An energy-efficient HVAC system for marine engineering

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering, comprising: an energy recovery unit, an air handling unit, a refrigeration and heating unit, a control system, and an environmental sensing unit; the energy recovery unit, the air handling unit, the refrigeration and heating unit, and the environmental sensing unit are respectively connected to the control system; the air handling unit is connected to an air intake pipe, one end of the energy recovery unit is connected to the exhaust gas or wastewater discharge pipe of the marine engineering facility, and the other end is connected to the air intake pipe, and the air outlet of the air handling unit is connected to the air intake of the refrigeration and heating unit through a pipe. Beneficial effects: energy saving efficiency is significantly improved; environmental adaptability and system reliability are enhanced; precise zoning environmental regulation and optimized air handling; intelligent control and convenient remote operation; reduced maintenance costs and improved system safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of HVAC systems, and in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern marine engineering, including the development of various facilities such as offshore oil platforms, marine ships, offshore wind power generation devices, and seabed observatories, the demand for environmental conditioning systems has become increasingly prominent, among which the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system plays a vital role. However, the existing HVAC system faces many challenges and limitations in marine engineering applications, which need to be solved urgently.

[0003] First, the complexity of the marine environment poses a huge challenge to the HVAC system. The marine environment has significant temperature and humidity fluctuation characteristics. The temperature range in different sea areas varies greatly, from the extreme cold of the polar regions to the scorching heat of the tropics, and the humidity is often at a high level, which makes it difficult for traditional HVAC systems to achieve effective temperature and humidity regulation. For example, in marine facilities in tropical waters, due to the high temperature and humidity of the external environment, the HVAC system needs to run the refrigeration function at high load for a long time, but the refrigeration capacity of the traditional system is limited, and it is difficult to maintain a stable indoor comfortable environment; while in polar waters, the system needs a continuous and stable heating function. The existing system consumes a lot of energy and is inefficient in such an extreme low temperature environment. At the same time, there is a high concentration of salt spray in the marine environment, which contains a large amount of salt and chemicals. These substances will cause serious corrosion to the metal parts of the HVAC system, including compressors, heat exchangers, ventilation ducts, sensors and other key components. This corrosion will lead to a decline in equipment performance, shortened service life, increased maintenance costs and repair frequency, and even affect the normal operation and safety of marine engineering facilities.

[0004] Secondly, the energy supply conditions of marine engineering facilities are special. Compared with land facilities, marine facilities usually rely on their own energy, such as diesel generators or limited power reserves, and the energy supply is relatively tight and difficult to replenish. Traditional HVAC systems do not fully consider the energy limitations of marine engineering when they are designed, and often adopt high-energy consumption operation modes, failing to achieve effective energy recovery and utilization. On some large offshore platforms, the HVAC system may account for a considerable proportion of energy consumption, which not only increases operating costs, but also poses a threat to the energy reserves and supply stability of the entire facility.

[0005] Furthermore, the existing HVAC systems are deficient in terms of adaptability and precise adjustment to the marine environment. For marine engineering facilities, different areas have very different environmental requirements. For example, work areas, living areas, equipment storage areas, etc. require different temperature, humidity and air quality standards. However, most traditional HVAC systems can only provide a relatively single environmental adjustment function and cannot perform refined zoning adjustments according to the specific needs of different areas. Moreover, in the marine environment, environmental factors such as wave impact, storm impact, and microbial attachment will have additional impacts on the operation of the HVAC system. For example, microorganisms attached to the surface of ventilation ducts and heat exchangers will reduce the ventilation and heat exchange efficiency of the system, and traditional systems lack effective countermeasures.

[0006] In addition, existing HVAC systems are not smart enough in terms of control. Their perception of the environment is usually simple, relying only on a small number of sensors for basic temperature and humidity monitoring, and lacking comprehensive perception and analysis of complex environmental factors. And when adjusting the system operating status based on environmental information, simple control logic is often used, and it is impossible to make advance adjustments based on the dynamic changes and trends of the environment, resulting in a delayed response of the system to environmental changes, resulting in energy waste and unstable system performance.

[0007] From an environmental perspective, the refrigerants used in some traditional HVAC systems may have a negative impact on the environment and fail to comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Moreover, in the marine environment, the system may have a potential impact on the marine ecology, such as refrigerant leakage will pollute the marine environment, and the existing system lacks sufficient consideration in its design and use.

[0008] In summary, the existing HVAC systems for marine engineering have many deficiencies in coping with the complexity of the marine environment, energy utilization, zoning control, intelligent control and environmental protection, and can no longer meet the development needs of modern marine engineering facilities. There is an urgent need for a new type of high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system that can achieve efficient energy utilization, precise environmental regulation, reliable equipment operation and good environmental adaptability in the marine environment, while meeting environmental protection requirements and providing strong support for the development of marine engineering. The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an innovative HVAC system solution for marine engineering. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, especially to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering that can solve the above problems.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

[0011] A highly efficient and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering, comprising:

[0012] Energy recovery unit, used to recover heat from exhaust gas or wastewater discharged from marine engineering facilities and preheat or precool fresh air entering the system;

[0013] Air handling units, which filter impurities from ocean air and regulate the humidity of the air;

[0014] Refrigeration and heating units for regulating ambient temperature;

[0015] The control system, based on a microprocessor and intelligent algorithms, dynamically adjusts the system's operating parameters based on data from the environmental sensing unit;

[0016] Environmental sensing unit, used to monitor the temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray concentration of the environment;

[0017] The energy recovery unit, air processing unit, cooling and heating unit, and environment sensing unit are respectively connected to the control system;

[0018] The air handling unit is connected to an air intake pipe, one end of the energy recovery unit is connected to the waste gas or wastewater discharge pipe of the marine engineering facility, and the other end is connected to the air intake pipe, and the air outlet of the air handling unit is connected to the air inlet of the cooling and heating unit through a pipe.

[0019] A further solution of the present invention is that the energy recovery unit is a heat exchanger.

[0020] A further solution of the present invention is that the air processing unit includes a filter, a dehumidifier and a humidifier, and the filter is connected to the humidifier through the dehumidifier.

[0021] A further solution of the present invention is that the filter is a multi-stage structure, including a coarse filter, a medium filter and a high efficiency filter, the coarse filter is connected to the high efficiency filter through the medium filter, and the filters at each stage can be disassembled and replaced independently.

[0022] A further solution of the present invention is that the refrigeration and heating unit includes a ventilation duct, the ventilation duct is connected to a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the condenser and the evaporator respectively through a reversing valve, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the throttling device, the outlet of the throttling device is connected to the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the compressor through a pipe.

[0023] A further solution of the present invention is that the compressor is a variable frequency compressor.

[0024] A further solution of the present invention is that the control system has remote monitoring and control functions, and can realize remote parameter setting, operation status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the system through network connection.

