Pre-splitting blasting method for precise drilling and rapid charging of strip mine

Abstract

The invention relates to a pre-splitting blasting method for precise drilling and rapid charging of a strip mine. The pre-splitting blasting method comprises the following steps that (1) drilling parameters are designed; (2) cleaning a working surface; (3) arranging drill holes; (4) drilling operation; (5) the drilling quality is checked; and (6) charging and blasting. In the pre-splitting blasting process, by optimizing the drilling operation and the charging operation, the drilling precision and the charging efficiency can be improved, and efficient common-bottom blasting is achieved. According to the drilling operation, key information such as the drilling position, the inclination degree of a drilling rig, the ground elevation, the drilling elevation of a drill bit and the drilling depth in the drilling process is determined and displayed through a Beidou intelligent rock drilling guiding system, the drilling operation precision is guaranteed, drilling reaches the design standard, and a good foundation is laid for common-bottom blasting. In the explosive charging operation, the net sleeve and the self-locking nylon cable tie are adopted to replace the existing bamboo chips or PVC materials for explosive string manufacturing, the explosive charging efficiency can be effectively improved, and the explosive charging cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit mine blasting construction, and in particular relates to an open-pit mine precise drilling and rapid charge pre-splitting blasting method. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit blasting is an important part of open-pit mining, and the blasting effect directly affects the shoveling efficiency and production efficiency. Drilling and charging are the key links of blasting. The accuracy of drilling parameters (such as hole spacing, row spacing, depth, hole bottom elevation), charging speed and quality directly affect the blasting effect and efficiency.

[0003] Although the site that actually needs blasting will be leveled before drilling, the site is still uneven, which leads to inaccurate elevations of the borehole mouth and the bottom of the hole, with large deviations. Moreover, when drilling, the driver roughly judges the hole depth based on the length of the drill rod. After drilling is completed, the hole depth is insufficient, which further leads to inaccurate bottom elevation. After blasting, the bottom of the hole will be uneven, and the excavator will be uneven after shoveling, which is not conducive to the flatness of the steps and the formation of the road.

[0004] In addition, when charging the borehole for pre-splitting blasting, since the depth of the inclined pre-splitting blasthole is generally 12-17m, it is generally necessary to bundle the charge rolls and detonating cords on the long retention sheet at intervals, and then put them into the predetermined position of the blasthole. At present, the long retention sheet mainly adopts multiple connected bamboo pieces or PVC pipes. When using, since these two long retention sheets are hard materials, they need to be made on-site next to the blasthole, and they cannot be loaded while entering the hole. After the entire charge string is made, the length is long, and 3-4 people are required to cooperate to put it into the hole, resulting in low efficiency of entering the hole; the purchase cost of these two materials is high, which increases the blasting cost. In addition, PVC also has the problem of uneven blasting caused by the accumulation of charge rolls sliding down. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a pre-splitting blasting method for precise drilling and rapid charging in open-pit mines.

[0006] The specific technical solution is: a method for accurate drilling and rapid charging of pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines, comprising the following steps: (1) Design drilling parameters: Design the location, depth, diameter and spacing of the drilling holes according to the geological survey of the ore layer; (2) Cleaning the working surface: Before drilling, clean and level the working surface to be drilled; (3) Drilling hole layout: Drilling hole layout according to the drilling design parameters; (4) Drilling operation: Drilling is performed using a drilling rig equipped with a Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system on-board mobile terminal; the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system includes a base station, a vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, a sensor data acquisition system, a vehicle-mounted controller, a GNSS satellite antenna and a remote information platform; during drilling operations, the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal first receives the differential positioning data sent by the base station, the satellite positioning data sent by the GNSS satellite antenna, and the depth data and inclination data pre-processed by the vehicle-mounted controller, and then uses its onboard professional positioning guidance software to calculate the centimeter-level positioning coordinates of the drilling position. At the same time, after fusing the depth data and inclination data, the real-time plane and elevation coordinates of the drill bit position are calculated to achieve layout positioning; key position information, drill frame inclination information, ground elevation information, drill bit drilling elevation, and drilling depth information during the drilling rig construction process will also be intuitively displayed on the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, and the drilling rig driver can accurately drill according to the displayed data to ensure that the drilling position, inclination, and depth accuracy meet the design requirements; (5) Check the drilling quality: After the drilling is completed, check whether the depth, diameter and inclination of the drilling meet the design requirements, and rectify the drilling that does not meet the requirements; (6) Charging and blasting: Select appropriate explosives for charging. When charging, design the length of the charge string and charge roll according to the depth, diameter and degree of pre-splitting blasting of the borehole. Cut a mesh and detonating cord that is 1-1.5m longer than the depth of the borehole, and stack the mesh and detonating cord together. Then, bundle the charge rolls onto the mesh and detonating cord at intervals. Once the charge rolls are bundled, a charge string is obtained. Place the charge string into the borehole, and bundle the excess mesh and detonating cord with a sack filled with rock chips. Then, ignite the detonating cord for blasting.

