A hoisting structure, a hoisting method and a method for receiving a heading machine

Abstract

This invention proposes a hoisting structure, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method, relating to the field of hoisting machinery technology. The hoisting structure includes a hook, a force adjuster, and a hoisting rope. The force adjuster has at least one fixed beam, with guide devices at both ends of the fixed beam. Each guide device includes pulleys, force sensors, and a displacement assembly. The force sensors are mounted on the pulleys, which reciprocate along the length of the fixed beam under the drive of the displacement assembly. The hoisting rope is hooked in the middle, and both ends of the rope pass through the pulleys at both ends of the fixed beam and are connected to the load to be hoisted. The force sensors measure the force on the pulleys in real time, and the displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulleys in real time based on the force sensor's measurement data. This invention can effectively improve and adjust the force distribution on the hoisting rope in real time, enabling the hoisting of large-volume tunneling machines within a limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hoisting machinery technology, and in particular to a hoisting structure, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method. Background Technology

[0002] During subway tunnel construction, due to limited surface space, receiving tunnel boring machines (TBMs) within existing underground structures has gradually become a novel method. This method primarily involves two receiving schemes: One involves TBMs larger than the interface floor slabs, requiring the TBM shell to be discarded and subsequently reinforced to function as tunnel sections. In this case, the TBM and other components can be disassembled and hoisted out of the tunnel. The other scheme involves TBMs smaller than the interface floor slabs, allowing the entire TBM to be jacked into the existing structure for disassembly or hoisting. Both receiving schemes require disassembly and hoisting of the TBM. During this process, the large size and weight of the TBM necessitate large lifting devices. However, the height and width of the existing building limit the transportation, assembly, and operation of these lifting devices, forcing the TBM to be disassembled and transported in smaller, more dispersed pieces, causing delays in the construction schedule.

[0003] In view of this, based on years of experience in production and design in this and related fields, the inventor has designed a hoisting structure, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method through repeated experiments, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hoisting structure, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method, which can improve and adjust the force distribution on the hoisting rope in real time, ensure the balance of the hoisting structure, and hoist a large-volume tunneling machine in a limited space.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a hoisting structure, which includes a hook, a force adjuster, and a hoisting rope. The force adjuster has at least one fixed beam, and guide devices are respectively provided at both ends of the fixed beam. The guide devices include pulleys, force sensors, and displacement components. The pulleys reciprocate along the length of the fixed beam under the drive of the displacement components. The middle of the hoisting rope is hung on the hook, and both ends of the hoisting rope pass through the pulleys at both ends of the fixed beam and are connected to the heavy object to be hoisted. The force sensor measures the force on the pulleys in real time, and the displacement components adjust the position of the pulleys in real time according to the measurement data of the force sensor.

[0006] The present invention also proposes a hoisting method for hoisting heavy objects using the hoisting structure described above, wherein the hoisting method includes:

[0007] Install the hook on the crane system, fold each rope in half so that the middle section of the rope is hooked on the hook, and pass both ends of the rope through the outer groove of the corresponding pulley and connect to the lifting lug on the load.

[0008] The crane system performs a trial lift of the heavy object, and adjusts the position of the pulleys according to the force data detected by each force sensor until the difference in force data between the two force sensors on the same fixed beam is less than a predetermined value, and then uses the crane system to lift the heavy object.

[0009] This invention also proposes a method for hoisting and receiving a tunneling machine, which uses the hoisting structure described above to hoist the tunneling machine, wherein the method includes:

[0010] At the location where the tunneling machine is to be received, a receiving platform is constructed, and holes are reserved in the top plate above the receiving platform. The holes are protected with steel sleeves.

[0011] The hook is installed on the crane system. Each rope is folded in half so that the middle section of the rope is hooked on the hook. The two ends of the rope pass through the outer groove of the corresponding pulley. Under the guidance of the pulley, the rope extends into the ground through the steel sleeve and connects to the lifting lug on the tunneling machine.

