Assembly type fish passing channel and fish passing operation method

Abstract

The invention provides an assembly type fish passing channel and an operation method thereof, and aims to optimize the fishway outlet design, improve the water flow condition and improve the fish luring and repelling effect, so that the fish passing efficiency is greatly improved. Side plates movably connected through hinges and a bottom structure composed of a fixed bottom plate and a movable bottom plate are arranged on the two sides of the downstream of the channel body, sliding blocks at the bottoms of the movable bottom plate and the side plates are embedded into guide rails, and it is ensured that the field angle is flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements of different fishes. A lamplight fish luring and driving device is arranged on the lower edge of the side plate, a sound and electric fish driving device is arranged at the bottom of the fixed bottom plate, and a flashboard and a camera are installed in the channel and used for real-time monitoring and flow speed regulation and control. According to the device, accurate flow control, flow field flow state remodeling, combined regulation and control functions and an efficient sound-light-electricity fish attracting and driving system are achieved, the functionality and applicability of fish passing facilities are remarkably improved, and the device has important significance on health recovery and biodiversity protection of a river ecological system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water ecology, and in particular to an assembled fish passage and a fish passage operation method. Background Art

[0002] Fish passage facilities are key engineering measures to connect fragmented habitats and link upstream and downstream river sections of dams. They are indispensable for promoting genetic exchange between upstream and downstream fish, restoring river fish resources, protecting aquatic biodiversity, and maintaining the balance of river ecosystems.

[0003] There are various types of fish passage facilities. According to the characteristics of fish migration, they can be divided into upstream fish passage facilities (such as for broodstock to go upstream to spawn) and downstream fish passages (such as for juvenile fish to go downstream to fatten). Specific forms include but are not limited to fishways, fish locks, fish elevators, fish gathering boats, etc. Among them, fishways are widely used in practical applications due to their simple structure and strong adaptability. However, although fishways theoretically provide a feasible migration path for fish, their operation results are often unsatisfactory, mainly reflected in the following aspects: Construction quality issues: It is difficult to ensure high-quality completion of on-site construction, resulting in frequent problems such as uneven flow surface of the fishway, guide plate or partition size not meeting the design, which affects the actual use efficiency of the fishway.

[0004] Inadequate structural design: There are design defects in the fishway entrance, pool chamber and exit, especially the complex water flow environment at the exit, which makes it difficult for fish to pass smoothly. For example: Exit suction phenomenon: Due to the sudden change of the water flow cross-section at the exit of the upstream fishway, a rapid flow is formed, which causes the upstream fish to easily lose their sense of direction and be sucked back into the fishway by the water flow, reducing the fish passing efficiency.

[0005] Hydraulic jump problem in the gate section: The gate set near the outlet is used to regulate flow, water level and flow velocity, but during the regulation process a hydraulic jump area will be formed downstream. The water flow in this area is turbulent and accompanied by a large number of whirlpools and turbulence, which increases the difficulty for fish to overcome this distance and may cause harm to the fish.

[0006] Lack of fish luring measures: Lack of effective means of luring fish makes it difficult for downstream fish to find and enter the fishway entrance, while upstream fish also find it difficult to quickly leave the fishway exit, which further affects the fish passing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an assembled fish passage and a fish passage operation method, aiming to improve the design of the fishway outlet, improve the water flow conditions, and improve the effect of attracting and driving fish, thereby significantly improving the fish passage efficiency.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an assembled fish passage, including a channel body, side panels are provided on both sides of the downstream of the channel body, a fixed bottom plate is provided at the lower downstream part of the channel body, movable bottom plates are provided on both sides of the fixed bottom plate, guide rails are provided on the movable bottom plate, and sliders are provided at the bottom of the side panels, which are arranged in the guide rails.

[0009] In a preferred solution, the side panels are movably connected to the downstream side walls of the channel body via hinges; The two movable bottom plates are also movably connected to the two sides of the fixed bottom plate through hinges.

[0010] In a preferred solution, a fish guide net is extended in the downstream direction of the side plates, the movable bottom plate and the fixed bottom plate.

[0011] In a preferred solution, a motor is provided on the two side walls of the channel body in the downstream direction, and a traction rope is provided on the motor. One end of the traction rope is wound on a rope winding mechanism connected to the motor drive shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side of the side plate away from the channel body.

