Method for preparing high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface through pretreatment of low-temperature atomized silicone oil and application of high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface through pretreatment of low-temperature atomized silicone oil and application of the high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface through pretreatment of the low-temperature atomized silicone oil. The method comprises the steps that low-temperature atomization is conducted on the silicone oil through a minimum quantity lubrication device in combination with a vortex tube, it is ensured that the silicone oil is evenly deposited on the surface of a sample, laser parameters are set, laser is output, and the surface of the sample is etched. The processed surface is cleaned and tested, so that the surface has high adhesiveness and super-hydrophobicity; the method provided by the invention is simple to operate and easy to implement, the vortex tube carries out airflow low-temperature treatment, the shape of atomized liquid drops is maintained at low temperature, the atomized liquid drops are not easy to evaporate and diffuse quickly, the fog drops can be uniformly and stably deposited on the surface of a sample, the laser etching effect is better, and the health of operators is not influenced; the high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface is high in processing efficiency and good in processing quality, economic benefits are achieved, and compared with a traditional super-hydrophobic-super-hydrophilic surface prepared through secondary laser, the prepared high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface can be applied to liquid conveying, and meanwhile the flow slowing effect is achieved due to high adhesion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wettability and adhesive surface preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The unique adhesion and wettability of high-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces make them have great applications in lossless droplet manipulation, rapid biological or chemical analysis, and surface tension-driven droplet transport. So far, there have been a variety of preparation processes for high-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces.

[0003] A Korean invention patent with publication number KR20220165459A discloses a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic metal surface, by processing a microstructure on the surface, then forming a nanostructure through hot water treatment, and finally heat-treating the surface with silicone oil to obtain a super-hydrophobic surface; a Korean invention patent with publication number KR102308050B1 discloses a method for making a super-hydrophobic surface, which uses a laser to form a pattern on a substrate, applies silicone oil on the substrate and heat-treats it for 5-10 minutes, and the surface has super-hydrophobicity; these preparation processes are simple and environmentally friendly and green, but the surface properties obtained are only super-hydrophobic, and the droplets cannot be regulated.

[0004] Chinese invention patent with publication number CN114345663A discloses a method for preparing a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface based on PDMS, in which PDMS is transferred to an oven after surface vacuum degassing to obtain a microstructure, and then subjected to fluorination treatment to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface; Chinese invention patent with publication number CN114892156A discloses a method for preparing a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic coating imitating the surface of a gecko's foot, in which zinc oxide nanorods are constructed on zinc foil by controlling the synthesis temperature, time and solution concentration, and a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface is obtained after modification with fluoroalkyl silane; Chinese invention patent with publication number CN113275223A discloses a method for preparing a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface based on a laser chemical composite process, in which laser processing of surface micro-texturing is used, and then a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface is obtained after immersion in a variety of chemical solutions; the above preparation processes can make the surface have both super-hydrophobic and high-adhesion properties, but the process flow is complicated, the preparation time is long, and the chemical substances used are harmful to human health and the environment.

[0005] Therefore, a simple, green, low-cost and efficient method is urgently needed to prepare highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems of complex process, low processing efficiency and environmental pollution in preparing highly adhesive super-hydrophobic surfaces, a method for preparing highly adhesive super-hydrophobic surfaces by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment in the present invention is proposed.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a highly viscous super hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, which comprises:

[0008] S1: Grinding pretreatment of the sample surface;

[0009] S2: Treat the sample with low-temperature atomized silicone oil;

[0010] S3: laser etching the sample;

[0011] S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface;

[0012] Among them, the temperature of low-temperature atomization is 4°C to 6°C. Low-temperature atomization is used to maintain the shape of atomized droplets, slow down the evaporation and diffusion rates, and make the atomized droplets evenly deposited on the surface of the sample.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, the polishing pretreatment of the sample surface comprises:

[0014] The surface of the sample with a size of a×b is polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through the sample grinding machine;

[0015] Place the sample in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol until the sample is completely immersed, then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner and set the cleaning time to t1;

[0016] After cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the surface of the sample for time t2.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a highly viscous super hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, the method comprises:

[0018] S21: Use an air compressor with an exhaust pressure of P1 to provide an air source, and the gas is filtered and dried before being provided to the minimal lubrication device;

[0019] Debug the micro-lubrication device, put silicone oil with viscosity η, density ρ and surface tension σ into the oil tank of the micro-lubrication device, fix the sample, select a round nozzle with a diameter of A, and adjust the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the sample to L;

[0020] Perform atomization treatment at room temperature, set the liquid flow Q1 and air flow Q2 of the micro-lubrication device, adjust the air pressure valve at the nozzle, and set the spray pressure P a ;

[0021] According to the formula below, adjust to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets;

[0022]

[0023] Among them, C is the proportionality coefficient and n is the exponential parameter.

[0024] S22: The shape of the atomized droplets is maintained at low temperature, and the atomized droplets are uniformly deposited on the surface of the sample;

[0025] Use a vortex tube for cryogenic treatment;

[0026] The temperature reduction amplitude ΔT of the vortex tube is obtained by the following formula;

[0027]

[0028] Where K is the efficiency of the vortex tube, D P is the diameter of the vortex tube inlet, D V is the inner diameter of the vortex tube, D O is the cold end outlet diameter, P is the vortex tube inlet pressure, P0 is the atmospheric pressure, and n is an exponential parameter.