[0025] A further solution of the present invention is that the environmental sensing unit includes a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors and salt spray sensors, which are distributed in different areas of the marine engineering facility.

[0026] A further solution of the present invention is that the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor and salt spray sensor are all packaged in a waterproof and salt spray proof manner.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] 1. The energy saving efficiency of the present invention is significantly improved:

[0029] Contribution of the energy recovery unit: The energy recovery unit of the system uses a specially designed heat exchanger. By recycling the heat of the exhaust gas or wastewater discharged from the marine engineering facilities, it can significantly reduce the overall energy demand of the system. When the temperature of the exhaust gas or wastewater is higher or lower than the fresh air entering the system, the heat exchanger will automatically transfer the heat from the high-temperature medium to the low-temperature fresh air for preheating or precooling operations. For example, during the refrigeration process, if the heat in the exhaust gas can be used to precool the fresh air, the energy input required for subsequent refrigeration equipment will be reduced; during heating, if the waste heat of the wastewater can be used to preheat the intake air, the energy consumption of the heating equipment can also be reduced. This energy recovery mechanism can improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and greatly save the energy cost of marine engineering facilities. Especially for the marine environment with tight energy supply, it can effectively extend the energy replenishment cycle and improve the operating economy of the facilities.

[0030] Optimization of cooling and heating units:

[0031] The variable frequency compressor in the cooling and heating unit can flexibly adjust the operating frequency according to the actual environmental regulation requirements, avoiding the energy waste caused by the frequent start and stop of traditional fixed frequency compressors. By precisely controlling the frequency of the compressor, the system can accurately match the required cooling or heating power according to the data of the environmental sensing unit, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0032] 2. The present invention can enhance environmental adaptability and system reliability:

[0033] Corrosion-resistant design:

[0034] The sensor of the environmental sensing unit adopts waterproof and salt spray proof packaging to ensure its long-term stable operation in harsh environments.

[0035] Coping with complex environmental changes:

[0036] Multiple temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray sensors in the environmental sensing unit are distributed in different areas of marine engineering facilities, which can comprehensively and accurately monitor environmental information and provide accurate data support for the system. Based on these data, the control system can use intelligent algorithms to adjust the operating status of the system in real time, so that the system can respond quickly to complex situations such as large temperature differences between day and night in the marine environment, seasonal climate changes, and environmental differences in different sea areas. For example, in sea areas with large temperature differences between day and night, the system can automatically switch cooling or heating modes according to temperature changes during the day and at night, ensuring that the environment in the marine engineering facilities is always comfortable and stable, meeting the environmental needs of different equipment and personnel.

[0037] 3. The present invention can accurately regulate the environment in different zones and optimize air treatment:

[0038] Partition control function:

[0039] Combining the detailed data of the environmental sensing unit and the precise control of the control system, this HVAC system can achieve precise environmental adjustment for different areas of marine engineering facilities. For areas with different functions, such as the living area, equipment operation area, storage area, etc. of offshore oil platforms, personalized environmental adjustment can be carried out according to their different requirements for temperature, humidity and air quality. By analyzing and processing the sensor data of different areas, the control system can make differentiated adjustments to the power of the compressor, the opening of the valve, etc., to provide the most suitable environmental conditions for each area, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the facility and the working performance of the equipment.

[0040] Advantages of air handling units:

[0041] The multi-stage filters of the air handling unit can be removed and replaced independently, and can effectively filter various pollutants from large particles to tiny particles and salt mist, ensuring the cleanliness of the air entering the system. In addition, the dehumidifier and humidifier can accurately adjust the air humidity according to the humidity data of the environmental sensing unit, and control the air humidity within the set range to avoid equipment damage and personnel discomfort caused by humidity problems. For example, in the area where precision instruments are stored, precise control of humidity can prevent instruments from being damaged by moisture; in the area where personnel live and work, a comfortable humidity environment can be provided for personnel, improving work efficiency and quality of life.

[0042] 4. The present invention has intelligent control and convenient remote operation:

[0043] Advantages of intelligent control system:

[0044] The control system is based on microprocessors and intelligent algorithms. It can not only make instant adjustments based on the data from the current environmental sensing unit, but also predict environmental change trends through analysis of historical data and optimize the system's operating parameters in advance. This helps avoid system performance fluctuations caused by sudden changes in the environment and keeps the system in an efficient operating state. For example, through intelligent algorithms such as deep learning, the system can adjust the cooling or heating power in advance based on historical temperature and humidity change curves to cope with upcoming environmental changes and avoid energy waste.

[0045] The control system has remote monitoring and control functions, and can realize remote parameter setting, operation status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the system through network connection. This greatly facilitates operators for many marine engineering facilities distributed in the vast ocean. No matter where they are, they can timely grasp the operation of the system, remotely adjust system parameters or handle faults, improve system management efficiency and maintenance convenience, and reduce operating costs.

[0046] 5. The present invention can reduce maintenance costs and improve system safety:

[0047] Easy maintenance and fault warning:

[0048] Since the system uses multi-stage filters that can be removed and replaced independently, maintenance personnel can easily maintain filters of different levels separately without replacing the entire filter, which reduces maintenance costs and time costs. At the same time, the filter of the air handling unit is equipped with a pressure monitoring device. When the pressure difference of the filter reaches the set value, an alarm signal will be issued to remind maintenance personnel to clean or replace it in time to avoid affecting system performance due to filter blockage.

[0049] The fault diagnosis function of the control system can monitor the operating parameters of the key components of the system in real time. When these parameters exceed the normal range, a fault warning will be issued in time, allowing maintenance personnel to take measures in advance to prevent the occurrence or expansion of system failures, reduce downtime losses and maintenance costs caused by system failures, and improve the safety and reliability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a module of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a module of an air handling unit of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a module of the filter of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a module of a cooling and heating unit of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the module connection between the control system and the environment perception unit of the present invention;

[0055] Reference numerals:

[0056] Energy recovery unit 1, air handling unit 2, cooling and heating unit 3, control system 4, environmental sensing unit 5, filter 201, dehumidifier 202, humidifier 203, coarse-effect filter 2011, medium-effect filter 2012, high-efficiency filter 2013, ventilation duct 301, compressor 302, condenser 303, throttling device 304, evaporator 305, temperature sensor 501, humidity sensor 502, pressure sensor 503, salt spray sensor 504. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering includes:

[0060] Energy recovery unit 1, used to recover the heat of waste gas or waste water discharged from the marine engineering facilities and preheat or precool the fresh air entering the system;

[0061] Air handling unit 2, used to filter impurities in the ocean air and adjust the humidity of the air;

[0062] Refrigeration and heating unit 3, used for regulating the ambient temperature;

[0063] Control system 4, based on a microprocessor and intelligent algorithms, dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the system according to the data of the environmental sensing unit;

[0064] Environmental sensing unit 5, used to monitor the temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray concentration of the environment;

[0065] The energy recovery unit 1, the air processing unit 2, the cooling and heating unit 3, and the environment sensing unit 5 are respectively connected to the control system 4;

[0066] The air handling unit 2 is connected to an air intake pipe, one end of the energy recovery unit 1 is connected to the exhaust gas or wastewater discharge pipe of the marine engineering facility, and the other end is connected to the air intake pipe, and the air outlet of the air handling unit 2 is connected to the air inlet of the cooling and heating unit 3 through a pipe.

