Coupler coaxiality calibration and adjustment method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coupler correction, and discloses a coupler coaxiality calibration and adjustment method which comprises the steps of data acquisition, data processing and the like. A laser tracker is used for collecting data of a related shaft structure of a coupler and fitting the data to obtain a center line of the shaft structure, then a plurality of center points are defined on the shaft structure, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established, and the laser tracker is used for collecting data of the shaft structure and fitting the data in the three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate system; according to the method, the deviation condition of the vertical horizontal height of the shaft structure and the deviation condition of horizontal misalignment in the pitching direction can be visually obtained, then accurate adjustment can be conducted in a targeted mode, and the calibration progress and the adjustment efficiency are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coupling correction, and in particular to a coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method. Background Art

[0002] A coupling is a mechanical component that is mainly used to connect two shafts or a shaft and a rotating part so that they rotate together and transmit torque. Its function is to transmit motion and power. Common couplings include: rigid couplings, elastic couplings, universal couplings, gear couplings, magnetic couplings, etc.

[0003] Among them, rigid couplings have higher requirements for coaxiality. Among the coupling shaft connection problems, shaft misalignment is one of the important causes of equipment problems. Vibration detection technology can be used to discover the misalignment characteristics of equipment vibration, so the nature of the connection problem of the transmission shaft can be easily determined.

[0004] When the coupling shaft is misaligned, it is necessary to adjust the coupling to ensure its coaxiality. The existing adjustment method is to adjust it manually, and then use equipment to detect whether there is a misalignment problem, and repeat this process. The adjustment process is cumbersome, the adjustment efficiency is low, the adjustment labor intensity is extremely high, and the adjustment accuracy is not high. The manual operation error is large.

[0005] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present invention is that the existing coupling misalignment adjustment operation process is complicated, the adjustment efficiency is low, and the precision is not high.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Set up the laser tracker at the target location;

[0010] Step 2: Calibrate the laser tracker;

[0011] Step 3: Data Collection

[0012] Use the target ball to collect several coordinate data points on the shaft surface of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat, and complete the data collection of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat;

[0013] Step 4: Data Processing

[0014] Step 41: according to the collected data, a cylindrical image is fitted and a center line corresponding to the cylinder is obtained by fitting. In the fitted image, the center point of the shaft end face of the reducer shaft is defined as center point 1, the center point of the shaft end face of the transmission side bearing seat shaft is defined as center point 2, the center point of the seat hole of the transmission side bearing seat is defined as center point 3, and the center point of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat is defined as center point 4;

[0015] Step 42: Establish a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, wherein the center point 3 is used as the origin, the line connecting the center point 1 and the center point 4 is used as the x-axis, the axis perpendicular to the x-axis in a plane passing through the x-axis and parallel to the horizontal plane is used as the y-axis, and a straight line passing through the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis and perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the earth is used as the z-axis;

[0016] Step 43: Analysis and adjustment of vertical and horizontal misalignment

[0017] Obtain the distance L1 from the center point 2 to the center point 3 and the distance L2 from the center point 3 to the center point 4 on the vertical projection plane, obtain the vertical height H1 from the center point 4 of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat to the center line of the reducer shaft, the vertical height H2 from the center point 2 to the center line of the reducer shaft, and the height L from the center line of the reducer shaft to the horizontal plane of the earth, according to Determine whether Z is equal to 0. When Z is not equal to 0, add or subtract shims above and below the transmission side bearing seat according to the value of Z to adjust the vertical height of the two center lines until Z is equal to 0;

[0018] Step 44: Analysis and adjustment of the degree of parallel misalignment in the downward direction

[0019] Obtain the distance L1 from the center point to the third center point, the distance L2 from the third center point to the fourth center point, the top deviation S1 from the center point of the operating side bearing seat to the center line of the reducer shaft, and the coupling radius r on the top projection surface. Determine whether X is equal to 0. When X is not equal to 0, adjust the transmission side bearing seat shaft according to the value of X until X is equal to 0.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the target position may be located between two opposite end surfaces of the two shaft bodies.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the laser tracker is assumed to be on a fixed platform.

