Planting method for promoting nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by interplanting mung bean and soybean

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of interplanting mung bean soybean and promotes the planting method of sugarcane nitrogen fixation efficiency, it is related to sugarcane cultivation technical field, method is as follows: (1) planting new sugarcane;(2) sugarcane row interplanting 2 rows of mung bean or soybean;(3) ratoon cane land continues to interplant mung bean or soybean.The application uses one row of intercropping leguminous crops for pressing green, and one row for returning to field, which can reduce the fertilizer amount by 50%, and can achieve the yield of sugarcane under the condition of conventional fertilization without affecting the yield and plant height, stem diameter characteristics of sugarcane.Not only can it reduce fertilization, but also reasonably intercrop mung bean or soybean, improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane itself, but also improve the podding amount and quality of mung bean or soybean, prevent flower and pod shedding, effectively promote mung bean plumpness, and increase its yield.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method for promoting nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by interplanting mung beans and soybeans. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop and energy crop, with long growth period, large biomass and large fertilizer demand, among which the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. Due to long-term and large amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, soil nutrition imbalance, soil acidification and compaction, and low nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane have been caused. Most of the nitrogen fertilizer is volatilized, leached and adsorbed by soil, resulting in farmland pollution, high production cost of sugarcane and lack of international competitiveness. The sugarcane plant is tall and the cultivation row spacing is large. From planting (or ratooning sugarcane ridge loosening) to jointing and row closing, it takes 4-6 months, which is suitable for intercropping with some crops with short growth period. The intercropping of mung beans or soybeans with sugarcane can improve soil fertility and is conducive to realizing sustainable high yield and stable yield. Some rhizobium bacteria that proliferate by nodulation with legumes may be released into the soil after the rhizobium bacteria are aged and then enter the intercropped sugarcane to fix nitrogen. High nitrogen level in the field inhibits the nodulation symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium bacteria with legumes and also inhibits the associative nitrogen fixation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with sugarcane, thereby reducing the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. Under the condition of moderate nitrogen fertilizer, the sugarcane root system can absorb the nitrogen in the rhizosphere of the intercropped legumes, thereby utilizing the nitrogen produced by the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes and rhizobium bacteria and relieving the 'nitrogen repression' of the nodulation nitrogen fixation of rhizobium bacteria, improving the symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobium bacteria and reducing the use amount of nitrogen fertilizer (without using nitrogen fertilizer). How to provide a method for reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, intercropping legumes to induce sugarcane biological nitrogen fixation and thereby improving the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane, while not affecting the growth and development of legumes has become a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a planting method for promoting nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by interplanting mung beans and soybeans, a method for interplanting legumes to induce sugarcane biological nitrogen fixation and thereby improving the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane. The intercropped legumes are used for green pressing in one row and for returning to the field in one row, which can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 50% and simultaneously harvest one more season of high-yield mung beans or soybeans with plump grains. The method can provide technical support for realizing the biological nitrogen fixation characteristics of sugarcane and reducing the amount of fertilizer in sugarcane production. The specific technical solutions are as follows.

[0004] A planting method for promoting nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane by interplanting mung beans and soybeans, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Sugarcane planting

[0006] 1.1) Soil preparation, deep plowing and soil turning, soil deep plowing 40-45 cm, and setting sugarcane row spacing to 1.05-1.35 m;

[0007] 1.2) Selecting sugarcane seeds, cutting the sugarcane seeds into double bud segments, disinfecting the sugarcane seeds, and sowing in early February to early March;

[0008] 1.3) After the emergence of sugarcane, applying urea 140-160 kg / hm 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate 720-780 kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 350-400 kg / hm 2 , covering the soil with 5 cm after fertilization; New sugarcane is sprayed with sodium molybdate on the 50th, 60th and 70th day after sowing, and the spraying amount is 140-155 g / hm 2 ; 2-3 times of old leaf and dead leaf removal in August-October; At the same time, according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests, timely spraying for prevention and control;

[0009] 1.4) When the sugarcane grows 3-5 leaves, sow 2 rows of legume plants, which are mung beans or soybeans;

[0010] 1.5) New sugarcane is harvested, and the sugarcane is cut in late January to mid-February of the next year;

[0011] (2) Mung bean planting

[0012] 2.1) Land preparation, deep plowing, soil deep plowing 40-45 cm, fine harrowing, preventing hardening, upper virtual lower real, facilitating emergence, dividing 2 rows of legume planting rows in the sugarcane row, the legume planting row distance is 25-35 cm, the legume planting hole distance is 15-25 cm, and the legume planting row distance is 40-50 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0013] 2.2) When the sugarcane grows 3-5 leaves, sow mung beans, apply organic fertilizer before sowing, and the application amount is 100-120 kg / hm 2 ;

