Hydropower station river sediment monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of river monitoring, and particularly relates to a hydropower station river sediment monitoring device and monitoring method.The hydropower station river sediment monitoring device comprises a fixing frame, a moving mechanism, a monitoring mechanism and a protective net; the fixing frame is located above a river. The monitoring mechanism is used for monitoring river information, and the monitoring mechanism is matched with the fixing frame; the moving mechanism is used for moving the monitoring mechanism; the protective net is matched with the monitoring mechanism; the rotating mechanism is used for rotating the protective net, and the rotating mechanism is matched with the moving mechanism. According to the scheme, the problem that garbage adheres to the protective net is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of river monitoring, and in particular relates to a river sediment monitoring device and a monitoring method for a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] Among river hydrological monitoring data, sediment content is an important monitoring data. By analyzing river sediment content data, we can obtain important information about climate and environment, such as flood season, rainfall intensity, vegetation coverage and soil erosion. Based on the above, sediment content monitoring and data processing is a basic hydrological monitoring and reporting project.

[0003] At present, there is an automatic monitoring device for river sediment content with the existing announcement number CN110763603A, which can solve the technical problems in the prior art of measuring sediment content, such as high labor intensity, primitive equipment, backward technology, high risk, and inability to obtain real-time sediment content data. The release device can be installed in a preset position, and its output end is integrated with a piezoelectric monitoring component for obtaining the dynamic water pressure at a certain point in the river, a flow rate monitoring component for obtaining the flow rate at a certain point in the river, and a water temperature monitoring component for obtaining the water temperature at a certain point in the river; in addition, the water depth monitoring component is used to obtain the water depth at a certain point in the river, and the dynamic water pressure, flow rate, water depth and water flow temperature obtained in real time are formed into first data through the data processing unit, and the first data is calculated through the processing terminal to obtain the numerical value of the sediment content in the river. The present invention can monitor the sediment content in real time, with a high degree of automation, and is a major innovation in the means and technology for monitoring the suspended sediment content in rivers.

[0004] An unmanned ship-mounted river suspended sediment testing device and its testing method with announcement number CN115655364B include: an unmanned ship body, a first horizontal board, a second horizontal board, an electric push rod, a photoelectric sand measuring instrument, a water quality sensor, and a camera; the testing method includes: S1, preparation; S2, water quality detection; S3, sand content detection; S4, underwater shooting. The present invention is provided with a sealing protection structure, which can protect the detection equipment when the device is idle, ensuring the safety and stability of the detection equipment; it can replace manual synchronous detection of sand content, water quality detection and water condition survey in designated waters, and can detect data at different positions and depths through the control structure, and can obtain multiple groups of detection data in a short time, which is more efficient than manual detection and the detection structure is more convincing; it has a simple structure, convenient operation, wide application, strong practicality, and can be widely used in a variety of water detection fields.

[0005] But there is also a problem: plastic and other items are easily adhered to the protective net, and long-term accumulation will cause the protective net to be blocked, making it impossible for monitoring agencies to monitor accurately. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a river sediment monitoring device for a hydropower station, which is used to solve the problem of garbage adhering to a protective net.

[0007] This solution provides a river sediment monitoring device for a hydropower station, a fixed frame: the fixed frame is located above the river; Monitoring mechanism: used to monitor river information, the monitoring mechanism cooperates with the fixed frame; Mobile mechanism: used for mobile monitoring mechanism; Protection net: the protection net cooperates with the monitoring mechanism; Also includes: Rotating mechanism: used for rotating the protective net, the rotating mechanism cooperates with the moving mechanism.

[0008] The principle of this scheme is to fix the fixed frame on the bank of a set river, then place the monitoring mechanism in the river, calculate the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by sampling through the monitoring mechanism, and deduce the final sediment content data.

[0009] When the monitoring mechanism detects unstable data, the data collection and analysis mechanism stops collecting data, and the moving mechanism controls the monitoring mechanism to move, and continues to collect data after reaching the set position. During the movement, the rotating mechanism starts to rotate the protective net, and the adherents on the surface of the protective net are thrown off by centrifugal force.

