A rotary drum passive control reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a reactor with passive drum control, which relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and comprises a core 1 and a core shell 2 for accommodating the core 1. On the shell, a receiving chamber is provided above the core 1, and a piston 3 is provided in the receiving chamber. The piston 3 moves in the receiving chamber and divides the receiving chamber into an expansion chamber 4 and a compression chamber 5. The expansion chamber 4 is close to the core 1, and the compression chamber 5 is far away from the core 1. A first connecting rod 6 is provided on the piston 3, one end of the first connecting rod 6 is fixedly connected to the piston 3, and the other end passes through the core shell 2 and extends to the outside of the core shell 2 and is connected to the transmission mechanism 7 for transmission. The transmission mechanism 7 is connected to a plurality of drum assemblies 8, and the drum assemblies 8 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the core shell 2 and rotate around the central axis of the drum assembly 8. The transmission mechanism 7 is used to drive the drum assembly 8 to rotate. The invention overcomes the technical problems of large reactor weight and life span caused by the drum being driven by a motor, and provides a reactor with passive drum control, which reduces the volume and weight of the reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and in particular to a reactor with passive drum control. Background Art

[0002] In the design scheme of existing nuclear reactors, especially in the design scheme of space reactors, in the design of the control scheme for the rotation of the drum, a technical scheme is usually adopted in which the drum is directly connected to the motor through a straight rod passing through the shielding body. In order to reduce the radiation impact of the straight rod passing through the straight rod hole of the shielding body, the gap between the straight rod and the hole on the shielding body is required to be very small, and additional local shielding needs to be added, which increases the weight of the nuclear reactor, especially the space reactor; at the same time, in the scheme of the prior art, the straight rod passing through the shield is easy to expand after being heated, and there is a risk of getting stuck, resulting in failure to control the rotation of the drum, bringing about the huge consequence that the nuclear reaction cannot be controlled; secondly, the drum motor of the existing scheme is a plurality of independent mechanisms, which cannot ensure the consistency of the rotation of the drum, resulting in uneven control of the reactor reactivity; the electronic components in the motor are not radiation-resistant and must be placed behind the shield, and other problems need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the drum needs to be controlled by a motor, which leads to an increase in reactor volume and weight, lack of consistency in the control of multiple drums, and the drum control motor is easily stuck in the through hole of the shield due to high temperature expansion. The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0004] A reactor with passive drum control comprises a core and a core shell for accommodating the core, wherein a accommodating chamber is provided above the core on the core shell, a piston is provided in the accommodating chamber, the piston moves in the accommodating chamber and divides the accommodating chamber into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber, the expansion chamber is close to the core, and the compression chamber is far away from the core, a first connecting rod is provided on the piston, one end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end passes through the core shell and extends to the outside of the core shell and is connected to a transmission mechanism for transmission, the transmission mechanism is connected to a plurality of drum assemblies, the drum assemblies are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the core shell and rotate around the central axis of the drum assembly, and the transmission mechanism is used to drive the drum assembly to rotate.

[0005] A heat insulation layer is arranged around the cavity body of the compression cavity.

[0006] The piston comprises two fastening discs arranged parallel to each other, and a piston heat insulating layer is arranged between the two fastening discs.

[0007] The transmission mechanism includes a large gear and several small gears, the large gear is meshed with all the small gears, the small gears are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the drum assembly, and each small gear is fixedly connected to the corresponding drum assembly; one end of the first connecting rod is provided with a thread, and the first connecting rod passes through the large gear and is threadedly connected to the large gear.

[0008] The thread is a double-thread thread, and an internal thread matching the double-thread thread is provided at the center of the large gear.

[0009] The drum assembly includes a connecting rod and a control unit, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the pinion at the center of the pinion, and the other end is fixedly connected to the control unit; the control unit includes a neutron absorber and a neutron reflector, and the neutron absorber and the neutron reflector form a cylindrical structure.

[0010] A shielding body is arranged above the transmission mechanism.

[0011] A plurality of support rods are arranged on the lower surface of the shielding body, and the support rods are evenly arranged.

[0012] In the initial state, the ratio of the height of the expansion chamber to the height of the compression chamber is 1:(1.1-1.3). The ratio of the radius of the large gear to the radius of the small gear is (3-3.5):1.

[0013] A reactor with passive drum control also includes a reflective shell, which is cylindrical and sleeved on the outer periphery of all drum components.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] (1) The present invention provides a reactor with passive drum control, which uses a passive transmission method to drive the drum to rotate. Compared with the design scheme in the prior art of connecting the drum and the motor by drilling holes in the shielding body, the driving motor is eliminated, and the local shielding body 10 set due to drilling holes in the shielding body is eliminated, thereby reducing the weight of the reactor.

[0016] (2) At the same time, the passive control method of the drum provided by the present invention can ensure the synchronization of the rotation of the small gears through the design scheme that the large gear drives multiple small gears at the same time, thereby ensuring the synchronization with the drum control, thereby improving the uniformity of the reactor control reaction, which is beneficial to the flattening of the reactor power.

[0017] (3) The mechanisms and components used in the present invention do not need to pass through the shielding body, thus avoiding the addition of additional local shielding, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the space pile and reduces the number and weight of space pile components.