[0067] The energy recovery unit 1 is a heat exchanger.

[0068] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0069] 1. Improved energy efficiency

[0070] Efficient use of heat:

[0071] As an energy recovery unit, the heat exchanger can effectively recover the heat of the exhaust gas or wastewater discharged from marine engineering facilities. When the temperature of the exhaust gas or wastewater is higher or lower than the fresh air entering the system, the heat exchanger can transfer the heat from the high-temperature medium to the low-temperature medium using the principle of heat transfer. For example, during the refrigeration process, if the temperature of the exhaust gas or wastewater is higher than that of the fresh air, it can transfer this part of the heat to the fresh air, so that the fresh air is preheated before entering the subsequent refrigeration equipment, thereby reducing the energy input required for the subsequent refrigeration equipment and improving the energy efficiency of the entire system. On the contrary, during the heating process, if the temperature of the exhaust gas or wastewater is lower than that of the fresh air, they can also be used to precool the fresh air to reduce the energy required for subsequent heating. This heat recovery and utilization can significantly reduce the system's dependence on external energy, reduce energy consumption, and achieve energy saving.

[0072] By optimizing the structure of the heat exchanger, such as using multi-layer metal plates and special channel design, the heat exchange area can be increased, the heat transfer efficiency can be further improved, and more heat can be recycled, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0073] 2. Reduce operating costs:

[0074] Reduce energy consumption:

[0075] Due to the heat recovery of the heat exchanger, the energy consumption of the system is significantly reduced. For marine engineering facilities, energy supply is usually limited and costly, especially during long-term operations at sea, where energy replenishment is difficult and expensive. By recycling energy through heat exchangers, the demand for traditional energy such as fuel and electricity is reduced, and operating costs are reduced. In the long run, this can bring significant economic benefits to marine engineering facilities, while extending the energy replenishment cycle and improving the operational efficiency and sustainability of the facilities.

[0076] 3. Enhanced system adaptability:

[0077] Flexible response to environmental changes:

[0078] The heat exchanger can flexibly adjust the direction and intensity of heat exchange according to different environmental conditions and system operating conditions. For example, in different seasons or different marine environments, the temperature relationship between the exhaust gas or wastewater discharged from marine engineering facilities and the temperature of fresh air will be different. The heat exchanger can flexibly perform preheating or precooling operations according to the actual temperature difference, so that the system can better adapt to the complex temperature changes in the marine environment. This adaptability enables the system to use energy more efficiently in various marine environments, enhances the system's adaptability to different environmental conditions, and ensures the stable operation of the system.

[0079] 4. Extend the service life of equipment:

[0080] Reduce equipment workload:

[0081] Using a heat exchanger to preheat or precool the intake air reduces the workload of the refrigeration and heating units. When the intake air has been preheated or precooled, the temperature difference range that the refrigeration or heating equipment needs to handle is reduced, and the corresponding equipment operation time and intensity can be reduced to a certain extent, thereby reducing equipment wear and fatigue and extending the service life of the refrigeration and heating equipment. For example, when the compressor is processing the preheated intake air, it does not need to increase or decrease the temperature too much, and its working pressure and frequency can be reduced accordingly, reducing the working intensity of the compressor and reducing equipment losses.

[0082] 5. Environmental benefits:

[0083] Reduce energy demand and emissions:

[0084] Because heat exchangers can improve energy efficiency and reduce the use of traditional energy, they can indirectly reduce environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions caused by energy consumption. In the context of increasing global attention to environmental protection, reducing energy consumption is of great significance to the environmental performance of marine engineering facilities, in line with the requirements of sustainable development, and also helps to meet relevant environmental regulations and standards.

[0085] 6. Improve system reliability:

[0086] Stable energy recovery:

[0087] As a mature energy recovery technology, heat exchangers can perform energy recovery operations stably under the condition of reasonable design and proper maintenance. The optimization of their structure and materials, such as the use of corrosion-resistant materials such as titanium alloy or stainless steel coated with anti-corrosion coating, can ensure long-term stable operation in the high salt spray environment of the ocean, provide stable energy recovery for the system, and thus improve the reliability and stability of the entire HVAC system, and reduce system performance fluctuations caused by unstable energy supply or energy recovery system failure.

[0088] The air processing unit 2 includes a filter 201 , a dehumidifier 202 and a humidifier 203 , and the filter 201 is connected to the humidifier 203 via the dehumidifier 202 .

[0089] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0090] 1. Good air purification effect:

[0091] Advantages of multi-stage filtration system:

[0092] The filter adopts a multi-stage structure, including a coarse filter 201, a medium filter and a high efficiency filter. This design can effectively remove various impurities in the ocean air. The coarse filter can intercept large particles of impurities, such as sand, dust, sea salt particles, etc., to prevent them from entering the system and causing damage to subsequent equipment components. The medium filter can further filter medium-sized particles, while the high efficiency filter can remove tiny particles and salt mist, ensuring that the air entering the system has a high degree of cleanliness.

[0093] The coordinated work of filters at all levels can gradually filter out impurities in the air from large to small, providing clean air for subsequent dehumidification and humidification operations. At the same time, it also protects other key components in the system, such as the evaporator, condenser and compressor in the cooling and heating units, to prevent impurities from causing wear, corrosion or blockage on them, thereby extending the service life of the entire HVAC system.

[0094] 2. Accurate humidity control:

[0095] Dehumidifier and humidifier work together:

[0096] The cooperation of the dehumidifier 202 and the humidifier 203 can accurately adjust the humidity of the air. The dehumidifier can remove excess moisture from the air according to different principles such as freezing dehumidification or adsorption dehumidification, while the humidifier can add moisture to the air as needed to maintain the humidity of the air within a suitable range.

[0097] For marine engineering facilities, different areas may have different requirements for humidity. For example, in the equipment storage area, low humidity needs to be maintained to prevent equipment from being damaged by moisture; in the living and working areas of personnel, appropriate humidity is required to ensure the comfort and health of personnel. By working together with the dehumidifier and humidifier based on the data of the environmental sensing unit and the instructions of the control system, the humidity can be controlled within the set precise range according to the needs of different areas, improving the system's adaptability and satisfaction to different environmental needs.