[0012] The tunneling machine is hoisted on the receiving platform. The tunneling machine is test-lifted, and the position of the corresponding pulley is adjusted according to the detection data of each force sensor of the hoisting structure until each force sensor reports that the force is balanced. Then the tunneling machine is officially hoisted.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following features and advantages:

[0014] The hoisting structure, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method proposed in this invention can effectively distribute the lifting weight evenly by changing the weight borne by each hoisting rope and the position of each hoisting point through a force adjuster. It can also quickly adjust the included angle between each hoisting rope, the force direction of each hoisting rope, and the position of each hoisting point, thereby achieving stable hoisting of the tunneling machine in a confined space. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the force regulator in this invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding device in this invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the universal joint support in this invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine hoisting process in this invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the receiving platform of the tunneling machine in this invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine receiving process in this invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine receiving process in this invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram (I) of an embodiment of the force regulator structure in this invention;

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram (II) of another embodiment of the force regulator structure in this invention;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram (III) of another embodiment of the force regulator structure in this invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0027] 100. Lifting structure; 10. Force regulator; 11. Hook; 12. Lifting rope; 13. Crane system; 14. Transfer trolley; 15. Guide rail; 16. Existing building roof slab; 17. Existing working shaft; 18. New tunnel segment; 21. Steel column; 22. Extended steel sleeve; 23. Steel purlin; 24. Steel diagonal brace; 3. Guiding device; 31. Pin; 32. Pulley; 33. Drive mechanism; 34. 4. Force sensor; 5. Universal joint; 6. Upper support shim; 7. Lower support shim; 8. Ball joint; 9. Fixed anchor bolt; 10. Bubble level; 11. Limiting baffle; 12. Limiting block; 13. Track; 14. Fixed beam; 15. Steel sleeve; 16. Spare steel sleeve; 17. Extended steel sleeve; 18. Lifting lug; 19. Ground; 10. Tunneling machine; 11. Roof plate; 12. Middle plate; 13. Floor plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings and the description of specific embodiments. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Under the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can conceive of any possible modifications based on the invention, and these should all be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention proposes a hoisting structure 100, including a hook 11, a force adjuster 10, and a hoisting rope 12. The force adjuster 10 has at least one fixed beam 72, and guide devices 3 are respectively provided at both ends of the fixed beam 72. The guide devices 3 include pulleys 32, force sensors 34, and displacement components. The pulleys 32 reciprocate along the length direction of the fixed beam 72 under the drive of the displacement components. The middle of the hoisting rope 12 is hung on the hook 11, and the two ends of the hoisting rope 12 pass through the pulleys 32 at both ends of the fixed beam and are connected to the heavy objects to be hoisted. The force sensor 34 measures the force on the pulleys 32 in real time, and the displacement components adjust the position of the pulleys 32 in real time according to the measurement data of the force sensor 34.

[0030] The hoisting structure 100 proposed in this invention has two or more hoisting ropes 12 hanging on a hook 11. The two ends of the hoisting ropes 12 pass through the pulleys 32 of the guide device 3 and change to the vertical direction so that the hoisting ropes 12 remain vertical when connected to the heavy object. This allows the various components of the suspended heavy object to be raised and lowered evenly without changing the force on the hoisting ropes 12.

[0031] The hoisting structure 100 proposed in this invention uses a displacement component to adjust the position of the pulley 32, thereby changing the position of both ends of the hoisting rope 12 and the distance between the two ends of the hoisting rope 12, and thus changing the weight borne by both ends of the hoisting rope 12 and the position of the hoisting points at both ends. At the same time, the force sensor 34 detects the force on the pulley 32 to determine the weight borne by the corresponding end of the hoisting rope 12. The displacement component adjusts the position of the pulley 32 according to the detection data of the force sensor 34, thereby maintaining a uniform distribution of force on the hoisting rope 12 in real time and adjusting the orientation of the heavy object in a timely manner to prevent the heavy object from tipping over.

[0032] The hoisting structure 100 proposed in this invention can effectively distribute the lifting weight evenly by changing the weight borne by each end of the hoisting rope 12 and the position of the hoisting point through the force adjuster 10. It can also quickly adjust the included angle between the two ends of the hoisting rope 12, the force direction of the hoisting rope 12, and the position of each hoisting point, thereby achieving stable hoisting of large heavy objects in a confined space.

