution after pruning, and the interval between the two sprayings is 7 to 10 days. The method of the present invention can advance the phenological period of tea trees, increase the weight of 100 buds and the germination density, and can enter the early tea market in advance to a certain extent, increasing the income of tea farmers; at the same time, it can significantly increase the proportion of standard buds and leaves of high-quality tea machine picking, significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh tea leaves, realize the mechanization of picking high-quality tea to a large extent, and improve the efficiency of machine picking of high-quality tea; and the gibberellin used in the present invention has a low concentration, is easy to absorb, has no residue, and has no quality and safety risks.

[0018] The embodiments show that the method of the present invention can advance the phenological period of tea trees, make the new shoots of tea trees germinate 2 to 4 days in advance, increase the 100 bud weight by 3.86% to 17.05%, increase the germination density by 8.47% to 32.17%, and increase the length of the lowest internode of tea varieties. The new shoots of tea trees germinate neatly, which is convenient for mechanized or manual picking, and can enter the morning tea market in advance to a certain extent, thereby increasing the income of tea farmers. The method of the present invention can significantly increase the proportion of standard buds and leaves of famous and high-quality tea picked by machine by 7.53% to 48.11%, significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh leaves of tea trees by 6.04% to 46.65%, realize the mechanization of picking of famous and high-quality tea to a large extent, greatly alleviate the current situation of insufficient labor, and improve the efficiency of machine picking and mechanism of famous and high-quality tea. The gibberellin used in the present invention is a natural endogenous hormone of tea trees, which can effectively promote the growth of internodes of tea trees, meet the mechanical damage of buds and leaves caused by blade cutting during machine picking, and has low concentration, easy absorption, no residue, and no quality and safety risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 This is the change diagram of the length of the lowest internode of the new shoots of ZC108 tea tree;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the change chart of the length of the lowest internode of the new shoots of ZN113 tea trees;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the changes in the length of the lowest internode of new shoots of EC1 tea trees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a method for improving the performance of high-quality tea machine picking, comprising the following steps:

[0024] The canopy of the tea tree that has formed buds is pruned, and after pruning, the canopy leaves of the tea tree are sprayed twice with a gibberellin solution, and the interval between the two sprayings is 7 to 10 days. As a specific embodiment, the interval between the two sprayings can be 7 days, 8 days, 9 days or 10 days.

[0025] In the present embodiment, the tea tree is Zhongcha 108 (English name: ZC108) (Zhang X, Xia Y, Li S, et al. The arginine decarboxylase gene CsADC1, associated with the polyamine pathway, plays an important role in tea cold tolerance [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2023, 214. DOI: 10.1016 / j.envexpbot.2023.105473.), Zhejiang Agricultural 113 (English name ZN113) (Bi Caihong, Fan Kaiye, Shen Lingyan, et al. Identification and evaluation of cold resistance of 8 asexual tea varieties [J]. Tea, 2014, 40(3): 2. DOI: 10.3969 / j.issn.0577-8921.2014.03.004.) or EC1 (English name EC1) (Chen Xun, Jia Shangzhi, Min Caiyun, et al. Demonstration and promotion of new tea variety EC1 [J]. Tea Newsletter, 2011, 38(003): 32-33. DOI: 10.3969 / j.issn.1009-525X.2011.03.010.).

[0026] The pruning method of the present invention is to cut off leaves of 5 to 10 cm on the crown of the tea tree to make the crown of the tea tree level; as a specific implementation method, the pruning length of the crown of the tea tree can be 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm or 10 cm. The purpose of the pruning of the present invention is to make the crown of the tea tree level and facilitate the germination of axillary buds.

[0027] The number of days after pruning described in the present invention is 2 to 4 days; as a specific implementation manner, the number of days after pruning can be 2 days, 3 days or 4 days.