[0014] 2.3) During the flower and pod stage of mung beans, apply root drench liquid, apply 1 time every 2 days, and each time apply 30-50 m 3 / acre;

[0015] 2.4) During the flower and pod stage of mung beans, combine with sugarcane deep plowing to crush green and return to field, plow 12-15 cm, and do good field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and prevent weeds and pests and diseases, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root system and strong aboveground stem and leaf of sugarcane, and make sugarcane form row as soon as possible;

[0016] 2.5) After the maturity of mung beans, harvest in time;

[0017] The mung beans are used for crushing green in one row and harvesting in one row;

[0018] (3) Soybean planting

[0019] 3.1) ploughing, deep ploughing, ploughing to a depth of 40-45 cm, fine harrowing, preventing compaction, being loose on top and solid on the bottom, facilitating emergence, dividing 2 rows of legume planting rows in the sugarcane rows, the legume planting row distance being 30 cm, the legume planting hole distance being 20 cm, the legume planting row distance from the sugarcane planting row being 45 cm;

[0020] 3.2) sowing soybeans when the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, applying organic fertilizer before sowing, the application amount being 100-120 kg / hm 2 ;

[0021] 3.3) applying root drenching liquid during the flowering and podding period of the soybeans, applying 1-2 times every 2-3 days, 40-60 m 3 / acre each time;

[0022] 3.4) crushing and returning the soybean plants to the field during the heavy soil cultivation of the sugarcane during the flowering and podding period of the soybeans, crushing the soybean plants and returning them to the field using a sugarcane soil cultivator, cultivating to a depth of 12-15 cm; and performing good field management, ensuring appropriate soil moisture and preventing weeds and pests and diseases, promoting early growth of the sugarcane, promoting the formation of strong root systems and strong aboveground stems and leaves of the sugarcane, and causing the sugarcane to form a row as soon as possible;

[0023] 3.5) harvesting the soybeans in a timely manner after the soybeans have matured;

[0024] the soybeans being used for crushing in one row and for harvesting in one row;

[0025] (4) continuing to interplant green beans or soybeans in the ratoon sugarcane field

[0026] collecting the sugarcane leaves after the sugarcane is cut and harvested, burning the sugarcane leaves to make sugarcane leaf charcoal for use, ploughing the legume planting rows, breaking the ratoon ridges and loosening the ratoon stubble, sowing 2 rows of green beans or soybeans while breaking the ratoon ridges and loosening the ratoon stubble, and performing foliar spraying of sodium molybdate on the ratoon sugarcane 40 d, 50 d and 60 d after the ratoon ridges are broken and loosened, the spraying amount being 150 g / hm 2 , the planting method of the green beans or soybeans being the same as the planting method of the green beans or soybeans in the newly planted sugarcane field.

[0027] Preferably, the root drenching liquid comprises, by weight: 0.2-0.3 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of quinolinol copper, 0.05-0.2 parts of catechin, 1-1.5 parts of alginic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 200-300 parts of water.

[0028] Further preferably, the root drenching liquid comprises, by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinolinol copper, 0.1 parts of catechin, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water.

[0029] Preferably, the method for disinfecting the seed cane in step 1.2) is soaking the seed cane in 1-2% lime water for 8-12 h.

[0030] Preferably, in the step 3.2), when the weather is humid and rainy during the sowing period, the mung bean or soybean seeds are sowed after being coated with the seed coating liquid, 0.3-0.5 kg of the seed coating liquid is used per 100 kg of seeds to prevent and control gray spot, spot blight, downy mildew and other fungal diseases.

[0031] Preferably, the seed coating liquid comprises, by weight percentage: carbendazim 6-10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5%, chitosan 2-5%, alfalfa extract 0.5-2%, sodium alginate 1-3%, and water 78.5-84%.

[0032] Preferably, the sugarcane is RB928064, and the legume plant is mung bean.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0034] 1. Compared with the conventional fertilization (300 kg / hm 2 urea) method, under the condition of reducing the fertilization amount by 50% (150 kg / hm 2 urea), the plant height, stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of the newly planted sugarcane and the ratoon sugarcane are not affected, and the yield of the sugarcane has little difference; the intercropping of mung bean / soybean does not affect the stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of the newly planted sugarcane and the ratoon sugarcane. 2 Under the condition of 150 kg / hm 2 urea, the yield of the sugarcane RB928064 intercropped with mung bean is increased, and the plant height of the ratoon cane is significantly increased at the 5% level, the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the newly planted cane and the ratoon cane reaches 16.19% and 16.22%, respectively, and the difference is significant at the 5% confidence level. The present application can reduce fertilization and reasonably intercrop mung bean / soybean, and improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the sugarcane itself, without the need for mid-season topdressing.