[0033] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the hoisting structure 100 includes two or more hoisting ropes 12, the force adjuster 10 has two or more fixed beams 72 arranged in a cross pattern, the hoisting ropes 12 and the fixed beams 72 are aligned and matched one-to-one, the force sensor 34 is mounted on the pulley 32, the pulley 32 is mounted on the fixed beam 72 through the displacement component and moves back and forth along the length direction of the fixed beam 72 under the drive of the displacement component.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the hook 11 is connected to the crane system 13 for connecting and lifting heavy objects. The lifting rope 12 is folded in half, with the middle section of the rope 12 hanging on the hook 11, and both ends of the rope 12 connected to the heavy objects, ensuring that both ends of the rope 12 are of equal length. During use, the rope 12 needs to pass through the groove of the pulley 32, thereby changing from an inclined state to a vertical state. This structure does not increase the weight borne by the rope 12.

[0035] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, each fixed beam 72 has a through groove extending vertically at both ends, with each groove running along the length of the fixed beam. Tracks 71 are provided on both sides of each through groove. The displacement assembly includes a pin 31 and a drive mechanism 33. The pin 31 passes through the pulley 32 along its axial direction, with the pulley 32 partially disposed within the through groove. Both ends of the pin 31 extend into the tracks 71, and each track 71 has a rack portion. Gear portions are provided at both ends of the pin 31, meshing with the rack portions. The drive mechanism 33 is connected to one end of the pin 31 and drives the gear portions to rotate via the pin 31. With this structure, the drive mechanism 33 drives the pin 31 to rotate, thereby driving the gear portions to mesh with the rack portions, ultimately changing the position of the pulley 32.

[0036] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the drive mechanism 33 is a drive motor, which can provide rotational power to the gear section or restrict the rotation of the gear section.

[0037] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the drive mechanism 33 is a hydraulic drive mechanism.

[0038] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the drive mechanism 33 has a start switch, which can be a physical switch or a remote control switch. When the start switch is a remote control switch, an operator can control the start and stop of the drive mechanism 33 from the ground 91 via the remote control switch.

[0039] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the end of the fixed beam 72 is further provided with a limiting structure to prevent the pulley 32 from disengaging.

[0040] In an optional example of this embodiment, the limiting structure includes a limiting baffle 61 disposed at the end of the fixed beam 72.

[0041] In an optional example, the limiting structure also includes a limiting block 62 disposed at the intersection of the two fixed beams 72.

[0042] The limiting baffle 61 and the limiting block 62 not only prevent the pulley 32 from falling off, but also fix the track 71.

[0043] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the force sensor 34 is composed of a strain gauge or a force-sensitive resistor. When the force applied to the monitored position causes strain, the resistance value of the strain gauge or force-sensitive resistor also changes accordingly. The corresponding electrical signal can be calculated to obtain the force change value at that point. Using the above structure, the force sensor 34 can detect the force applied to the pulley 32 in real time.

[0044] In an optional example of this implementation, the strain gauge (or force-sensitive resistor) of the force sensor 34 is mounted on the pin of the pulley 32.

[0045] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the hoisting structure 100 further includes a control unit (not shown in the figure), and each force sensor 34 and each drive mechanism 33 are electrically or communicatively connected to the control unit. The control unit receives the detection data of the force sensor 34 and sends start / stop signals to the corresponding drive mechanism 33 according to the detection data.

[0046] In this embodiment, each force sensor 34 detects the force of the corresponding pulley 32 in real time and transmits the detection data to the control unit. The control unit controls the drive mechanism 33 to fine-tune the position of each pulley 32 according to the detection data, so as to ensure that the force at both ends of each suspension rope 12 is uniform and the force of each suspension rope 12 is uniform, thereby ensuring that the heavy object is in a stable state and preventing the heavy object from tipping over.

[0047] In one optional example of this implementation, the control unit has a pre-set calculation program that can automatically adjust the force regulator 10 without manual operation.

[0048] In an optional example of this embodiment, the force adjuster 10 includes a bubble level 5, which is mounted on the fixed beam 72. The bubble level 5 allows observation of whether the force adjuster 10 is level.

[0049] In an optional example, the bubble level 5 is positioned on the upper surface of the limit block 62 for easy observation by the operator.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, universal supports 4 are respectively provided at both ends of each fixed beam 72. The function of the universal supports 4 is to fix the force adjuster 10 on uneven ground, so that it does not move in the vertical or horizontal direction, and to ensure that the force adjuster 10 remains horizontal during operation.