[0028] The concentration of the gibberellin solution of the present invention is not less than 25 mg / L. As a specific embodiment, the concentration of the gibberellin solution can be 25 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 35 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 45 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 55 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 65 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 75 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 85 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 95 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 105mg / L, 110mg / L, 115mg / L, 120mg / L, 125mg / L, 130mg / L, 135mg / L, 140mg / L, 145mg / L, 150mg / L, 155mg / L, 160mg / L, 165mg / L, 170mg / L, 175mg / L, 180mg / L, 185mg / L, 190mg / L, 195mg / L or 200mg / L. As a specific embodiment, the machine-picked standard bud and leaf rate and the complete bud and leaf rate of the three tea varieties ZC108, ZN113 and EC1 are positively correlated with the spraying concentration of exogenous gibberellin; the fresh leaf breakage rate of the three tea varieties is negatively correlated with the spraying concentration of exogenous gibberellin. As a specific embodiment, when the concentration of the gibberellin is 50 mg / L and 100 mg / L, the phenological period of the tea tree can be advanced, which is conducive to the early mechanical harvesting of the tea tree. When the gibberellin concentration is 100 mg / L, the effect of advancing the phenological period of the tea tree is more obvious. As a specific embodiment, the gibberellin concentrations of 50 mg / L and 100 mg / L can increase the length of the lowest internode of the new shoots of the tea tree, and the increase effect is better when the concentration is 100 mg / L.

[0029] The preparation method of the gibberellin solution of the present invention comprises dissolving gibberellin (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd., item number: G8910) with 96% alcohol, and then fixing the volume with water to obtain the gibberellin solution;

[0030] The mass volume ratio of the gibberellin to 96% alcohol is 10 mg:0.1 mL.

[0031] The spraying amount of the present invention is 4 to 5 m 21L of the gibberellin solution is sprayed on the crown surface; as a specific embodiment, the crown surface sprayed with 1L of the gibberellin solution can be 4.0m 2 , 4.1m 2 , 4.2m 2 , 4.3m 2 , 4.4m 2 , 4.5m 2 , 4.6m 2 , 4.7m 2 , 4.8m 2 , 4.9m 2 or 5.0m 2 The spraying amount of the present invention is controlled to make the solution on the canopy and leaves of the tea tree appear to be dripping.

[0032] The spraying of the present invention is carried out after 3 pm, when the weather is clear and windless, and the sunlight is not strong.

[0033] If it rains within 3 days after the spraying of the present invention, it is necessary to spray again using the same method and dosage.

[0034] The invention also provides application of the method in improving the quality of tea leaves.

[0035] The method of the invention can advance the phenological period of tea trees, make the new shoots of tea trees germinate 2 to 4 days in advance, increase the hundred bud weight by 3.86% to 17.05%, increase the germination density by 8.47% to 32.17%, and increase the length of the lowest internode of tea varieties. The new shoots of tea trees germinate neatly, which is convenient for mechanized or manual picking, and can enter the morning tea market in advance to a certain extent, thereby increasing the income of tea farmers. The method of the invention can significantly increase the proportion of standard buds and leaves of famous and high-quality tea picked by machine by 7.53% to 48.11%, significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh leaves of tea trees by 6.04% to 46.65%, realize the mechanization of picking of famous and high-quality tea to a large extent, greatly alleviate the current situation of insufficient labor, and improve the machine picking and mechanism efficiency of famous and high-quality tea. The gibberellin used in the invention is a natural endogenous hormone of tea trees, which can effectively promote the growth of internodes of tea trees, meet the mechanical damage of buds and leaves caused by blade cutting during machine picking, and has low concentration, easy absorption, no residue, and no quality and safety hazards.

[0036] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for improving the mechanical harvesting performance of tea trees and its application provided by the present invention are described in detail below in combination with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special requirements for the preparation raw materials, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0038] Example

[0039] In the Jingtingshan tea farm of Anhui Wanken Group, three tea varieties were selected: Zhongcha 108 (English name: ZC108) (ZhangX, Xia Y, Li S, et al. The arginine decarboxylase gene CsADC1, associated with the polyamine pathway, plays an important role in tea cold to lerance [J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2023, 214. DOI: 10.1016 / j.envexpbot.2023.105473.), Zhe Nong 113 (English name: ZN113) (Bi Caihong, Fan Kaiye, Shen Lingyan, et al. Identification and evaluation of cold resistance of eight asexual tea varieties [J]. Tea, 2014, 40(3): 2. DOI: 10.3969 / j.issn.0577-8921.2014.03.004.) , EC1 (Chen Xun, Jia Shangzhi, Min Caiyun, et al. Demonstration and promotion of new tea variety EC1 [J]. Tea Newsletter, 2011, 38(003): 32-33. DOI: 10.3969 / j.issn.1009-525X.2011.03.010.) were used as the objects, and three concentrations of gibberellin solution were sprayed: 0mg / L (clear water control), 50mg / L, and 100mg / L gibberellin concentrations were sprayed. Each treatment was divided into 3 tea tree plots.