[0029] S23: Connect the first air compressor with an exhaust pressure of P1 to the micro-lubrication device, connect the outlet of the micro-lubrication device and the second air compressor with an exhaust pressure of P2 to the air inlet of the vortex tube through a T-tube, connect the input end of the nozzle to the cold end outlet of the vortex tube, use raw tape to maintain the air tightness of the air inlet and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube, check whether the hot end outlet is blocked, connect the one-way valve between the second air compressor and the T-tube to prevent the gas backflow of the micro-lubrication device, and connect the pressure gauge I and the pressure knob I between the first air compressor and the micro-lubrication device to detect and control the air inlet pressure of the micro-lubrication device;

[0030] Connect the pressure gauge II and the pressure knob II between the T-tube and the vortex tube to detect and control the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube. Connect the pressure gauge and the air pressure valve between the cold end outlet and the nozzle to detect and control the spray pressure. Place a thermocouple thermometer at a radial distance L from the nozzle to obtain the ambient temperature T1 and the low-temperature atomization temperature T2.

[0031] When the temperature reduction amplitude ΔT=T1-T2<25°C, perform S24 operation, otherwise, execute S25.

[0032] S24: supplying air to the vortex tube in series;

[0033] Turn off the second air compressor, control the pressure knob I, use the first air compressor to provide air pressure for the micro-lubrication device and the vortex tube, and control the pressure knob II to make the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube P;

[0034] S25: When the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube exceeds the air outlet pressure tolerance range of the micro-lubrication device, the vortex tube is supplied with air in parallel;

[0035] Control the pressure knob Ⅰ, use the first air compressor with exhaust pressure P1 to provide the micro-lubrication device and the vortex tube with air pressure, use the second air compressor with exhaust pressure P2 to supplement the lack of air pressure in the vortex tube, and control the pressure knob Ⅱ to make the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube P;

[0036] Adjust the temperature regulating valve of the vortex tube and set the low-temperature atomization temperature to T2. Due to the pressure loss at the hot end outlet, the spray pressure is P a ', adjust the air pressure valve to adjust the air pressure to P a , maintain the atomization pressure, the cold air flow and silicone oil are mixed at the nozzle for low-temperature atomization.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a highly viscous super hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, wherein: the low-temperature atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample also includes:

[0038] S26: After selecting the device connection mode according to different usage scenarios, turn on the switch of the micro-lubrication device to perform low-temperature atomized silicone oil treatment to achieve precise control of atomized droplets and stable surface deposition, reducing the loss time in the air to t3;

[0039] The spray field is photographed using a high-speed camera, and the contour of the atomized droplets is analyzed using image processing software to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets;

[0040] S27: According to the following formula, the velocity v0 of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle, the Weber number We, the Reynolds number Re and the gross coefficient Ca are obtained to measure the atomization effect;

[0041]

[0042] Wherein, Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number;

[0043] S28: Determine the size of We, Re and Ca according to the calculation results;

[0044] If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the droplet is easy to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface; otherwise, the droplet is stable and difficult to break, forming a rounded shape on the surface, slowly depositing, and spreading limitedly.

[0045] As a preferred solution of the method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, wherein: the laser etching of the sample comprises:

[0046] S31: Turn on the laser switch, set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller as a processing pattern, and set the processing pattern size to a×b; and,

[0047] Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to E, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and,

[0048] Place the sample in the processing area and click the marking button to perform laser etching to prepare the surface microstructure;

[0049] S32: Use deionized water to rinse the surface of the sample after laser processing to remove most of the silicone oil and residue on the surface, then put the sample into a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol, and then put the glass dish into an ultrasonic cleaner, set the cleaning time t4, and use a fine brush to remove the remaining silicone oil and residue. After cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the surface of the sample for a time of t2;

[0050] S33: Perform a wettability test on the cleaned sample, and use a contact angle meter to measure the static contact angle θ on the surface of the sample.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a highly viscous super hydrophobic surface by low temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, wherein: the determination of the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface includes:

[0052] S41: Determine the size of the static contact angle θ;

[0053] If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning interval d in S31 are numerically reduced to improve the hydrophobicity;

[0054] If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a highly viscous super hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment according to the present invention, wherein: the determination of the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface also includes:

[0056] S42: The sample is subjected to adhesion test and the contact angle hysteresis of the surface is measured. The sample in contact with the bottom of the droplet is moved at a certain speed. The shape of the droplet becomes asymmetric. Two different contact angles are formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely the advancing contact angle θ A and the receding contact angle θ R, the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ;

[0057] S43: Determine the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; and

[0058] If Δθ<30°, repeat the operation process of S21 to S42, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil in S21 is increased to improve the adhesion; and

[0059] If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

[0060] One of the beneficial effects of the present invention is that a method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by pre-treatment with low-temperature atomized silicone oil is provided. The sample surface only needs to be simply treated with low-temperature atomized silicone oil and then laser-etched to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface. The operation is simple and easy to implement. In addition, a vortex tube is used to perform low-temperature treatment of the airflow to prevent the atomization effect from being affected in a high-temperature environment. The low temperature can maintain the shape of the atomized droplets, which is not easy to evaporate and diffuse quickly. The droplets can be evenly and stably deposited on the sample surface, and the laser etching effect is better. In addition, the silicone oil used is polydimethylsiloxane, which is a non-toxic and odorless item and has no health impact on the operator.

[0061] Moreover, the method of preparing a highly-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment only requires a short period of low-temperature atomized silicone oil treatment, has high processing efficiency and good processing quality, has economic benefits, and can customize and improve the surface. Compared with the surface prepared by the silicone oil heat treatment method which only has hydrophobicity, this method can achieve a hydrophobic-hydrophilic coexistence surface by selectively performing laser treatment on the surface of the low-temperature atomized silicone oil. The prepared highly-adhesive super-hydrophobic surface can not only be used for liquid transportation, but also can achieve a slow flow effect due to its high adhesion, compared with the super-hydrophobic-super-hydrophilic surface prepared by traditional secondary laser.