[0007] Furthermore, the reference station in step (4) is used to broadcast differential positioning data, which is used to provide accurate correction data to the vehicle-mounted satellite positioning device, thereby reducing or eliminating the error source in the satellite positioning process, so that the plane and elevation positioning of the vehicle-mounted positioning device can reach the centimeter level, ensuring the accuracy of the plane and elevation positioning of the drilling rig; The vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal mainly relies on processors, professional positioning guidance software, and display screens to carry out fusion processing of various sensor perception data, and to provide dynamic and intuitive guidance and display of construction indicators, which is equivalent to the brain and interactive terminal of this system; The sensor data acquisition system mainly includes an inclination sensor and a depth sensor, wherein the inclination sensor is used to collect the inclination data of the drill frame, and the depth sensor is used to collect the drilling progress of the drill rod; The vehicle-mounted controller is used to pre-process the data collected by the tilt sensor and the depth sensor; The GNSS satellite antenna is used to receive satellite positioning data in the sky and transmit it to the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal; The remote information platform is used to receive various types of drilling rig construction data collected and stored in the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, and analyze, process, display and apply the data.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (5), for drill holes of the same size, the same explosive string needs to be produced. In this case, a template for the explosive string can be produced first, and then the mesh and detonating cord of the same length are cut according to the template, and the explosive rolls with the same amount of explosives are bundled at the same position of the mesh and the detonating cord from bottom to top to complete the production of the explosive string.

[0009] Furthermore, the mesh sleeve in step (5) is a plastic nylon PE mesh sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (5), self-locking nylon cable ties are used to bundle the medicine rolls.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (5), one medicine string is divided into 15-20 sections, or 20-30 sections.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention can improve the drilling accuracy and charging efficiency by optimizing the drilling operation and charging operation during the pre-splitting blasting process, and realize efficient common bottom blasting. The drilling operation adopts the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system. Based on the high-precision positioning advantage of Beidou and sensor-assisted data acquisition, it can integrate and process positioning data, inclination data and depth data in real time, so as to determine and display the drilling position, drilling frame inclination, ground elevation, drill bit drilling elevation, drilling depth and other key information during the drilling process, provide intuitive construction guidance information for the drill driver, implement precise drilling, ensure the accuracy of the drilling operation, and these data can also be monitored and adjusted in real time during the drilling operation, so that all boreholes meet the design requirements, laying a good foundation for common bottom blasting. The charging operation uses mesh sleeves and self-locking nylon cable ties to replace the existing bamboo pieces or PVC materials for the production of drug strings, which has the characteristics of convenient raw material acquisition and storage, high charging and hole entry efficiency, simple operation, and fewer operators, and can effectively improve charging efficiency and reduce charging costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is the overall architecture diagram of the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the main interface diagram of the professional positioning guidance software of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a working panel diagram of the professional positioning guidance software of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an interface diagram of the remote information platform of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a plan view of making a drug string with reference to a drug string template of the present invention; Figure 6This is an example diagram of the pre-splitting charge structure of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the net sleeve of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0015] The present invention provides a pre-splitting blasting method for accurate drilling and rapid charging of open-pit mines, comprising the following steps: (1) Design drilling parameters: Design the location, depth, diameter and spacing of the drilling holes according to the geological survey of the ore layer; (2) Cleaning the working surface: Before drilling, clean and level the working surface to be drilled; (3) Drilling hole layout: Drilling hole layout according to the drilling design parameters; (4) Drilling operation: Drilling is performed using a drilling rig equipped with a Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system mobile terminal; Figure 1 As shown, the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system includes a base station, a vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, a sensor data acquisition system, a vehicle-mounted controller, a GNSS satellite antenna and a remote information platform; Among them, the base station supports network mode (CORS) and radio mode, and is set up in a board room. The base station mainly cooperates with the vehicle-mounted GNSS satellite antenna to achieve centimeter-level positioning of the drilling rig and drill bit. Specifically, the base station broadcasts differential positioning data to the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal through network or radio signals. This data is used to provide accurate correction data to the vehicle-mounted satellite positioning equipment, thereby reducing or eliminating satellite clock errors, satellite ephemeris errors, ionospheric delays, tropospheric delays and other error sources in the satellite positioning process, so that the plane and elevation positioning of the vehicle-mounted positioning equipment can reach the centimeter level, ensuring the accuracy of the plane and elevation positioning of the drilling rig.