[0040] Method for preparing different concentrations of gibberellin (Beijing Solebow Technology Co., Ltd., catalog number: G8910) Method: 100 mg / L GA3 solution: Weigh 100 mg of white gibberellin-GA3 powder, dissolve it in 1 mL of 96% alcohol, and dilute to 1 L with purified water to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / L GA3 solution. 50 mg / L GA3 solution: Weigh 50 mg of white gibberellin-GA3 powder, dissolve it in 0.5 mL of 96% alcohol, and dilute to 1 L with purified water to obtain a final concentration of 50 mg / L GA3 solution.

[0041] Spraying method: Prune the crown of tea trees that have formed buds, and cut off 8cm of leaves to make the crown of the tea trees flat and conducive to the germination of axillary buds. Three days after pruning, use 100mg / L (50mg / L or water) GA3 solution to spray the crown and leaves of the tea trees. The spraying time is 4 pm, the weather is clear and windless, and the sunlight is not strong. The dosage is 4.5m 2Spray 1L of solution on the crown surface until the solution on the leaves of the tea tree crown surface is dripping. The first spraying was carried out on the 3rd day after pruning, and there was no rain within 3 days after the spraying; 9 days after the first spraying, the second spraying experiment was carried out, and there was no rain within 3 days after the second spraying.

[0042] When the proportion of new tea shoots with one bud and two leaves or one bud and three leaves is relatively high (the proportion of one bud and two leaves or one bud and three leaves is ≥ 60%), the spring tea trees will be harvested by machine on April 10, the summer tea trees will be harvested by machine on August 2, and the autumn tea trees will be harvested by machine on September 24. Each plot will be repeated three times, with each harvesting time of 1m 2 On the crown surface, 100g of fresh leaves were randomly grabbed and weighed, and the fresh leaves were classified into single bud, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves, one bud and three leaves, one bud and four leaves, one bud and five leaves, broken leaves, and old piles according to the bud and leaf standards, and single bud, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves, one bud and three leaves, and one bud and four leaves were merged into complete buds and leaves. The standard buds and leaves are the sum of one bud and two leaves and one bud and three leaves. Then the ratio of the mass of complete buds and leaves, standard buds and leaves, and broken leaves to the total mass was used to obtain the machine-picked complete bud and leaf rate, machine-picked standard bud and leaf rate, and machine-picked fresh leaf broken rate.

[0043] Table 1 Results of machine-harvesting tea trees in spring (%)

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Standard buds and leaves and complete buds and leaves are the main targets of machine harvesting of tea trees. The standard bud and leaf ratio can reflect the uniformity of machine-picked fresh leaves, and the complete bud and leaf ratio can reflect the available ratio of machine-picked fresh leaves. Both are the primary factors for judging whether tea trees are suitable for machine harvesting. The quality results of spring tea machine harvesting are shown in Table 1. There are differences in the standard bud and leaf ratio and the complete bud and leaf ratio among different varieties and groups. The standard bud and leaf rate and the complete bud and leaf rate of the three tea varieties were positively correlated with the concentration of exogenous gibberellin spraying. For the standard bud and leaf rate, the CK group of ZC108, ZN113, and EC1 varieties had the lowest standard bud and leaf rate, and the GA3-100 group had the highest standard bud and leaf rate, which were 14.50%, 35.50%, and 28.60% higher than those of the CK group, respectively, and all of them were significantly different from the CK group. As for the complete bud and leaf rate of machine picking, the GA3-100 group of each variety had the highest complete bud and leaf rate, and the CK group had the lowest complete bud and leaf rate. The GA3-100 treatment groups of ZN113 and EC1 varieties increased their complete bud and leaf rates by 21.78% and 13.77% respectively compared with the CK group, and there were significant differences. The complete bud and leaf rate of ZC108 variety GA3-100 increased by 6.09% compared with the CK group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The machine picking and breaking rate of tea trees can also reflect the effect of machine picking. The fresh leaf breaking rate of ZC108, ZN113, and EC1 varieties decreased in the groups sprayed with gibberellins (GA3-50, GA3-100). The GA3-100 treatment groups of each variety had the lowest breaking rate, which decreased by 15.48%, 36.70%, and 36.32% respectively compared with the fresh leaf breaking rate of each variety CK group, and there were significant differences. This indicates that exogenous gibberellin treatment can improve the machine-harvesting performance of tea trees.