[0051] In an optional embodiment of this implementation, the universal joint 4 includes an upper support shim 41, a lower support shim 42, and a ball joint 43. The upper support shim 41 is fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed beam 72, and the ball joint 43 connects the lower support shim 42 and the upper support shim 41. The lower support shim 42 can rotate via the ball joint 43 to adapt to various uneven road surfaces. When the bubble level 5 detects that the force adjuster 10 is not in a horizontal position, adjustment is made by changing the thickness of the upper support shim 41.

[0052] In an optional embodiment of this implementation, the lower support pad 42 has multiple pre-drilled holes for fixing the anchor rods 44. By fixing the anchor rods 44, the lower support pad 42 can be anchored to the ground, further ensuring the stability of the force adjuster 10.

[0053] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, the force adjuster 10 has two fixed beams 72, which are arranged in a cross shape, with the intersection point being the midpoint of each fixed beam 72. Each suspension rope 12 corresponds to one fixed beam 72.

[0054] In another optional embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the force adjuster 10 can also be provided with 3, 4 or more fixed beams 72. The fixed beams 72 are arranged crosswise and the crosswise position is the midpoint of each fixed beam 72. All fixed beams 72 are in the same plane, and each fixed beam 72 is provided with a suspension rope 12.

[0055] The present invention also proposes a hoisting method for hoisting heavy objects using the hoisting structure 100 as described above. The hoisting method includes:

[0056] The hook 11 is installed in the crane system 13. Each rope 12 is folded in half so that the middle section of the rope 12 is hung on the hook 11. The two ends of the rope 12 pass through the outer groove of the corresponding pulley 32 and are connected to the lifting lug on the heavy object.

[0057] The crane system 13 performs a trial lift of the heavy object, and adjusts the position of the pulley 32 according to the detection data of each force sensor 34 until the difference in force data of the two force sensors 34 on the same fixed beam 72 is less than a predetermined value, and then uses the crane system 13 to lift the heavy object.

[0058] The hoisting method proposed in this invention first performs a trial hoisting of the heavy object before the actual hoisting. The position of the pulley 32 is adjusted according to the detection data of each force sensor 34, thereby changing the corresponding hoisting point. Without changing the force on each hoisting rope 12, the hoisted heavy object can be raised and lowered evenly, realizing the smooth lifting and lowering of the heavy object.

[0059] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, during a trial lifting operation, the force sensor 34 can monitor the force received by the corresponding pulley 32 (that is, the component of gravity at the corresponding lifting point). When the force difference between the corresponding two pulleys 32 on the same lifting rope 12 exceeds a predetermined value, it is considered that the force on the lifting rope 12 is uneven, the load is in an unstable state, and there is a risk of tipping over.

[0060] In an optional example of this implementation, the predetermined value is 10%, meaning that when the detection data of the two force sensors 34 differ by more than 10%, the displacement component needs to be operated to change the position of the corresponding pulley 32. Specifically, the pulley 32 corresponding to the force sensor 34 with the larger detection data is adjusted to move towards the center position of the fixed beam 72, or the other pulley 32 is adjusted to move in the opposite direction. During the adjustment process, the detection data of the two force sensors 34 are observed in real time until the difference between them is within 10%.

[0061] The above calculation and adjustment process can be achieved by operators through observation and calculation, or it can be achieved through the calculation program pre-made in the control unit, without the need for manual operation.

[0062] When strain occurs on pulley 32 due to force, the resistance value of the strain gauge (or force-sensitive resistor) of force sensor 34 changes accordingly. This electrical signal can be processed by a calculation program to obtain the force change value at that point. First, the rotation of the gear is restricted and fixed on the track 71. During the trial lifting operation, the strain gauge on the pin can monitor the component of gravity at the lifting point. When the force on the pins of the two corresponding pulleys 32 on the same lifting rope 12 differs by more than 10%, it is considered that the force on the lifting rope 12 is uneven, the load is in an unstable state, and there is a risk of tipping over.