[0062] In view of the use of the above-mentioned sample surface, the application of the method of preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment in the present invention is proposed.

[0063] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an application of a method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, which includes implementing the above-mentioned method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface, which is applied to droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection engineering.

[0064] Another beneficial effect of the present invention: high-adhesion superhydrophobic materials are widely used in the fields of droplet transport, drug delivery and fog collection engineering due to their unique wetting properties. In terms of droplet transport, high-adhesion superhydrophobic materials can achieve rapid, long-distance directional transport of droplets with extremely low volume loss along the way, which has an important driving effect on microfluidics, on-chip chemical synthesis, water collection, heat and mass transfer and other fields. In the field of drug delivery, high-adhesion superhydrophobic materials can be used as a carrier to control drug release and improve drug delivery efficiency and accuracy. In addition, this type of material is also used in fog collection engineering, which can promote water collection and is of great significance for water resource acquisition in arid areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0066] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the construction of the high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface in the present invention.

[0067] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the micro-lubrication device and the vortex tube in the present invention.

[0068] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal operation of the vortex tube in the present invention.

[0069] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram comparing the atomization effects at different temperatures in the present invention.

[0070] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the laser structure in the present invention.

[0071] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the laser scanning path in the present invention.

[0072] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of contact angle hysteresis measurement of the high adhesion superhydrophobic surface in the present invention.

[0073] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of static contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of three surfaces in the present invention.

[0074] Fig. 9 These are X-ray diffraction analysis images of three surfaces in the present invention.

[0075] Fig.10 These are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis images of the three surfaces in the present invention.

[0076] In the figure: 100, sample; 200, micro-lubrication device; 201, oil tank; 202, nozzle; 203, micro-lubrication device air inlet; 204, pressure gauge; 205, pressure knob; 206, filter copper core; 207, frequency generator; 208, gas diverter; 209, combinable pump; 210, air flow control valve; 211, liquid flow knob; 212, air pressure valve; 213, air pressure gauge; 300, test Water drop; 400, laser; 401, computer controller; 402, focusing lens; 403, reflector; 404, laser light source; d, laser scanning interval; w, spot diameter; 500, vortex tube; 501, temperature regulating valve; 502, vortex tube air inlet; 503, cold end outlet; 504, hot end outlet; 505, vortex chamber; 600, first air compressor; 700, second air compressor; 800, one-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0078] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0079] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0080] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, the method comprising the following steps S1 to S4:

[0083] S1: Pre-grinding the surface of the sample 100;

[0084] S2: treating the sample 100 with low temperature atomized silicone oil;

[0085] S3: performing laser etching on the sample 100;

[0086] S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample 100.

[0087] The sample is preferably a titanium alloy plate. By implementing steps S1 to S4, it can have high adhesion and super hydrophobicity, thereby improving corrosion resistance, enhancing self-cleaning ability, optimizing anti-icing performance and friction resistance, etc., so that it can be widely used in biomedical applications, chemical and petroleum industries and other fields.

[0088] Among them, the low-temperature atomized silicone oil treatment time is 1 minute.

[0089] In summary, the method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment provided by the method only requires low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment on the surface of the sample and then laser etching. The overall operation process is simple, convenient and easy to implement.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 7 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that specific operation methods are provided in each step S1 to S4.

[0092] In step S1, the specific operations are implemented as follows:

[0093] The surface of the sample with a size of a×b is polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through a grinding machine to remove the surface oxide layer and obtain a relatively smooth surface;

[0094] Place the sample 100 in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol until the sample 100 is completely immersed, then place the glass dish and the sample 100 in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, set the cleaning time to t1, and press the "Start" button to clean and remove the debris on the surface caused by grinding;

[0095] After cleaning, the surface of the sample 100 is dried in a drying oven for a time period of t2.

[0096] After step S1 is completed, step S2 is implemented, and step S2 includes sub-steps S21 to S26 in sequence:

[0097] In S21, an air compressor with an exhaust pressure of P1 is used to provide an air source, and the gas is filtered and dried before being provided to the micro-lubrication device 200;

[0098] Debug the micro-lubrication device 200, put the silicone oil with viscosity η, density ρ and surface tension σ into the oil tank 201 of the micro-lubrication device 200, ensure that the oil amount is above the "minimum oil amount line", fix the sample 100, select the round nozzle 202 with a diameter of A, and adjust the position of the nozzle 202 in the micro-lubrication device 200 so that the distance between it and the surface of the sample 100 is L;

[0099] The micro-lubrication device 200 uses a quasi-dry external oil supply device, such as Figure 2 As shown, the micro-lubrication device 200 is composed of an oil tank 201, a nozzle 202, an air inlet 203 on the micro-lubrication device 200, a pressure gauge 204, a pressure knob 205, a filter copper core 206, a frequency generator 207, a gas diverter 208, a combinable pump 209, an air flow control valve 210, a liquid flow knob 211, an air pressure valve 212, and an air pressure gauge 213. The preset parameters of the micro-lubrication device 200 include the spray pressure P a , liquid flow rate Q1, air flow rate Q2, nozzle 202 diameter A and nozzle 202 distance L;

[0100] Through the mapping formula of the average diameter D of the atomized droplets and related parameters, D = f{P a , Q1, Q2, A}, adjust the various parameters of the micro-lubrication device, set the inlet pressure P of the micro-lubrication device 200 a , liquid flow rate Q1, air flow rate Q2 and round nozzle diameter A;

[0101] Specifically, the air compressor intake pressure is controlled to P1 by observing the pressure gauge 204 and adjusting the pressure valve 205, and the liquid flow knob 211 is adjusted to set the oil consumption to Q1; the air flow control valve 210 is adjusted to control the air flow Q2, and the appropriate gas-liquid ratio is adjusted so that the silicone oil is sprayed in a good atomized form;

[0102] This proportional relationship is obtained through the empirical formula of experimental data, Q2∝Pa 0.5 , D∝A, the following formula is summarized and adjusted according to the following formula to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

[0103]

[0104] Among them, C is the proportionality coefficient and n is the exponential parameter.