[0012] In a preferred solution, a light-emitting fish-attracting device is provided on the lower edge of the side panel.

[0013] In a preferred solution, a sound fish attracting device and an electric fish driving device are provided at the bottom of the fixed bottom plate near the downstream direction.

[0014] In a preferred solution, a gate is provided in the channel body, and a camera facing downstream is provided in the channel body in a direction close to the downstream.

[0015] In a preferred solution, the guide rail extends to the fixed bottom plate, so that the two side plates can be flipped inwards to close the channel.

[0016] The fish passing operation method based on the above-mentioned assembled fish passing channel includes the operation when the fish school is upstream and the operation when the fish school is downstream, wherein: The operations when the fish school is upstream include: 1) When the camera detects that the upstream fish school is approaching the main body of the channel, the gate is opened and the two side panels are brought together by the motor to make the fish school gather in the straight line direction downstream of the main body of the channel. The fish-attracting mode of the light-attracting and sound-attracting fish-attracting devices is used to lure the fish school to the top of the fixed bottom plate; 2) When the fish school reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate, the motor will cause the two side plates to expand to both sides to guide the water flow and ensure a smooth transition of the water flow, while the gate will be lowered to control the flow rate in the main channel; 3) After the fish school enters the main channel, the light and sound fish-luring devices are used to drive the fish upstream and guide the fish school upstream; The operations when the fish school is going down include: 1) When the camera detects that the downward fish school is approaching the main body of the channel, the fish are induced to move towards the fixed bottom plate through the fish luring mode of the light luring fish device and the sound luring fish device; 2) When the fish school reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate, the electric fish drive device is used to drive the fish into the downstream waters and guide the fish school downward.

[0017] In a preferred solution, in the fish upstream operation method, the gate in step 2) adjusts the flow rate in the channel body to the flow rate required by the fish species by controlling the water flow area; In the fish shoal downward operation method, in step 2), when the fish shoal reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate, the gate is lowered and the flow velocity of the water in the channel body is increased, so that the water flow impacts the fish shoal to achieve the purpose of driving the fish shoal downward.

[0018] The assembled fish passage and fish passage operation method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects by adopting the above structure and method: (1) The purpose of precise flow control is achieved by using the hinged connection between the two side panels and the bottom panel, and the guide rail connection to ensure the stable connection between the side panels and the bottom panel. The side panel opening angle is continuously adjustable, and the optimal opening can be customized for different types of fish according to the different requirements of fish for water depth and flow rate, achieving precise control of the flow, water level and flow rate in the entire fishway; (2) It can reshape the flow field and flow pattern, guide the water flow to enter the fishway smoothly, reduce the vortex or backflow caused by the sudden change of the water section, transform the rapid flow into a gradual flow, reduce the complexity of the water flow environment, and help fish pass through the fishway exit smoothly. At the same time, a gradual flow area is created to help fish adapt to the change of flow velocity, maintain a sense of direction, avoid being sucked back downstream, and improve the efficiency of fish passing; (3) With the joint control function, the side plate not only has the control ability of the miter gate, but also can take over the control function of the gate when the fish pass through the gate without generating negative effects such as water jump, and cooperate with the gate to continue working after the fish leave the gate, thus improving the overall passage efficiency of the fish passing through the gate; (4) The acoustic, photoelectric and fish attracting system installed on the side panel can effectively induce the downstream fish and quickly drive away the upstream fish by modulating different light intensities, light colors, flashing frequencies, sound pressures, sound frequencies and other parameters. In addition, it also uses water flow induction factors to assist the downstream fish to find and enter the fishway entrance, forming a highly efficient and multifunctional fish attracting system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the side plate and the bottom plate of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the guide rail and slider structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the side panels of the present invention when they are in a closed state.

[0023] In the figure: side panel 1, movable bottom plate 2, fixed bottom plate 2', hinge 3, guide rail 4, motor 5, fish guide net 6, light fish luring device 7, sound fish luring device 8, electric fish driving device 9, camera 10, gate 11, traction rope 12, channel body 13, slider 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiment 1: An assembled fish passage comprises a passage body 13, wherein side panels 1 are arranged on both sides of the downstream of the passage body 13, a fixed bottom plate 2' is arranged on the lower downstream part of the passage body 13, movable bottom plates 2 are arranged on both sides of the fixed bottom plate 2', guide rails 4 are arranged on the movable bottom plate 2, and a slider 14 is arranged on the bottom of the side panel 1, and the slider 14 is arranged in the guide rail 4.