[0010] The beneficial effect of this solution is that it starts when the monitoring mechanism moves, causing the protective net to rotate and using centrifugal force to remove surface adhesions. At this time, the monitoring mechanism does not collect data, and the rotation of the protective net at this time will not affect the monitoring mechanism. At the same time, the cleanliness of the protective net is improved, the impact of impurities on the sensor is reduced, and the accuracy of the monitoring data is ensured. The service life of the equipment is extended, and the overall reliability of the system is improved.

[0011] Furthermore, the moving mechanism includes: a guide rail, a moving plate, a first hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump and a placement rod, the guide rail is fixedly connected to the fixed frame, and the moving plate is slidably connected to the guide rail; one end of the placement rod is fixedly connected to the moving plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the monitoring mechanism, the long rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the moving plate, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed frame, the hydraulic pump is connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pump is electrically connected to the monitoring mechanism.

[0012] Fix the fixed frame on the bank of the set river, and then place the monitoring mechanism in the river through the placement rod. The flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature are recorded by the monitoring mechanism. The preset sediment content derivation model obtained by previous sampling is used for calculation to deduce the final sediment content data.

[0013] When unstable data from the water level meter and flow meter are detected, the monitoring mechanism stops collecting data and controls the first hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder pushes the movable plate to move, causing the placement rod to move, and the placement rod drives the monitoring mechanism to move horizontally, and continues to collect data after reaching the set position.

[0014] In this solution, when the water level meter and the flow meter have large data changes, it may be an accidental situation, such as the vigorous growth of algae at that location, which blocks the water flow at that location or the influence of turbulence on the flow velocity at a local location. At this time, the monitoring mechanism can be moved horizontally and then tested again to rule out whether it is an accidental situation. This solution improves the accuracy of the data. The horizontal movement of the monitoring mechanism can better reflect the influence of these terrain features on the water flow. This solution is propelled by the first hydraulic cylinder, which has the characteristics of strong and stable force and can well resist the resistance of water.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a rack, a gear and a connecting rod, the rack is fixedly connected to the fixed frame, the gear is coaxially rotatably connected to the placement rod, the gear is meshed with the rack, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the gear, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylindrical protective net.

[0016] When the moving plate moves, the rack will move relative to the gear, and the movement of the rack will drive the gear to rotate. The rotation of the gear will drive the cylindrical protective net to rotate through the connecting rod. The rotation of the cylindrical protective net will make most of the cylindrical protective net contact with the cleaning mechanism for cleaning. This mechanism makes the protective net cleaning more comprehensive.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a cleaning mechanism, which includes a cleaning unit and a second hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable plate, the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic pump, the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder cooperates with the cleaning unit, and the cleaning unit cooperates with the protective net.

[0018] When the monitoring mechanism is working, the cleaning unit is located above the river. When the monitoring mechanism stops collecting data, the data collection and analysis mechanism controls the second hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the cleaning unit moves down, enters the river, and then reaches the protective net for cleaning. When the data collection and analysis mechanism is working, the data collection and analysis mechanism controls the second hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the cleaning unit moves up and returns to the initial position. This mechanism can clean the protective net and increase the service life of the protective net.

[0019] Furthermore, the cleaning unit includes an L-shaped block, a conveyor belt and a cleaning hook. The conveyor belt includes a belt and a roller. The roller is rollingly connected to the belt, the belt is fixedly connected to the cleaning hook, the cleaning hook cooperates with the cylindrical protective net, one end of the L-shaped block cooperates with the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, and the other end is rotatably connected to the roller.

[0020] When unstable data is detected, the monitoring mechanism stops collecting data, and the monitoring mechanism controls the first hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder pushes the moving plate to move, so that the placement rod moves. The movement of the placement rod drives the cylindrical protective net to rotate, and the loosely adhered objects on the cylindrical protective net are thrown off. There are still some firmly adhered plastic bags left. When the cleaning mechanism moves down to the set position, the cleaning hook on the belt keeps a certain distance from the protective net, so that the cleaning hook can hook the plastic bag. At this time, as the protective net rotates, the cleaning hook will also catch the impurities on the protective net, and then when it turns to a certain angle, the plastic bag will be pulled down or broken. When pulling the plastic bag, the cleaning hook will be stressed, causing the belt to rotate, so that the cleaning hooks in other parts can also clean the cylindrical protective net. This mechanism increases the use area of ​​the cleaning hook and improves the service life of the cleaning mechanism.

