An air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system and method for complex terrain environments

Abstract

The present invention provides an air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system and method for complex terrain environments, the system comprising an air-based meteorological observation part, a ground-based meteorological observation part and a data collection and fusion processing system; the air-based meteorological observation part comprises a vertical fixed-wing observation unit and a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit; the ground-based meteorological observation part comprises a temporary ground-based fixed meteorological observation unit and a mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit; the data collection and fusion processing system is used to summarize the data transmitted by the air-based meteorological observation part and the ground-based meteorological observation part, and obtain a fine-scale regional three-dimensional wind field through fusion processing and analysis including spatiotemporal normalization processing and three-dimensional geostatistical spatial difference processing. The present invention can meet the requirements of meteorological monitoring area coverage, micro-scale accuracy and continuous observation of forest fire sites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire scene meteorological monitoring, and in particular relates to an air-ground integrated forest fire scene meteorological monitoring system and method in a complex terrain environment. Background Art

[0002] Existing meteorological monitoring methods are all fixed-point observation methods, such as weather stations, weather towers, ground-based microwave radars in conjunction with sounding balloons, etc. Low-altitude wind radars, and the latest coherent Doppler laser radars, can be used to monitor atmospheric wind fields and obtain three-dimensional wind speed and direction information in the atmosphere. However, their essence is still fixed-point ground observations, or movable fixed-point ground observations, which lack mobility. When faced with harsh environments where ground equipment and personnel cannot approach, as well as complex terrain environments such as forest fires under complex terrain, even mobile ground observation equipment, such as portable ground meteorological stations, portable low-altitude wind radars, and mobile coherent Doppler laser wind radars, will have their mobility greatly limited, and the equipment will not be flexible enough, resulting in inaccurate observation information. The accuracy and representativeness are insufficient; on the other hand, the latest wind field monitoring method using a multi-rotor drone equipped with a meteorological station (CN202210844811.4) can solve the problem of fine monitoring near forest fires and on the ground, but its spatial coverage is insufficient. The regional wind field monitoring method based on fixed-wing airborne laser wind radar (CN202211173553.8) can carry out wind field monitoring in large areas of complex environments and effectively solve the regional coverage problem. However, its observation accuracy and spatial representativeness close to the fire front and near the ground are limited, and it cannot fully characterize the fine heterogeneity of the meteorological environment caused by the fire.

[0003] At the scene of a forest fire, it is necessary to conduct long-term monitoring of the spatiotemporal changes in the regional wind field meteorology of the forest fire site and the surrounding environment, and to be able to finely monitor the high variability of the local meteorological environment on the surface and caused by the burning of the fire. Therefore, the current systems and methods cannot effectively solve the requirements for continuity, regionality, and accuracy of meteorological observations in large-area forest fires in complex terrain environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air-ground integrated forest fire site meteorological monitoring system and method in a complex terrain environment. For the wind field meteorological environment monitoring of a forest fire site, an air-ground integrated monitoring system and method are proposed. In the forest fire site area in a complex terrain environment, not only can three-dimensional wind field monitoring at a regional scale be carried out, but also fine observation of the meteorological wind field with high spatial heterogeneity near the ground and near the fire front can be carried out, thereby meeting the requirements of regional coverage, micro-scale accuracy and continuous observation of meteorological monitoring of forest fire sites.

[0005] The present invention provides an air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system for complex terrain environments, including an air-based meteorological observation part, a ground-based meteorological observation part, and a data collection and fusion processing system;

[0006] The air-based meteorological observation part includes a vertical fixed-wing observation unit and a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit; the vertical fixed-wing observation unit includes an airborne interferometric laser radar wind measurement system and a data transmission system mounted on a vertical fixed-wing UAV, which is used for regional three-dimensional wind field profile monitoring; the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit includes an ultra-micro weather station and a data transmission system mounted on a multi-rotor UAV, which is used for mobile and precise meteorological monitoring;

[0007] The ground-based meteorological observation part includes a temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit and a mobile ground-based meteorological wind field monitoring unit; the temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit includes a portable movable wind acoustic radar and a data transmission system for carrying out fine wind field profile monitoring near the ground layer; the mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit includes a vehicle-mounted mobile interferometric laser wind measurement radar and a vehicle-mounted mobile automatic weather station and a data transmission system for carrying out mobile monitoring of regional wind field profiles;

[0008] The data collection and fusion processing system is used to collect the data transmitted by the air-based meteorological observation part and the ground-based meteorological observation part, and obtain a three-dimensional wind field in a fine-scale area through time-space normalization processing and three-dimensional geostatistical spatial difference processing.