[0063] In an optional example, two lifting points on the same lifting rope 12 are named the first lifting point and the second lifting point, respectively, and two lifting points on another lifting rope 12 are named the third lifting point and the fourth lifting point. When the pin force corresponding to the first lifting point is large, the calculation program indicates that the suspended object is currently unbalanced. The drive mechanism 33 can then be operated to rotate the pin 31, adjusting the gear corresponding to the first lifting point to roll towards the second lifting point, or adjusting the gear corresponding to the second lifting point to roll away from the first lifting point, until the force difference between the two is within 10%. The adjustment of the pulley 32 positions corresponding to the third and fourth lifting points of the other lifting rope 12 is similar.

[0064] When the calculation program detects that the difference between two suspension points on the same suspension rope 12 exceeds 10%, the drive mechanism 33 adjusts according to the principle of moving the pulley 32 with the greater display force toward the center position of the fixed beam 72.

[0065] The drive mechanism 33 is a drive motor, and its speed can be set in several gears, such as 1mm / s, 1.5mm / s, and 2mm / s, so as not to affect the stability of the suspended object.

[0066] The hoisting method proposed in this invention can evenly distribute the lifting weight and can detect the force distribution on the hoisting rope 12 in real time to adjust the position of the heavy object in a timely manner. Therefore, it is very suitable for hoisting large-volume heavy objects in a limited space.

[0067] One important implementation of the hoisting method proposed in this invention is as follows: Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the tunneling machine is hoisted and received in an existing underground structure.

[0068] The hoisting structure 100 and hoisting method proposed in this invention are particularly suitable for situations where the ground conditions do not allow for the excavation of a receiving shaft during the construction of subway tunnels using mechanical methods, and the tunneling machine needs to be hoisted from an existing underground building. This invention also provides a hoisting and receiving method for tunneling machines suitable for this situation, which eliminates the need to construct a new receiving shaft and enables the safe hoisting and receiving of tunneling machines in existing buildings and confined spaces.

[0069] In this invention, the existing underground structure includes the existing building top slab 16, the existing working shaft 17, and the newly built tunnel segments 18.

[0070] The present invention proposes a method for hoisting and receiving a tunneling machine, comprising:

[0071] At the intended location for receiving the tunneling machine, holes are pre-drilled in the building's roof slab during construction. These holes are protected by steel sleeves 8, which consist of a spare steel sleeve 81 and an extended steel sleeve 82, connected by threads. When length adjustment is needed, simply tighten the spare steel sleeve 81. The pre-drilled holes are created during the pouring and fixing of the roof slab, maintaining a vertical orientation to allow the hoisting rope 12 to pass through the spare steel sleeve 81 to reach the designated position for hoisting. After pouring, the area around the steel sleeve 8 is reinforced with concrete. This pouring and vertical arrangement of the steel sleeve 8 prevents significant displacement of the hoisting rope 12 from scraping or damaging it. Backfilling is then carried out to restore the road surface. Once the tunneling machine has reached the designated position, the crane system 13 also moves to the corresponding road surface.

[0072] The crane system 13 is equipped with a sling rope 12. In order to lift the tunneling machine 92 (the heavy object), four lifting points are usually required, that is, at least two sling ropes 12 need to be folded in half. After the sling rope 12 is folded in half, it is hung on the crane system 13 through the middle section of the hook 11. The two ends pass through the outer grooves of the four pulleys 32 and enter the steel sleeve 8 until it extends into the underground existing building and is lifted with the tunneling machine 92. The sling rope 12 is connected to the lifting lug 83 on the tunneling machine 92. The length of the steel sleeve 8 can be adjusted by disassembling or installing a spare steel sleeve 81.

[0073] Receiving platform, such as Figure 5 As shown, a receiving platform for receiving a tunneling machine 92 in a middle plate includes steel columns 21 for supporting the weight of the tunneling machine 92 and providing the required lifting height for the tunneling machine 92; the steel columns 21 are fixed to the extended steel sleeves 22 by bolts; steel purlins 23 provide stable support for the steel columns 21 to prevent instability of the steel columns 21; and steel diagonal braces 24 protect the receiving platform from the side to prevent lateral collapse of the platform.

[0074] The hoisting structure 100, hoisting method, and tunneling machine hoisting and receiving method proposed in this invention are described in detail below with reference to an embodiment. This method is applicable to the hoisting and transportation of tunneling machines without reserved exits.

[0075] In this embodiment, the pipe jacking machine does not make any openings in the top slab 93 of the tunnel, and the tunnel's middle slab 94 has a pre-reserved opening for transporting the pipe out of the tunnel.