[0098] 3. Protect the internal equipment of the system:

[0099] Protects against damage from moisture and impurities:

[0100] First, impurities in the ocean air are filtered through filters to prevent them from entering the system, avoiding impurities from damaging electrical equipment, pipelines, sensors and other components within the system, and reducing the risk of failure caused by impurities.

[0101] At the same time, removing excess moisture through a dehumidifier can prevent moisture from condensing in the system, avoiding corrosion, short circuits, microbial growth and other problems caused by moisture accumulation. For example, in areas where electrical control cabinets are located, maintaining low humidity can prevent electrical equipment from short circuiting due to moisture; in some precision instrument storage areas, it can prevent instruments from being affected by moisture and causing performance or damage, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the system and the reliability of the equipment.

[0102] 4. Improve personnel comfort and work efficiency:

[0103] Suitable environmental conditions:

[0104] In areas where people live and work, a more comfortable environment can be provided by filtering, dehumidifying and humidifying the air. Appropriate humidity can reduce discomfort for people, such as avoiding dry skin and respiratory discomfort caused by too dry air, or stuffiness and mold growth caused by too humid air. A comfortable environment helps improve the work efficiency and quality of life of people, and ensures the physical and mental health of people in marine engineering facilities.

[0105] 5. Improve the overall system performance and reliability:

[0106] Ensure stable operation of the system:

[0107] Filtered and humidity-adjusted air enters the cooling and heating units, enabling the units to work more efficiently. Clean, humidity-appropriate air helps improve heat exchange efficiency, reduces cooling or heating performance degradation caused by impurities and humidity problems, and makes the performance of the entire system more stable.

[0108] In addition, good working condition of filters, dehumidifiers and humidifiers can reduce system failures caused by air factors, improve system reliability, reduce maintenance costs and downtime, and ensure the normal operation of marine engineering facilities and the continued performance of environmental regulation functions.

[0109] 6. Easy to maintain and operate:

[0110] The filters can be removed and replaced independently:

[0111] The multi-stage structure of the filter and the fact that each stage can be removed and replaced independently make it easier for maintenance personnel to maintain the system. When a filter at a certain stage is clogged or damaged, it can be replaced or cleaned separately without replacing the entire filter assembly, reducing maintenance costs and time costs.

[0112] At the same time, for dehumidifiers and humidifiers, they can automatically adjust their working intensity according to the instructions of the control system, which is also convenient for operation and management to a certain extent, making the maintenance and operation of the system more convenient and improving the maintainability and management efficiency of the system.

[0113] The filter 201 is a multi-stage structure, including a coarse filter 2011, a medium filter 2012 and a high efficiency filter 2013. The coarse filter 2011 is connected to the high efficiency filter 2013 through the medium filter 2012, and the filters at each stage can be disassembled and replaced independently.

[0114] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0115] 1. Comprehensive and layered air purification effect:

[0116] Filter impurities of different particle sizes step by step:

[0117] The coarse filter 2011 is mainly used to intercept large particles of impurities, such as sand and dust, large particles of sea salt, and large marine biological fragments. The filter screen or filter medium has a large aperture, and through the principle of physical interception and inertial collision, it can effectively block these large particles of impurities from entering the system, preventing them from clogging and damaging subsequent equipment and pipelines. For example, in a marine environment, strong winds may carry a large amount of sand and dust or large particles of marine matter. The coarse filter can serve as the first line of defense to reduce the impact of these large particles on the system.

[0118] The medium-efficiency filter 2012 can further filter medium-sized particles. It uses fiber interception and diffusion effects to intercept medium-sized particles that can pass through the coarse-efficiency filter but may still cause harm to the system, such as slightly smaller salt crystal particles and fine dust. It plays a connecting filtering role and further purifies the air.

[0119] The high efficiency filter 2013 uses special filter paper or filter membrane, and utilizes multiple filtering mechanisms such as interception, diffusion and electrostatic adsorption to remove tiny particles and salt mist. These tiny particles and salt mist may cause corrosion or short circuit damage to sensitive parts of the system such as sensors, precision instruments, electronic components, etc. The high efficiency filter can ensure that the air that finally enters the system is very clean, providing a good operating environment for the precision equipment in the system.

[0120] 2. Easy maintenance and cost control:

[0121] Convenience of independent disassembly and replacement:

[0122] Each level of filter can be removed and replaced independently, which greatly facilitates maintenance work. When the filtering performance of a certain level of filter decreases or reaches the end of its service life, only the filter of that level can be operated without replacing the entire filter assembly. For example, if the coarse filter is blocked due to intercepting a large number of large particles of impurities, maintenance personnel can only remove and replace the coarse filter without affecting the normal use of the medium and high efficiency filters, thereby reducing maintenance costs and time costs.

[0123] Different levels of filters usually have different service lives, and depending on the marine environment and usage, only some filters may need to be replaced more frequently. This independent operation allows targeted maintenance based on actual needs, avoiding the replacement of the entire filter system due to problems with a certain level of filters, extending the service life of other undamaged filters, and improving the resource utilization efficiency of the entire filter system.

[0124] 3. Extend the service life of key components of the system:

[0125] Protect the internal equipment of the system:

[0126] By filtering out impurities of different particle sizes step by step, from large particles to tiny particles and salt mist, the filter effectively protects key components in the system, such as compressors, evaporators, condensers in cooling and heating units, and sensors and circuit boards in control systems, etc. It reduces the risk of wear, corrosion and clogging of these components by impurities and extends their service life.

[0127] For compressors, reducing the entry of impurities can avoid wear of their internal components and ensure their efficient and stable operation; for electronic components, preventing corrosion from salt mist and tiny particles can reduce the risk of short circuits and failures and ensure the reliability and stability of the control system.

[0128] 4. Improve the overall performance and reliability of the system:

[0129] Ensure the stable operation of the system:

[0130] Clean air is essential for the efficient operation of the entire HVAC system. After purification by multi-stage filters, the heat exchangers, pipes and other components in the system can perform heat exchange and air circulation more efficiently, reducing the problems of reduced heat exchange efficiency and increased pipe resistance caused by impurity accumulation.

[0131] Due to the reduction of impurities, fans and other equipment in the system can also run more smoothly, reducing vibration, noise and energy loss caused by impurities, improving the overall performance of the system, enabling the system to operate more stably and reliably, and reducing downtime caused by impurities.

[0132] 5. Adapt to different environmental conditions:

[0133] Flexibility and adaptability:

[0134] In different marine environments, the types and concentrations of impurities may vary. Multi-stage filters can play their respective filtering advantages according to different environmental conditions. For example, in marine engineering facilities close to the coast, there may be more dust and large particles, and coarse filters can play a better role; while in high salt fog environments, high-efficiency filters can better deal with salt fog problems. This multi-stage structure enables the system to better adapt to various complex marine environments, ensuring that the system can achieve good air purification effects in different environments.