[0035] 2. The present application applies the root irrigation liquid every 2 days, 30-50 m3 / acre each time during the flower and pod stage, which not only supplies balanced and abundant nutrients for the growth of the mung bean plant, but also promotes the continuous growth and elongation of the old roots, and promotes the new growth and development of the new roots, thereby effectively enhancing the ability of the root system to absorb nutrients, promoting the growth of the mung bean plant, and enhancing the plant vigor. Borax can promote the internode elongation of the sugarcane, and has a positive effect on the yield and quality of the sugarcane; quinolinol copper can directly act on the pathogenic bacteria around the root system, protecting the root system of the sugarcane from being invaded by diseases, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the sugarcane. The compounding of catechin, alginic acid and naphthoxyacetic acid can induce the mung bean or soybean to bloom, prevent the shedding of flowers and pods, make the mung bean or soybean plant grow vigorously, and have more number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria; although the flower and pod stage is the peak period of water demand, too much water will also aggravate the root diseases, cause rotten roots and dead seedlings, and the plant grows poorly, appears early senescence, and the flowers and pods shed, therefore, the frequency of applying the root irrigation liquid is controlled to 1-2 times every 2-3 days, and the optimal amount of water applied each time is 30-50 m3 / acre

[0036] 3. When the weather is humid and rainy during the sowing period of mung beans or soybeans, the seeds are prone to breed bacteria. After the seeds are mixed with the seed dressing liquid, the seed dressing liquid can effectively prevent fungal diseases such as gray spot, bacterial spot, and downy mildew. The sodium alginate and chitosan can also form a protective film on the surface of the seeds to prevent the invasion of bacteria. Meanwhile, the extract of Astragalus membranaceus can assist in antibiosis and stimulate seed germination and seedling growth and development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0038] The test of the present application was carried out in Dalu Village, Wuyuan County, Guangxi. Single cropping and intercropping mung beans and soybeans were used as main zones, different nitrogen fertilizer levels were used as sub-zones, each zone had 6 rows of sugarcane with a row length of 6 m; the sugarcane varieties were selected from Guitang No. 11 and Guitang No. 42 and RB928064, the mung bean variety was Zhonglv No. 8, and the soybean variety was Guichun No. 8. Two nitrogen application levels were set: 300 kg / hm 2 urea, 150 kg / hm 2 urea; the basic physicochemical properties of the test site soil were as follows: total nitrogen 1326 mg / kg (w), total phosphorus 585 mg / kg (w), total potassium 961 mg / kg (w), organic matter 26.8 g / kg, pH 4.83, available nitrogen 93.0 mg / kg, available phosphorus 28.9 mg / kg, available potassium 274.1 mg / kg,

[0039] Example 1

[0040] In this example, the sugarcane variety was RB928064, and the mung bean variety was Zhonglv No. 8.

[0041] The intercropped mung bean planting method for promoting the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane of this example comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0043] 1.1) Soil preparation, deep plowing, soil plowing depth 40 cm, sugarcane row spacing 1.2 m, new sugarcane planting 40 double bud seedlings per row;

[0044] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut the sugarcane seeds into double bud segments, soak the seed stems in 1.5% lime water for 10 h for seed stem disinfection, and sow in early February to early March;

[0045] 1.3) After the sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea 150 kg / hm 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750 kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 375 kg / hm 2, 5 cm of soil is covered after fertilization; 2 times of old leaf removal are performed in the period from August to October; at the same time, according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests, timely pesticide spraying is performed for prevention and treatment; for newly planted sugarcane, sodium molybdate is sprayed on the sugarcane leaf surface at the 50th day, 60th day and 70th day after sowing, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 ;

[0046] 1.4) New sugarcane is harvested, and the sugarcane is cut in the period from late January to mid-February of the next year;

[0047] (2) Green bean planting

[0048] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, soil deep ploughing is 40 cm, fine harrowing, preventing compaction, upper virtual and lower substantial, facilitating seedling emergence, 2 rows of legume planting rows are divided in the sugarcane row, the legume planting row distance is 30 cm, the legume planting hole distance is 20 cm, and the legume planting row distance is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0049] 2.2) Seed dressing is performed by using seed dressing liquid, 0.4 kg of seed dressing liquid is used for every 100 kg of seeds, and the seed dressing liquid includes, according to weight percentage, 8% carbendazim, 4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3% chitosan, 1% alfalfa extract, 2% sodium alginate and 82% water; when the sugarcane has 4 leaf blades, green beans are sown, and organic fertilizer is applied before sowing, and the application amount is 110 kg / hm 2 ; the organic fertilizer includes, according to weight parts, 25 parts of sugarcane leaf charcoal, 8 parts of mature animal manure, 12 parts of wood ash, 5 parts of fruit residue and 5 parts of rice husk;