[0076] In this embodiment, the hoisting and transportation of tunneling machines without reserved exits includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. During the pouring of the station roof slab at the proposed tunnel receiving location, a space is reserved for steel sleeves 8. The steel sleeves 8 are vertically upward, protruding from the roof slab but not exceeding the road surface. The protruding portion of the steel sleeve 8 has threads on its outer diameter to facilitate subsequent length adjustments. The diameter of the steel sleeve 8 is 300mm or determined based on actual conditions. The strength of the steel sleeve 8 is determined based on the weight of the tunneling machine 92, the length of the hoisting rope 12, and the hoisting height. Generally, four steel sleeves 8 are used, arranged at the four corners of a rectangle.

[0078] S2. Perform anti-blocking and anti-corrosion work on steel sleeve 8, and carry out grouting reinforcement around steel sleeve 8. The purpose of grouting reinforcement is to prevent the suspension rope 12 from making an angle with the vertical direction when it passes through steel sleeve 8, thereby destroying the fixing effect of steel sleeve 8. Backfill the top slab with soil and restore the road surface.

[0079] S3. Tunneling machine 92 is used for tunneling. After tunneling to the predetermined position, the temporary sealing structure and main retaining structure within the cross-section of the tunneling machine are removed. A receiving platform is erected on the bottom plate 95 so that the tunneling machine 92 is pushed onto the receiving platform and stops jacking.

[0080] S4. Enclose the area of ​​the sleeve on the upper part of the top slab. Excavate one end of the sleeve using a drilling rig or open excavation method. Clean the soil inside the sleeve. If the sleeve is too long, the steel sleeve 8 can be cut off. Assemble and fix the force adjuster 10. Observe the bubble level. If the force adjuster 10 is not on the same horizontal line, change the thickness of the shim 41 on the support and continue to adjust until all points are horizontal. Then fix the universal support 4. The crane system 13 enters the site. Pass the lifting rope 12 through the force adjuster 10 and into the steel sleeve 8. Pass through the top slab 93 to reach the middle plate 94. Complete the preparation work before hoisting.

[0081] S5. Connect the hoisting rope 12 to the tunneling machine 92, and carry out the hoisting work of the tunneling machine 92 on the receiving platform. Try to lift the tunneling machine 92 and observe the differences on each force sensor 34. If there are large differences, make adjustments until the force sensor 34 reports force balance, and then carry out the formal hoisting.

[0082] S6. Place the transfer trolley 14 (transport flatbed) below the tunneling machine, adjust the position of the transfer trolley 14, hoist the tunneling machine 92 onto the transfer trolley 14, remove the hoisting rope 12, move the crane system 13 to the existing working shaft 17, and transport the tunneling machine 92 out through the guide rail 15 from the existing exit (other existing entrances and exits, shield shafts, hoisting ports);

[0083] S7. After hoisting is completed, the receiving platform is disassembled, the tunnel entrance ring beam is poured, the hoisting rope 12 is pulled out of the hole by the steel sleeve 8, the outside of the steel sleeve 8 is reinforced by grouting, the enclosure is removed, the road surface is restored, and it can be reused when hoisting is needed in the future.

[0084] In this invention, small-diameter holes are pre-drilled in the roof slab 93 during tunnel construction. When the tunnel boring machine 92 has advanced from the starting point to the receiving position, the crane system 13 is on the ground. The hook 11 and the hoisting rope 12 simply need to pass through the holes into the existing building for hoisting, transporting the tunnel boring machine 92 to the transport vehicle, and then out through the existing tunnel entrance. The advantage is that there is no need to build a new working shaft, and the ground space is only temporarily occupied during the hoisting operation. The road surface can be restored immediately after the operation is completed. At the same time, it is not limited by the limited hoisting space. Compared with other hoisting schemes without working shafts, it significantly increases the hoisting weight.