[0135] The cooling and heating unit 3 includes a ventilation duct 301, which is connected to a compressor 302, a condenser 303, a throttling device 304, and an evaporator 305. The outlet of the compressor 302 is connected to the condenser 303 and the evaporator 305 through a reversing valve, respectively. The outlet of the condenser 303 is connected to the throttling device 304, and the outlet of the throttling device 304 is connected to the evaporator 305. The outlet of the evaporator 305 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 302 through a pipeline. The compressor 302 is a variable frequency compressor.

[0136] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0137] 1. Flexible switching between cooling and heating modes:

[0138] Advantages of reversing valves:

[0139] By setting a reversing valve at the outlet of the compressor 302, the flow path of the refrigerant can be easily changed, so that the system can flexibly switch between cooling and heating modes. When cooling is required, the refrigerant can flow out of the compressor 302, enter the condenser 303 through the reversing valve, release heat, and then achieve cooling through the throttling device 304 and the evaporator 305; when heating is required, the reversing valve is operated to make the refrigerant flow out of the compressor 302 and enter the evaporator 305 to release heat, thereby achieving the heating function. This design enables the system to quickly adjust the working mode according to the environmental information provided by the environmental sensing unit, meet the different needs for temperature regulation in different seasons, different sea areas or different time periods, and improve the adaptability and versatility of the system.

[0140] 2. Efficient energy conversion and utilization:

[0141] Optimization of refrigerant circulation circuit:

[0142] The entire refrigerant circulation loop consisting of the compressor 302, the condenser 303, the throttling device 304 and the evaporator 305 works according to the vapor compression refrigeration / heat pump principle and can achieve efficient energy conversion. The compressor 302 compresses the refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, providing power for subsequent heat exchange and energy transfer. For example, in the cooling mode, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant releases heat to the outside in the condenser 303 to achieve heat discharge; in the heating mode, the refrigerant releases heat in the evaporator 305 to provide heat to the surrounding environment.

[0143] The throttling device 304 throttles and reduces the pressure of the high-pressure liquid, creating suitable pressure conditions for the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator 305 or the condensation in the condenser 303, so that the refrigerant can achieve efficient energy transfer in different states. Through reasonable pipe connections and coordinated work of components, the smooth conversion of the refrigerant between different states is ensured, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the efficient operation of the system is guaranteed.

[0144] 3. Improve the energy efficiency of the system:

[0145] Use of variable frequency compressor:

[0146] The compressor 302 is a variable frequency compressor, which can adjust its operating frequency according to the command of the control system, and then adjust the cooling or heating power. This avoids the energy waste caused by the frequent start and stop of the traditional fixed frequency compressor, so that the system can accurately adjust the intensity of cooling or heating according to the actual environmental requirements and realize on-demand energy supply. For example, when the ambient temperature is not much different from the set temperature, the frequency of the compressor can be reduced, the cooling or heating power can be reduced, and more precise temperature regulation can be achieved, while reducing the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0147] 4. Adapt to different ambient temperature requirements:

[0148] Adaptability to the environment:

[0149] This structure can be adjusted according to the temperature changes in the marine environment. In a hot marine environment, the system can start the cooling mode to discharge the heat in the marine engineering facilities through the refrigerant circulation; in a cold marine environment, the heating mode can be started to provide heat for the facilities. The ventilation pipe connects the various components together to ensure the smooth circulation of the refrigerant, so that the system can operate stably at different ambient temperatures and meet the needs of temperature regulation under different environmental conditions.

[0150] 5. System stability and reliability:

[0151] Tight component connection:

[0152] The ventilation pipe 301 tightly connects the compressor 302, the condenser 303, the throttling device 304 and the evaporator 305, ensuring the stable circulation of the refrigerant in the system and reducing the risk of refrigerant leakage caused by poor connection. At the same time, the orderly connection and reasonable layout of each component make the system operation more stable and reliable, reducing the risk of failure caused by connection problems of system components.

[0153] This connection method also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the system. Technicians can inspect, repair and replace various components as needed, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0154] 6. System scalability and optimizability:

[0155] Convenient system improvement and expansion:

[0156] This classic refrigerant circulation loop structure facilitates subsequent improvements and expansions to the system. For example, on the basis of the existing system, auxiliary heat exchangers can be added, new refrigerant branches can be added, or components can be upgraded to improve system performance. At the same time, it is also convenient to add more sensors and control devices to monitor and control the operating status of the system more precisely, thereby improving the energy efficiency and regulation accuracy of the system.

[0157] The control system 4 has remote monitoring and control functions, and can realize remote parameter setting, operation status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the system through network connection.

[0158] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0159] 1. Operational convenience and real-time management:

[0160] Remote operation capability:

[0161] Operators can set parameters for the HVAC system without having to visit the marine engineering facility in person. No matter where they are, as long as there is a network connection, they can adjust the system's operating parameters, such as compressor frequency, fan speed, valve opening, dehumidifier and humidifier working intensity, etc. This is especially important for facilities distributed in the vast ocean, such as offshore oil platforms and ships, which greatly saves labor costs and time costs and improves the convenience of operation.

[0162] The system's operating status can be monitored in real time, including the temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray concentration data collected by the environmental sensing unit, as well as the working status of each unit such as the cooling and heating unit, the air handling unit, such as whether the compressor is operating normally, the pressure difference of the filter, the effect of dehumidification and humidification, etc. This real-time monitoring enables operators to grasp the system's operating status in a timely manner so as to make corresponding decisions and adjustments to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0163] 2. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of faults:

[0164] Remote fault diagnosis and early warning:

[0165] Once a system failure occurs, such as the operating parameters of key components exceeding the normal range, the control system can promptly feedback the fault information to the operator through the network. The operator can receive the fault alarm at the first time, remotely diagnose the fault, analyze the possible cause of the fault, and arrange maintenance personnel and prepare the parts required for maintenance in advance, shorten the troubleshooting time, and reduce the downtime and losses caused by system failures.

[0166] The system can be troubleshooted remotely, such as adjusting parameters to try to restore normal system operation, or remotely guiding on-site personnel to perform some simple fault repair operations, which improves the efficiency of fault handling, reduces the impact of system failures, and ensures the normal operation of marine engineering facilities and personnel safety.

[0167] 3. System optimization and performance improvement:

[0168] Data analysis and adjustment:

[0169] Through the remote collection and analysis of the system's long-term operation data, including environmental data and system operation parameters, operators can better understand the system's performance and environmental adaptability. The system's control strategy can be optimized based on these data. For example, according to the environmental data of different sea areas and seasons, the parameters of the intelligent algorithm can be adjusted to make the system more adaptable to environmental changes and improve energy efficiency and environmental regulation effects.

[0170] The system's operating status can be adjusted remotely to cope with special situations or different work requirements. For example, when encountering extreme weather or special tasks that require changes in environmental regulation requirements, the system's operating mode and parameters can be quickly adjusted to make the system more flexible and efficient.