[0022] In one solution of the present invention: during the detection process, it is ensured that there is no severe vibration within a specified range.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the designated range is a range of 200 meters in diameter.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least 40 data points are collected on the shaft surface of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, before generating the cylindrical image in step 41, data points in the measurement results whose deviation exceeds a threshold are eliminated.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for calibrating the laser tracker includes: appearance and working normality inspection, length measurement indication error calibration, measurement indication error calibration of absolute distance meter ADM, base point position error calibration, temperature and air pressure sensor indication error calibration, dual-axis calibration and optical path alignment adjustment.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] The present application utilizes a laser tracker to collect data on the shaft structure related to the coupling and performs fitting, obtains the center line of the shaft structure, and then defines multiple center points on the shaft structure and establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system. By utilizing a laser tracker to collect shaft structure data and perform fitting in the three-dimensional coordinate system, the deviation of the vertical height and the horizontal misalignment of the shaft structure can be intuitively obtained, and then targeted and precise adjustments can be performed, effectively ensuring the calibration progress and adjustment efficiency.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a principle schematic diagram of a coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of vertical and horizontal centering correction adjustment in a coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the downward parallel centering correction adjustment in a coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method of the present invention.

[0034] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0035] 1. Center point one; 2. Center point two; 3. Center point three; 4. Center point four; 5. Dimension one; 6. Dimension two; 7. Dimension three; 8. Dimension four; 9. Dimension five; 10. Dimension six; 11. Center line of reducer shaft; 12. Center line of transmission side bearing seat shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0039] See also Figure 1-3 The present invention is a coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Set up the laser tracker and set it at the target position. The target position can be between the two opposite end faces of two shafts, which are the shaft of the reducer shaft and the shaft of the transmission side bearing seat respectively. The setting site is required to be a fixed platform, that is, the laser tracker needs to be set on a fixed platform to ensure the stability of the equipment and the detection accuracy during use, and ensure that there is no heavy transportation vehicle driving nearby (for example, within 200 meters) during the detection and adjustment process to avoid errors caused by ground vibration affecting the final results; the heavy transportation vehicle can include heavy trucks (such as semi-trailers, full trailers), flatbed trailers, low-bed trailers, dump trucks, tank trucks, cranes (such as mobile cranes, tower cranes and crawler cranes, etc.), railway freight trains, etc. or other special transportation vehicles.

[0041] Step 2: Calibrate the laser tracker; ensure the calibration accuracy of the laser tracker and the reliability of the measurement results.

[0042] The method of calibrating the laser tracker can include the following steps:

[0043] Appearance and working normality inspection:

[0044] Visually inspect the appearance of the laser tracker. The laser tracker's single start-up warm-up time is measured by a clock. After the laser tracker is started and warmed up for 1 hour, use a laser power meter to measure the power of the laser tracker. During the measurement, the distance between the power meter and the tracker should not exceed 200mm, and the maximum value is taken as the measurement result.

[0045] Length measurement indication error calibration:

[0046] Use a Φ38.1mm hollow corner reflector to correct the base distance of the tracker. Use a laser interferometer standard device as a standard to calibrate the indication error of length measurement. The maximum length during calibration is not less than 10m (the recommended maximum length for the first calibration is not less than 66% of the measurement range), and the measurement length interval is recommended to be about 1m.

[0047] Calibration of measurement indication error of absolute distance measuring instrument ADM:

[0048] Use a Φ38.1mm hollow corner cone reflector. After configuring the target reflector, the base distance of the tracker must be corrected. Use the tracker's built-in laser interferometer (calibrated) or a laser interferometer standard device to calibrate the indication error of the ADM. When measuring, measure the first point at a distance greater than 3m, and then measure a target point every approximately 4m. The farthest point should be 20m away. Calculate the distance measurement difference between the built-in laser interferometer (IFM) and the ADM, and take the maximum difference between the ADM and the IFM as the measurement result.

[0049] Base point position error calibration:

[0050] Place the target reflector at the home point, select static measurement in the point sampling mode, and rotate the reflective surface of the target reflector within the effective reflector receiving angle range. Each time it rotates, measure the coordinate value of the current reflector at the home point position, and take 8 to 10 measurement points. The average position deviation of all measurement points, that is, the average value of the distance between each position and the average position, is taken as the measurement result.

[0051] Calibration of indication error of temperature and air pressure sensors:

[0052] Use standard thermometers, standard barometers, etc. to calibrate the indication errors of temperature and pressure sensors.