[0105] In S22, a suitable vortex tube 500 is selected, such as Figure 3As shown, the vortex tube 500 is composed of a temperature regulating valve 501, an air inlet 502, a cold end outlet 503, a hot end outlet 504 and a vortex chamber 505 of the vortex tube 500. The parameters set for the vortex tube 500 include the pressure P provided by the air compressor on the vortex tube 500, the diameter of the air inlet 502, the inner diameter of the vortex tube, the diameter of the cold end outlet 503 and the low-temperature atomization temperature T2°C;

[0106] The diameter of the air inlet 502 is D p , the inner diameter of the vortex tube is D v The diameter of the cold end outlet 503 is D O The vortex tube 500 is used as a low temperature processing device, and the temperature reduction amplitude ΔT of the vortex tube is obtained by the following formula;

[0107]

[0108] Where K is the efficiency of the vortex tube, D P is the diameter of the vortex tube inlet 502, D V is the inner diameter of the vortex tube, D O is the diameter of the cold end outlet (503), P is the vortex tube inlet pressure, P0 is the atmospheric pressure, and n is an exponential parameter.

[0109] In S23, the first air compressor 600 with an exhaust pressure of P1 is connected to the micro-lubrication device 200, the outlet of the micro-lubrication device 200 and the second air compressor 700 with an exhaust pressure of P2 are connected to the vortex tube inlet 502 through a T-tube, the input end of the nozzle 202 is connected to the cold end outlet 503 of the vortex tube, the raw tape is used to maintain the air tightness of the vortex tube inlet 502 and the cold end outlet 503, the hot end outlet 504 is checked for blockage, the one-way valve 800 is connected between the second air compressor 700 and the T-tube to prevent the gas backflow of the micro-lubrication device 200, and the pressure gauge I and the pressure knob I are connected between the first air compressor 600 and the micro-lubrication device 200 to detect and control the intake pressure of the micro-lubrication device 200;

[0110] Connect the pressure gauge II and the pressure knob II between the T-tube and the vortex tube 500 to detect and control the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube. Connect the pressure gauge 213 and the air pressure valve 212 between the cold end outlet 503 and the nozzle 202 to detect and control the spray pressure. Place a thermocouple thermometer at a radial distance L from the nozzle 202 to obtain the ambient temperature T1 and the low-temperature atomization temperature T2.

[0111] When the temperature reduction amplitude ΔT=T1-T2<25°C, perform S24 operation, otherwise, execute S25.

[0112] In S24, the vortex tube is supplied with air in series;

[0113] Open the pressure knob I, close the second air compressor 700, use the first air compressor 600 to provide air pressure to the micro-lubrication device 200 and the vortex tube 500, and control the pressure knob II to make the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube P;

[0114] In S25, when the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube 500 exceeds the air outlet pressure tolerance range of the micro-lubrication device 200, the vortex tube 500 is supplied with air in parallel;

[0115] Open the pressure knob I, use the first air compressor 600 with exhaust pressure P1 to provide air pressure to the micro-lubricating device 200 and the vortex tube 500, use the second air compressor 700 with exhaust pressure P2 to supplement the air pressure lacking in the vortex tube, and control the pressure knob II to make the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube P;

[0116] Adjust the temperature regulating valve 501 of the vortex tube 500 to set the low-temperature atomization temperature to T2. Due to the pressure loss at the hot end outlet 504, the spray pressure is P a ', adjust the air pressure valve 212 to adjust the air pressure to P a , maintaining the atomization pressure, the cold air flow and silicone oil are mixed at the nozzle 202 for low-temperature atomization.

[0117] In S26, after selecting the device connection mode, the switch of the micro-lubrication device 200 is turned on to perform low-temperature atomization silicone oil treatment to achieve precise control of atomized droplets and stable surface deposition, reduce losses in the air, and the atomization time is t3;

[0118] The spray field was filmed with a high-speed camera, and the recorded video was decomposed into single-frame images, which were imported into the image processing software ImageJ. The edge detection algorithm was used to identify the outline of the droplets, calculate the diameter of each droplet, count the sizes of all droplets, and perform data analysis to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets;

[0119] In S27, the following formula is calculated by the corresponding mapping formula, v0 = f{Pa, A}, {Wa, Re, Ca} = f{η, ρ, σ, D, v0}, and the velocity v0, Weber number We, Reynolds number Re and gross coefficient Ca of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle 202 are obtained according to the following formula, so as to measure the atomization effect;

[0120]

[0121] Wherein, Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number;

[0122] In S28, the magnitudes of We, Re and Ca are determined according to the calculation results;

[0123] If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the droplet is easy to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface; otherwise, the droplet is stable and difficult to break, forming a rounded shape on the surface, slowly depositing, and spreading limitedly.