[0047] Table 2 Results of machine-harvesting tea trees in summer (%)

[0048]

[0049] The results of machine-harvesting tea trees in summer are shown in Table 2. The standard bud and leaf rate of each variety was the lowest in the CK group. The standard bud and leaf rate of the GA3-100 treatment group of ZN113 and EC1 varieties was the highest, which was 52.34% and 48.11% higher than that of the CK group, respectively, and there were significant differences with the CK group; the standard bud and leaf rate of the GA3-50 treatment group of ZC108 variety was the highest, followed by the GA3-100 treatment group, which was 34.69% and 31.51% higher than that of the CK group, respectively, and there were significant differences with the CK group. The machine-harvested complete bud and leaf rate of each variety of tea trees was also the lowest in the CK group, and the GA3-100 treatment group was the highest, and the complete rate showed a positive correlation with the concentration of exogenous sprayed gibberellin. The complete bud and leaf rate of each variety of GA3-100 treatment group was 10.54%, 22.40%, and 29.28% higher than that of the CK group, respectively, and there were significant differences. The fresh leaf breakage rate of each variety showed a negative correlation with the exogenous gibberellin concentration. The CK group of ZC108, ZN113, and EC1 varieties had the highest breakage rate, and the GA3-100 treatment group had the lowest breakage rate, which was 45.56%, 32.65%, and 46.65% lower than the CK group, respectively, and there were significant differences. The results of machine harvesting of tea trees in summer also showed that exogenous gibberellin treatment can improve the machine harvesting performance of tea trees.

[0050] Table 3 Results of machine-harvesting tea trees in autumn (%)

[0051]

[0052] The results of machine-harvesting tea trees in autumn are shown in Table 3. The trends of standard bud and leaf rates and fresh leaf breakage rates of tea trees of various varieties are similar to those of spring and summer tea machine-harvesting, and all show an increasing trend with the increase of exogenous gibberellin concentration; the fresh leaf breakage rate shows a decreasing trend with the increase of exogenous gibberellin concentration. For the standard bud and leaf rate, the CK group has the lowest proportion, and the GA3-100 treatment group has the highest proportion, which is 25.89%, 29.74%, and 29.69% higher than the CK group, respectively, and there are significant differences. For the complete bud and leaf rate, the ZC108, ZN113, and EC1 tea varieties have increased by 18.74%, 20.18%, and 20.35% respectively compared with the CK group, and there are significant differences. The fresh leaf breakage rate of ZN113 and EC1 tea varieties was the lowest in the GA3-100 treatment group, which was 34.40% and 31.59% lower than the CK group, respectively, and there was a significant difference with the CK group. The fresh leaf breakage rate of ZC108 variety GA3-50 treatment group was the lowest, followed by GA3-100 treatment group, which was 30.25% and 24.75% lower than the CK group, respectively, and there was a significant difference with the CK group. The results of machine harvesting of tea trees in autumn also showed that exogenous gibberellin treatment can improve the performance of machine harvesting of tea trees.

[0053] The results of the statistics of the complete bud and leaf rate, standard bud and leaf rate, and fresh leaf breakage rate of three tea trees showed that exogenous gibberellin treatment can significantly increase the proportion of standard bud and leaf picked by machine for high-quality tea by 7.53% to 48.11%, and significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh tea leaves by 6.04% to 46.65%, thus realizing the mechanization of picking high-quality tea to a large extent, greatly alleviating the current situation of labor shortage, and improving the efficiency of machine picking and mechanism of high-quality tea.

