A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, and specifically to a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, which solves the problems that in the existing carbon capture system when treating flue gas, high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and heat in carbon dioxide lean liquid are directly discharged, resulting in large heat losses, and it is not convenient to adjust the temperature of carbon dioxide rich liquid required by the desorption tower. The system includes a pretreatment system, a carbon capture component, a waste heat recovery system and a multi-module monitoring system. The pretreatment system is unidirectionally connected to the carbon capture component through a desulfurized flue gas transmission pipeline. The pretreatment system and the carbon capture component are both unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system through a water transmission pipeline. The pretreatment system, the carbon capture component and the waste heat recovery system are all bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system through a multi-channel transmission cable. The present invention can effectively improve the carbon capture effect and reduce heat losses by recycling and recovering the heat in the flue gas carbon capture process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, and specifically to a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS. Background Technique

[0002] CCUS refers to a technology that collects carbon dioxide generated from emission sources such as large power plants, steel plants, and chemical plants, stores it by various methods to avoid its emission into the atmosphere, and makes reasonable use of it. The flue gas carbon capture technology can effectively separate and capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the flue gas generated by fossil fuel combustion, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. This is of great significance for alleviating global climate change. The flue gas carbon capture technology does not use any solvents throughout the process, completely eliminating the chemical consumption and environmental pollution risks brought about by solvent loss, and truly realizing green and environmentally friendly CO2 capture. This technology not only reduces CO2 emissions but also avoids secondary pollution, meeting the concept of sustainable development.

[0003] When the existing carbon capture system processes flue gas, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and the heat in the carbon dioxide lean liquid are directly discharged, resulting in a large heat loss, and it is not convenient to adjust the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid required by the desorption tower; therefore, it does not meet the existing requirements, and for this reason, we propose a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS to solve the problems raised in the above background technique, that is, when the existing carbon capture system processes flue gas, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and the heat in the carbon dioxide lean liquid are directly discharged, resulting in a large heat loss, and it is not convenient to adjust the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid required by the desorption tower.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, including a pretreatment system, a carbon capture component, a waste heat recovery system, and a multi-module monitoring system. The pretreatment system is unidirectionally connected to the carbon capture component through a desulfurized flue gas transmission pipeline. The pretreatment system and the carbon capture component are both unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system through a water transmission pipeline. The pretreatment system, the carbon capture component, and the waste heat recovery system are all bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system through a multi-channel transmission cable;

[0006] The carbon capture component consists of a decarbonization separation mechanism and a high-temperature desorption mechanism. The decarbonization separation mechanism includes an absorption tower. A separation protection housing is installed on one side of the absorption tower. A plurality of two-phase separators are installed inside the separation protection housing. Adjacent two-phase separators are connected through a first lean liquid delivery pipe. The output ends of the plurality of two-phase separators are fixedly installed with a second rich liquid delivery pipe. The high-temperature desorption mechanism includes a desorption tower. A third lean liquid delivery pipe is installed at the bottom end of the desorption tower. A carbon dioxide delivery pipe is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower;

[0007] The waste heat recovery system consists of a multi-channel heat exchange module, a second cold water input pipe, and a plurality of liquid storage tanks. The multi-channel heat exchange module includes a heat exchange temperature control box. A plurality of curved heat exchange pipes are fixedly installed inside the heat exchange temperature control box. A rich liquid diversion pipe is installed inside the curved heat exchange pipe. A lean liquid diversion pipe is installed inside the rich liquid diversion pipe. A gas guide seat is installed between the plurality of curved heat exchange pipes and the heat exchange temperature control box. A plurality of hollow plates are fixedly provided on one side of the gas guide seat. A plurality of jet nozzles are provided on the upper end surface of each hollow plate.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-module monitoring system includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, and a wireless transmission module. The gas sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the pretreatment system includes a flue gas cooling module, a dust collector, a booster fan, a desulfurization tower, and a gas transmission pipeline. The flue gas cooling module, the dust collector, the booster fan, and the desulfurization tower are sequentially connected through the gas transmission pipeline. The flue gas cooling module is connected to the plurality of liquid storage tanks through a water transmission pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, the decarbonization separation mechanism further includes a flue gas input pipe connected to the input end of the absorption tower. A second rich liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid delivery pipe. A first rich liquid delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the absorption tower. A first rich liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid delivery pipe. A second lean liquid delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the upper end of one of the two-phase separators. A first lean liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid delivery pipe. A flue gas purification delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the upper end of the absorption tower. One end of the flue gas purification delivery pipe is installed with a cooling tower. A first cold water input pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower. A gas discharge end is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cooling tower.