[0050] 2.3) During the flower and pod stage of the green beans, root irrigation liquid is applied, 40 m 3 / acre is applied once every 2 days; the root irrigation liquid includes, according to weight parts, 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinolinol copper, 0.1 parts of catechin, 1.2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid and 250 parts of water;

[0051] 2.4) During the flower and pod stage of the green beans, combined with the sugarcane deep ploughing, green bean crushing is performed, the green bean plants are crushed and returned to the field by using a sugarcane ploughing machine, the ploughing depth is 13 cm, and field management is well performed to ensure appropriate soil moisture and prevent weeds and pests and diseases, promote early growth of the sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root system and strong aboveground stems and leaves of the sugarcane, and make the sugarcane early row closure;

[0052] 2.5) The green beans are harvested in time after maturation;

[0053] The green beans are used for crushing in one row and harvesting in one row;

[0054] (3) Intercropping of green beans in the sugarcane stubble field

[0055] The sugarcane leaves are collected after being cut and are burned to prepare sugarcane leaf charcoal for use. The rows for planting legumes are prepared for land leveling, and the sugarcane roots are broken and the stalks are loosened. Two rows of mung beans are planted at the time of breaking the rows and loosening the stalks. The planting method of the mung beans is the same as the planting method of the mung beans in the newly planted sugarcane field. The sugarcane roots are sprayed with sodium molybdate 40 days, 50 days and 60 days after the rows are broken and the stalks are loosened, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 .

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The sugarcane variety in this example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Gui Chun No. 8.

[0058] The planting method of the intercropped soybeans for promoting the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the sugarcane in this example includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) New planting of sugarcane

[0060] 1.1) Land preparation, deep plowing and soil turning, the soil is plowed to a depth of 40 cm, and the sugarcane row spacing is 1.2 m;

[0061] 1.2) Selecting sugarcane seeds, cutting the sugarcane seeds into double-bud sections, soaking the seed stalks in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours for seed stalk disinfection, and sowing in early February to early March;

[0062] 1.3) After the sugarcane seedlings emerge, applying urea 150 kg / hm 2 , calcium-magnesium phosphate 750 kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 375 kg / hm 2 , covering the soil by 5 cm after fertilization; removing old leaves and dead leaves twice during August-October; at the same time, spraying pesticides in a timely manner according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spraying sodium molybdate on the sugarcane leaves 50 days, 60 days and 70 days after sowing in the newly planted sugarcane field, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 ;

[0063] 1.4) Harvesting of the newly planted sugarcane, and cutting and harvesting the sugarcane in late January to mid-February of the next year;

[0064] (2) Soybean planting

[0065] 2.1) Land preparation, deep plowing and soil turning, the soil is plowed to a depth of 40 cm, and the soil is finely raked to prevent hardening, with the upper part being loose and the lower part being solid, to facilitate seedling emergence. Two rows of legume planting rows are divided in the sugarcane rows, with a legume planting row spacing of 30 cm and a legume planting hole spacing of 20 cm. The legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row.

[0066] 2.2) seed dressing, 0.4 kg of seed dressing liquid per 100 kg of seeds, the seed dressing liquid comprises, by weight percentage: 8% carbendazim, 4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3% chitosan, 1% alfalfa extract, 2% sodium alginate, 82% water; when the sugarcane has 4 leaves, sow soybeans, and apply organic fertilizer before sowing, the application amount is 110 kg / hm 2 The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight parts: 25 parts of sugarcane leaf charcoal, 8 parts of mature animal manure, 12 parts of wood ash, 5 parts of fruit residue, and 5 parts of rice husk;

[0067] 2.3) During the flowering and podding period of soybeans, apply root irrigation liquid, 1 time every 2 days, 50 m 3 / acre each time; the root irrigation liquid comprises, by weight parts: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinolinol copper, 0.1 parts of catechin, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water;

[0068] 2.4) During the flowering and podding period of soybeans, combine sugarcane deep ploughing to crush and press the soybean plants into the field; and do a good job of field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and prevent weeds and pests and diseases, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote the formation of strong root systems and healthy aboveground stems and leaves of sugarcane plants, and make sugarcane row early;

[0069] 2.5) After the soybeans mature, harvest them in time;

[0070] The soybeans are used for crushing and pressing in one row, and for harvesting in one row;

[0071] (3) Continue to interplant soybeans in the sugarcane stubble field

[0072] After the sugarcane is harvested, collect the sugarcane leaves and burn them to make sugarcane leaf charcoal for use; plough the rows of legume plants, loosen the stubble, and sow 2 rows of soybeans while loosening the stubble; the soybean planting method is the same as that of the new sugarcane field; 40 days, 50 days, and 60 days after the stubble is loosened, spray sodium molybdate on the leaves of the sugarcane, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 .