[0016] The vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal is installed in the drilling rig cab to facilitate the observation and control of drilling parameters; the terminal mainly relies on the processor, professional positioning guidance software, and display screen to integrate and process the data perceived by various sensors, and dynamically and intuitively guide the display of construction indicators, which is equivalent to the brain and interactive terminal of this system. Its professional positioning guidance software "Drilling and Blasting Pioneer" (such as Figure 2 Figure 3As shown in the figure), the layout positioning and operation data collection and recording are realized through the logical algorithm processing of the drilling position, depth and elevation data. At the same time, the ground elevation, drilling depth, drilling angle, drilling speed and other indicators can be dynamically monitored. The operation records can be saved locally or uploaded to the remote information platform through the network.

[0017] The sensor data acquisition system includes an inclination sensor and a depth sensor. The inclination sensor is used to collect the inclination data of the drill rig, and the depth sensor is used to collect the drilling progress of the drill rod. The collected inclination and depth data are pre-processed by the on-board controller, and the key data required for the system function is extracted and transmitted to the on-board high-precision integrated display terminal for operation display. On the one hand, the display of inclination data can guide the driver to perform vertical and inclined hole operations. On the other hand, it can be used to compensate for the error of the GNSS satellite antenna in calculating the drill bit position due to a small inclination of the drilling rig, and more accurately locate the plane and elevation coordinates of the drill bit. The depth data can accurately record and display the drilling depth of the drill bit. Combined with the ground elevation data and drilling depth information of the drill bit, the real-time elevation information of the drill bit in the hole is calculated and displayed intuitively to the drill rig driver.

[0018] The functions of the vehicle-mounted controller are mainly divided into three categories: the first is to pre-process the data of the inclination and depth sensors, extract and process the key data required for the realization of system functions, and then transmit them to the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal for operation display; the second is to gather the sensor wiring harnesses to avoid too many wiring harnesses being connected to the cab to appear messy; the third is to reserve access points for sensors required for other functions, and reserve space interfaces for subsequent function expansion.

[0019] The GNSS satellite antenna mainly receives satellite positioning data from the sky and transmits it to the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal. The vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal then calculates the three-dimensional coordinate data of the installation position on the top of the drill rod, and combines the inclination data of the drill rack, the drilling depth data of the depth sensor, and the mechanical hardware parameter indicators to infer the real-time plane and elevation coordinates of the drill head's location.

[0020] The remote information platform is used to receive various types of drilling rig construction data (hole coordinates, drilling depth, drilling speed, etc.) collected and stored in the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, analyze and process the construction process data, and display and apply them in categories to achieve the export of drilling distribution maps, statistics and export of mechanical operations in any time period, and precise control and information management of the operation construction process to improve operation efficiency. At the same time, the process and result data generated during the drilling operation are automatically archived and saved to provide basic data support for subsequent data value mining.