[0054] Table 4 Effects of different concentrations of GA3 on the phenological periods of different tea varieties

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Phenological period is an important and indispensable indicator for studying the growth and development of tea seedlings. It can reflect the early and late appearance of each developmental stage of tea seedlings, and can provide theoretical guidance for the picking period, fertilization period, and pest and disease control of tea gardens. After the tea trees were treated with different concentrations of gibberellins, the phenological periods of fish leaves, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves, one bud and three leaves, one bud and four leaves, and one bud and five leaves of three varieties of tea trees were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 4. For the Zhongcha 108 variety, the phenological period of GA3-100 and GA3-50 treatments was earlier than that of CK. The GA3-100 treatment group made the new shoots reach the one bud and four leaves stage two days earlier than the CK experimental group, and the one bud and five leaves stage could be reached about 4 days earlier. The GA3-100 treatment group advanced the phenological period more significantly, and the new shoots reached the stage of one bud and two leaves, one bud and three leaves, one bud and four leaves, and one bud and five leaves, which was about 2 days, 2 days, 2 days, and 4 days earlier than the CK treatment, indicating that the GA3-100 treatment had a better effect of advancing the phenological period than the GA3-50 treatment. For the Zhe Nong 113 variety, the GA3-50 and GA3-100 treatment groups could achieve the effect of advancing the phenological period of the tea tree at the stage of one bud and one leaf, and the GA3-100 treatment group had a more obvious effect of advancing the tea tree to the stage of one bud and two leaves, one bud and three leaves, one bud and four leaves, and one bud and five leaves. The Hubei Tea No. 1 variety also achieved a similar effect of advancing the phenological period of the two tea trees after spraying gibberellin GA3. Similarly, both GA3-50 and GA3-100 treatment groups can advance the phenological period of tea trees, which is conducive to early machine harvesting of tea trees. Among them, the effect of GA3-100 treatment group on advancing the phenological period of tea trees is more obvious. This shows that exogenous gibberellin treatment can advance the phenological period of tea trees and make the new shoots of tea trees germinate 2 to 4 days earlier, which can enter the early tea market earlier to a certain extent and increase the income of tea farmers.

[0058] Table 5 One bud, two leaves, 100 bud weight (g)

[0059] ZC108 EC1 ZN113 CK 21.06±1.01b 25.40±0.06b 25.39±1.13b <![CDATA[GA3-50]]> 25.01±0.74a 27.00±0.35a 26.27±1.62a <![CDATA[GA3-100]]> 23.39±0.76ab 27.55±0.61a 29.72±0.79a

[0060] Table 6 Germination density (pieces / 0.11m 2 )

[0061] ZC108 EC1 ZN113 CK 84.56±5.66a 76.00±0.33b 72.89±3.27c <![CDATA[GA3-50]]> 94.67±3.50a 82.44±1.25ab 84.22±3.76b <![CDATA[GA3-100]]> 97.78±7.50a 90.22±4.51a 96.34±2.12a

[0062] The 100 bud weight and germination density of fresh leaves of tea trees are important factors affecting the yield of tea trees and the economic benefits of tea gardens. We collected 100 buds and two leaves of tea trees of different varieties and treated with different concentrations of gibberellins, and counted the 100 bud weights of one bud and two leaves. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The 100 bud weights of one bud and two leaves are shown in Table 5. The results show that the growth state of the new shoots in the tea garden under the spraying of different concentrations of gibberellins is significantly better than that of the control group. The tea shoots in the GA3-50 and GA3-100 treatment groups are more and grow more vigorously. Statistics show that the same area (0.11m2) of tea trees treated with different concentrations of gibberellins. 2 ) in the buds, as shown in Table 6, the 100 bud weight of ZC108 GA3-100 treatment group increased by 11% compared with the CK group, but the difference was not obvious; the 100 bud weight of ZN113 GA3-100 treatment group was the largest, which was 17.1% higher than that of the CK group, and there was a significant difference between the CK group; the 100 bud weight of EC1 GA3-100 treatment group was the largest, which was 8.5% higher than that of the CK group, and there was also a significant difference between the CK group. The results of the 100 bud weight and germination density of fresh tea leaves showed that exogenous gibberellin treatment of tea trees can increase the 100 bud weight by 3.86% to 17.05% and the germination density by 8.47% to 32.17%. Exogenous gibberellin can increase the yield of tea leaves and make the new shoots of tea trees sprout neatly, which is convenient for mechanized or manual picking.

