Electric-water absorption composite electrode and application method thereof in soft soil dehydration and reinforcement

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric-water absorption composite electrode and an application method of the electric-water absorption composite electrode in soft soil dehydration reinforcement, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, the electric-water absorption composite electrode comprises a three-layer flexible electrode composed of a drainage layer and composite electrode layers arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the drainage layer, and each composite electrode layer is of a fractal structure composed of a conductive area and a water absorption area; the conductive area and the water absorption area are both formed by weaving carbon fibers and water absorption fibers, the water guide area takes the carbon fibers as a main body material, and the water absorption area takes the water absorption fibers as a main body material; wherein the conductive area is used for providing an electric field through carbon fiber conduction to drive moisture migration; the water absorption area is used for absorbing water by using water absorption fibers; the drainage area is used for conducting moisture. By adopting the electric-water absorption composite electrode and the application method thereof in soft soil dehydration and reinforcement, the electric-water absorption composite electrode has the functions of electric conduction, water absorption, water diversion and water drainage, the electroosmosis and capillary suction effects can be fully utilized, the moisture migration in soft soil can be accelerated, the dehydration efficiency can be improved, and the soil body strength can be enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, in particular to an electric-water-absorbing composite electrode and an application method thereof in the dehydration and reinforcement of soft soil. Background Art

[0002] Soft soil generally refers to clay soil in a soft plastic-fluid plastic state with high natural water content, high compressibility, low bearing capacity and very low shear strength. It is widely distributed in coastal areas, lake sedimentary areas and alluvial plains. During the dredging of rivers and ports, a large amount of soft soil is also produced. It has high water content, low permeability and low strength, resulting in insufficient foundation bearing capacity and serious settlement problems, which greatly restricts the progress of infrastructure construction and geological disaster prevention and control. Although traditional soft soil reinforcement methods, such as vacuum preloading, sand well drainage and chemical reinforcement methods, have improved the drainage and consolidation effects to a certain extent, they still have problems such as long construction period, high energy consumption and environmental pollution.

[0003] To solve the above problems, the electric drainage reinforcement method has been introduced in the market. As an efficient soft soil treatment technology, it drives the migration of charged ions and water molecules in the pores by applying an electric field in the soil, thereby driving the pore water to drain. However, since traditional electric technology often faces challenges such as electrode blockage, increased electrode interface resistance, decreased current efficiency, and high energy consumption in practical applications, its large-scale promotion is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric-water-absorbing composite electrode and an application method thereof in the dehydration and reinforcement of soft soil, so as to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a composite electrode, comprising a three-layer flexible electrode consisting of a drainage layer and a composite electrode layer arranged on the upper and lower sides of the drainage layer, wherein the composite electrode layer is a fractal structure consisting of a conductive area and a water-absorbing area, and the conductive area and the water-absorbing area are woven from carbon fibers and water-absorbing fibers, wherein the conductive area uses carbon fibers and water-absorbing fibers as main materials, and the water-absorbing area uses water-absorbing fibers as main materials; Among them, the conductive area is used to provide an electric field by using carbon fiber conductivity to drive moisture migration; The absorbent area is used to absorb water using absorbent fibers; Drain fields are used to conduct water.

[0006] Preferably, the proportion of carbon fibers in the composite electrode layer is not less than 8%; The conductive area and the water-absorbing area are woven by warp and weft, wherein the warp of the conductive area includes carbon fiber and water-absorbing fiber, and the weft of the conductive area is carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp direction, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers is 0.3 mm, forming a uniform conductive skeleton; The warp of the water absorption zone is water absorption fiber and carbon fiber, and the weft is carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp direction, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers is 2 mm; The interval between two adjacent carbon fibers arranged in the warp direction in the conductive area and the water absorption area is 2 mm.