[0073] Example 3-1

[0074] This example is for monocropping of sugarcane, and the sugarcane variety is Gui Tang 11, and the planting method is as follows:

[0075] (1) Planting of new sugarcane

[0076] 1.1) Plough the soil, deep plough the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and set the sugarcane row spacing to 1.2 m;

[0077] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut the sugarcane seeds into double-bud segments, soak the seed stalks in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours for seed stalk disinfection, and sow in early February to early March;

[0078] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2. 2 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 375kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm; remove old and dead leaves twice between August and October; spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; spray sodium molybdate on the sugarcane leaves of newly planted sugarcane on the 50th, 60th and 70th days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 150g / hm2 2 Sodium molybdate was sprayed on the leaves of newly planted sugarcane at a rate of 150 g / hm2 on the 50th, 60th and 70th day after sowing. 2 ;

[0079] 1.4) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting of sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year;

[0080] (2) Rattus sugarcane cultivation

[0081] After sugarcane harvest, sugarcane leaves were collected and burned and returned to the field. The perennial roots were broken and the stumps were loosened. Sodium molybdate was sprayed on the sugarcane leaves at a rate of 150 g / hm2 on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after breaking and loosening the stumps. 2 The rest of the planting methods are the same as those for new sugarcane planting.

[0082] Example 3-2

[0083] In this example, sugarcane was planted alone, and the sugarcane variety was Guitang No. 11. The difference from Example 3-1 was that 300 kg / hm2 of urea was applied. 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as in Example 3-1.

[0084] Example 4-1

[0085] In this embodiment, mung beans are intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8.

[0086] The planting method of intercropping mung beans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0087] (1) New sugarcane planting

[0088] 1.1) Land preparation: deep plowing to a depth of 45 cm, setting sugarcane rows at a spacing of 1.2 m, and planting 40 double-bud seedlings per row of newly planted sugarcane;

[0089] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, and sow them in early February to early March;

[0090] 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 150 kg / hm2. 2 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 375kg / hm2 , 5 cm after fertilization; 2 times of removing old leaves and dead leaves in the period of August to October; at the same time, spraying pesticide to prevent and cure according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests; new planting cane is sprayed with sodium molybdate on the 50th day, 60th day and 70th day after sowing, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 ;

[0091] 1.4) New planting cane is harvested, and the ratoon cane is cut in the late January to the middle of February of the next year;

[0092] (2) Green bean planting

[0093] 2.1) Land preparation, deep ploughing, soil deep ploughing 40 cm, fine harrowing, preventing hardening, upper virtual and lower substantial, facilitating seedling emergence, dividing 2 rows of legume planting rows in the cane rows, the legume planting row distance is 30 cm, the legume planting hole distance is 20 cm, and the legume planting row distance is 45 cm from the cane planting row;

[0094] 2.2) Sowing green beans when the cane has 4 leaves;

[0095] 2.3) Spraying pesticide liquid when the green beans grow to 2 leaves, spraying 45 L per mu, and spraying once every 18 days later; the pesticide liquid is carbendazim diluted by 1000 times;

[0096] 2.4) Pressing green beans in the green bean flowering and podding period combined with the cane deep ploughing, crushing and pressing green beans into the field by using the cane ploughing machine, ploughing 13 cm, and well managing the field to ensure appropriate soil moisture and prevent weeds and pests and diseases, promoting the early growth of cane, promoting the cane to form strong root system and strong aboveground stems and leaves, and making the cane row early;

[0097] 2.7) Harvesting the green beans in time after the green beans mature;

[0098] The green beans are used for pressing and harvesting in one row;

[0099] (3) Ratoon cane land continues to interplant green beans

[0100] After the cane is cut, the cane leaves are collected and burned to make cane leaf carbon for use, the legume planting rows are prepared, and 2 rows of green beans are sowed when the ratoon cane is broken and loosened, and the sowing method of the green beans is the same as that of the new planting cane land; the ratoon cane is sprayed with sodium molybdate on the 40th day, 50th day and 60th day after the ratoon cane is broken and loosened, and the spraying amount is 150 g / hm 2 .

[0101] Example 4-2

[0102] The green beans are interplanted in this example, the cane variety is Gui Tang 11, and the green bean variety is Zhonglv 8, and the difference from example 4-1 is that 300 kg / hm 2The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 4-1.