[0021] Furthermore, the protective net is a cylindrical protective net, which wraps the detection mechanism and is fixedly connected to the placement rod. The cylindrical protective net can make most of the area cleaned by the L-shaped block, thereby increasing the cleaning area.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a disc, which is an inclined disc, fixedly connected to the connecting rod, the middle end of the L-shaped block is hinged to the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, and the L-shaped block matches the disc.

[0023] When the cleaning hook is in too tight contact with the protective net, the belt and the cleaning hook will rotate synchronously, which will not achieve a cleaning effect, but can make the belt rotate. When the cleaning mechanism of this mechanism descends to the set position, one end of the L-shaped block will reach the lower position of the inclined disc. At this time, the L-shaped block remains vertical under the action of gravity, and the L-shaped block maintains a set distance from the protective net.

[0024] The inclined disc is a sloping cylinder with an inclined angle at the top relative to the bottom. The inclined disc will cause the L-shaped block to appear in two states. One is the clamping state: when the protective net rotates, the disc rotates, and the L-shaped block gradually rotates under the action of the inclined disc. The L-shaped block comes to the high range, so that the lower end of the L-shaped block is close to the cylindrical protective net, so that the cleaning hook can clean up the plastic bags that were torn off before at a closer distance.

[0025] One is the vertical state: when the disc continues to rotate, the L-shaped block comes to the low range, the cleaning hook keeps a certain distance from the protective net, and the cleaning hook cleans the large plastic bags on the protective net.

[0026] The high range of this mechanism is that the L-shaped block comes to the upper range of the inclined top cylinder, and the L-shaped block is in a clamping state in the high range. The low range is that the L-shaped block comes to the lower range of the inclined top cylinder, and the L-shaped block is in a vertical state in the high range.

[0027] The cooperation of the L-shaped block and the inclined disc realizes the function of maintaining a set distance for a period of time and cleaning the large plastic of the protective net through the cleaning hook. It also clamps and cleans the torn small plastic bags for a period of time.

[0028] If the L-shaped block is too close to the cylindrical protective net at the beginning, it is easy to be stuck by the plastic bag when moving down, causing damage to the motor. When the protective net rotates, it is less likely to get stuck if it moves away from and close to the protective net intermittently than if it is always close to the protective net.

[0029] Furthermore, a return torque spring is provided at the hinged position between the middle end of the L-shaped block and the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. The return torque spring can maintain a normal vertical state, thereby improving the stability of the L-shaped plate rotation.

[0030] The monitoring mechanism comprises a data collection and analysis mechanism (2), a flow meter (13), a temperature sensor and a water level meter, wherein the data collection and analysis mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to a fixed frame (1); the flow meter (13) is located in a river, and the flow meter (13) is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2); the temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the flow meter (13), and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2); the water level meter is fixedly connected to the flow meter (13), and the water level meter is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2).

[0031] The flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature are recorded by the data collection and analysis agency, and then the final sediment content data is calculated through the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by previous sampling. Cs= f(Q,S,T, other parameters), (Q): flow rate (m' / s); (S): average flow velocity of the cross section (m / s); (T): temperature (°C); (f): Complex functional relationships, which may include polynomial, exponential or logarithmic forms; this formula is combined with C s = k·|u] a ; (Cs): suspended sediment concentration (mg / L); (u): water flow velocity (m / s); k, a: empirical coefficients, depending on the specific river conditions and sand characteristics. Get more accurate sediment content data. This agency can get more accurate sediment content data.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring river sediment in a hydropower station, comprising the following steps: Step S10: sampling water in the river, and then performing experimental drying analysis to obtain a preset sand content; Step S20: fix the fixing frame on the bank of the set river, and then place the current meter, water level meter, water pressure monitor and temperature sensor in the river through the placement rod; Step S30: Record the flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature through the data collection and analysis mechanism, and calculate the final sediment content data through the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by previous sampling; Step S40: When unstable data is detected, the data collection and analysis mechanism stops collecting data, and then controls the first hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the flow meter moves to the set river position. At the same time, the data collection and analysis mechanism controls the cleaning mechanism to start, clean the protective net, and continue data collection after reaching the position.