[0063] Table 7ZC108 lowest internode length (cm)

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Table 8ZN113 lowest internode length (cm)

[0067] Survey date / day CK <![CDATA[GA3-50]]> <![CDATA[GA3-100]]> 0 0.1 0.21 0.28 2 0.26 0.27 0.28 4 0.29 0.37 0.41 6 0.35 0.55 0.52 8 0.48 0.72 0.72 10 0.53 0.8 0.83 12 0.64 0.91 0.99 14 0.69 1.09 1.13 16 0.94 1.33 1.39 18 1.23 1.63 1.69 20 1.59 1.83 1.91 22 1.95 2.03 2.13 24 1.99 2.1 2.18 26 2.04 2.17 2.24

[0068] Table 9EC1 The length of the lowest internode (cm)

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] like Figure 1As shown in Tables 7 to 9, the length of the lowest internode of the three tea varieties was analyzed. During the entire investigation period, the length of the lowest internode of the three tea varieties in the GA3-50 and GA3-100 treatment groups was increased compared with the CK group, and the increase effect of the GA3-100 treatment group was better. The results show that exogenous gibberellin treatment of tea trees can increase the length of the lowest internode of tea varieties, which is conducive to mechanical picking.

[0072] Through the test of the canopy technology of high-quality tea harvested by machine at the Xuancheng base of Anhui Reclamation Group, compared with the traditional manual hand-picking, taking the improved single-person machine picking as an example, two people per machine, 10 hours of picking per day, each single machine picks 400kg of fresh leaves per day (the qualified rate of fresh leaves is 50%), and the daily wage of each person is 200 yuan. The depreciation of the machine, unleaded gasoline (electricity and battery loss) and other costs are calculated at 50 yuan / day, and the cost of picking each kilogram of high-quality tea leaves is only 2.25 yuan. For hand-picked tea, according to the pickers working 10 hours a day, picking an average of 3kg of high-quality tea leaves with 1 bud and 1-2 leaves (the qualified rate is 100%), the daily wage of each person is 120 yuan, and other expenses are 30 yuan / day / person, and the cost of picking each kilogram of fresh leaves is 50 yuan. The cost of hand-picking is 22 times that of machine-picked tea. Each acre of tea garden produces 200 kg of fresh leaves of high-quality tea and 40 kg of dry tea, with an average unit price of 300 yuan / kg. Taking into account the comprehensive consideration, the transformation of hand-picked tea gardens into machine-picked tea gardens requires an additional cost of about 500 yuan / acre. Ultimately, compared with manual picking, machine-picked tea gardens can save 1,250 yuan per acre, which has significant economic and social benefits of saving costs, increasing efficiency, and alleviating labor shortages.

[0073] It can be seen that the method of the present invention can advance the phenological period of tea trees, increase the 100-bud weight and germination density, and can enter the morning tea market in advance to a certain extent, thereby increasing the income of tea farmers; at the same time, it can significantly increase the proportion of standard buds and leaves of high-quality tea picked by machine, significantly reduce the breakage rate of fresh leaves of tea trees, realize the mechanization of picking high-quality tea to a large extent, and improve the machine picking efficiency of high-quality tea; and the gibberellin used in the present invention has low concentration, is easy to absorb, has no residue, and has no quality and safety risks.

[0074] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the performance of high-quality tea machine picking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The crown of the tea tree that has formed buds is pruned, and after pruning, the leaves on the crown of the tea tree are sprayed twice with gibberellin solution, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between the two sprayings.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The tea trees include Zhongcha 108, Zhenong 113 or Echa 1.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The pruning method comprises cutting off leaves 5 to 10 cm from the crown surface of the tea tree to make the crown surface of the tea tree level.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of days after pruning is 2 to 4 days.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The concentration of the gibberellin solution is not less than 25 mg / L.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the gibberellin solution is as follows: dissolving gibberellin with 96% alcohol and then making up to volume with water to obtain the gibberellin solution; The mass volume ratio of the gibberellin to 96% alcohol is 10 mg:0.1 mL.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The spraying amount is every 4-5m 2 Spray 1L of the gibberellin solution on the crown surface.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The spraying is carried out after 3 pm when the weather is clear and windless.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that If it rains within 3 days after the spraying, spraying needs to be repeated using the same method and dosage.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in improving the quality of tea leaves.

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