[0124] After step S2 is completed, step S3 is implemented, and step S3 includes sub-steps S31 to S33 in sequence:

[0125] In S31, a laser 400 is used. The laser 400 is selected as an ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser, which is composed of a computer controller 401, a focusing lens 402, a reflector 403, and a laser light source 404. The preset parameters of the laser include laser scanning speed, laser scanning spacing, laser processing area, laser power, frequency, pulse width and spot diameter, such as Figure 6 As shown, d is the laser scanning distance, w is the spot diameter, the laser 400 is turned on, and the program value can be preset through the computer controller 401;

[0126] Turn on the switch of the laser 400, set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller 401 as a processing pattern, set the processing pattern size to a×b, in mm; and,

[0127] Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to E, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and,

[0128] Place the sample 100 in the processing area, click the marking button to perform laser etching, the laser light source 404 outputs laser, and the laser is focused on the sample through the reflector 403 and the focusing lens 402 to perform etching, thereby preparing a surface microstructure;

[0129] In S32, most of the silicone oil, black matter generated by the laser processing of the silicone oil, and the cuttings generated by the laser processing of the sample 100 are cleaned with deionized water, and then the sample 100 is placed in a glass dish, anhydrous ethanol is poured into it, and then the glass dish is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and the cleaning time t4 is set, and a clean fine brush is used to remove the remaining silicone oil, residue, black matter generated by the laser processing of the silicone oil, and the cuttings generated by the laser processing of the sample. After cleaning, a drying oven is used to dry the surface of the sample 100 for a time of t2;

[0130] Among them, the cleaning method is a combination of deionized water, ultrasonic waves, anhydrous ethanol and a fine-bristle brush.

[0131] In S33, the wettability test is performed on the cleaned sample 100. The sample 100 is placed on a test platform. As the platform rises, the surface gradually approaches the droplet 300. After contact, it is squeezed to make full contact. Then, the platform is lowered to separate the droplet 300 from the syringe. The static contact angle θ of the surface of the sample 100 is measured using a contact angle meter.

[0132] After step S3 is completed, step S4 is implemented, and step S4 includes sub-steps S41 to S43 in sequence:

[0133] In S41, the size of the static contact angle θ is determined;

[0134] If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the hydrophobicity is improved by reducing the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning spacing d in S31, that is, assuming that the laser scanning speed is 100 mm / s and the laser scanning spacing is 300 μm before, and the experiment is repeated under the condition of θ less than 150°, the laser scanning speed needs to be reduced to less than 100 mm / s, and the laser scanning spacing needs to be reduced to less than 300 μm;

[0135] If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

[0136] In S42, the sample 100 is subjected to an adhesion test to measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface, and the sample 100 in contact with the bottom of the droplet 300 is moved at a certain speed, and the shape of the droplet 300 becomes asymmetric;

[0137] Specifically, the sample 100 is placed on the test platform, and the surface gradually approaches the droplet 300 as the platform rises. After contact, it continues to be squeezed to make full contact, and then the platform is moved horizontally at a certain speed to make the bottom of the droplet 300 move continuously on the surface;

[0138] The measurement forms two different contact angles on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely the advancing contact angle θ A and the receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ;

[0139] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ can indicate the difficulty of the liquid droplet 300 moving on the surface. The larger the value, the more difficult it is for the liquid droplet 300 to move, and also the stronger the adhesion of the surface.

[0140] In S43, the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ is determined; and,

[0141] If Δθ<30°, repeat the operation process of S21 to S42, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil in S21 is increased to improve the adhesion; and

[0142] If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

[0143] Example 3

[0144] Reference Figures 1 to 10 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, and the difference is that an embodiment for executing the method disclosed in the present invention is provided.

[0145] Example of low-temperature atomized silicone oil-assisted laser preparation of high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface The selected sample is Ti6Al4V alloy, the industrial grade is TC4, and the titanium alloy sample with a size of 30×30 mm and a thickness of 4 mm is selected.

[0146] The specific operations are as follows:

[0147] Z1: Use 600#, 1000#, and 1500# ordinary sandpaper to grind the surface of a titanium alloy plate with a size of 30×30mm and a thickness of 4mm in a grinding machine to remove the surface oxide layer and obtain a relatively smooth surface. Place the titanium alloy plate in a glass dish and pour in an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol until the titanium alloy plate is completely immersed;

[0148] Place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 minutes (usually 3-5 minutes) to remove the debris from the surface caused by grinding;

[0149] After cleaning, the surface of the titanium alloy plate was dried in a drying oven for 1 min.

[0150] Z2: Use an air compressor with a rated exhaust pressure of 0.8MPa to provide the air source. The micro-lubrication device 200 used is a FS-type quasi-dry external oil supply device produced by Fuji BC Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., which has a maximum air pressure of 0.8MPa. After the gas is dried by the filter copper core 206, the air inlet pressure of the micro-lubrication device is within the range of 0.7MPa-0.8MPa by observing the pressure gauge Ⅰ and controlling the pressure knob Ⅰ, and the micro-lubrication device 200 is debugged;

[0151] In order to facilitate atomization, form small and uniform droplets and provide excellent stability, this embodiment uses a viscosity of 20 cSt and a density of 0.95 g / cm 3 and silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane) with a surface tension of 21 mN / m;

[0152] Put silicone oil into the oil tank 201 of the micro-lubrication device 200, and ensure that the oil dosage is above the "minimum oil level line";

[0153] According to the empirical formula Where C = 1.15, n = 0.5, control the relevant parameters to adjust the average diameter of the atomized droplets;

[0154] By observing the pressure gauge 213 and adjusting the pressure valve 212, the spray pressure is controlled within the range of 0.4MPa-0.5MPa, and the liquid flow knob 211 is adjusted to set the oil consumption to 4-8ml / min; the air flow control valve 210 is adjusted to control the air flow to 60-70L / min;

[0155] The titanium alloy plate was fixed, a round nozzle 202 with a diameter of 3.2 mm was selected, and the position of the nozzle 202 of the micro-lubrication device 200 was adjusted so that it was 30 mm away from the surface of the titanium alloy plate.