[0033] The hydropower station river sediment monitoring method can realize real-time online monitoring of water pressure information and water temperature information, and obtain the final sediment content data through a processor. It not only has high measurement accuracy, but also has a simple structure, is easy to use and has low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a river sediment monitoring device for a hydropower station. Figure 2 This is a state diagram of a river sediment monitoring device in a hydropower station when collecting data. Figure 3 This is a status diagram of a river sediment monitoring device in a hydropower station during cleaning.

[0035] The figure marks in the specification include: 1. fixed frame; 2. data collection and analysis mechanism; 3. first hydraulic cylinder; 4. moving plate; 5. guide rail; 6. second hydraulic cylinder; 7. rack; 8. gear; 9. L-shaped block; 10. conveyor belt; 11. connecting rod; 12. disc; 13. flow meter; 14. cylindrical protection net; 15. cleaning hook; 16. push rod; 17. roller; 18. belt; 19. placement rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Basically as attached Figure 1 As shown: This solution provides a river sediment monitoring device for a hydropower station, including a fixed frame 1, the fixed frame 1 is fixed on the river bank, the data collection and analysis mechanism 2 is an existing central control system, which has the function of collecting information for processing and controlling and adjusting other motors, and the data collection and analysis mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 1. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 6 are both connected to the hydraulic pump, and the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 6 are both powered by the hydraulic pump.

[0037] The telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the moving plate 4, the guide rail 5 is fixed to the right side of the fixed frame 1, the moving plate 4 is located above the guide rail 5, and the moving plate 4 is slidably connected to the guide rail 5. A placement rod 19 is fixed at the center below the moving plate 4, and a current meter 13, a temperature sensor and a water level meter are arranged at the lower end of the placement rod 19. The length of the placement rod 19 can be set by a person skilled in the art so that the current meter 13, the temperature sensor and the water level meter are located 1.5 meters in the river.

[0038] The current meter 13 is used to measure the flow rate of the river. The current meter 13 is located in the river and is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism 2. The temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the current meter 13 and is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism 2. The water level meter is used to measure the distance from the river surface to the current meter 13. The water level meter is fixedly connected to the current meter 13 and is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism 2. The current meter 13, the temperature sensor and the water level meter are all arranged in the protective net.

[0039] The rack 7 is fixed on the fixed frame 1, the gear 8 is connected to the placement rod 19 for coaxial rotation, and the gear 8 is meshed with the rack 7. Four connecting rods 11 are connected below the gear 8, and the lower ends of the connecting rods 11 are fixedly connected to the top of the protective net. The protective net is a cylindrical protective net. A disc 12 is provided above the protective net, and the disc 12 is kept parallel to the movable plate 4. The disc 12 is fixed on the connecting rod 11. The disc 12 is an inclined disc 12. The so-called inclined disc 12 is a sloping top cylinder. The sloping top cylinder consists of a cylinder and an inclined top. The upper surface of the disc 12 presents a continuous high end and a low end. In this scheme Figure 3 The middle disc 12 is centered on the placement rod 19, with the right side being the high range and the left side being the low range. A cleaning mechanism is also symmetrically provided with a placement rod 19 at the bottom of the movable plate 4, and the cleaning mechanism includes a second hydraulic cylinder 6 and an L-shaped block 9. A conveyor belt 10 and a cleaning hook 15. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable plate 4, and the push rod 16 of the second hydraulic cylinder 6 is hinged to the turning point of the L-shaped block 9. A reset torque spring is provided at the hinge to ensure that the L-shaped block 9 remains vertical. The conveyor belt 10 includes a belt 18 and a roller 17, and the roller 17 is rollingly connected to the belt 18, and the belt 18 is fixedly connected to the cleaning hook 15, and the cleaning hook 15 covers the surface of the belt 18. When the cleaning mechanism moves downward, the wire rope can contact the protective net. One end of the L-shaped block 9 can contact the disc 12 when the cleaning mechanism moves downward. The other end of the L-shaped block is rotationally connected to the roller 17.