[0007] Preferably, the carbon fibers in the conductive area and the water absorbing area are both formed by twisting 3000 carbon fiber monofilaments with a diameter of 7 μm; The absorbent fibers in the water absorption area and the conductive area are all 1000D fiber filaments made of 12μm diameter single filaments twisted together. The surface of the fiber filaments is provided with axial water guide grooves with a width of 5μm-11μm, which play a capillary water absorption role. The axial extension direction of the axial water guide groove is the same as the slope drainage path, and the water conduction rate is not less than 0.5L / (m 2 h); The weaving density of the water-absorbing fibers in the water-absorbing area and the conductive area is 50 fibers / cm.

[0008] Preferably, the water-absorbent fiber is made by adding water-absorbent masterbatch sodium polyacrylate into polyamide fiber masterbatch.

[0009] Preferably, the drainage layer is made of a flexible drainage board, and a plurality of drainage channels arranged in parallel to each other are opened inside the flexible drainage board, the spacing between two adjacent drainage channels is 5 mm, and the width of the drainage channel is 2 mm; The surface of the flexible drainage board is provided with drainage holes connected with the composite electrode layer, and the diameter of the drainage holes is 0.1 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the material of the flexible drainage board is porous polyurethane foam, and the porosity of the porous polyurethane foam is 80%.

[0011] Preferably, a reverse filter interlayer is provided between the two composite electrode layers and the drainage layer. The reverse filter interlayer is a polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the pore sizes are 50 μm and 10 μm respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the upper composite electrode layer, the upper filter interlayer, the drainage layer, the lower filter interlayer and the lower composite electrode layer are composited by a hot pressing process, and the interlayer shear strength is ≥50 kPa.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of moisture content sensors uniformly arranged in a rectangular array are provided in the composite electrode layer, and the moisture content sensors have a sensitivity of ±0.5% and a response time of 1 s; The moisture sensor communicates with the microcontroller via the wireless transmission module, the microcontroller is connected to the power supply, and the power supply is connected to the composite electrode layer, so that the microcontroller can adjust the electric field strength and the positive and negative poles according to the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture sensor; The distance between two adjacent moisture content sensors is 1m.