[0025] In a preferred solution, the side plate 1 is movably connected to the downstream side walls of the channel body 13 via hinges 3; The two movable bottom plates 2 and the two sides of the fixed bottom plate 2 ′ are also movably connected via hinges 3 .

[0026] In order to ensure that the side panels 1 can be unfolded again after being gathered, an elastic reset component (torsion spring, etc.) is arranged on the hinge 3 between the channel body 13 and the side panels 1 .

[0027] In a preferred solution, a fish guide net 6 is provided extending in the downstream direction of the side plate 1, the movable bottom plate 2 and the fixed bottom plate 2'.

[0028] In a preferred solution, a motor 5 is provided on the two side walls of the channel body 13 in the direction close to the downstream, and a traction rope 12 is provided on the motor 5. One end of the traction rope 12 is wound on a rope winding mechanism connected to the driving shaft of the motor 5, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side of the side panel 1 away from the channel body 13.

[0029] When the traction rope 12 is retracted, the side panels 1 gather together, and at the same time, the elastic reset component arranged on the hinge 3 between the channel body 13 and the side panels 1 generates elastic force, which can ensure the automatic expansion of the side panels 1 when the traction rope 12 is released.

[0030] In a preferred solution, a light-emitting fish-attracting device 7 is provided at the lower edge of the side panel 1 .

[0031] The light-induced fish-repelling device 7 operates in a fish-attracting mode (such as green light or blue light) and a fish-repelling mode (such as red light or white flashing light) by adjusting different light intensities, light colors and flashing frequencies to attract or repel fish.

[0032] In a preferred solution, a sound fish attracting device 8 and an electric fish attracting device 9 are provided at the bottom of the fixed bottom plate 2' close to the downstream direction.

[0033] The sound fish luring and driving device 8 plays the sound of courtship and bait delivery as fish luring signals and the warning sound of companions as fish driving signals to induce fish to go to or stay away from a specific area; The electric fish driving device 9 is used to excite an electric field to prompt the fish to quickly leave the fishway entrance and prevent them from being stranded or returning.

[0034] In a preferred solution, a gate plate 11 is provided in the channel body 13, and a camera 10 facing downstream is provided in the channel body 13 in a direction close to the downstream.

[0035] In a preferred solution, the guide rail 4 extends to the fixed bottom plate 2', so that the two side plates 1 can be flipped inwards to close the passage.

[0036] Embodiment 2: The method for operating a fish passage through an assembled fish passage according to Embodiment 1 includes operations when a school of fish swims upstream and operations when a school of fish swims downstream, wherein: The operations when the fish school is upstream include: 1) When the camera 10 detects that the upstream fish school is approaching the channel body 13, the gate 11 is opened and the two side panels 1 are brought together toward the middle by the motor 5, so that the fish school gathers toward the downstream straight line of the channel body 13, and the fish school is lured to the top of the fixed bottom plate 2' by the light fish luring device 7 and the sound fish luring device 8; 2) When the school of fish reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate 2', the motor 5 is used to expand the two side plates 1 to both sides to guide the water flow and ensure a smooth transition of the water flow, and at the same time, the gate 11 is lowered to control the flow rate in the channel body 13; 3) After the fish school enters the channel body 13, the light fish-luring device 7 and the sound fish-luring device 8 are used to drive the fish upstream and guide the fish school upstream; The operations when the fish school is going down include: 1) When the camera 10 detects that the fish school is approaching the channel body 13, the fish are induced to move toward the fixed bottom plate 2' through the fish luring mode of the light fish luring device 7 and the sound fish luring device 8; 2) When the fish school reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate 2', the electric fish driving device 9 drives the fish into the downstream waters and guides the fish school downward.