[0040] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown: The principle of this scheme is: fix the fixing frame 1 on the bank of the set river, then place the flow meter 13, water level agent, water pressure monitor and temperature sensor in the river through the placement rod 19, record the flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature through the data collection and analysis mechanism 2, calculate through the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by previous sampling, and deduce the final sediment content data. The sediment content derivation model adopts the existing empirical model, which is an empirical formula obtained based on the statistical analysis of a large amount of measured data. Formula 1: Cs= f(Q,S,T, other parameters), (Q): flow rate (m' / s); (S): average flow velocity of the cross section (m / s); (T): temperature (°C); (f): complex functional relationships, which may include polynomial, exponential or logarithmic forms; This formula is combined with formula 2: C s = k·|u] a ; (Cs): suspended sediment concentration (mg / L); (u): water flow velocity (m / s); k, a: empirical coefficients, depending on the specific river conditions and sand characteristics. Get more accurate sediment content data. This agency can get more accurate sediment content data.

[0041] When unstable data is detected, the data collection and analysis mechanism 2 stops collecting data, and controls the first hydraulic cylinder 3 and the second hydraulic cylinder 6 to start, so that the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 pushes the moving plate 4 to move, so that the placement rod 19 moves, and the placement rod 19 drives the flow meter 13, the water level meter and the temperature sensor to move horizontally. Even if the monitoring mechanism does not detect unstable data, it must move regularly, and can judge whether each position has an influencing factor based on the position change and whether the value changes.

[0042] When the moving plate 4 moves laterally, since the gear 8 is meshed with the rack 7, the gear 8 rotates under the action of the rack 7, causing the connecting rod 11 to rotate, and the connecting rod 11 drives the cylindrical protection net 14 to rotate. The rotation of the cylindrical protection net 14 will throw away the loosely adhered garbage.

[0043] Then the second hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the cleaning mechanism to move downward through the push rod 16, so that the cleaning hooks 15 on the conveyor belt 10 come to both sides of the cylindrical protective net 14. The cleaning hooks 15 on the belt 18 keep a certain distance from the protective net so that the cleaning hooks 15 can hook the plastic bag. At this time, as the protective net rotates, the cleaning hooks 15 will also hang on the impurities on the protective net, and then when they rotate to a certain angle, the plastic bag is pulled down or broken.

[0044] As the connecting rod 11 rotates, the disc 12 rotates. As the disc 12 rotates, the L-shaped block 9 gradually rotates under the action of the inclined disc 12, and the L-shaped block 9 comes to a high range, so that the lower end of the L-shaped block 9 is close to the cylindrical protective net, so that the cleaning hook 15 can clean up the previously torn residual plastic bag at a closer distance.

[0045] One is the vertical state: when the disc 12 continues to rotate, the L-shaped block 9 comes to the low range, the cleaning hook 15 keeps a certain distance from the protection net, and the cleaning hook 15 cleans the large plastic bag of the protection net. After reaching the set position, continue to collect data.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: 1. When unstable data is detected, this solution can exclude whether it is an accidental event by moving the velocity meter 13, the water level meter and the temperature sensor, thereby improving the accuracy of the data. 2. When the moving plate 4 moves, the protective net rotates, and then the cleaning hook 15 is used for cleaning. At the same time, when the plastic bag is pulled, the belt 18 rotates, so that the cleaning hooks 15 in other parts can also clean the cylindrical protective net 14, reducing the time for manual cleaning. 3. The cooperation of the L-shaped block 9 and the inclined disc 12 realizes the function of maintaining a set distance for a period of time and cleaning the large plastic of the protective net through the cleaning hook 15. Clamp and clean the torn small plastic bags for a period of time. If this mechanism makes the L-shaped block 9 too close to the cylindrical protective net 14 at the beginning, it is easy to be stuck by the plastic bag when moving down, causing damage to the motor. When the protective net rotates, intermittently moving away from and approaching the protective net is less likely to get stuck than always approaching the protective net.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring river sediment in a hydropower station, comprising the following steps: Step S10: sampling water in the river, and then performing experimental drying analysis to obtain a preset sand content; Step S20: fix the fixing frame 1 on the bank of a set river, and then place the current meter 13, the water level agent, the water pressure monitor and the temperature sensor in the river through the placement rod 19; Step S30: Record the flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature through the data collection and analysis unit 2, and calculate the final sediment content data through the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by previous sampling; Step S40: When unstable data is detected, the data collection and analysis mechanism 2 stops collecting data, and then controls the first hydraulic cylinder 3 to start, so that the flow meter 13 moves to the set river position. At the same time, the data collection and analysis mechanism 2 controls the cleaning mechanism to start, clean the protective net, and continue data collection after reaching the position.