[0021] During drilling operations, the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal first receives the differential positioning data sent by the base station, the satellite positioning data sent by the GNSS satellite antenna, and the depth data and tilt data pre-processed by the vehicle-mounted controller. Then, its professional positioning guidance software solves the centimeter-level positioning coordinates of the drilling position, and after fusing the depth data and tilt data, it calculates the real-time plane and elevation coordinates of the drill bit position to achieve layout positioning; key position information, drill frame tilt information, ground elevation information, drill bit drilling elevation, and drilling depth information during the drilling rig construction process will also be intuitively displayed on the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal. The drilling rig driver can accurately drill according to the displayed data to ensure that the drilling position, inclination, and depth accuracy meet the design requirements; The above-mentioned various types of perception sensors do not operate independently, but are integrated and complemented by the fusion algorithm in the professional positioning guidance software, so the drilling accuracy can reach: the drilling position and drilling depth can reach the centimeter level, and the inclination can reach 0.01°.

[0022] (5) Check the drilling quality: After the drilling is completed, check whether the depth, diameter and inclination of the drilling meet the design requirements, and rectify the drilling that does not meet the requirements; (6) Charging and blasting: Select appropriate explosives for charging. When charging, design the length of the explosive string and the charge roll according to the depth, diameter and degree of pre-splitting blasting of the borehole. Cut a mesh sleeve 1-1.5m longer than the depth of the borehole (use existing plastic nylon PE mesh sleeves such as Figure 7 The mesh and detonating cord are stacked together, and then the powder rolls are bundled on the mesh and detonating cord at intervals. After the bundling of the powder rolls is completed, a powder string can be obtained; the powder string is placed in the drill hole, and the excess mesh and detonating cord are bundled with a sack filled with rock chips, and the detonating cord can be ignited for blasting.

[0023] The distance between the charge rolls on the same charge string needs to be calculated and determined based on the charge density, borehole depth, etc. Generally, the length of the charge roll of an emulsion explosive with a charge roll diameter of 32 mm is 300-350 mm; the length of the charge roll of an emulsion explosive with a charge roll diameter of 90 mm is 450-480 mm. In addition, each charge string usually includes a reinforced charge section, a normal charge section, and a weakened charge section. For specific charge examples, see Figure 6 .

[0024] Furthermore, the above-mentioned medicine string is generally divided into 15-20 sections, or 20-30 sections; self-locking nylon tie bands are used when bundling the medicine rolls, which can ensure the firmness of the bundling and can greatly increase the bundling speed.

[0025] Furthermore, for holes of the same size, the same drug string needs to be produced. In this case, a drug string template can be designed and produced first, such as Figure 5As shown, the same length of net sleeve and detonating cord are cut according to the template of the string of explosives, and the same amount of explosive rolls are tied at the same position of the net sleeve and detonating cord from bottom to top to complete the production of the string of explosives. This can ensure the consistency of the string of explosives and has high production efficiency.

[0026] The present invention uses the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system to perform drilling operations during the pre-splitting blasting process. Based on the Beidou high-precision positioning advantage and sensor-assisted data acquisition, it can integrate and process positioning data, tilt data and depth data in real time, thereby determining and displaying key information such as the drilling position, drill frame inclination, ground elevation, drill bit drilling elevation, and drilling depth during the drilling process, providing intuitive construction guidance information for the drill driver, implementing precise drilling, and ensuring the accuracy of the drilling operation. Moreover, these data can also be monitored and adjusted in real time during the drilling operation, so that all boreholes meet the design requirements, laying a good foundation for common bottom blasting. In addition, the use of mesh sleeves and self-locking nylon cable ties for the production of explosive strings has the characteristics of convenient raw material acquisition and storage, high efficiency of charging and entering holes, simple operation, and fewer operators. It can effectively improve charging efficiency and reduce charging costs, and solve the problems of large preparation workload for bundling auxiliary materials for blasting charges, low efficiency of entering holes, and many operators.