[0009] The present invention also provides an air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method using the system, comprising:

[0010] Based on the distribution of fire lines and fire sites, large-scale regional monitoring is carried out in the forest fire site and the surrounding large area by a vertical fixed-wing airborne interferometric lidar wind measurement system;

[0011] According to the direction of fire spread, that is, at a safe distance upwind of the fire spread, temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation units are arranged to carry out long-term near-ground wind profile monitoring;

[0012] In the direction of fire spread, i.e. downwind of fire spread, ground-based mobile meteorological wind field observation units are deployed to carry out mobile observation of near-ground wind field profiles and move and adjust at any time as the fire spreads;

[0013] Due to the extremely severe and variable meteorological environment near the fire line, a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit conducts micro-scale meteorological environment fine monitoring near the burning fire line;

[0014] Through the organic combination of the four units of the air-ground integrated monitoring system and the air-base and ground-based systems, data are transmitted through data links, summarized, and the spatiotemporal normalization of meteorological wind field data is performed. The three types of wind speed and direction profile data of different spatial scales obtained from observations of different units are spatially interpolated using three-dimensional geostatistical methods, and fusion analysis and spatial simulation processing are performed to obtain the detailed three-dimensional spatial distribution of wind speed and direction in the forest fire area.

[0015] Furthermore, the method includes: enabling the air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system to enter a basic operation state:

[0016] After a forest fire occurs, the observation system arrives at the fire scene:

[0017] 1) According to the direction of fire spread and the main wind direction of the background environment, immediately deploy temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the ground in the upwind direction or in a safe open area in front of the forest fire to carry out continuous monitoring of the forest fire environment;

[0018] 2) At the same time, the flight route is designed according to the direction of forest fire spread and wind direction. The flight route follows a push-scan route in the main direction perpendicular to the direction of fire spread, covering the entire fire site and surrounding areas;

[0019] 3) Communicate with the air mission commander of the forest fire fighting front headquarters, and after obtaining flight permission, conduct wind radar monitoring with vertical fixed-wing drones;

[0020] 4) The ground-based mobile vehicle-mounted laser wind measurement radar conducts mobile observations in front and behind the direction of fire spread. Through the layout of the previous observation system, the monitoring system is already in basic operation status.

[0021] Furthermore, the method further includes: enabling the air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system to enter a formal operation state, wherein the formal operation state includes:

[0022] Daytime monitoring period:

[0023] As the fire spreads, according to the general principles of observation system layout, the adjustment of temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the upwind side of the fire spread direction should be minimized, and the observation continuity of temporary fixed meteorological observation units should be maintained as much as possible. By dynamically adjusting the position of the mobile meteorological wind field observation unit, the two units of the ground-based meteorological observation part should be arranged in the upper and lower directions of the forest fire field to maintain comprehensive observation.

[0024] The vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit of the air-based meteorological observation part completes push-broom data collection in the entire area through flight monitoring at a fixed time frequency; the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit conducts close observation of the fire scene near the fire line according to the frequency, and the observation time is concentrated between 8 am and 4 pm local time; when the vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit is released, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit carries out monitoring operations at the same time in accordance with the principle of mobile observation, and conducts encrypted monitoring at low altitude near the fire scene and forest fire line.