[0085] The detailed explanations of the above embodiments are intended only to explain the present invention so as to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention for any reason. In particular, the various features described in different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other to form other embodiments. Unless there is an explicit description to the contrary, these features should be understood to be applicable to any embodiment, and not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A hoisting structure, characterized in that The hoisting structure (100) comprises a hook (11), a force adjuster (10) and a hoisting rope (12), the force adjuster (10) is provided with at least one fixed beam (72), both ends of the fixed beam (72) are respectively provided with a guide device (3), the guide device (3) comprises a pulley (32), a force sensor (34) and a displacement assembly, the pulley (32) reciprocates along the length direction of the fixed beam (72) under the driving of the displacement assembly, the middle of the hoisting rope (12) is hung on the hook (11), both ends of the hoisting rope (12) are connected with a heavy object to be hoisted after passing through the pulley (32) at both ends of the fixed beam (72), the force sensor (34) measures the force borne by the pulley (32) in real time, and the displacement assembly adjusts the position of the pulley (32) according to the measurement data of the force sensor (34) in real time. Both ends of each fixed beam (72) are respectively provided with a through groove which penetrates up and down, each through groove is arranged along the length direction of the fixed beam (72), both sides of the through groove are respectively provided with a track (71), the displacement assembly comprises a pin shaft (31) and a driving mechanism (33), the pin shaft (31) penetrates the pulley (32) along the axial direction of the pulley (32), the pulley (32) is partially arranged in the through groove, both ends of the pin shaft (31) respectively extend into the track (71), each track (71) is provided with a rack portion, both ends of the pin shaft (31) are respectively provided with a gear portion, the gear portion is engaged with the rack portion, and the driving mechanism (33) is connected to one end of the pin shaft (31) and drives the gear portion to rotate through the pin shaft (31). The end of the fixed beam (72) is further provided with a limiting structure for preventing the gear portion from being disengaged from the rack portion. Both ends of each fixed beam (72) are further respectively provided with a universal support (4). The universal support (4) comprises a support upper gasket (41), a support lower gasket (42) and a ball hinge (43), the support upper gasket (41) is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the fixed beam (72), and the ball hinge (43) connects the support lower gasket (42) and the support upper gasket (41).

2. The hoisting structure of claim 1, wherein, The hoisting structure (100) comprises two or more hoisting ropes (12), the force adjuster (10) is provided with two or more fixed beams (72) which are arranged in cross, and the hoisting rope (12) is one-to-one matched with the fixed beam (72).

3. The hoisting structure of claim 1, wherein, The hoisting structure (100) further comprises a control unit, each force sensor (34) and each driving mechanism (33) are electrically connected or communicatively connected with the control unit, the control unit receives the force data measured by the force sensor (34), and the control unit sends a start-stop signal to the corresponding driving mechanism (33) according to the force data.

4. The hoisting arrangement of claim 1, wherein, The force adjuster (10) is provided with a bubble level (5), and the bubble level (5) is arranged on the fixed beam (72).

5. A hoisting method for hoisting a load using the hoisting structure (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by The hoisting method comprises: The hook (11) is installed on the crane system (13), the middle section of the hoisting rope (12) is hung on the hook (11) after the hoisting rope (12) is folded, and the two ends of the hoisting rope (12) pass through the outer grooves of the corresponding pulleys (32) and are connected with the lifting lugs (83) on the weight; The crane system (13) hoists the weight, the positions of the pulleys (32) are adjusted according to the force data detected by the force sensors (34), and the weight is hoisted by the crane system (13) after the difference between the force data of the two force sensors (34) on the same fixed beam (72) is less than a predetermined value.

6. A method of hoisting a heading machine using the hoisting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The tunneling machine hoisting receiving method comprises: A receiving platform is constructed at a position where the tunneling machine (92) is to be received, a hole is reserved in a roof above the receiving platform, and the hole is protected by a steel sleeve (8); The hook (11) is installed on the crane system (13), the middle section of the hoisting rope (12) is hung on the hook (11) after the hoisting rope (12) is folded, and the two ends of the hoisting rope (12) pass through the outer grooves of the corresponding pulleys (32), the hoisting rope (12) is guided by the pulleys (32) to extend into the underground through the steel sleeve (8) and is connected with the lifting lugs on the tunneling machine (92); The hoisting work of the tunneling machine is performed on the receiving platform, the tunneling machine (92) is hoisted, the positions of the corresponding pulleys (32) are adjusted according to the detection data of the force sensors (34) of the hoisting structure (100), and the tunneling machine (92) is formally hoisted after the force balance is fed back by each force sensor (34).

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