[0011] Preferably, the high-temperature desorption mechanism further includes a second lean liquid transfer pump fixedly connected to the middle of the third lean liquid transfer pipe. A circulation pump is fixedly installed on one side of the desorption tower, and a reboiler is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump. The desorption tower, the circulation pump, and the reboiler are connected through a circulation connecting pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the waste heat recovery system further includes sealing plates fixedly connected to the front and rear end faces of the heat exchange temperature control box. Isolation sealing plates are fixedly installed on one side of each of the two sealing plates. A rich liquid collector seat is fixedly installed on one side of one of the isolation sealing plates, and a plurality of flow guiding covers are fixedly installed on one side of the other isolation sealing plate. Two shunt devices are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the plurality of lean liquid guiding pipes and the flow guiding covers. A plurality of solenoid valves are provided on one side of the shunt device. One of the shunt devices is connected through the second rich liquid transfer pipe, and the other shunt device is connected through the third lean liquid transfer pipe. A conical exhaust hood is fixedly installed at the upper end of the heat exchange temperature control box, and a liquid level sensor is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood.

[0013] Preferably, the absorption tower and the desulfurization tower are connected through a flue gas input pipe. The bottom end of the absorption tower is connected through a first rich liquid transfer pipe and a plurality of first lean liquid transfer pipes to a plurality of two-phase separators. The second lean liquid transfer pipe and the third lean liquid transfer pipe are connected through a first lean liquid transfer pump. The inside of the heat exchange temperature control box is connected through the second rich liquid transfer pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the desorption tower and the gas guide seat are connected through a carbon dioxide transfer pipe. The desorption tower outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide transfer pipe. The plurality of two-phase separators output carbon dioxide-rich liquid through the second rich liquid transfer pipe. The desorption tower outputs carbon dioxide-lean liquid through the third lean liquid transfer pipe. The two-phase separators output carbon dioxide-lean liquid through the second lean liquid transfer pipe.

[0015] Preferably, a water storage chamber is provided inside the heat exchange temperature control box. The bottom end of the liquid level sensor penetrates through the conical exhaust hood and is inserted into the inside of the water storage chamber. The water level in the water storage chamber is lower than the bottom end height of the conical exhaust hood. A one-way valve is provided inside the air jet nozzle. A plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange pipe. The upper end of the air jet nozzle penetrates through the waist-shaped hole and is inserted between the curved heat exchange pipe and the rich liquid guiding pipe.

[0016] Preferably, carbon dioxide-rich liquid is filled between the rich liquid guiding pipe and the lean liquid guiding pipe. The plurality of rich liquid guiding pipes and one of the shunt devices are all connected through a plurality of flow guiding covers. The plurality of lean liquid guiding pipes are connected to the other shunt device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention can cool the high-temperature flue gas passing through the inner side of the flue gas cooling module through multiple liquid storage tanks and recover and store the waste heat. The absorption tower can absorb and remove the nitrogen compounds in the flue gas to obtain a rich carbon dioxide solution. Multiple two-phase separators can perform multi-stage separation on the rich carbon dioxide solution and the lean carbon dioxide solution. Then, the second rich solution transfer pump transfers the rich carbon dioxide solution through the second rich solution transfer pipe to conduct heat exchange through a multi-channel heat exchange module. The cooling tower can cool and spray the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end. The multi-channel heat exchange module can reuse the heat of the lean carbon dioxide solution in the third lean solution transfer pipe and the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide transfer pipe.