[0025] Furthermore, the formal operation state also includes:

[0026] Night observation period:

[0027] The low-altitude wind profile monitoring in the fire background area performed by the ground-based temporary fixed observation unit remains unchanged, and the ground-based mobile meteorological environment unit is as close to the fire and the fire line as possible to capture small-scale atmospheric turbulence;

[0028] The vertical fixed-wing observation unit reduces the observation frequency; at the same time, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit increases the observation frequency and, based on the terrain and topography, strengthens meteorological monitoring of forest fires around the fire line, in complex terrain, and ≤50 meters above the fire line; when the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit crosses the fire line, it increases the flight altitude to prevent insufficient lift.

[0029] Furthermore, the formal operation state also includes:

[0030] Routine monitoring:

[0031] Carry out monitoring at forest fire sites during daytime and nighttime non-firefighting tasks and between aviation rescue flights, mainly completing comprehensive monitoring of the meteorological environment in the entire forest fire area and key monitoring of the terrain environment near the fire line, including continuous point monitoring by ground-based platforms and frequent surface enhanced monitoring by the air-based part.

[0032] Furthermore, the formal operation state also includes:

[0033] Task monitoring:

[0034] During the formulation and execution of forest fire fighting missions and forest aviation rescue missions, and during the implementation of forest fire fighting missions and aviation flights, monitoring is carried out through a combination of air bases, base points and surfaces, focusing on the mission area, fire points and ignition lines, and flight routes.

[0035] Furthermore, the task monitoring specifically includes:

[0036] When the temporary fixed meteorological observation unit is moved away from the fire due to the spread of the fire and long-term monitoring, it will be moved and close to the fire line, and its position will still be upwind of the fire; the mobile ground-based meteorological wind field monitoring unit is as close to the fire line as possible, located in the direction of fire spread, and close to the possible approach route of the flight path, and the wind speed and direction profile above the fire line is monitored, with a focus on sudden changes in wind direction and wind shear in the boundary layer and near-ground layer.

[0037] Furthermore, the task monitoring also includes:

[0038] The vertical fixed-wing observation unit will continuously fly at an altitude of ≤1,000 meters above the ground, avoiding the altitude of aviation rescue flight operations, and conduct circumnavigation flights around the fire line, fire point and mission area, covering the time of ground fire fighting and flight operations;

[0039] When implementing forest fire fighting missions on the ground, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit approaches the fire fighting area, hovers upwind of the fire scene, and conducts fixed-point continuous monitoring;

[0040] When a forest fire-fighting aviation flight approaches, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit will actively leave the fire line, avoid the flight path of the aircraft, and lower its altitude to facilitate the aircraft's fire-fighting operations.

[0041] Furthermore, the task monitoring also includes:

[0042] Through self-organizing networks, LET private networks, the Internet of Things, and 4G / 5G public networks, the meteorological observation information of different observation units in the two air-based and ground-based meteorological observation parts is normalized in time and space, and the time and spatial position information of point data and vertical wind speed and direction data are unified. Fusion analysis is carried out, and spatial interpolation using geostatistical methods in three-dimensional space is used to complete the fine spatial distribution simulation of the regional three-dimensional wind field.

[0043] Through the above scheme, through the air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system and method in complex terrain environment, in order to solve the problem of spatiotemporal representativeness of meteorological observation in forest fire area in complex terrain environment, by integrating UAV technology, a vertical fixed-wing airborne laser wind measurement radar and a multi-rotor mobile meteorological monitoring equipment are constructed to form an air-based observation part that can carry out meteorological monitoring in complex and harsh terrain environment, overcoming the spatial representativeness problem of traditional observation in forest fire environment; on the other hand, through temporary fixed wind measurement sonar and mobile vehicle-mounted laser wind measurement radar, a ground-based observation part is constructed to carry out continuous and near-ground fine wind field profile monitoring. Through the scientific planning and organic combination of air-based and ground-based observation parts, an air-ground integrated monitoring system and method are formed, which can effectively carry out continuous, fine, three-dimensional meteorological observation and simulation of forest fire environment.