[0027] The present invention is described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accurate drilling and rapid charging of pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Design drilling parameters: Design the location, depth, diameter and spacing of the drilling holes according to the geological survey of the ore layer; (2) Cleaning the working surface: Before drilling, clean and level the working surface to be drilled; (3) Drilling hole layout: Drilling hole layout according to the drilling design parameters; (4) Drilling operation: Drilling is performed using a drilling rig equipped with a Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system on-board mobile terminal; the Beidou intelligent rock drilling guidance system includes a base station, a vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, a sensor data acquisition system, a vehicle-mounted controller, a GNSS satellite antenna and a remote information platform; during drilling operations, the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal first receives the differential positioning data sent by the base station, the satellite positioning data sent by the GNSS satellite antenna, and the depth data and inclination data pre-processed by the vehicle-mounted controller, and then uses its onboard professional positioning guidance software to calculate the centimeter-level positioning coordinates of the drilling position. At the same time, after fusing the depth data and inclination data, the real-time plane and elevation coordinates of the drill bit position are calculated to achieve layout positioning; key position information, drill frame inclination information, ground elevation information, drill bit drilling elevation, and drilling depth information during the drilling rig construction process will also be intuitively displayed on the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, and the drilling rig driver can accurately drill according to the displayed data to ensure that the drilling position, inclination, and depth accuracy meet the design requirements; (5) Check the drilling quality: After the drilling is completed, check whether the depth, diameter and inclination of the drilling meet the design requirements, and rectify the drilling that does not meet the requirements; (6) Charging and blasting: Select appropriate explosives for charging. When charging, design the length of the charge string and charge roll according to the depth, diameter and degree of pre-splitting blasting of the borehole. Cut a mesh and detonating cord that is 1-1.5m longer than the depth of the borehole, and stack the mesh and detonating cord together. Then, bundle the charge rolls onto the mesh and detonating cord at intervals. Once the charge rolls are bundled, a charge string is obtained. Place the charge string into the borehole, and bundle the excess mesh and detonating cord with a sack filled with rock chips. Then, ignite the detonating cord for blasting.

2. According to claim 1, a method for accurate drilling and rapid charging of pre-splitting blasting in an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The base station in step (4) is used to broadcast differential positioning data, which is used to provide accurate correction data to the vehicle-mounted satellite positioning device, thereby reducing or eliminating the error source in the satellite positioning process, so that the plane and elevation positioning of the vehicle-mounted positioning device can reach the centimeter level, ensuring the accuracy of the plane and elevation positioning of the drilling rig; The vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal mainly relies on processors, professional positioning guidance software, and display screens to carry out fusion processing of various sensor perception data, and to provide dynamic and intuitive guidance and display of construction indicators, which is equivalent to the brain and interactive terminal of this system; The sensor data acquisition system mainly includes an inclination sensor and a depth sensor, wherein the inclination sensor is used to collect the inclination data of the drill frame, and the depth sensor is used to collect the drilling progress of the drill rod; The vehicle-mounted controller is used to pre-process the data collected by the tilt sensor and the depth sensor; The GNSS satellite antenna is used to receive satellite positioning data in the sky and transmit it to the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal; The remote information platform is used to receive various types of drilling rig construction data collected and stored in the vehicle-mounted high-precision integrated display terminal, and analyze, process, display and apply the data.

3. The method of pre-splitting blasting for accurate drilling and rapid charging in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) For drill holes of the same size, the same explosive string needs to be produced. In this case, a template for the explosive string can be made first, and then the mesh and detonating cord of the same length are cut according to the template, and the explosive rolls with the same amount of explosives are bundled at the same position of the mesh and detonating cord from bottom to top to complete the production of the explosive string.

4. The method of pre-splitting blasting for accurate drilling and rapid charging in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh sleeve in step (5) is a plastic nylon PE mesh sleeve.

5. The method of pre-splitting blasting for accurate drilling and rapid charging in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), self-locking nylon cable ties are used to bundle the medicine rolls.

6. The method of pre-splitting blasting for accurate drilling and rapid charging in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), a medicine string is divided into 15-20 sections, or 20-30 sections.

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