[0019] 2. The present invention conducts a curved transportation on the rich carbon dioxide solution and the lean carbon dioxide solution respectively through multiple rich solution diversion pipes and lean solution diversion pipes. The lean carbon dioxide solution and the carbon dioxide gas in a high-temperature state can conduct heat exchange synchronously with the rich carbon dioxide solution through the lean solution diversion pipe and the rich solution diversion pipe, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the rich carbon dioxide solution. By adjusting the flow rate of cold water flowing inside the heat exchange temperature control box, the output temperature of the rich carbon dioxide solution can be controlled, facilitating the desorption tower to utilize the rich carbon dioxide solution at an appropriate temperature. Moreover, the cold water can effectively recover the heat contained in the lean carbon dioxide solution and the carbon dioxide gas, thereby effectively avoiding heat loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the whole of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the pretreatment system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon capture component of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the flue gas carbon capture of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-channel heat exchange module of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a rear view of the multi-channel heat exchange module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the heat exchange temperature control box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is an exploded structural diagram of the isolation sealing plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 It is an exploded structural diagram of the air guide seat of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Pretreatment system; 101. Flue gas cooling module; 102. Dust collector; 103. Booster fan; 104. Desulfurization tower; 105. Liquid storage tank; 2. Carbon capture component; 22. Decarbonization separation mechanism; 2201. Flue gas input pipe; 2202. Absorption tower; 2203. First rich liquid delivery pipe; 2204. First rich liquid delivery pump; 2205. Separation protection housing; 2206. Two-phase separator; 2207. First lean liquid delivery pipe; 2208. Second rich liquid delivery pipe; 2209. Second rich liquid delivery pump; 2210. First lean liquid delivery pump; 2211. Second lean liquid delivery pipe; 2212. Flue gas purification delivery pipe; 2213. Cooling tower; 2214. Gas discharge end; 2215. First cold water input pipe; 23. High-temperature desorption mechanism; 2301. Multi-channel heat exchange module; 2302. Second cold water input pipe; 2303. Desorption tower; 2304. Third lean liquid delivery pipe; 2305. Second lean liquid delivery pump; 2306. Carbon dioxide delivery pipe; 2307. Circulation connecting pipe; 2308. Circulation pump; 2309. Reboiler; 3. Waste heat recovery system; 4. Multi-module monitoring system; 401. Heat exchange temperature control box; 402. Plugging plate; 403. Air guide seat; 404. Conical exhaust hood; 405. Liquid level sensor; 406. Shunt; 407. Solenoid valve; 408. Lean liquid diversion pipe; 409. Rich liquid collecting seat; 410. Jet nozzle; 411. Curved heat exchange pipe; 412. Rich liquid diversion pipe; 413. Isolation sealing plate; 414. Diversion hood; 5. Desulfurized flue gas delivery pipeline; 6. Water delivery pipeline; 7. Multi-channel transmission cable. Specific implementation manners

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0031] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, including a pretreatment system 1, a carbon capture component 2, a waste heat recovery system 3, and a multi-module monitoring system 4. The pretreatment system 1 is unidirectionally connected to the carbon capture component 2 through a desulfurized flue gas delivery pipeline 5. Both the pretreatment system 1 and the carbon capture component 2 are unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system 3 through a water delivery pipeline 6. Through the overall treatment and separation of the flue gas, effective carbon capture and waste heat recovery can be achieved;

[0032] The pre-treatment system 1, the carbon capture component 2, and the waste heat recovery system 3 are all bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system 4 through the multiplexing cable 7. The multi-module monitoring system 4 includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, and a wireless transmission module. The gas sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306. Through the gas sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor, and pressure sensor provided in the multi-module monitoring system 4, the temperature, pressure, flow rate, and carbon dioxide gas concentration of each pipeline during the carbon capture process can be monitored in real time.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 2 , the pre-treatment system 1 includes a flue gas cooling module 101, a dust collector 102, a booster fan 103, a desulfurization tower 104, and a gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module 101, the dust collector 102, the booster fan 103, and the desulfurization tower 104 are sequentially connected through the gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module 101 is connected to a plurality of liquid storage tanks 105 through the water pipeline 6. The carbon capture component 2 is composed of a decarbonization separation mechanism 22 and a high-temperature regeneration mechanism 23. Through the pre-treatment system 1, the heat, dust, and sulfides in the flue gas can be removed.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 3 , the decarbonization separation mechanism 22 includes an absorption tower 2202. A flue gas inlet pipe 2201 is installed through the input end of the absorption tower 2202. A separation protection housing 2205 is installed on one side of the absorption tower 2202. A plurality of two-phase separators 2206 are installed inside the separation protection housing 2205. Adjacent two-phase separators 2206 are connected through the first lean liquid delivery pipe 2207. The absorption tower 2202 is connected to the desulfurization tower 104 through the flue gas inlet pipe 2201. The bottom end of the absorption tower 2202 is connected to a plurality of two-phase separators 2206 through the first rich liquid delivery pipe 2203 and a plurality of first lean liquid delivery pipes 2207. The output ends of a plurality of two-phase separators 2206 are fixedly installed with a second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208. The plurality of two-phase separators 2206 output carbon dioxide rich liquid through the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208. Through the plurality of two-phase separators 2206, the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid can be separated at multiple levels;