[0044] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system application scheme for carrying out meteorological environment monitoring of forest fire sites according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Ginseng Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system for complex terrain environments, including an air-based meteorological observation part, a ground-based meteorological observation part, and a data collection and fusion processing system;

[0049] The air-based meteorological observation part includes a vertical fixed-wing observation unit and a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit; the vertical fixed-wing observation unit includes an airborne interferometric laser radar wind measurement system and a data transmission system mounted on a vertical fixed-wing UAV, which is used for regional three-dimensional wind field profile monitoring; the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit includes an ultra-micro weather station and a data transmission system mounted on a multi-rotor UAV, which is used for mobile and precise meteorological monitoring in complex terrain, harsh environment, and near the front line;

[0050] The ground-based meteorological observation part includes a temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit and a mobile ground-based meteorological wind field monitoring unit; the temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit includes a portable movable wind measuring acoustic radar and a data transmission system for carrying out fine wind field profile monitoring near the ground layer; the mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit includes a vehicle-mounted mobile interferometric laser wind measuring radar and a vehicle-mounted mobile automatic weather station and a data transmission system for carrying out long-term mobile monitoring of regional wind field profiles;

[0051] The data collection and processing system is used to collect the data transmitted by the air-based meteorological observation part and the ground-based meteorological observation part, and obtain a three-dimensional wind field in a fine-scale area through time-space normalization processing and three-dimensional geostatistical spatial difference processing.

[0052] Forest fire area monitoring methods include:

[0053] According to the distribution of fire lines and fire sites, large-scale regional monitoring is carried out in the forest fire site and the surrounding large area by a vertical fixed-wing airborne interferometric lidar wind measurement system; according to the direction of fire spread, that is, at a safe distance upwind of its spread, a temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit is arranged to carry out long-term near-ground wind profile monitoring; in the direction of fire spread, that is, downwind of the fire spread, a mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit is deployed to carry out mobile observation of the near-ground wind field profile, and move and adjust at any time as the fire spreads; near the fire line, due to the highly harsh and multilateral meteorological environment, a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit conducts micro-scale detailed monitoring of the meteorological environment near the burning fire line.

[0054] Through the organic combination of the four units of the air-ground integrated monitoring system and the air-base and ground-based monitoring system, the data are summarized through data link transmission, and observations from different units are used to obtain three types of wind speed and direction profile data of different spatial scales. The spatiotemporal normalization of meteorological wind field data is carried out, and spatial interpolation, fusion analysis and spatial simulation of three-dimensional geostatistical methods are performed to obtain the detailed three-dimensional spatial distribution of wind speed and direction in the forest fire area.

[0055] In a specific example, the air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system includes a basic operation state and a formal operation state. The formal operation state includes four application scenarios: daytime monitoring period, nighttime observation period, routine monitoring, and task monitoring. The specific contents are as follows:

[0056] A. Basic operating status:

[0057] After a forest fire occurs, the observation system arrives at the fire scene:

[0058] 1. First, according to the direction of fire spread and the main wind direction of the background environment, temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation units should be immediately deployed in relatively safe and well-equipped open areas such as the upwind direction or the front command post of the forest fire fighting to carry out continuous monitoring of the forest fire environment.

[0059] 2. At the same time, the flight route is designed according to the direction of forest fire spread and wind direction. The route follows a push-scan route in the main direction perpendicular to the direction of fire spread, covering the entire fire site and surrounding areas;

[0060] 3. Communicate with the air task commander of the forest fire fighting front headquarters, and after obtaining flight permission, conduct wind radar monitoring on a vertical fixed-wing drone;

[0061] 4. The ground-based mobile vehicle-mounted laser wind measurement radar conducts mobile observation in front of and behind the direction of fire spread. Through the arrangement of the previous observation system, the monitoring system has been put into basic operation.