[0053] Dual-axis calibration:

[0054] The horizontal axis calibrates the tracker's horizontal angle and the built-in interferometer and rangefinder, and the vertical axis calibrates the tracker's pitch angle.

[0055] Optical path collimation adjustment:

[0056] Use a height gauge to measure the position of the laser interferometer's light outlet, the steering mirror, the interferometer, and the reflector's corner cone. Adjust the thread gap of the corresponding mirror seat or connector to make the four equal in height. Place the magnetic target used for optical path adjustment at the light inlet of the steering mirror, adjust the pitch of the interferometer so that the incident light is completely incident on the circular hole of the target, and completely fix the interferometer laser head after the adjustment is completed. Replace the magnetic target to the light inlet of the interferometer, fine-tune the left and right position and pitch angle of the steering mirror seat so that the incident light is completely incident on the circular hole of the target, and completely fix the steering mirror after the adjustment is completed. Replace the magnetic target to the light outlet of the interferometer, and slide the sliding table with the reflective corner cone prism to the end away from the interferometer, fine-tune the left and right position and pitch angle of the interferometer seat so that the light reflected back from the reflective corner cone prism is incident on the circular hole of the target, and completely fix the interferometer after the adjustment is completed.

[0057] Step 3: Data collection, use a target ball to collect multiple data points at 90 degrees on the shaft surface of the reducer shaft to complete the data collection of the reducer shaft; then use the same method to collect multiple data points at 90 degrees on the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat to complete the data collection of the transmission side bearing seat shaft; during the data collection process, the number of data points collected on the shaft surfaces of the two shafts can be set as needed. As an example, 40 points are measured on the two shafts respectively, and the measurement points in each section are selected in a dispersed manner to increase the reliability of the measurement.

[0058] Step 4:

[0059] Step 41: Data processing fits the image and establishes a coordinate system. A cylindrical image is generated based on the collected two-axis data. In order to ensure data reliability, points with large deviations in the measurement results can be eliminated before generating the cylindrical image. In the fitted image, the center point of the shaft end face of the reducer shaft is defined as center point 1, the center point of the shaft end face of the transmission side bearing seat shaft is defined as center point 2, the center point of the seat hole of the transmission side bearing seat is defined as center point 3, and the center point of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat is defined as center point 4. Then a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established, in which the center point of the seat hole of the transmission side bearing seat (i.e., center point 3) is used as the origin, the line connecting center point 1 and center point 4 is used as the x-axis, the axis perpendicular to the x-axis in the geoid (a plane passing through the x-axis and parallel to the horizontal plane) is used as the y-axis, and a straight line passing through the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis and perpendicular to the geoid is used as the z-axis.

[0060] According to the coordinates of the two axes (cylindrical images), the center lines corresponding to the reducer shaft and the transmission side bearing seat shaft are fitted, which are the reducer shaft center line 11 and the transmission side bearing seat shaft center line 12 respectively. The vertical misalignment degree of the reducer shaft center line 11 and the transmission side bearing seat shaft center line 12 (the degree of difference in the horizontal direction of the projections of the two center lines in a vertical plane) is calculated by using the data obtained by laser tracker detection. The laser tracker is used to detect and obtain the relevant data of the two axes and respectively measure the distance L1 from the center point 22 to the center point 33 (i.e., dimension 5), and the distance L2 from the center point 33 to the center point 44 (i.e., dimension 6). The laser tracker is used to respectively measure the vertical height H1 from the center point 44 of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat to the reducer shaft center line 11 (i.e., dimension 7), the vertical height H2 from the center point 22 to the reducer shaft center line 11 (the corrected center line position, or understood as the x-axis) (i.e., dimension 48), and the height L from the reducer shaft center line 11 to the earth's horizontal plane (i.e., dimension 59). If the vertical heights of the two center lines are inconsistent, that is, If Z is not equal to 0, add or subtract shims on the transmission side bearing seat to adjust the vertical height of the two center lines until Z is equal to 0. At this time, the projections of the two center lines on the vertical plane are highly consistent in the horizontal direction, that is, the horizontal heights of the two axes are consistent.