[0037] In a preferred solution, in the fish upstream operation method, the gate 11 in step 2) adjusts the flow rate in the channel body 13 to the flow rate required by the fish species by controlling the water flow area; In the fish shoal descending operation method, in step 2), when the fish shoal reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate 2', the gate 11 is lowered and the water flow velocity in the channel body 13 is increased, so that the water flow impacts the fish shoal to achieve the purpose of driving the fish shoal downward.

[0038] The entire device is portable, supports disassembly and reuse, and is suitable for various types of fishways. Since no on-site construction is required, cost expenditure is reduced, and the consistency and reliability of product quality are guaranteed. At the same time, the device occupies a small space, is easy to transport, and is light and easy to operate, further enhancing its practicality and economy. At the same time, it effectively improves and optimizes the water flow environment of the fishway, improves the effect of attracting and driving fish, and ultimately achieves the purpose of enhancing the functionality and applicability of fish facilities.

Claims

1. An assembled fish passage, characterized in that: The invention comprises a channel body (13), wherein side plates (1) are provided on both downstream sides of the channel body (13), a fixed bottom plate (2') is provided at the downstream lower part of the channel body (13), movable bottom plates (2) are provided on both sides of the fixed bottom plate (2'), a guide rail (4) is provided on the movable bottom plate (2), a slider (14) is provided at the bottom of the side plate (1), and the slider (14) is arranged in the guide rail (4).

2. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side plate (1) is movably connected to the downstream side walls of the channel body (13) via hinges (3); The two movable bottom plates (2) are also movably connected to the two sides of the fixed bottom plate (2') via hinges (3).

3. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fish guide net (6) is provided extending in the downstream direction of the side plate (1), the movable bottom plate (2) and the fixed bottom plate (2').

4. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A motor (5) is provided on the two side walls of the channel body (13) in a direction close to the downstream, and a traction rope (12) is provided on the motor (5). One end of the traction rope (12) is wound on a rope winding mechanism connected to a drive shaft of the motor (5), and the other end is fixedly connected to a side of the side plate (1) away from the channel body (13).

5. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light-induced fish-repelling device (7) is provided at the lower edge of the side plate (1).

6. The assembled fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sound fish-luring device (8) and an electric fish-driving device (9) are provided at the bottom of the fixed bottom plate (2') in a direction close to the downstream.

7. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gate plate (11) is provided in the channel body (13), and a camera (10) facing downstream is provided in the channel body (13) in a direction close to the downstream.

8. The assembled fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail (4) extends to the fixed bottom plate (2'), so that the two side plates (1) can be flipped inwards to close the passage.

9. A method for operating a fish passage in an assembled fish passage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes the operation when the fish school is upstream and the operation when the fish school is downstream, among which: The operations when the fish school is upstream include: 1) When the camera (10) detects that the upstream fish school is approaching the channel body (13), the gate (11) is opened and the two side plates (1) are brought together toward the middle by the motor (5), so that the fish school gathers toward the downstream straight line of the channel body (13), and the fish luring mode of the light luring fish device (7) and the sound luring fish device (8) is cooperated to lure the fish school to the top of the fixed bottom plate (2'); 2) When the school of fish reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate (2'), the two side plates (1) are expanded to both sides by the motor (5) to guide the water flow and ensure a smooth transition of the water flow, and at the same time, the gate (11) is lowered to control the flow rate in the channel body (13); 3) After the school of fish enters the channel body (13), the light-induced fish-driving device (7) and the sound-induced fish-driving device (8) are used to drive the fish upstream and guide the school of fish upstream; The operations when the fish school is going down include: 1) When the camera (10) detects that the fish school is approaching the channel body (13), the fish are induced to move toward the fixed bottom plate (2') through the fish luring mode of the light luring fish device (7) and the sound luring fish device (8); 2) When the school of fish reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate (2'), the electric fish driving device (9) drives the fish into the downstream waters and guides the school of fish downward.

10. A method for operating a fish passage in an assembled fish passage according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the fish upstream operation method, the gate (11) in step 2) adjusts the flow rate in the channel body (13) to the flow rate required by the fish species by controlling the water flow area; In the method for operating the fish shoal to descend, in step 2), when the fish shoal reaches the area above the fixed bottom plate (2'), the gate (11) is lowered and the flow velocity of the water in the channel body (13) is increased, so that the water flow impacts the fish shoal and the purpose of driving the fish shoal downward is achieved.

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