[0062] B: Formal operation status:

[0063] Due to the large scale and long duration of forest fires, the preliminary observation arrangement needs to be adjusted according to the development of the fire scene and task requirements, with the focus on the observation system arrangement, which is divided into the following four scenarios:

[0064] (I) Daytime monitoring period:

[0065] During the day, convection develops vigorously in the forest fire area and the atmosphere is in an unstable state. The layout of the monitoring system is basically consistent with the layout principles of the previous observation system. The key points that need to be adjusted are: as the fire line spreads, according to the general principles of observation system layout, the adjustment of the temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the upwind side of the fire line should be as little as possible, and the observation continuity of the temporary fixed meteorological observation units should be maintained as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the position of the ground-based mobile meteorological wind field observation unit to ensure that the two units of the ground-based meteorological observation part are arranged in the upper and lower directions of the forest fire site respectively, and maintain the basic design of comprehensive observation of the fire site.

[0066] The vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit of the air-based meteorological observation part shall complete the push-broom data collection of the entire area at a fixed time and frequency. The multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit shall conduct close observation of the fire environment near the fire line at the same frequency, and the observation time shall be concentrated between 8 am and 4 pm local time. When the vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit is released, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit shall carry out monitoring operations at the same time according to the principle of mobile observation, and carry out intensive monitoring at low altitude near the fire line of the forest fire site.

[0067] (II) Night observation period:

[0068] Due to the local thermal environment of the forest fire site and the local circulation of the complex terrain, the forest meteorological environment will change greatly at night and during the day; compared with the daytime, the regional background atmosphere of the fire site should be in a stable structure. In addition, night is also an important time for forest fire rescue teams to carry out ground fire fighting operations, so the nighttime forest fire site meteorological environment monitoring plan focuses slightly differently.

[0069] The monitoring of the low-altitude wind field profile in the background area performed by the ground-based temporary fixed observation unit remains unchanged, and the ground-based mobile meteorological environment unit should be as close to the fire scene and fire line as possible to capture the unstable structure caused by the fire and the convection and turbulence caused by the fire.

[0070] In the air-based part, the vertical fixed-wing airborne monitoring units reduce the observation frequency; at the same time, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological units increase the observation frequency, based on the terrain and topography, especially strengthening the meteorological monitoring of forest fires around the fire line, in complex terrain, and ≤50 meters above the fire line. It should be noted that when the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit crosses the fire line, it is necessary to increase the flight altitude to prevent insufficient lift.

[0071] (III) Routine monitoring:

[0072] The monitoring of forest fires during the day and night without ground-based firefighting and aviation rescue flight time is collectively referred to as routine monitoring, which is characterized by continuous monitoring by ground-based platforms and frequency monitoring by air-based platforms, and is characterized by point-based continuous monitoring and frequency-based surface-based enhanced monitoring. The goal is to carry out comprehensive monitoring of the meteorological environment in the entire forest fire area and key monitoring of the meteorological environment around the fire line.

[0073] (IV) Task monitoring:

[0074] Mission monitoring refers to special programs carried out during the formulation and execution of ground forest fire fighting missions and forest aviation rescue missions, especially during forest fire fighting missions and aviation flights. Its characteristics are the combination of air bases, base points and surfaces, focusing on monitoring mission areas, fire points, ignition lines and flight routes.

[0075] For ground-based meteorological observations, temporary fixed ground observation units should be moved close to the fire line if they are far away from the fire due to prolonged fire spread, and their position should still be upwind of the fire. Mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation units should be as close to the fire line as possible, and as consistent with the direction of fire spread as possible, and approach routes close to the flight path, and monitor the wind speed and direction profiles above the fire line, with a focus on sudden changes in wind direction and wind shear in the boundary layer and near-ground layer.

[0076] The vertical fixed-wing airborne monitoring unit continuously flies at an altitude of ≤1,000 meters from the ground, avoiding aviation rescue flight operations, and conducts circumnavigation flights around the fire line, fire point and mission area, covering the operating time of ground fire fighting and flight operations.

[0077] When implementing forest fire-fighting tasks on the ground, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit should approach the fire-fighting area, hover upwind of the fire, and carry out fixed-point continuous monitoring.

[0078] When approaching a forest fire-fighting aviation flight, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit should actively leave the fire line, avoid the flight path, and lower the altitude to facilitate the fire-fighting operations of the aviation rescue aircraft.