[0103] Example 5-1

[0104] In this embodiment, intercropping soybean is planted, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The planting method is as follows:

[0105] (1) Sugarcane planting

[0106] 1.1) Soil preparation, deep ploughing, soil deep ploughing 40 cm, sugarcane row spacing 1.2 m;

[0107] 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut the sugarcane seeds into double bud segments, soak the seed stalks in 1.5% lime water for 10 hours for seed stalk disinfection, and sow in early February to early March;

[0108] 1.3) After sugarcane seedling, apply urea 150 kg / hm 2 , calcium magnesium phosphate 750 kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 375 kg / hm 2 , cover the soil 5 cm after fertilization; remove old leaves and dead leaves 2 times between August and October; at the same time, according to the occurrence of sugarcane pests, spray pesticides in time for prevention and control; new planting sugarcane is sprayed with sodium molybdate on the sugarcane leaf surface at 50d, 60d and 70d after sowing, and the spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 ;

[0109] 1.4) New planting sugarcane is harvested, and sugarcane is cut in late January to mid-February of the next year;

[0110] (2) Soybean planting

[0111] 2.1) Soil preparation, deep ploughing, soil deep ploughing 40 cm, fine harrowing, prevent hardening, upper virtual and lower real, facilitate seedling, divide 2 rows of legume planting rows in the sugarcane row, the legume planting row spacing is 30 cm, the legume planting hole spacing is 20 cm, and the legume planting row spacing is 45 cm from the sugarcane planting row;

[0112] 2.2) Sow soybeans when sugarcane has 4 leaves;

[0113] 2.3) Spray pesticide solution when soybean seedling grows to 2 leaves, spray 45L per mu, and then spray every 18 days; the pesticide solution is diluted to 1000 times of carbendazim;

[0114] 2.4) In the flowering and podding stage of soybean, combine with sugarcane large cultivation to crush and press green soybean plants into the field; and do good field management to ensure appropriate soil moisture and prevent weeds and pests and diseases, promote early growth of sugarcane, promote sugarcane to form strong root system and strong aboveground stem and leaf, and make sugarcane early row closure;

[0115] 2.5) Harvesting the soybean in time after it is matured;

[0116] The soybean is used for pressing green and harvesting;

[0117] (3) Intercropping soybean in the sugarcane stubble field

[0118] After the sugarcane is cut, the sugarcane leaves are collected and burned to be used as sugarcane leaf charcoal. The soybean field is ploughed, the stubble is broken and the soybean is planted in two rows. The planting method of the soybean is the same as that of the new sugarcane field. The sugarcane stubble is sprayed with sodium molybdate 40d, 50d and 60d after the stubble is broken, and the spraying amount is 150g / hm 2 .

[0119] Example 5-2

[0120] In this example, the soybean is intercropped, the sugarcane variety is Guitang No. 11, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The difference from Example 5-1 is that urea 300kg / hm 2 is applied. The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 5-1.

[0121] Example 6-1

[0122] In this example, the sugarcane is planted alone, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 3-1.

[0123] Example 6-2

[0124] In this example, the sugarcane is planted alone, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 3-1. The difference from Example 3-1 is that urea 300kg / hm 2 is applied.

[0125] Example 7-1

[0126] In this example, the mung bean is intercropped, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8. The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 4-1.

[0127] Example 7-2

[0128] In this example, the mung bean is intercropped, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8. The difference from Example 4-1 is that urea 300kg / hm 2 is applied. The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 4-1.

[0129] Example 8-1

[0130] In this example, the soybean is intercropped, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Guichun No. 8. The rest of the planting method is the same as that of Example 5-1.

[0131] Example 8-2

[0132] In this example, intercropping soybean, sugarcane variety is RB928064, soybean variety is Gui Chun 8, and the difference from Example 5-1 is that urea 300 kg / hm is applied 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as Example 5-1.

[0133] Example 9-1

[0134] In this example, sugarcane is planted alone, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, and the rest of the planting method is the same as Example 3-1.

[0135] Example 9-2

[0136] In this example, sugarcane is planted alone, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, and the difference from Example 3-1 is that urea 300 kg / hm is applied 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as Example 3-1.

[0137] Example 10-1

[0138] In this example, intercropping mung bean, sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, mung bean variety is Zhonglv 8, and the rest of the planting method is the same as Example 4-1.

[0139] Example 10-2

[0140] In this example, intercropping mung bean, sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, mung bean variety is Zhonglv 8, and the difference from Example 4-1 is that urea 300 kg / hm is applied 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as Example 4-1.

[0141] Example 11-1

[0142] In this example, intercropping soybean, sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, soybean variety is Gui Chun 8, and the rest of the planting method is the same as Example 5-1.

[0143] Example 11-2

[0144] In this example, intercropping soybean, sugarcane variety is Guitang 42, soybean variety is Gui Chun 8, and the difference from Example 5-1 is that urea 300 kg / hm is applied 2 The rest of the planting method is the same as Example 5-1.

[0145] Comparative Example 1-1

[0146] In this comparative example, the sugarcane variety is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv 8, and the difference from Example 1 is that the root irrigation liquid is replaced by biogas liquid, and the rest is the same.