[0035] A second rich liquid transfer pump 2209 is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid transfer pipe 2208. A first rich liquid transfer pipe 2203 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the absorption tower 2202. A first rich liquid transfer pump 2204 is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid transfer pipe 2203. A second lean liquid transfer pipe 2211 is fixedly installed at the upper end of one of the two-phase separators 2206. The two-phase separator 2206 outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the second lean liquid transfer pipe 2211. A first lean liquid transfer pump 2210 is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid transfer pipe 2211. The second lean liquid transfer pipe 2211 and the third lean liquid transfer pipe 2304 are connected through the first lean liquid transfer pump 2210. A flue gas purification transfer pipe 2212 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the absorption tower 2202. A cooling tower 2213 is installed at one end of the flue gas purification transfer pipe 2212. A first cold water input pipe 2215 is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower 2213. A gas discharge end 2214 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cooling tower 2213. The cooling tower 2213 can cool and spray the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end 2214.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown in, the high-temperature desorption mechanism 23 includes a desorption tower 2303. A third lean liquid transfer pipe 2304 is installed at the bottom end of the desorption tower 2303. The desorption tower 2303 outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the third lean liquid transfer pipe 2304. A carbon dioxide transfer pipe 2306 is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower 2303. The desorption tower 2303 outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide transfer pipe 2306. A second lean liquid transfer pump 2305 is fixedly installed in the middle of the third lean liquid transfer pipe 2304. A circulation pump 2308 is fixedly installed on one side of the desorption tower 2303. A reboiler 2309 is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump 2308. The desorption tower 2303, the circulation pump 2308 and the reboiler 2309 are connected through a circulation connecting pipe 2307. Under the action of the circulation pump 2308, the reboiler 2309 extracts, heats and refluxes the liquid inside the desorption tower 2303 through the circulation connecting pipe 2307. Thus, the temperature inside the desorption tower 2303 can be kept stable by the reboiler 2309.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 3 to 9, the waste heat recovery system 3 is composed of a multi-channel heat exchange module 2301, a second cold water input pipe 2302 and multiple liquid storage tanks 105. The multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 includes a heat exchange temperature control box 401. The interior of the heat exchange temperature control box 401 is connected in a through manner with the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208. A plurality of curved heat exchange pipes 411 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange temperature control box 401. A rich liquid guide pipe 412 is installed inside the curved heat exchange pipe 411. A lean liquid guide pipe 408 is installed inside the rich liquid guide pipe 412. An air guide seat 403 is installed between the plurality of curved heat exchange pipes 411 and the heat exchange temperature control box 401. The desorption tower 2303 and the air guide seat 403 are connected in a through manner through a carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306. A plurality of hollow plates are fixedly provided on one side of the air guide seat 403. A plurality of air jet nozzles 410 are provided on the upper end surface of each hollow plate. A one-way valve is provided inside the air jet nozzle 410. A plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange pipe 411. The upper end of the air jet nozzle 410 penetrates through the waist-shaped hole and is inserted between the curved heat exchange pipe 411 and the rich liquid guide pipe 412. Through the air jet nozzle 410, carbon dioxide gas can be evenly output, thereby improving the full contact between the heat in the carbon dioxide gas and the carbon dioxide rich liquid;