[0061] After adjusting the horizontal height of the two axes, the parallel misalignment degree of the reducer shaft center line 11 and the transmission side bearing seat shaft center line 12 is detected and adjusted based on the laser tracker, that is, by projecting the simulated center lines of the two axes onto a plane (such as a horizontal plane) in a downward direction, and then detecting the degree of non-parallelism of the two projection lines. If the two projections are parallel, the two axes are parallel. The laser tracker is used to measure the distance L1 (i.e., dimension 15) from the center point 2 to the center point 33, and the distance L2 (i.e., dimension 26) from the center point 33 to the center point 44, respectively. The laser tracker is used to measure the vertical deviation value S1 (dimension 610) from the center point 44 of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat to the reducer shaft center line 11, and the coupling radius r. If the two center lines are not parallel in an upward direction, that is, is not equal to 0, at this time, adjust the transmission side bearing seat shaft until X is equal to 0.

[0062] Furthermore, during the adjustment process of the vertical horizontal misalignment and the pitch parallel misalignment of the two axes, before the adjustment, the measuring ball is first placed at the origin (i.e., center point 3) as a reference point, and the position coordinates are continuously measured during the adjustment process until they meet the adjustment requirements.

[0063] Working principle of the present invention:

[0064] The present invention utilizes a laser tracker to collect data, and then fits to form a cylindrical image representing the two shaft bodies, and fits the center lines of the corresponding shafts. By processing and fitting the data, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established, and the center line deviation values ​​of the two center lines in the vertical direction and in the vertical direction are calculated and adjusted respectively. The coaxiality of the bearing seat is adjusted based on the center line deviation values. The coaxiality measurement method provided by the present method can effectively improve the operating accuracy and efficiency of the two shafts for correcting vertical horizontal misalignment and vertical parallel misalignment.

[0065] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Set up the laser tracker at the target location; Step 2: Calibrate the laser tracker; Step 3: Data Collection Use the target ball to collect several coordinate data points on the shaft surface of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat, and complete the data collection of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat; Step 4: Data Processing Step 41: according to the collected data, a cylindrical image is fitted and a center line corresponding to the cylinder is obtained by fitting. In the fitted image, the center point of the shaft end face of the reducer shaft is defined as center point 1, the center point of the shaft end face of the transmission side bearing seat shaft is defined as center point 2, the center point of the seat hole of the transmission side bearing seat is defined as center point 3, and the center point of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat is defined as center point 4; Step 42: Establish a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, wherein the center point 3 is used as the origin, the line connecting the center point 1 and the center point 4 is used as the x-axis, the axis perpendicular to the x-axis in a plane passing through the x-axis and parallel to the horizontal plane is used as the y-axis, and a straight line passing through the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis and perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the earth is used as the z-axis; Step 43: Analysis and adjustment of vertical and horizontal misalignment Obtain the distance L1 from the center point 2 to the center point 3 and the distance L2 from the center point 3 to the center point 4 on the vertical projection plane, obtain the vertical height H1 from the center point 4 of the seat hole of the operating side bearing seat to the center line of the reducer shaft, the vertical height H2 from the center point 2 to the center line of the reducer shaft, and the height L from the center line of the reducer shaft to the horizontal plane of the earth, according to Determine whether Z is equal to 0. When Z is not equal to 0, add or subtract shims above and below the transmission side bearing seat according to the value of Z to adjust the vertical height of the two center lines until Z is equal to 0; Step 44: Analysis and adjustment of the degree of parallel misalignment in the downward direction Obtain the distance L1 from the center point to the third center point, the distance L2 from the third center point to the fourth center point, the top deviation S1 from the center point of the operating side bearing seat to the center line of the reducer shaft, and the coupling radius r on the top projection surface. Determine whether X is equal to 0. When X is not equal to 0, adjust the transmission side bearing seat shaft according to the value of X until X is equal to 0.

2. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target position is between the two opposite end faces of the two shaft bodies.

3. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser tracker is assumed to be on a fixed platform.

4. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the testing process of step 3 and step 4, ensure that there is no severe vibration within the specified range.

5. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The designated range is 200 meters in diameter.

6. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of data points collected on the shaft surface of the reducer shaft and the shaft surface of the transmission side bearing seat is at least 40.

7. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before generating the cylindrical image in step 41, data points in the measurement results whose deviation exceeds a threshold are eliminated.

8. A coupling coaxiality calibration and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of calibrating the laser tracker includes: appearance and working normality inspection, length measurement indication error calibration, absolute distance measuring instrument ADM measurement indication error calibration, base point position error calibration, temperature and air pressure sensor indication error calibration, dual-axis calibration and optical path alignment adjustment.

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