[0147] Comparative Example 1-2

[0148] The sugarcane variety of the present comparative example is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8. Different from Example 1 is that the irrigation liquid is applied once every 15 days, and each time 180 m 3 / mu, and the rest are the same.

[0149] Comparative Example 2-1

[0150] The sugarcane variety of the present comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Gui Chun No. 8. Different from Example 2 is that the irrigation liquid is replaced by biogas liquid, and the rest are the same.

[0151] Comparative Example 2-2

[0152] The sugarcane variety of the present comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Gui Chun No. 8. Different from Example 2 is that the irrigation liquid is applied once every 15 days, and each time 180 m 3 / mu, and the rest are the same.

[0153] Comparative Example 3

[0154] The sugarcane variety of the present comparative example is RB928064, and the mung bean variety is Zhonglv No. 8. Different from Example 1 is that the mung bean is not seed-dipped with the seed-dipping liquid before sowing, and the rest are the same.

[0155] Comparative Example 4

[0156] The sugarcane variety of the present comparative example is RB928064, and the soybean variety is Gui Chun No. 8. Different from Example 2 is that the soybean is not seed-dipped with the seed-dipping liquid before sowing, and the rest are the same.

[0157] At the vigorous growth stage of sugarcane, 6 sugarcane plants were taken from each treatment, washed with water to remove the soil attached to the roots of the plants, and the surface water of the plants was absorbed with absorbent paper. The root system was cut at the root base with scissors, and the root segments were taken from 10-30 cm underground. The stem segments were taken from the base 1-3 nodes, and the leaves were taken from the +3 leaves (the third leaf from the top of the thick belt). The roots, stems and leaves were dried, ground into powder, and the nitrogen content of the sugarcane in each treatment was detected. At the mature stage of sugarcane, the height and stem diameter of 10 sugarcane plants were measured in each area, and the average value was taken. At the time of sugarcane harvesting, the yield of sugarcane was calculated.

[0158] Table 1 Total nitrogen content, nitrogen fixation efficiency and agronomic traits of new-plant sugarcane, intercropped mung bean and soybean

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] Table 2 Total nitrogen content, nitrogen fixation efficiency and agronomic traits of ratoon sugarcane, intercropped mung bean and soybean

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] Table 3 Yield of intercropping mung beans and soybeans in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1-3

[0165]

[0166] From the planting results of the above examples, it can be seen that the planting method of the present invention for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane is more effective than conventional fertilization (300 kg / hm2). 2 Compared with the urea) method, the amount of fertilizer applied was reduced by 50% (150kg / hm 2 Under the condition of urea), the plant height, stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane were not affected, and the sugarcane yield was not much different; intercropping mung bean / soybean did not affect the stem diameter and plant nitrogen content of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane. 2 Under the condition of urea, the sugarcane yield of sugarcane RB928064 intercropped with mung bean increased and the plant height of ratoon sugarcane increased significantly at the 5% level. The nitrogen fixation efficiency of new sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane reached 16.19% and 16.22% respectively, and the difference was significant at the 5% confidence level. The present invention can reduce fertilization and rationally intercrop mung bean / soybean. After pressing green, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are released to combine with sugarcane, thereby improving the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane. During the flowering and pod stage, root irrigation solution is applied once every 2 days, and each application is 30-50m 3 / mu, not only provides balanced and rich nutrients for the growth of mung bean plants, promotes the continued growth and elongation of old roots, promotes the regeneration and development of new roots, thereby effectively enhancing the root system's ability to absorb nutrients, promotes the healthy growth of bean plants, enhances their plant vitality, and releases more nitrogen-fixing bacteria into the soil after the plants are pressed green. Borax can promote the elongation of sugarcane internodes and have a positive impact on sugarcane yield and quality; quinoline copper can directly act on pathogens around the roots, protect the sugarcane roots from disease invasion, and thus promote the healthy growth of sugarcane; the combination of catechins, alginic acid, and naphthoxyacetic acid can induce mung bean / soybean flowering, prevent the shedding of flower pods, and thus increase mung bean / soybean yield; and although the flowering and pod stage is the peak water demand period, excessive water will also aggravate root diseases, causing root rot and seedling death, poor plant growth, and premature aging, so the frequency of root irrigation solution application is controlled to 1-2 times every 2-3 days, with 30-50m 3 The optimal yield is per mu. During the legume sowing season, when the weather is wet and rainy, legumes are highly susceptible to pathogens. Soaking legume seeds with a seed dressing solution can effectively prevent and control fungal diseases such as gray leaf spot, leaf spot, and downy mildew. Sodium alginate and chitosan also form a protective film on the seed surface to prevent pathogens from invading. Meanwhile, alfalfa extract provides antibacterial properties while stimulating seed germination and seedling growth.