[0014] The application method of the electric-water-absorbing composite electrode in the dehydration and reinforcement of soft soil includes the following steps: S1. Laying the first layer of soil structure: evenly laying the first electric-water-absorbing composite electrode on the surface of the treatment site, and flattening or blowing the first layer of silt soft soil on it, and then laying the second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode to complete the laying of the first layer of soil structure; S2. Electroosmotic drainage of the first layer of soil structure: A positive electrode and a negative electrode are applied to the first electric-water absorbing composite electrode and the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode respectively. After power is turned on, the first electric-water absorbing composite electrode becomes an anode and the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode becomes a cathode, forming an electric field from bottom to top. The water in the first layer of silt soft soil migrates vertically from bottom to top under the action of the electric field, is introduced into the drainage channel through the drainage holes and is discharged along the drainage channel; in this process, the water is discharged by using the water absorption performance of the water absorbing fiber and the axial water guide groove at the same time; S3, multi-layer soil structure treatment: lay a second layer of silt soft soil on the top of the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode, repeat the laying of the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode, and control the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode to be transformed into an anode, and the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode to be controlled as a cathode, and vertical drainage is performed. In this process, the first layer of soil structure is drained and consolidated by using its own weight, and the reciprocating treatment is performed until the multi-layer soil structure treatment is completed; S4. Horizontal electro-osmosis drainage and reinforcement: Pulse current is applied in the horizontal direction, and the remote soil is used as the cathode to form a horizontal electric field, driving the water in the composite electrode to be discharged horizontally to the remote soil, completing the electric dehydration reinforcement of the silt soft soil.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned electric-water-absorbing composite electrode and its application method in soft soil dehydration and reinforcement, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Advantages of composite electrode function integration: It integrates the functions of conductivity, water absorption, water conduction and drainage. The conductive area is used to use carbon fiber to provide an electric field effect to enhance the electroosmotic drainage effect; the water absorption area is used to use the water absorption fiber to play a capillary role to absorb soft soil moisture and conduct water; the drainage area provides a drainage channel to reduce electrode blockage. The above multi-functional integration makes full use of the electroosmosis and capillary suction effects. Compared with traditional electrode materials, it can more efficiently process soft soil moisture and improve dehydration efficiency; 2. Improve dehydration efficiency and reduce energy consumption: According to the thickness of the single-layer blown fill soil, the density of the water-absorbing fibers in the electrode can be changed before electroosmosis to form a "pulse electric field-gradient wicking" synergistic drainage mode. At this time, the application of a pulse electric field can reduce the interface resistance, change the density of the water-absorbing fibers according to the thickness of the soil, accelerate water migration, and increase the drainage rate; at the same time, the electrode polarity can be periodically switched to prevent the electrode polarization effect, and the electric field strength can be adjusted in real time in combination with an adaptive power supply, thereby reducing energy consumption and processing costs while ensuring the dehydration effect; 3. Enhanced soil reinforcement effect advantage: The soft soil rapid dehydration reinforcement method can use the loading pressure to promote the self-weight reinforcement of the lower sludge during the multi-layer sludge loading process. After the treatment is completed, the water-absorbing fibers of the electrode material remaining in the soil can continue to absorb and conduct water, and can also provide soil reinforcement, effectively enhancing the soil strength, improving the bearing capacity of the foundation, and reducing settlement problems; 4. Adaptability to complex environment and stable and lasting advantages: The electrode structure adopts flexible materials, which can adapt to complex soil environment, reduce interface resistance loss and improve durability; and the three layers of flexible composite electrodes are closely matched, the middle drainage layer is combined with porous materials to enhance drainage performance, and the anti-filtration interlayer prevents clogging of the drainage board, ensuring the stability and durability of the drainage system, and can play a long-term and stable dehydration reinforcement role; In summary, the present invention can effectively improve drainage efficiency, alleviate drainage blockage, reduce interface resistance, and extend electrode life through the design of composite electrode materials, overcome the shortcomings of traditional technologies, and broaden the engineering application scope of electric reinforcement, so that it is suitable for engineering fields such as dredging sludge treatment in water conservancy projects, high-water content soft soil foundation treatment, and sludge treatment.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite electrode of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the application of a composite electrode of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals 1. Composite electrode layer; 11. Water-absorbing fiber; 12. Carbon fiber; 2. Filter interlayer; 3. Drainage layer; 4. Drainage hole; 5. First electric-water-absorbing composite electrode; 6. First layer of soil structure; 7. Second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a composite electrode comprises a three-layer flexible electrode consisting of a drainage layer 3 and a composite electrode layer 1 arranged on the upper and lower sides of the drainage layer 3, so that it can adapt to complex soil environments, reduce interface losses, and improve durability. The composite electrode layer 1 is a fractal structure consisting of a conductive area and a water absorption area, which improves electroosmosis uniformity; and the conductive area and the water absorption area are both woven from carbon fibers 12 and water absorption fibers 11, wherein the water-conducting area uses carbon fibers 12 as the main material, and the water absorption area uses water absorption fibers 11 as the main material; wherein the conductive area is used to use the carbon fibers 12 to conduct electricity to provide an electric field to drive moisture migration; the water absorption area is used to use the water absorption fibers 11 to absorb moisture; and the drainage area is used to conduct moisture.

[0023] The proportion of carbon fiber 12 in the composite electrode layer 1 is not less than 8%; the conductive area and the water absorption area are both woven by warp and weft, wherein the warp of the conductive area includes carbon fiber 12 and water absorption fiber 11, the weft of the conductive area is carbon fiber 12, and the carbon fiber 12 as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers 12 is 0.3mm, forming a uniform conductive skeleton; the warp of the water absorption area is water absorption fiber 11 and carbon fiber 12, the weft is carbon fiber 12, and the carbon fiber 12 as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers 12 is 2mm; the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers 12 arranged in the warp in the conductive area and the water absorption area is 2mm.