[0048] The hydropower station river sediment monitoring method can realize real-time online monitoring of water pressure information and water temperature information, and obtain the final sediment content data through a processor. It not only has high measurement accuracy, but also has a simple structure, is easy to use and has low cost.

[0049] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A river sediment monitoring device for a hydropower station, comprising: Fixed frame (1): the fixed frame (1) is located above the river; Monitoring mechanism: used for monitoring river information, the monitoring mechanism cooperates with the fixing frame (1); Mobile mechanism: used for mobile monitoring mechanism; Protection net: the protection net cooperates with the monitoring mechanism; It is characterized by further comprising: Rotating mechanism: used for rotating the protective net, the rotating mechanism cooperates with the moving mechanism.

2. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism comprises: a guide rail (5), a moving plate (4), a first hydraulic cylinder (3), a hydraulic pump and a placement rod (19); the guide rail (5) is fixedly connected to a fixed frame (1); the moving plate (4) is slidably connected to the guide rail (5); one end of the placement rod (19) is fixedly connected to the moving plate (4), and the other end is fixedly connected to a monitoring mechanism; a long rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the moving plate (4); a cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (1); the hydraulic pump is communicated with the first hydraulic cylinder (3); and the hydraulic pump is electrically connected to the monitoring mechanism.

3. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises a rack (7), a gear (8) and a connecting rod (11); the rack (7) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (1); the gear (8) is coaxially rotatably connected to the placement rod (19); the gear (8) is meshed with the rack (7); one end of the connecting rod (11) is fixedly connected to the gear (8); and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylindrical protection net (14).

4. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a cleaning mechanism, which includes a cleaning unit and a second hydraulic cylinder (6), the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (4), the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is connected to a hydraulic pump, the push rod (16) of the second hydraulic cylinder (6) cooperates with the cleaning unit, and the cleaning unit cooperates with the protective net.

5. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning unit comprises an L-shaped block (9), a conveyor belt (10) and a cleaning hook (15); the conveyor belt (10) comprises a belt (18) and a roller (17); the roller (17) is rollingly connected to the belt (18); the belt (18) is fixedly connected to the cleaning hook (15); the cleaning hook (15) cooperates with a protective net; one end of the L-shaped block (9) cooperates with a push rod (16) of a second hydraulic cylinder (6); and the other end is rotationally connected to the roller (17).

6. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protective net is a cylindrical protective net (14), which wraps around the detection mechanism and is fixedly connected to the placement rod (19).

7. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a disc (12), which is a tilted disc (12), and is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (11). The middle end of the L-shaped block (9) is hinged to the push rod (16) of the second hydraulic cylinder (6), and the L-shaped block (9) cooperates with the disc (12).

8. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A return torque spring is provided at the hinged position between the middle end of the L-shaped block (9) and the push rod (16) of the second hydraulic cylinder (6).

9. A hydropower station river sediment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism comprises a data collection and analysis mechanism (2), a flow meter (13), a temperature sensor and a water level meter, wherein the data collection and analysis mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to a fixed frame (1); the flow meter (13) is located in a river, and the flow meter (13) is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2); the temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the flow meter (13), and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2); the water level meter is fixedly connected to the flow meter (13), and the water level meter is electrically connected to the data collection and analysis mechanism (2).

10. A method for monitoring river sediment in a hydropower station, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: step S10: sampling water in the river, and then conducting experimental drying analysis to obtain a preset sand content; Step S20: fix the fixing frame (1) on the bank of a set river, and then place the current meter (13), the water level meter, the water pressure monitor and the temperature sensor in the river through the placement rod (19); Step S30: Record the flow rate, water pressure, water level and temperature through the data collection and analysis mechanism (2), and calculate the final sediment content data through the preset sediment content derivation model obtained by the previous sampling; Step S40: When unstable data is detected, the data collection and analysis mechanism (2) stops collecting data, and then controls the first hydraulic cylinder (3) to start, so that the flow meter (13) moves to the set river position. At the same time, the data collection and analysis mechanism (2) controls the cleaning mechanism to start, clean the protection net, and continue to collect data after reaching the position.

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