[0171] 4. Centralized management and resource integration of the system:

[0172] Centrally manage multiple facilities:

[0173] For enterprises or organizations with multiple offshore engineering facilities, centralized management of multiple HVAC systems can be achieved through remote monitoring and control functions. HVAC systems of different facilities can be uniformly managed and scheduled in one monitoring center to achieve resource integration and optimization. For example, energy distribution can be balanced among different facilities, and system maintenance and updates can be coordinated to improve the operational efficiency of the entire enterprise or organization.

[0174] 5. Improve system reliability and security:

[0175] Preventive maintenance and condition monitoring:

[0176] Through continuous remote monitoring of the system's operating status, potential problems can be discovered in advance, such as component wear and aging trends, and possible failures can be predicted by analyzing operating data, so that preventive maintenance can be implemented. For example, when abnormal fluctuations in the operating current or temperature of the compressor are detected, even if the system has not yet failed, preventive maintenance work can be arranged to prevent failures and improve system reliability.

[0177] Remote monitoring can ensure that the system maintains safe operation without human supervision. In some harsh marine environments or dangerous areas, it can avoid frequent entry of personnel and reduce personnel risks, while ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0178] The environment sensing unit 5 includes a plurality of temperature sensors 501 , humidity sensors 502 , pressure sensors 503 and salt spray sensors 504 , which are distributed in different areas of the marine engineering facility.

[0179] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0180] 1. Comprehensive environmental monitoring capabilities:

[0181] Multi-parameter monitoring:

[0182] Temperature sensor 501 is capable of monitoring temperature information at different locations inside and outside the marine engineering facility, which is crucial to the entire HVAC system. Because the temperature changes in the marine environment are complex, different areas may have significant differences due to factors such as sunlight, equipment heat dissipation, and seawater temperature. Through the arrangement of multiple temperature sensors, the temperature distribution inside and outside the facility can be accurately grasped, providing accurate data support for the cooling and heating operations of the system in different areas. For example, on a large offshore oil platform, the operation of equipment in different areas will generate different amounts of heat. Through multiple temperature sensors, it is possible to accurately grasp which areas require more cooling or heating adjustments to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the comfort of personnel.

[0183] The humidity sensor 502 can monitor the humidity of the environment. The marine environment usually has a higher humidity, and different areas may have different humidity due to ventilation, equipment operation, etc. These sensors can help the system accurately control the operation of dehumidifiers and humidifiers, adjust the humidity in different areas to a suitable range, and avoid problems such as equipment corrosion and microbial growth caused by high humidity or static electricity and material cracking caused by low humidity.

[0184] The pressure sensor 503 can measure the pressure at different locations. For some marine engineering facilities in deep sea or high pressure environments, such as seabed observatories or underwater equipment cabins, pressure changes can affect equipment performance and system operation. By monitoring the pressure, it can ensure that the system's pipelines, equipment, etc. operate within a safe pressure range to prevent equipment damage or safety hazards caused by excessively high or low pressure.

[0185] The salt spray sensor 504 is specially designed for the high salt spray characteristics of the marine environment. By being distributed in different areas, the concentration of salt spray can be detected. High salt spray can cause corrosion to the metal parts and electrical components of the system. Monitoring the concentration of salt spray helps to take corresponding protection and maintenance measures to protect the system components, and also provides a basis for the control system to adjust the system operation status, such as adding or adjusting the protection treatment of metal parts.

[0186] 2. Achieve precise control of partitions:

[0187] Regionalized data support:

[0188] Since sensors are distributed in different areas, they can provide the control system with partitioned environmental data, thereby achieving precise environmental adjustment for different areas of marine engineering facilities. For example, a more comfortable temperature and humidity range may be required for living areas, while lower humidity and stable temperature may be required for equipment storage areas. The requirements for temperature, humidity and pressure will also be different for different working areas. Through sensor data from different areas, the control system can provide differentiated control signals for cooling and heating units, air handling units, etc. in different areas based on environmental perception information in different areas, ensuring that each area can achieve the best environmental conditions and improve the overall performance of the system and its adaptability to different functional areas.

[0189] 3. Enhanced system adaptability and reliability:

[0190] Coping with complex environmental changes:

[0191] In the marine environment, temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray concentration may undergo complex changes due to factors such as weather, season, geographical location and equipment operating status. Multiple sensors can monitor these changes in real time and comprehensively, allowing the system to respond quickly to dynamic changes in the environment. For example, in sea areas with large temperature differences between day and night, the system can adjust the cooling or heating mode in time by monitoring temperature changes in real time; when salt spray concentration suddenly increases due to stormy weather, the system can initiate corresponding protection and maintenance measures to ensure the adaptability and reliability of the system in complex environments.

[0192] The data from these sensors can be used in the control system's intelligent algorithm, allowing the system to predict environmental changes in advance and adjust the system's operating parameters in advance based on historical and real-time data to avoid performance fluctuations or failures due to sudden changes in the environment, thereby ensuring stable system operation.

[0193] 4. Fault detection and maintenance support:

[0194] System health monitoring:

[0195] The data provided by the environmental sensing unit is not only used for environmental regulation, but also for system fault detection and maintenance. For example, when the temperature sensor data in a certain area is abnormal, it may mean that the cooling or heating unit in the area is faulty, or there is a problem with the insulation or heat dissipation in the area; abnormal humidity data may indicate a failure of the dehumidification or humidification equipment or poor ventilation; abnormal pressure data may indicate a pipe blockage or equipment leakage; abnormal salt spray concentration may mean that the protective component has failed or needs to be strengthened. Through the comprehensive analysis of these data, technicians can be assisted in fault diagnosis, and potential problems of the system can be discovered in a timely manner, so that corresponding maintenance and repair measures can be taken to extend the service life of the system.

[0196] 5. Optimize system performance and resource utilization:

[0197] Optimized decision making based on data:

[0198] The comprehensive environmental data collected can help optimize the performance of the entire HVAC system. By analyzing the temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray data of different areas, as well as their changing trends, the operating parameters of the system can be fine-tuned to make the system operate in the most energy-saving and efficient way. For example, the frequency of the compressor, fan speed and valve opening can be adjusted according to the actual needs of different areas to avoid energy waste and improve energy efficiency.

[0199] The working state of the energy recovery unit can also be adjusted according to environmental data, such as adjusting the working intensity of the heat exchanger according to the temperature difference, so that the system can make full use of the heat of exhaust gas or wastewater discharged from marine engineering facilities and achieve optimal utilization of resources.

[0200] The temperature sensor 501 , the humidity sensor 502 , the pressure sensor 503 and the salt spray sensor 504 are all packaged in a waterproof and salt spray proof manner.