[0024] The carbon fibers 12 in the conductive area and the water-absorbing area are both twisted together by 3000 carbon fiber monofilaments with a diameter of 7 μm; the water-absorbing fibers 11 in the water-absorbing area and the conductive area are both 1000D fiber filaments twisted together by monofilaments with a diameter of 12 μm. Axial water guide grooves with a width of 5 μm-11 μm are opened on the surface of the fiber filaments to play a capillary water absorption role, and the axial extension direction of the axial water guide grooves is the same as the slope drainage path, and the water conduction rate is not less than 0.5L / (m 2 ·h); the weaving density of the water-absorbing fibers 11 in the water-absorbing area and the conductive area is 50 fibers / cm.

[0025] The water-absorbing fiber 11 is made by adding water-absorbing masterbatch sodium polyacrylate to the polyamide fiber masterbatch. The combination of the polyamide fiber masterbatch and the water-absorbing masterbatch sodium polyacrylate produces a synergistic effect, that is, the water absorption capacity of sodium polyacrylate cooperates with the support and conductive properties of the polyamide fiber, so that the water-absorbing fiber 11 not only has a strong water absorption capacity, but also can maintain good morphology and structural stability, so that in the process of soft soil dehydration and reinforcement, the water-absorbing fiber 11 can effectively absorb the moisture in the soft soil and conduct the moisture to the drainage channel to achieve an efficient dehydration effect. At the same time, after adding sodium polyacrylate to the polyamide fiber masterbatch, the surface morphology and structure of the fiber will be changed, and the specific surface area of ​​the fiber will be increased. A larger specific surface area means that the fiber has a larger contact area with water, so that it can be more fully in contact with water molecules, and the water absorption rate and water absorption amount are increased. The tiny protrusions and pores formed by sodium polyacrylate on the fiber surface further increase the adsorption capacity of the fiber, so that the water-absorbing fiber 11 can absorb the moisture in the soft soil more quickly.

[0026] The drainage layer 3 is made of a flexible drainage board, and a plurality of drainage channels arranged parallel to each other are opened inside the flexible drainage board. The spacing between two adjacent drainage channels is 5 mm, and the width of the drainage channel is 2 mm. Drainage holes 4 connected to the axial water guide groove and the drainage channel respectively are opened on the surface of the flexible drainage board, and the diameter of the drainage hole 4 is 0.1 mm.

[0027] The material of the flexible drainage board is porous polyurethane foam, and the porosity of the porous polyurethane foam is 80%, so as to improve the drainage effect by utilizing its high permeability and reduce the clogging effect of soil deposition on the drainage layer 3.

[0028] A reverse filter interlayer 2 is provided between the two composite electrode layers 1 and the drainage layer 3. The reverse filter interlayer 2 is a polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the pore sizes are 50 μm and 10 μm respectively.

[0029] The upper composite electrode layer 1, the upper filter interlayer 2, the drainage layer 3, the lower filter interlayer 2 and the lower composite electrode layer 1 are composited by hot pressing process, and the interlayer shear strength is ≥50kPa.

[0030] The composite electrode layer 1 is provided with a plurality of moisture sensors evenly arranged in a rectangular array, the sensitivity of the moisture sensor is ±0.5%, and the response time is 1s; the moisture sensor communicates with the microcontroller via a wireless transmission module, the microcontroller is connected to the power supply, and the power supply is electrically connected to the composite electrode layer 1, so as to adjust the electric field strength and the positive and negative poles according to the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture sensor using the microcontroller. In this embodiment, a plurality of moisture sensors are arranged between the anti-filtration interlayer and the water-absorbing fiber; and the distance between two adjacent moisture sensors is 1m, so as to monitor the moisture content at different positions.