[0038] Sealing plates 402 are fixedly installed on the front and rear end surfaces of the heat exchange temperature control box 401. Isolation sealing plates 413 are fixedly installed on one side of the two sealing plates 402. A rich liquid collecting seat 409 is fixedly installed on one side of one of the isolation sealing plates 413. A plurality of flow guiding covers 414 are fixedly installed on one side of the other isolation sealing plate 413. Carbon dioxide rich liquid is filled between the rich liquid guide pipe 412 and the lean liquid guide pipe 408. Two flow splitters 406 are fixedly installed on the upper ends of the plurality of lean liquid guide pipes 408 and the flow guiding covers 414. The plurality of rich liquid guide pipes 412 and one of the flow splitters 406 are all connected in a through manner through the plurality of flow guiding covers 414. The plurality of lean liquid guide pipes 408 are connected in a through manner with the other flow splitter 406. A plurality of electromagnetic valves 407 are provided on one side of the flow splitter 406. One of the flow splitters 406 is connected in a through manner with the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208. The other flow splitter 406 is connected in a through manner with the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304. Under the control of the electromagnetic valve 407, the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid can be evenly split through the flow splitter 406;

[0039] A conical exhaust hood 404 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the heat exchange temperature control box 401. A liquid level sensor 405 is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood 404. A water storage chamber is provided inside the heat exchange temperature control box 401. The bottom end of the liquid level sensor 405 penetrates through the conical exhaust hood 404 and is inserted into the inner side of the water storage chamber. The water level in the water storage chamber is lower than the bottom end height of the conical exhaust hood 404. Through the liquid level sensor 405, the cold water amount inside the heat exchange temperature control box 401 can be monitored, thereby avoiding excessive cold water from interfering with the output of carbon dioxide gas.

[0040] During use, high-temperature flue gas is input into the inner side of the flue gas cooling module 101 for preliminary waste heat recovery. Specifically, the flue gas cooling module 101 and multiple liquid storage tanks 105 are connected through the water delivery pipeline 6. Then, through the multiple liquid storage tanks 105, the high-temperature flue gas passing through the inner side of the flue gas cooling module 101 can be cooled and the waste heat can be recovered and stored. Then, under the action of the booster fan 103, the flue gas successively passes through the dust collector 102 and the desulfurization tower 104 and is input into the inner side of the absorption tower 2202 through the flue gas input pipe 2201. The dust and sulfides in the flue gas can be removed through the dust collector 102 and the desulfurization tower 104. The nitrides in the flue gas can be absorbed and removed through the absorption tower 2202 to obtain rich carbon dioxide solution. The rich carbon dioxide solution is successively transported through the first rich solution delivery pipe 2203 and multiple first lean solution delivery pipes 2207 inside multiple two-phase separators 2206. Then, through the multiple two-phase separators 2206, the rich carbon dioxide solution and the lean carbon dioxide solution can be separated at multiple levels;

[0041] Then, the second rich solution delivery pump 2209 transports the rich carbon dioxide solution through the second rich solution delivery pipe 2208 to conduct heat exchange through the multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 to obtain high-temperature rich carbon dioxide solution. The high-temperature rich carbon dioxide solution can be desorbed through the desorption tower 2303, and the carbon dioxide gas is output through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306 and the lean carbon dioxide solution is output through the third lean solution delivery pipe 2304. The reboiler 2309 extracts the liquid inside the desorption tower 2303 through the circulation connecting pipe 2307 under the action of the circulation pump 2308, heats it, and returns it. Then, through the reboiler 2309, the temperature inside the desorption tower 2303 can be kept stable. The third lean solution delivery pipe 2304 transports the lean carbon dioxide solution through the multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 to the inside of the first lean solution delivery pump 2210. Then, the first lean solution delivery pump 2210 can collect and transport the lean carbon dioxide solution generated by the two-phase separator 2206 and the desorption tower 2303 through the second lean solution delivery pipe 2211 and the third lean solution delivery pipe 2304 to the absorption tower 2202. Then, the absorption tower 2202 can purify the flue gas and transport it to the cooling tower 2213 through the flue gas purification delivery pipe 2212;

[0042] Cooling water is input into the cooling tower 2213 through the first cooling water input pipe 2215. Then, the cooling tower 2213 can perform cooling spray on the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end 2214. The multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 can reuse the heat of the carbon dioxide lean liquid in the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 and the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306. Specifically, the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide rich liquid to the inner sides of a plurality of rich liquid diversion pipes 412 through one of the diverters 406. At the same time, the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide lean liquid to the inner sides of a plurality of lean liquid diversion pipes 408 through another diverter 406. The carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide gas to a plurality of jet nozzles 410 through the gas guide seat 403;