[0156] The room temperature was measured at 34°C by a thermocouple thermometer, and room temperature atomization was performed. However, due to the evaporation or diffusion of droplet atomization, the uniformity of droplet deposition on the surface decreased, such as Figure 4 As shown on the left, low-temperature atomization is performed to improve the atomization effect.

[0157] Z3: The required temperature for low temperature atomization is 4-6°C, and the temperature reduction range is 28-30°C. According to the mapping formula ΔT=f{D p ,D v ,D o ,P}, select a suitable vortex tube 500 for the test, and use the vortex tube 500 with model SR-WLG02 produced by Jiangsu Sirui Pneumatic Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. The efficiency of the vortex tube is 0.3, the air inlet 502 is a one-point threaded port, the inner diameter of the vortex tube 500 is 27mm, the cold end outlet 503 is a two-point threaded port, the index parameter is 3, and the atmospheric pressure is 0.1MPa, indicating that the vortex tube 500 can effectively perform low-temperature atomization;

[0158]

[0159] Z4: The temperature decreases by 28-30℃>25℃. At this time, the required intake pressure of the vortex tube is 0.9MPa. The required air pressure exceeds the intake pressure tolerance range of the micro-lubrication device. The vortex tube is supplied with air in parallel, and the first air compressor 600 with an exhaust pressure of 0.8MPa is used to provide air pressure for the micro-lubrication device 200.

[0160] By observing the pressure gauge Ⅰ and controlling the pressure knob Ⅰ, the air inlet pressure of the micro-lubrication device is within the range of 0.7MPa-0.8MPa, adjusting the liquid flow knob 211, and setting the oil consumption to 5-9ml / min; adjusting the air flow control valve 210, and controlling the air flow to 70-80L / min. Use the second air compressor 700 with an exhaust pressure of 0.4MPa to supplement the air pressure lacking in the vortex tube, and the two gases are mixed in the T-tube, observing the pressure gauge Ⅱ and controlling the pressure knob Ⅱ, and making the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube 0.9MPa;

[0161] Rotate and adjust the temperature regulating valve of the vortex tube, and use a thermocouple thermometer to measure the temperature at 30mm radial of the nozzle to be 4°C;

[0162] Connect the pressure gauge and pressure valve to the nozzle, control the spray pressure to 0.4-0.5MPa, and perform low-temperature atomization. The atomization effect is as follows: Figure 4 Shown on the right.

[0163] Z5: Turn on the switch of the micro-lubrication device 200, perform low-temperature atomization silicone oil treatment for 1 minute, and use a high-speed camera to shoot the spray field at the same time. Decompose the recorded video into single-frame images, import them into the image processing software ImageJ, use the edge detection algorithm to identify the droplet contour, calculate the diameter of each droplet, count the sizes of all droplets, perform data analysis, and obtain the average diameter of the atomized droplets in the range of 30-60μm.

[0164] Z6: Calculate the velocity v0, Weber number We, Reynolds number Re and capillary number Ca through the mapping formula, v0 = f{Pa, A}, {Wa, Re, Ca} = f{η, ρ, σ, D, v0};

[0165] The calculation results of the low-temperature atomized silicone oil in this embodiment are as follows: the Weber number ranges from 9250 to 14550, the Reynolds number ranges from 117900 to 147690, and the capillary number ranges from 74.9 to 93.7, which indicates that the flow, rupture and deformation behaviors of the droplets during the low-temperature atomization process are very significant, and a thin liquid film can be formed under the surface.

[0166]

[0167] Z7: Turn on the SJ-ZW05 ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser 400, preset the program value through the computer controller 401, and set the scanning path to a cross shape;

[0168] Draw a grid pattern as the processing pattern for this time, set the grid pattern size to 30×30, unit mm, set the laser scanning speed to 50mm / s, the laser scanning interval to 100μm, the processing times to 1, the laser power to 5W, the frequency to 30KHz, the pulse width to 30μs, and the spot diameter to 50μm;

[0169] Place the titanium alloy plate in the processing area, click the marking button for laser etching, the laser light source 404 outputs laser, and the laser is focused on the titanium alloy plate through the reflector 403 and the focusing lens 402 for etching to prepare the surface microstructure.

[0170] Z8: Use deionized water to clean most of the silicone oil, black matter generated by laser processing of silicone oil, and chips generated by laser processing of titanium alloy plate on the surface of laser-processed titanium alloy plate; then put the titanium alloy in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and use anhydrous ethanol as solvent to clean for 5 minutes (usually 5-10 minutes), and use a clean fine brush at the same time to remove the residual silicone oil, black matter generated by laser processing of silicone oil, and chips generated by laser processing of titanium alloy plate on the surface of titanium alloy plate;

[0171] After cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the surface of the sample for 1 min.

[0172] Z9: Perform wettability test on the cleaned titanium alloy plate. Place the titanium alloy plate on the test platform, squeeze the syringe to get a 5μl water droplet, and the surface gradually approaches the droplet as the platform rises;

[0173] After contact, continue to squeeze 0.2mm to make it fully contact, then lower the platform to separate the droplet from the syringe, and use SDC-100 contact angle meter to measure the surface contact angle of the titanium alloy plate, and the static contact angle θ of the surface is 155.0°.