[0079] Through self-organizing networks, LET private networks, the Internet of Things, 4G\5G public networks, etc., the meteorological observation information of different observation units in the two air-based and ground-based meteorological observation parts is unified into point data and vertical wind speed and direction data time and spatial position information, normalized in time and space, and fused and analyzed. The simulation is carried out using three-dimensional geostatistical methods such as spatial interpolation to complete the fine spatial distribution simulation of the regional three-dimensional wind field.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system for complex terrain environments, characterized in that: It includes air-based meteorological observation part, ground-based meteorological observation part and data collection and fusion processing system; The air-based meteorological observation part includes a vertical fixed-wing observation unit and a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit; the vertical fixed-wing observation unit includes an airborne interferometric laser radar wind measurement system and a data transmission system mounted on a vertical fixed-wing UAV, which is used for regional three-dimensional wind field profile monitoring; the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit includes an ultra-micro weather station and a data transmission system mounted on a multi-rotor UAV, which is used for mobile and precise meteorological monitoring in complex terrain, harsh environment, and near the front line; The ground-based meteorological observation part includes a temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit and a mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit; the temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation unit includes a portable movable wind acoustic radar and a data transmission system for carrying out fine wind field profile monitoring near the ground layer; the mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit includes a vehicle-mounted mobile interferometric laser wind measurement radar and a vehicle-mounted mobile automatic weather station and a data transmission system for carrying out mobile monitoring of regional wind field profiles; The data collection and fusion processing system is used to collect the data transmitted by the air-based meteorological observation part and the ground-based meteorological observation part, and obtain a three-dimensional wind field in a fine-scale area through data fusion processing and analysis including time-space normalization processing and three-dimensional geostatistical spatial difference processing.

2. An air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method using the system of claim 1, characterized in that: include: Based on the distribution of fire lines and fire sites, large-scale regional monitoring is carried out in the forest fire site and the surrounding large area by a vertical fixed-wing airborne interferometric lidar wind measurement system; According to the direction of fire spread, that is, at a safe distance upwind of the fire spread, temporary fixed ground-based meteorological observation units are arranged to carry out long-term near-ground wind profile monitoring; In the direction of fire spread, i.e. downwind of fire spread, ground-based mobile meteorological wind field observation units are deployed to carry out mobile observation of near-ground wind field profiles and move and adjust at any time as the fire spreads; Due to the extremely severe and variable meteorological environment near the fire line, a multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit conducts micro-scale meteorological environment fine monitoring near the burning fire line; Through the organic combination of the four units of the air-ground integrated monitoring system and the air-base and ground-based systems, data are transmitted through data links, summarized, and the spatiotemporal normalization of meteorological wind field data is performed. The three types of wind speed and direction profile data of different spatial scales obtained by observations in different units are subjected to three-dimensional geostatistical methods of spatial interpolation, fusion processing, and spatial simulation processing to obtain the detailed three-dimensional spatial distribution of wind speed and direction in the forest fire area.

3. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: include: The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system enters a basic operation state: After a forest fire occurs, the observation system arrives at the fire scene: 1) According to the direction of fire spread and the main wind direction of the background environment, immediately deploy temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the ground in the upwind direction or in a safe open area in front of the forest fire to carry out continuous monitoring of the forest fire environment; 2) At the same time, the flight route is designed according to the direction of forest fire spread and wind direction. The flight route follows a push-scan route in the main direction perpendicular to the direction of fire spread, covering the entire fire site and surrounding areas; 3) Communicate with the air mission commander of the forest fire fighting front headquarters, and after obtaining flight permission, conduct wind radar monitoring with a vertical fixed-wing drone; 4) The ground-based mobile vehicle-mounted laser wind measurement radar conducts mobile observations in front and behind the direction of fire spread. Through the layout of the previous observation system, the monitoring system is already in basic operation status.

4. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: include: The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring system enters a formal operation state, and the formal operation state includes: Daytime monitoring period: As the fire spreads, according to the general principles of observation system layout, the adjustment of temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the upwind side of the fire spread direction should be minimized, and the observation continuity of temporary fixed meteorological observation units on the ground should be maintained as much as possible. By dynamically adjusting the position of the mobile meteorological wind field observation unit on the ground, the two units of the ground meteorological observation part should be arranged in the upper and lower directions of the forest fire field, respectively, to ensure the comprehensiveness of the fire field observation. The vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit of the air-based meteorological observation part conducts flight monitoring at a fixed time frequency to complete push-broom data collection in the entire area; the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit conducts close monitoring of the fire scene near the fire line at the same frequency, and the monitoring time is concentrated between 8 am and 4 pm local time; when the vertical fixed-wing airborne observation unit is released, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit carries out monitoring operations at the same time in accordance with the principle of mobile observation, and conducts encrypted monitoring at low altitude near the fire scene and forest fire line.

5. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The formal operation state also includes: Night observation period: The monitoring of low-altitude wind profiles of the regional environmental background field performed by the temporary ground-based fixed observation units remains unchanged, while the ground-based mobile meteorological environment units are as close as possible to the fire scene and fire front to capture small-scale atmospheric turbulence; The vertical fixed-wing observation unit reduces the observation frequency; at the same time, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit increases the observation frequency and, based on the terrain and topography, strengthens the meteorological monitoring of forest fires around the fire line, in complex terrain, and ≤50 meters above the fire line; when the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit crosses the fire line, it needs to increase the flight altitude to prevent insufficient lift.

6. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The formal operation state also includes: Routine monitoring: Carry out monitoring at forest fire sites during daytime and nighttime non-forest fire fighting tasks and between aviation rescue flights, complete comprehensive monitoring of the meteorological environment in the entire forest fire area and key monitoring of the terrain environment near the fire line, including continuous point monitoring by ground-based platforms and frequent enhanced surface monitoring by the air-based part.

7. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The formal operation state also includes: Task monitoring: During the formulation and execution of forest fire fighting missions and forest aviation rescue missions, and during the implementation of forest fire fighting missions and aviation rescue flights, a combination of point and surface monitoring methods of air-based meteorological observation and ground-based meteorological observation are used to focus on monitoring the mission area, fire points and ignition lines, and flight routes.

8. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The task monitoring specifically includes: When the temporary fixed meteorological observation unit on the ground gradually moves away from the fire line due to long-term continuous observation and the spread of the fire, it needs to be moved and moved close to the fire line during mission monitoring, and the position should still be upwind of the fire; the mobile ground-based meteorological wind field observation unit should be as close to the fire line as possible and located in the approach path of the flight path to monitor the wind speed and direction profile above the fire line, with a focus on sudden changes in wind direction and wind shear in the boundary layer and near-ground layer.

9. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The task monitoring also includes: The vertical fixed-wing observation unit continuously flies at an altitude of ≤1,000 meters above the ground, avoiding the altitude of aviation rescue flights and conducting circumnavigation flights around the fire line, fire point and mission area, covering the entire time period of ground fire fighting and flight operations; When implementing forest fire fighting missions on the ground, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit approaches the fire fighting area, hovers upwind of the fire scene, and conducts fixed-point continuous monitoring; When a forest fire-fighting aviation flight approaches, the multi-rotor mobile meteorological detection unit will actively leave the fire line, avoid the flight route, and lower its altitude to facilitate the fire-fighting operations of large aircraft.

10. The air-ground integrated forest fire meteorological monitoring method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The task monitoring also includes: Through methods including but not limited to self-organizing networks, LTE private networks, the Internet of Things, and 4G / 5G public networks, the meteorological observation information of different observation units in both air-based and ground-based meteorological observation parts is normalized in time and space, and the time and spatial position information of point data and vertical wind speed and direction data are unified. Spatial interpolation is performed using geostatistical methods in three-dimensional space, and multi-source meteorological data fusion processing and analysis are carried out to complete the fine spatial distribution simulation of the regional three-dimensional wind field.

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