[0201] The advantages of the above settings are:

[0202] 1. Extend the service life of the sensor:

[0203] Resistant to marine environment erosion:

[0204] The marine environment is characterized by high humidity and high salt spray. Ordinary sensors are easily corroded in such an environment. The use of waterproof and salt spray-proof packaging can effectively prevent seawater, salt spray and moisture from entering the sensor, avoiding corrosion and damage to the sensitive components of the sensor. For example, for the corrosion of metal parts, the chloride ions in the salt spray will destroy the chemical bonds of the metal, causing rust and corrosion on the metal surface. The waterproof and salt spray-proof packaging can form a protective barrier on the sensor surface to prevent such corrosion, extend the service life of the sensor, and reduce the cost and workload of frequent replacement due to sensor damage.

[0205] 2. Ensure stable sensor performance:

[0206] Maintaining measurement accuracy:

[0207] Waterproof and salt-fog proof packaging can ensure that the electronic components and measuring parts inside the sensor are not disturbed by the external environment. If the sensor is damp or corroded by salt spray, its measurement accuracy may decrease, such as inaccurate measurement values ​​of temperature sensors, reduced sensitivity of humidity sensors, and reading deviations of pressure sensors. Through packaging, the sensor can work stably in harsh marine environments, continuously provide accurate measurement data, and provide reliable data support for the precise control of the entire HVAC system.

[0208] This packaging can also prevent short circuits or other electrical failures caused by moisture and salt mist entering the sensor, ensuring the stability of the sensor's electrical performance and its normal operation, so that the system's environmental perception unit can continuously and stably output accurate environmental information, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the entire system.

[0209] 3. Improve system reliability and stability:

[0210] Ensure the normal operation of the system:

[0211] The environmental sensing unit is an important part of the HVAC system, providing key environmental information for the control system. If the sensor fails due to environmental erosion or the data is inaccurate, it will affect the control decision and operation status of the entire system. The use of waterproof and salt spray-proof packaged sensors can ensure that the environmental sensing unit is always in good working condition, so that the system can be adjusted and controlled according to accurate environmental data, reduce the risk of system performance fluctuations or loss of control due to sensor failure, and improve the reliability and stability of the system.

[0212] For marine engineering facilities, the stable operation of the system is crucial, because these facilities are often in an isolated marine environment. Once a problem occurs in the system, it may affect the normal use of the equipment and the safety of personnel. Reliable sensors help the system cope with complex marine environments and ensure that marine engineering facilities can stably adjust the environment under different marine conditions.

[0213] 4. Reduce maintenance costs and workload:

[0214] Reduce maintenance frequency:

[0215] Since the package can effectively protect the sensor, it reduces the possibility of damage to the sensor due to environmental factors, and correspondingly reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement of the sensor. This is especially important for offshore facilities, because the replacement and maintenance of sensors at sea are usually costly and require more manpower, material resources and time. By reducing the need for maintenance, the long-term operating cost of the system is reduced, and the economy and operability of the system are improved.

[0216] 5. Adapt to harsh marine environment:

[0217] Meeting special environmental needs:

[0218] Waterproof and salt spray proof packaging enables the sensor to adapt to the extreme conditions of the marine environment, such as strong winds and huge waves, high humidity, high salt spray, seawater splashing and other adverse conditions. Whether in hot tropical waters, cold polar waters or inclement weather, the sensor can work normally and provide the system with the required environmental information, ensuring that the system can perform its due functions in various marine environments, and enhancing the system's adaptability to different marine environments.

[0219] Working principle:

[0220] 1. Working principle of energy recovery unit 1:

[0221] The energy recovery unit 1 of the system mainly realizes energy recovery through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is installed between the exhaust gas or wastewater discharge pipe and the air intake pipe of the marine engineering facility. When the exhaust gas or wastewater passes through one side of the heat exchanger, the heat it carries is transferred to the fresh air on the other side.

[0222] The heat exchanger adopts a multi-layer metal plate structure and a special channel design, which increases the heat exchange area and improves the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, it transfers heat from the high-temperature medium to the low-temperature medium based on the basic principle of heat transfer and utilizes the temperature difference between the exhaust gas or wastewater and the fresh air. For example, when the exhaust gas temperature discharged from the marine engineering facility is high, the heat will be transferred from the exhaust gas side to the fresh air side to preheat the fresh air entering the system, thereby reducing the energy required for the subsequent heating process; conversely, when the temperature of the discharged wastewater is low, the heat will be transferred from the fresh air side to the wastewater side to achieve precooling of the fresh air and reduce energy consumption for the subsequent refrigeration process.

[0223] The heat exchanger is made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as titanium alloy or stainless steel coated with anti-corrosion coating, to ensure that it can work stably for a long time in the marine environment with high salt spray and high humidity, avoiding performance degradation or damage due to corrosion.

[0224] 2. Working principle of air handling unit 2:

[0225] The filter 201 of the air handling unit 2 adopts a multi-stage structure. Starting from the air inlet, the first is the coarse-effect filter 2011, which uses the principles of physical interception and inertial collision to remove large particle impurities; followed by the medium-efficiency filter 2012, which uses fiber interception and diffusion effects to filter medium-sized particles; finally, the high-efficiency filter 2013 uses special filter paper or filter membranes and the principles of interception, diffusion and electrostatic adsorption to remove tiny particles and salt mist to ensure that the air entering the system is clean.

[0226] The dehumidifier 202 can perform dehumidification operations according to different working principles. Refrigeration dehumidification uses a refrigerant to cool the air to below the dew point temperature, so that the water vapor in the air condenses into water and then is discharged through a drainage device; adsorption dehumidification uses an adsorbent to absorb moisture in the air.

[0227] The humidifier 203 can heat water into steam through a steam generator and mix it into the air, or use ultrasonic technology to atomize water and spray it into the air to adjust the air humidity. According to the instructions of the control system 4 and the humidity data provided by the environment sensing unit 5 of the control system 4, the working intensity of the dehumidifier 202 and the humidifier 203 is adjusted to control the air humidity within an appropriate range to meet the environmental requirements of different areas in the marine engineering facility.

[0228] 3. Working principle of cooling and heating unit 3:

[0229] The unit is mainly composed of a ventilation pipe 301, a high-efficiency compressor 302, a condenser 303, a throttling device 304, an evaporator 305 and a reversing valve. The compressor 302 is a variable frequency compressor 302, and the operating frequency can be adjusted according to the command of the control system 4.

[0230] In the refrigeration mode, the compressor 302 sucks in the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas, compresses it into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and enters the condenser 303 through the reversing valve. The refrigerant exchanges heat with the external environment or seawater in the condenser 303, releases heat and becomes a high-pressure liquid. In this process, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas transfers heat to the cooling medium through heat exchange with the cooling medium such as seawater, and cools itself into a liquid. Then, the high-pressure liquid is reduced in pressure by the throttling device 304 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid mixture enters the evaporator 305, absorbs the heat of the surrounding environment in the evaporator 305, reduces the temperature of the surrounding environment, and the refrigerant evaporates into a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and finally returns to the compressor 302, completing a refrigeration cycle.