[0167] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the application be limited not with this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) New sugarcane planting 1.1) Prepare the land, deep plow the soil, and set the sugarcane row spacing to 1.05-1.35m; 1.2) Select sugarcane seeds, cut them into double-bud segments, disinfect the stems, and sow them in early February to early March; 1.3) After sugarcane seedlings emerge, apply urea at 140-160 kg / hm2 2 Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 720-780kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 350-400kg / hm 2 After fertilization, cover with soil; spray sodium molybdate on the sugarcane leaves at 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing, with a spraying rate of 140-155g / hm2. 2 ; 1.4) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow two rows of legumes, such as mung beans or soybeans; 1.5) Harvesting of newly planted sugarcane: harvesting of sugarcane from late January to mid-February of the following year; (2) Mung bean planting 2.1) Land preparation: deep plowing and tilling. Two rows of legumes are divided between the sugarcane rows. The legume rows are spaced 25-35 cm apart, the legume holes are 15-25 cm apart, and the legume rows are 40-50 cm apart from the sugarcane rows. 2.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow mung beans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ; 2.3) Apply root irrigation solution during the flowering and pod formation period of mung beans; 2.4) During the peak flowering and pod stage of mung beans, combine it with large-scale soiling with sugarcane to crush the green beans. Use a sugarcane soiling machine to crush the bean plants, press the green leaves back into the field, and then add soil; 2.5) Harvest mung beans promptly after they mature; one row of mung beans is used for pressing green, and the other row is used for harvesting; (3)Soybean cultivation 3.1) Land preparation: deep plowing and tilling. Two rows of legumes are divided between the sugarcane rows. The legume rows are spaced 25-35 cm apart, the legume holes are 15-25 cm apart, and the legume rows are 40-50 cm apart from the sugarcane rows. 3.2) When the sugarcane has 3-5 leaves, sow soybeans and apply organic fertilizer before sowing at a rate of 100-120 kg / hm2. 2 ; 3.3) Apply root irrigation solution during the soybean flowering and pod formation stage; 3.4) During the peak flowering and pod stage of soybeans, combine it with large-scale soiling with sugarcane to crush the soybean plants and return them to the field using a sugarcane soiling machine; 3.5) Harvest soybeans promptly after they mature; one row of soybeans is used for pressing green, and one row is used for harvesting; (4) Continue to intercrop mung beans or soybeans in perennial sugarcane fields. After the sugarcane is harvested, collect the sugarcane leaves and burn them for use as sugarcane charcoal. Prepare the land for leguminous planting rows, break the ridges and loosen the roots of perennials, and sow two rows of mung beans or soybeans when breaking the ridges and loosening the roots. Spray sodium molybdate on the sugarcane leaves on the 40th, 50th and 60th days after breaking the ridges and loosening the roots of perennial sugarcane. The spraying amount is 150g / hm2. 2 The planting method of mung beans or soybeans is the same as that of mung beans or soybeans in newly planted sugarcane fields; The root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 0.2-0.3 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of quinoline copper, 0.05-0.2 parts of catechin, 1-1.5 parts of alginic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of naphthoxyacetic acid, 200-300 parts of water; In steps 2.2) and 3.2), when the weather is wet and rainy during the sowing period, mung bean or soybean seeds are mixed with the seed dressing solution before sowing, with 0.3-0.5 kg of the seed dressing solution used for every 100 kg of seeds; The seed dressing solution comprises, by weight percentage, 6-10% carbendazim, 3-5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5% chitosan, 0.5-2% alfalfa extract, 1-3% sodium alginate, and 78.5-84% water; The sugarcane is sugarcane RB928064, and the legume is mung bean.

2. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises, by weight: 20-30 parts of sugarcane leaf charcoal, 5-10 parts of decomposed animal feces, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of fruit residue, and 3-6 parts of rice husk.

3. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for disinfecting the seed stems in step 1.2) is to soak the seed stems in 1-2% lime water for 8-12 hours.

4. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 0.25 parts of borax, 0.8 parts of quinoline copper, 0.1 parts of catechin, 1.2 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of naphthoxyacetic acid, and 250 parts of water.

5. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed dressing liquid comprises, by weight percentage, 7-9% of carbendazim, 3-4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-4% of chitosan, 0.8-1.3% of alfalfa extract, 1-2% of sodium alginate and 82.2-82.7% of water.

6. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of root irrigation liquid applied to mung beans is 1-2 times every 2-3 days, and 30-50 ml is applied each time. 3 / mu, the amount of soybean applied is once every 2 days, 40-60m 3 / mu.

7. The planting method for intercropping mung beans and soybeans to promote nitrogen fixation efficiency in sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane is sugarcane RB928064, and the legume is mung bean.

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