[0174] Z10: Adhesion test of titanium alloy plate, measuring the contact angle hysteresis Δθ of the surface;

[0175] Place the titanium alloy plate on the test platform, squeeze the syringe to get a 5μl water droplet, and the surface will gradually approach the droplet 300 as the platform rises;

[0176] After contact, continue to squeeze 0.2mm to make it fully contact, then move the platform horizontally at a speed of 5mm / s to make the bottom of the droplet 300 move continuously on the surface, and measure the two different contact angles formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, which are the advancing contact angle θ A and the receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles, i.e. the contact angle hysteresis Δθ is 70.5°;

[0177] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ is greater than 30°, indicating that the surface has high adhesion.

[0178] Z11: Different methods are used to prepare the surface:

[0179] The first method is to directly undergo laser etching;

[0180] After cleaning the surface, its wettability and adhesion were tested. The static contact angle θ of the surface prepared by this method was 0, which showed super hydrophilicity and high adhesion.

[0181] The second method is to immerse the titanium alloy plate in a glass dish filled with silicone oil after laser etching, and perform heat treatment at a temperature of 150°C for 20 minutes. After cleaning the surface, its wettability and adhesion are tested. The static contact of the surface prepared by this method is 154.6°, and the surface is superhydrophobic. The contact angle hysteresis Δθ of the titanium alloy plate surface is measured to be 7.1°.

[0182] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ is less than 30°, and the surface does not have high adhesion.

[0183] The surface prepared using the method of this application has a surface contact angle of 155.0° and a contact angle hysteresis Δθ of 70.5°. The surface is both super-hydrophobic and highly adhesive.

[0184] Z12: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the three surfaces;

[0185] Depend on Fig. 9 It can be seen that the surface processed by direct laser and the surface treated by silicone oil heat show hydrophilic titanium oxide and titanium, while the surface treated by low temperature atomized silicone oil shows only titanium;

[0186] The absence of hydrophilic titanium oxide on the surface is one of the reasons why the surface prepared by the present invention has super hydrophobicity.

[0187] Z13: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the three surfaces;

[0188] Depend on Fig.10 (a) It can be seen that the C1s peak and Si2p peak of the surface treated with low-temperature atomized silicone oil are significantly higher than those of the surface directly processed by laser and the surface treated with silicone oil; the Ti2p peak is significantly lower than the Ti2p peaks of the other two surfaces;

[0189] Further analysis, by Fig.10 (b) It can be seen that the CC group content of the surface directly processed by laser is 73.90%, the CC group content of the surface treated by silicone oil heat treatment reaches 81.49%, and the non-polar CC group content of the surface treated by low-temperature atomized silicone oil reaches 95.10%;

[0190] The CC group is a non-polar group. The lower the surface polarity, the stronger the hydrophobicity. The high content of CC groups on the surface is one of the reasons why the surface prepared by the present invention has super hydrophobicity.

[0191] Depend on Fig.10 (c) It can be seen that the surface O treated by low temperature atomized silicone oil 2-The content of metal oxide groups is 0%, which is much lower than that of the other two surfaces. 2- The group content further proves that the surface treated with low-temperature atomized silicone oil contains no hydrophilic titanium oxide;

[0192] Depend on Fig.10 (c) It can be seen that the SiO2 content of the surface treated with low-temperature atomized silicone oil is 30.11%, the content of the surface directly processed by laser and the surface treated with silicone oil heat is 3.29% and 0, respectively; SiO2 can form a strong interaction with polar molecules (such as water), thereby enhancing the adhesion of the surface treated with low-temperature atomized silicone oil.

[0193] Example 4

[0194] Reference Figures 1 to 10 This is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is an application of a method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment. By implementing the above-proposed method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface can be obtained, which is applied to droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection projects.

[0195] Specifically, high-adhesion superhydrophobic materials use their unique surface properties to efficiently control the movement direction and speed of droplets in droplet transport. In drug delivery, they can ensure the precise release of drugs at specific locations to improve efficacy. In fog collection projects, they can improve the efficiency of water collection by promoting the rapid spreading and merging of droplets.

[0196] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0197] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment may not be described (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention).

[0198] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0199] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, characterized in that: include, S1: Pre-treating the surface of the sample (100) by grinding; S2: treating the sample (100) with low temperature atomized silicone oil; S3: performing laser etching on the sample (100); S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100); The temperature of low-temperature atomization is 4°C to 6°C. Low-temperature atomization is used to maintain the shape of atomized droplets, slow down the evaporation and diffusion rates, and make the atomized droplets evenly deposited on the surface of the sample (100).

2. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the sample (100) is pre-treated by grinding. include, The surface of the sample (100) with a size of a×b is polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through a grinding machine; Place the sample (100) in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol until the sample (100) is completely immersed, then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and set the cleaning time to t1; After cleaning, the surface of the sample (100) is dried in a drying oven for a time period of t2.

3. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The step of subjecting the sample (100) to low temperature atomized silicone oil treatment comprises: S21: using an air compressor with an exhaust pressure of P1 to provide an air source, and the air is filtered and dried before being provided to the micro-lubrication device (200); Debugging the micro-lubrication device (200), loading silicone oil with a viscosity of η, a density of ρ and a surface tension of σ into the oil tank (201) of the micro-lubrication device (200), fixing the sample (100), selecting a round nozzle (202) with a diameter of A, and adjusting the distance between the nozzle (202) and the surface of the sample (100) to be L; Perform atomization treatment in room temperature environment, set the liquid flow Q1 and air flow Q2 of the micro-lubrication device, adjust the air pressure valve at the nozzle (202), and set the spray pressure P a ; According to the formula below, adjust to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets; Among them, C is the proportionality coefficient and n is the exponential parameter.

4. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The step of subjecting the sample (100) to low temperature atomized silicone oil treatment comprises: S22: The atomized droplets are uniformly deposited on the surface of the sample (100) by maintaining the shape of the atomized droplets at low temperature; Using a vortex tube (500) for low temperature treatment; The temperature reduction amplitude ΔT of the vortex tube is obtained by the following formula; Where K is the efficiency of the vortex tube, D P is the diameter of the vortex tube air inlet (502), D V is the inner diameter of the vortex tube (500), D O is the diameter of the cold end outlet (503), P is the vortex tube inlet pressure, P0 is the atmospheric pressure, and n is an exponential parameter; S23: connecting a first air compressor (600) having an exhaust pressure of P1 to the micro-lubrication device (200), connecting the outlet of the micro-lubrication device (200) and a second air compressor (700) having an exhaust pressure of P2 to the air inlet (502) of the vortex tube via a T-tube, connecting the input end of the nozzle (202) to the cold end outlet (503) of the vortex tube, using raw tape to maintain the air tightness of the air inlet (502) and the cold end outlet (503) of the vortex tube, checking whether the hot end outlet (504) is blocked, connecting a one-way valve (800) between the second air compressor (700) and the T-tube to prevent the gas from flowing back from the micro-lubrication device (200), and connecting a pressure gauge I and a pressure knob I between the first air compressor (600) and the micro-lubrication device (200) to detect and control the air inlet pressure of the micro-lubrication device (200); Connecting a pressure gauge II and a pressure knob II between the T-tube and the vortex tube (500) to detect and control the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube, connecting a pressure gauge (213) and an air pressure valve (212) between the cold end outlet (503) and the nozzle (202) to detect and control the spray pressure, placing a thermocouple thermometer at a radial distance L from the nozzle (202) to obtain an ambient temperature T1 and a low-temperature atomization temperature T2; When the temperature reduction range ΔT=T1-T2<25℃, perform S24 operation, otherwise, execute S25; S24: supplying air to the vortex tube (500) in series; The second air compressor (700) is turned off, the pressure knob I is controlled, the first air compressor (600) is used to provide air pressure to the micro-lubrication device (200) and the vortex tube (500), and the pressure knob II is controlled so that the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube is P; S25: When the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube (500) exceeds the air outlet pressure tolerance range of the micro-lubrication device (200), air is supplied to the vortex tube (500) in parallel; Control the pressure knob I, use the first air compressor (600) with exhaust pressure P1 to provide air pressure for the micro-lubrication device (200) and the vortex tube (500), use the second air compressor (700) with exhaust pressure P2 to supplement the air pressure lacking in the vortex tube, and control the pressure knob II so that the air inlet pressure of the vortex tube is P; Adjust the temperature regulating valve (501) of the vortex tube (500) to set the low-temperature atomization temperature to T2. Due to the pressure loss at the hot end outlet (504), the spray pressure is P′. a , adjust the air pressure valve (212) to adjust the air pressure to P a , the atomization pressure is maintained, and the cold air flow and silicone oil are mixed at the nozzle (202) for low-temperature atomization.

5. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The step of subjecting the sample (100) to low temperature atomized silicone oil treatment further comprises: S26: After selecting the device connection mode, turn on the switch of the micro-lubrication device (200) to perform low-temperature atomization silicone oil treatment to achieve precise control of atomized droplets and stable surface deposition, reduce loss in the air, and the atomization time is t3; The spray field was photographed using a high-speed camera, and the contour of the atomized droplets was analyzed using image processing software to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

6. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The step of subjecting the sample (100) to low temperature atomized silicone oil treatment further comprises: S27: According to the following formula, the velocity v0 of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle (202), the Weber number We, the Reynolds number Re and the capillary number Ca are obtained, thereby measuring the atomization effect; Wherein, Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number; S28: Determine the size of We, Re and Ca according to the calculation results; If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the droplet is easy to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface; otherwise, the droplet is stable and difficult to break, forming a rounded shape on the surface, slowly depositing, and spreading limitedly.

7. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The laser etching of the sample (100) comprises: S31: Turn on the switch of the laser (400), set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller (401) as a processing pattern, and set the processing pattern size to a×b; and, Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to E, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and, Place the sample (100) in the processing area, click the marking button to perform laser etching, and prepare the surface microstructure; S32: using deionized water to rinse the surface of the sample (100) after laser processing to remove most of the silicone oil and residue on the surface, then placing the sample (100) in a glass dish, pouring anhydrous ethanol into it, and then placing the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, setting the cleaning time t4, and using a fine brush to remove the remaining silicone oil and residue, after cleaning, using a drying oven to dry the surface of the sample (100) for a time of t2; S33: Perform a wettability test on the cleaned sample (100), and use a contact angle meter to measure the static contact angle θ of the surface of the sample (100).

8. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The step of determining the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100) comprises: S41: Determine the size of the static contact angle θ; If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning interval d in S31 are numerically reduced to improve the hydrophobicity; If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

9. The method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The step of determining the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100) further includes: S42: Conduct an adhesion test on the sample (100) to measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface. Move the sample (100) in contact with the bottom of the droplet (300) at a certain speed. The shape of the droplet (300) becomes asymmetric. Two different contact angles are formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, which are the advancing contact angle θ A and the receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; S43: Determine the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; and If Δθ<30°, the operation process of S21 to S42 is repeated, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil in S21 is increased to improve the adhesion; and, If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

10. Application of a method for preparing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment, characterized in that: The method for preparing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by low-temperature atomized silicone oil pretreatment as described in claim 1 is implemented to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface, which is applied to droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection engineering.

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