[0031] It should be noted that the above-mentioned electronic components are mature products on the market. This embodiment only needs to purchase them and connect them according to the instructions. No improvement is made to them, so their circuit connection structure and principle will not be described in detail here.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the application method of the electric-water-absorbing composite electrode in the dehydration and reinforcement of soft soil includes the following steps: S1. Laying the first layer of soil structure 6: evenly laying the first electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 5 on the surface of the treatment site, and flattening or blowing the first layer of silt soft soil thereon, paying attention to the flatness to avoid local accumulation or gaps, and then laying the second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 7 to complete the laying of the first layer of soil structure 6; S2, electroosmosis drainage of the first soil structure 6: the positive electrode and the negative electrode are applied to the first electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 5 and the second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 7 respectively. After power is turned on, the first electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 5 becomes an anode and the second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode 7 becomes a cathode, forming an electric field from bottom to top. The water in the first layer of silt soft soil migrates vertically from bottom to top under the action of the electric field, is introduced into the drainage channel through the drainage hole 4 and is discharged along the drainage channel; in this process, the water is discharged by using the water absorption performance of the water-absorbing fiber and the axial water guide groove at the same time; S3, multi-layer soil structure treatment: a second layer of silt soft soil is laid on the top of the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode 7, and the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode is repeatedly laid, and the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode 7 is controlled to be transformed into an anode, and the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode is controlled to be a cathode, and vertical drainage is performed. In this process, the first layer of soil structure 6 is drained and consolidated by its own weight, and the reciprocating treatment is performed until the multi-layer soil structure treatment is completed; S4. Horizontal electro-osmosis drainage and reinforcement: Pulse current with a frequency of 1.5 kHz is applied in the horizontal direction, and the remote soil is used as the cathode to form a horizontal electric field, which drives the water in the composite electrode to be discharged horizontally to the remote soil, thus completing the electric dehydration reinforcement of the silt soft soil.

[0033] During the normal drainage process of the above-mentioned soft soil dehydration reinforcement, due to the effects of electroosmosis and capillary water absorption, water will continue to be discharged from the soil and flow out through the drainage channel. At this time, the moisture sensor will monitor the gradual decrease in soil moisture content. If the drainage channel is unobstructed, the water can be discharged smoothly, and the downward trend of the moisture content will be relatively stable and in line with the expected dehydration rate. However, when the drainage channel is blocked, the water cannot be discharged from the soil normally. At this time, the moisture sensor will detect that the rate of decrease of soil moisture content has slowed down significantly, and the moisture content may even stop decreasing or increase slightly. This is because the water cannot be discharged through the blocked drainage channel and accumulates in the soil, resulting in the inability to reduce the moisture content as normal. After judging the blockage, the direction of the electric field can be changed by periodically switching the positive and negative poles of the composite electrode. When the direction of the electric field changes, the direction of movement of water flow and fine particles that originally moved in one direction will also change accordingly. The fine particles originally accumulated in the drainage channel will be washed out under the action of the reverse water flow and discharged from the soil along with the water flow, thereby flushing the drainage channel and preventing blockage of the vertical drainage channel.

[0034] In the entire soft soil dehydration and reinforcement process, the moisture content sensor can continuously monitor the moisture content changes of the soil in real time and feed back the moisture content changes to the microcontroller. The microcontroller adjusts the current intensity according to the comparison results between the real-time data and the threshold until the moisture content of the soil reaches the preset target moisture content, so as to ensure that the moisture content of the soil is stable near the target value.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode, characterized in that: The invention comprises a three-layer flexible electrode composed of a drainage layer and a composite electrode layer arranged on the upper and lower sides of the drainage layer, wherein the composite electrode layer is a fractal structure composed of a conductive area and a water-absorbing area, and the conductive area and the water-absorbing area are woven from carbon fibers and water-absorbing fibers, wherein the conductive area uses carbon fibers and water-absorbing fibers as the main materials, and the water-absorbing area uses water-absorbing fibers as the main materials; Among them, the conductive area is used to provide an electric field by using carbon fiber conductivity to drive moisture migration; The absorbent area is used to absorb water using absorbent fibers; Drain fields are used to conduct water.

2. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proportion of carbon fiber in the composite electrode layer is not less than 8%; The conductive area and the water-absorbing area are woven by warp and weft, wherein the warp of the conductive area includes carbon fiber and water-absorbing fiber, and the weft of the conductive area is carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp direction, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers is 0.3 mm, forming a uniform conductive skeleton; The warp of the water absorption zone is water absorption fiber and carbon fiber, and the weft is carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber as the weft is evenly arranged along the warp direction, and the interval between two adjacent carbon fibers is 2 mm; The interval between two adjacent carbon fibers arranged in the warp direction in the conductive area and the water absorption area is 2 mm.

3. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon fibers in the conductive area and the water-absorbing area are both made of 3,000 carbon fiber monofilaments with a diameter of 7 μm twisted together; The absorbent fibers in the water absorption area and the conductive area are all 1000D fiber filaments made of 12μm diameter single filaments twisted together. The surface of the fiber filaments is provided with axial water guide grooves with a width of 5μm-11μm, which play a capillary water absorption role. The axial extension direction of the axial water guide groove is the same as the slope drainage path, and the water conduction rate is not less than 0.5L / (m 2 h); The weaving density of the water-absorbing fibers in the water-absorbing area and the conductive area is 50 fibers / cm.

4. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water-absorbent fiber is prepared by adding water-absorbent masterbatch sodium polyacrylate into polyamide fiber masterbatch.

5. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drainage layer is made of a flexible drainage board, and a plurality of drainage channels arranged parallel to each other are opened inside the flexible drainage board, the spacing between two adjacent drainage channels is 5 mm, and the width of the drainage channel is 2 mm; The surface of the flexible drainage board is provided with drainage holes connected with the composite electrode layer, and the diameter of the drainage holes is 0.1 mm.

6. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material of the flexible drainage board is porous polyurethane foam, and the porosity of the porous polyurethane foam is 80%.

7. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 5, characterized in that: A reverse filter interlayer is arranged between the two composite electrode layers and the drainage layer. The reverse filter interlayer is made of polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the pore sizes are 50 μm and 10 μm respectively.

8. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper composite electrode layer, the upper filter interlayer, the drainage layer, the lower filter interlayer and the lower composite electrode layer are composited by a hot pressing process, and the interlayer shear strength is ≥50kPa.

9. The electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of moisture content sensors are arranged evenly in a rectangular array in the composite electrode layer. The moisture content sensors have a sensitivity of ±0.5% and a response time of 1s. The moisture sensor communicates with the microcontroller via the wireless transmission module, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the power supply, and the power supply is connected to the composite electrode layer, so that the microcontroller can adjust the electric field strength and the positive and negative poles according to the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture sensor; The distance between two adjacent moisture content sensors is 1m.

10. The method for applying the electrokinetic-water-absorbing composite electrode to the dehydration and reinforcement of soft soil according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Laying the first layer of soil structure: evenly laying the first electric-water-absorbing composite electrode on the surface of the treatment site, and flattening or blowing the first layer of silt soft soil on it, and then laying the second electric-water-absorbing composite electrode to complete the laying of the first layer of soil structure; S2. Electroosmotic drainage of the first layer of soil structure: A positive electrode and a negative electrode are applied to the first electric-water absorbing composite electrode and the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode respectively. After power is turned on, the first electric-water absorbing composite electrode becomes an anode and the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode becomes a cathode, forming an electric field from bottom to top. The water in the first layer of silt soft soil migrates vertically from bottom to top under the action of the electric field, is introduced into the drainage channel through the drainage holes and is discharged along the drainage channel; in this process, the water is discharged by using the water absorption performance of the water absorbing fiber and the axial water guide groove at the same time; S3, multi-layer soil structure treatment: lay a second layer of silt soft soil on the top of the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode, repeat the laying of the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode, and control the second electric-water absorbing composite electrode to be transformed into an anode, and the third electric-water absorbing composite electrode to be controlled as a cathode, and vertical drainage is performed. In this process, the first layer of soil structure is drained and consolidated by using its own weight, and the reciprocating treatment is performed until the multi-layer soil structure treatment is completed; S4. Horizontal electro-osmosis drainage and reinforcement: Pulse current is applied in the horizontal direction, and the remote soil is used as the cathode to form a horizontal electric field, driving the water in the composite electrode to be discharged horizontally to the remote soil, completing the electric dehydration reinforcement of the silt soft soil.

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