[0231] In the heating mode, the reversing valve changes the flow direction of the refrigerant, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 302 first enters the evaporator 305, releases heat in the evaporator 305, and increases the temperature of the surrounding environment. Then, the refrigerant is reduced in pressure by the throttling device 304 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture, enters the condenser 303, absorbs heat to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and then returns to the compressor 302, completing a heating cycle.

[0232] The heat pump system utilizes the temperature difference between the shallow and deep layers of seawater. When cooling, it absorbs heat from the deep low-temperature seawater to assist the heat absorption process of the evaporator 305; when heating, it extracts heat from the shallow relatively high-temperature seawater and transfers the heat to the refrigerant cycle through the heat exchanger, further optimizing the energy utilization of the system.

[0233] 4. Working principle of control system 4:

[0234] The control system 4 receives various environmental data from the environmental sensing unit 5 and processes the data based on the microprocessor and intelligent algorithm. The intelligent algorithm includes analysis and prediction of environmental data. By comprehensively processing historical data and current data, it can predict the trend of environmental changes. For example, based on the change curve of historical temperature and humidity data, combined with the current environmental data, the changes in environmental temperature and humidity in the future can be predicted, so as to adjust the operating parameters of the system in advance.

[0235] According to the analysis results, the control system 4 sends control instructions to other units of the system. For the energy recovery unit 1, the heat exchange intensity and direction of the heat exchanger can be adjusted; for the cooling and heating unit 3, the frequency of the compressor 302, the speed of the fan, the opening of the valve, and the operating state of the heat pump system can be adjusted; for the air handling unit 2, the filtration level of the filter 201, the working intensity of the dehumidifier 202 and the humidifier 203, etc. can be controlled.

[0236] At the same time, the control system 4 has remote monitoring and control functions. Through network connection, the operator can obtain the system's operating status information, including temperature, humidity, pressure, the working status of each component, etc., at the remote terminal, and can also remotely set the system's operating parameters. In addition, it also has a fault diagnosis function. By monitoring the operating parameters of key components in the system, when these parameters exceed the normal range, a fault alarm message is issued to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0237] 5. Working principle of environmental perception unit 5:

[0238] The temperature sensor 501, humidity sensor 502, pressure sensor 503 and salt spray sensor 504 in the environment sensing unit 5 are distributed in different areas of the marine engineering facility, and they are key components for the entire system to perceive environmental information.

[0239] The temperature sensor 501 is based on the characteristics of thermosensitive materials. When the ambient temperature changes, the physical properties of the thermosensitive materials will change accordingly, converting the temperature change into a corresponding electrical signal. The humidity sensor 502 uses the principle that capacitance or resistance changes with ambient humidity. When the humidity changes, the capacitance or resistance value inside it changes, and then outputs different electrical signals to reflect the change in ambient humidity. The pressure sensor 503 converts the pressure change into an electrical signal through the piezoresistive effect or the capacitive effect according to the strain or capacitance change caused by the pressure on its internal components. The salt spray sensor 504 usually adopts the electrochemical principle. When the salt spray reacts with the sensitive element of the sensor, a corresponding electrical signal is generated, thereby measuring the concentration of the salt spray.

[0240] These sensors transmit the collected electrical signals to the control system 4 through waterproof and salt spray proof cables, providing real-time and accurate environmental data for precise control and adjustment of the system.

[0241] Summarize:

[0242] The working principle of the entire high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering is a collaborative process. The environmental perception unit 5 continuously monitors environmental information and transmits the information to the control system 4. The control system 4 dynamically adjusts and controls the energy recovery unit 1, the cooling and heating unit 3, and the air handling unit 2 according to the environmental information and intelligent algorithms. The energy recovery unit 1 preheats or precools the intake air to reduce subsequent energy consumption; the cooling and heating unit 3 adjusts the ambient temperature; and the air handling unit 2 filters and adjusts the humidity of the air. The units work closely together, using the principles of heat exchange, intelligent control, heat pump technology, and air purification, humidification, and dehumidification to ensure that the system achieves efficient, energy-saving, stable, and appropriate environmental regulation in the marine environment, providing a comfortable and safe working and living environment for marine engineering facilities.

[0243] The examples given in the present invention are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering, characterized in that: include: An energy recovery unit (1) is used to recover the heat of waste gas or waste water discharged from the marine engineering facility and preheat or precool the fresh air entering the system; An air handling unit (2) for filtering impurities in the ocean air and regulating the humidity of the air; A cooling and heating unit (3) is used to adjust the ambient temperature; A control system (4), based on a microprocessor and an intelligent algorithm, dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the system according to the data of the environmental sensing unit; An environmental sensing unit (5), used to monitor the temperature, humidity, pressure and salt spray concentration of the environment; The energy recovery unit (1), the air processing unit (2), the cooling and heating unit (3), and the environment sensing unit (5) are respectively connected to the control system (4); The air handling unit (2) is connected to an air intake pipe, one end of the energy recovery unit (1) is connected to a waste gas or wastewater discharge pipe of a marine engineering facility, and the other end is connected to the air intake pipe, and the air outlet of the air handling unit (2) is connected to the air intake of the cooling and heating unit (3) through a pipe.

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy recovery unit (1) is a heat exchanger.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air processing unit (2) comprises a filter (201), a dehumidifier (202) and a humidifier (203), and the filter (201) is connected to the humidifier (203) via the dehumidifier (202).

4. A high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter (201) is a multi-stage structure, comprising a coarse-effect filter (2011), a medium-effect filter (2012) and a high-efficiency filter (2013); the coarse-effect filter (2011) is connected to the high-efficiency filter (2013) via the medium-effect filter (2012); and the filters at each stage can be independently disassembled and replaced.

5. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and heating unit (3) comprises a ventilation pipe (301), the ventilation pipe (301) is connected to a compressor (302), a condenser (303), a throttling device (304), and an evaporator (305), the outlet of the compressor (302) is connected to the condenser (303) and the evaporator (305) respectively through a reversing valve, the outlet of the condenser (303) is connected to the throttling device (304), the outlet of the throttling device (304) is connected to the evaporator (305), and the outlet of the evaporator (305) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (302) through a pipe.

6. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compressor (302) is a variable frequency compressor.

7. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system (4) has remote monitoring and control functions and can realize remote parameter setting, operation status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the system through network connection.

8. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental sensing unit (5) comprises a plurality of temperature sensors (501), humidity sensors (502), pressure sensors (503) and salt spray sensors (504), which are distributed in different areas of the marine engineering facility.

9. The high-efficiency and energy-saving HVAC system for marine engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature sensor (501), humidity sensor (502), pressure sensor (503) and salt spray sensor (504) are all packaged in a waterproof and salt spray-proof manner.

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