[0043] After the power is turned on, the curved heat exchange pipe 411, the rich liquid diversion pipe 412, and the lean liquid diversion pipe 408 are sleeved and installed in sequence. There are waist-shaped holes on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange pipe 411. The upper end of the jet nozzle 410 penetrates through the waist-shaped hole and is inserted between the curved heat exchange pipe 411 and the rich liquid diversion pipe 412. The carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid are subjected to curved transportation through a plurality of rich liquid diversion pipes 412 and lean liquid diversion pipes 408 respectively, and the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to the space between the curved heat exchange pipe 411 and the rich liquid diversion pipe 412 through the jet nozzle 410. Then, the high-temperature carbon dioxide lean liquid and carbon dioxide gas can perform heat exchange synchronously with the carbon dioxide rich liquid through the lean liquid diversion pipe 408 and the rich liquid diversion pipe 412, and thus can rapidly increase the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid;

[0044] Cooling water is injected into the interior of the heat exchange temperature control box 401 through the second cooling water input pipe 2302. The cooling water can fill the space between the curved heat exchange pipe 411 and the rich liquid diversion pipe 412 through the waist-shaped holes. By adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water flowing inside the heat exchange temperature control box 401, the output temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid can be controlled, which is convenient for the desorption tower 2303 to utilize the carbon dioxide rich liquid at an appropriate temperature. Moreover, the heat contained in the carbon dioxide lean liquid and carbon dioxide gas can be effectively recovered by the cooling water, and thus the loss of waste heat can be effectively avoided;

[0045] During the carbon capture of the flue gas, various pipeline temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and carbon dioxide gas concentrations during the carbon capture process can be monitored in real time through the gas sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor, and pressure sensor provided in the multi-module monitoring system 4. And the monitored data can be remotely transmitted through the wireless transmission module.

[0046] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Accordingly, all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, comprising a pretreatment system (1), a carbon capture component (2), a waste heat recovery system (3) and a multi-module monitoring system (4), characterized in that: The pretreatment system (1) is unidirectionally connected to the carbon capture component (2) through a desulfurized flue gas transmission pipeline (5). The pretreatment system (1) and the carbon capture component (2) are both unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system (3) through a water transmission pipeline (6). The pretreatment system (1), the carbon capture component (2), and the waste heat recovery system (3) are all bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system (4) through a multi-channel transmission cable (7). The carbon capture component (2) consists of a decarbonization separation mechanism (22) and a high-temperature desorption mechanism (23). The decarbonization separation mechanism (22) includes an absorption tower (2202). A separation protection housing (2205) is installed on one side of the absorption tower (2202). A plurality of two-phase separators (2206) are installed inside the separation protection housing (2205). Adjacent two-phase separators (2206) are connected through a first lean liquid delivery pipe (2207). The output ends of the plurality of two-phase separators (2206) are fixedly installed with a second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208). The high-temperature desorption mechanism (23) includes a desorption tower (2303). A third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304) is installed at the bottom of the desorption tower (2303). A carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306) is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower (2303). The waste heat recovery system (3) consists of a multi-channel heat exchange module (2301), a second cold water input pipe (2302), and a plurality of liquid storage tanks (105). The multi-channel heat exchange module (2301) includes a heat exchange temperature control box (401). A plurality of curved heat exchange pipes (411) are fixedly installed inside the heat exchange temperature control box (401). A rich liquid diversion pipe (412) is installed inside the curved heat exchange pipe (411). A lean liquid diversion pipe (408) is installed inside the rich liquid diversion pipe (412). A gas guide seat (403) is installed between the plurality of curved heat exchange pipes (411) and the heat exchange temperature control box (401). A plurality of hollow plates are fixedly provided on one side of the gas guide seat (403). A plurality of jet nozzles (410) are provided on the upper end surface of each hollow plate.

2. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 1, wherein: The multi-module monitoring system (4) includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, and a wireless transmission module. The gas sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide gas inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306).

3. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 2, wherein: The pretreatment system (1) includes a flue gas cooling module (101), a dust collector (102), a booster fan (103), a desulfurization tower (104), and a gas transmission pipeline. The flue gas cooling module (101), the dust collector (102), the booster fan (103), and the desulfurization tower (104) are sequentially connected through the gas transmission pipeline. The flue gas cooling module (101) is connected to the plurality of liquid storage tanks (105) through a water transmission pipeline (6).

4. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 3, wherein: The decarbonization separation mechanism (22) further includes a flue gas input pipe (2201) connected in a through manner to the input end of the absorption tower (2202). A second rich liquid transfer pump (2209) is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid transfer pipe (2208). A first rich liquid transfer pipe (2203) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the absorption tower (2202). A first rich liquid transfer pump (2204) is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid transfer pipe (2203). A second lean liquid transfer pipe (2211) is fixedly installed at the upper end of one of the two-phase separators (2206). A first lean liquid transfer pump (2210) is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid transfer pipe (2211). A flue gas purification transfer pipe (2212) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the absorption tower (2202). A cooling tower (2213) is installed at one end of the flue gas purification transfer pipe (2212). A first cold water input pipe (2215) is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower (2213). A gas discharge end (2214) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cooling tower (2213).

5. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-temperature desorption mechanism (23) further includes a second lean liquid transfer pump (2305) fixedly connected to the middle of the third lean liquid transfer pipe (2304). A circulation pump (2308) is fixedly installed on one side of the desorption tower (2303). A reboiler (2309) is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump (2308). The desorption tower (2303), the circulation pump (2308), and the reboiler (2309) are connected in a through manner by a circulation connecting pipe (2307).

6. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery system (3) further includes a sealing plate (402) fixedly connected to the front and rear end faces of the heat exchange temperature control box (401). An isolation sealing plate (413) is fixedly installed on one side of each of the two sealing plates (402). A rich liquid collecting seat (409) is fixedly installed on one side of one of the isolation sealing plates (413). A plurality of flow guiding covers (414) are fixedly installed on one side of the other isolation sealing plate (413). Two flow distributors (406) are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the plurality of lean liquid guiding pipes (408) and the flow guiding covers (414). A plurality of electromagnetic valves (407) are provided on one side of the flow distributor (406). One of the flow distributors (406) is connected in a through manner to the second rich liquid transfer pipe (2208). The other flow distributor (406) is connected in a through manner to the third lean liquid transfer pipe (2304). A conical exhaust hood (404) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the heat exchange temperature control box (401). A liquid level sensor (405) is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood (404).

7. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 6, characterized in that: The absorption tower (2202) is connected to the desulfurization tower (104) through a flue gas input pipe (2201). The bottom end of the absorption tower (2202) is connected to a plurality of two-phase separators (2206) through a first rich liquid delivery pipe (2203) and a plurality of first lean liquid delivery pipes (2207). The second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211) is connected to the third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304) through a first lean liquid delivery pump (2210). The interior of the heat exchange temperature control box (401) is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208).

8. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 7, characterized in that: The desorption tower (2303) is connected to the gas guide seat (403) through a carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306). The desorption tower (2303) outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306). A plurality of the two-phase separators (2206) output carbon dioxide rich liquid through the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208). The desorption tower (2303) outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304). The two-phase separators (2206) output carbon dioxide lean liquid through the second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211).

9. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 8, characterized in that: A water storage chamber is provided inside the heat exchange temperature control box (401). The bottom end of the liquid level sensor (405) penetrates through the conical exhaust hood (404) and is inserted into the inner side of the water storage chamber. The water level in the water storage chamber is lower than the bottom height of the conical exhaust hood (404). A one-way valve is provided inside the jet nozzle (410). A plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange pipe (411). The upper end of the jet nozzle (410) penetrates through the waist-shaped hole and is inserted between the curved heat exchange pipe (411) and the rich liquid diversion pipe (412).

10. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 9, characterized in that: Carbon dioxide rich liquid is filled between the rich liquid diversion pipe (412) and the lean liquid diversion pipe (408). A plurality of the rich liquid diversion pipes (412) and one of the distributors (406) are both connected through a plurality of diversion hoods (414). A plurality of the lean liquid diversion pipes (408) are connected to the other distributor (406).

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