[0018] (4) The present invention performs control through temperature feedback of the reactor, and does not require external electrical appliances to achieve passive control, thereby improving the reliability of the control function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the reactor is shown in Figure 1.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the enlarged view of point A;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. core, 2. core shell, 3. piston, 31. fastening plate, 32. piston insulation layer, 4. expansion chamber, 5. compression chamber, 6. first connecting rod, 61. thread, 7. transmission mechanism, 71. large gear, 72. small gear, 8. drum assembly, 81. connecting rod, 82. control unit, 821. neutron absorber, 822. neutron reflector, 9. insulation layer, 10. shielding body, 11. support rod, 12. reflector shell, 13. bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0025] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0027] It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Such terms are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 4 A reactor with passive drum control comprises a core 1 and a core shell 2 for accommodating the core 1. On the core shell 2, a receiving chamber is provided above the core 1. A piston 3 is provided in the receiving chamber. The piston 3 moves in the receiving chamber and divides the receiving chamber into an expansion chamber 4 and a compression chamber 5. The expansion chamber 4 is close to the core 1, and the compression chamber 5 is far away from the core 1. A first connecting rod 6 is provided on the piston 3. One end of the first connecting rod 6 is fixedly connected to the piston 3, and the other end passes through the core shell 2 and extends to the outside of the core shell 2 and is connected to the transmission mechanism 7. The transmission mechanism 7 is connected to a plurality of drum assemblies 8. The drum assemblies 8 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the core shell 2 and rotate around the central axis of the drum assembly 8. The transmission mechanism 7 is used to drive the drum assembly 8 to rotate. The receiving chamber is filled with gas, preferably inert gas.

[0029] A heat insulating layer 9 is provided around the compression chamber 5. The heat insulating layer 9 is used to isolate the heat conducted from the compression chamber 5 by the nuclear reaction around the compression chamber 5, so as to bring about a temperature difference between the compression chamber 5 and the expansion chamber 4.

[0030] The piston 3 includes two fastening disks 31 arranged parallel to each other, and a piston heat insulation layer 32 is provided between the two fastening disks 31. The piston 3 is provided with a piston heat insulation layer 32, which is used to isolate the temperature of the compression chamber 5 and the expansion chamber 4, to ensure that the temperature of the expansion chamber 4 will not be transmitted to the compression chamber 5, so that a temperature difference is generated between the expansion chamber 4 and the compression chamber 5.

[0031] In the above scheme, heat is generated by nuclear reaction in the core 1, and the heat of the core 1 is transferred to the expansion chamber 4, so that the temperature of the expansion chamber 4 increases, and the volume of the gas in the expansion chamber 4 expands. However, due to the surrounding insulation layer 9 and the piston insulation layer 32 provided on the piston 3, the temperature in the compression chamber 5 is not affected by the heat of the core 1, which leads to a temperature difference between the compression chamber 5 and the expansion chamber 4. The volume of gas in the expansion chamber 4 expands at high temperature, pushing the piston 3 to move toward the compression chamber 5. The movement of the piston 3 drives the first connecting rod 6 to rise, and the movement of the first connecting rod 6 drives the transmission mechanism 7, and the transmission mechanism 7 drives the drum assembly 8 to rotate. The rotation of the drum assembly 8 realizes the control of the reaction rate of the reactor core 1. When the reaction rate of the core 1 decreases, the temperature of the core 1 also decreases, thereby cooling the expansion chamber 4, reducing the volume of the gas, and causing the piston 3 to move toward the expansion chamber 4. The first connecting rod 6 decreases, and then drives the drum assembly 8 to rotate through the transmission device. The rotation of the drum assembly 8 reduces the control of the drum assembly 8 on the reaction of the core 1, and the above process is repeated in sequence. In the above process, the expansion and reduction of the gas in the expansion chamber 4 is controlled by the temperature of the core 1, thereby driving the movement of the piston 3, so that the entire drum assembly 8 does not need to rely on the drive motor during the movement process, realizing a passive drum assembly 8 control method, thereby avoiding the use of a drive motor to drive the drum mechanism. When the driving motor is placed in a radiation environment, its life will be reduced due to the influence of radiation, so it needs to be placed on the other side of the shielding body 10 to avoid radiation. This requires drilling holes in the shielding body 10 to connect the drum and the motor. The driving motor is eliminated, and the local shielding body 10 set up due to drilling holes in the shielding body 10 is eliminated. This reduces the weight of the reactor and reduces the volume and weight of the reactor. The reduction in volume and weight is a huge advantage for space reactors.

[0032] Specifically, the transmission mechanism 7 includes a large gear 71 and a plurality of small gears 72, the large gear 71 meshes with all the small gears 72, the small gears 72 are arranged one by one with the drum assembly 8, and each small gear 72 is fixedly connected with the corresponding drum assembly 8; one end of the first connecting rod 6 is provided with a thread 61, the first connecting rod 6 passes through the large gear 71, and is threadedly connected with the large gear 71 for rotation. Specifically, a through hole is provided at the center of the large gear 71, and an internal thread matching the first connecting rod 6 is provided on the inner wall of the through hole. The number of the transmission mechanism 7 is preferably six. Since the first connecting rod 6 and the large gear 71 are threadedly connected, the piston 3 moves upward or downward, driving the first connecting rod 6 to move in the vertical direction. The movement of the first connecting rod 6 drives the large gear 71 to rotate. The rotation of the large gear 71, since the large gear 71 is engaged with a plurality of small gears 72 arranged around the large gear 71, the rotation of the large gear 71 drives the rotation of the small gear 72. Since the small gear 72 is fixedly connected to the drum assembly 8, the rotation of the small gear 72 drives the drum assembly 8 to rotate, thereby realizing the reaction control of the drum assembly 8 to the core 1.

[0033] At the center of the large gear 71, bearings 13 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the large gear 71. The inner diameter of the bearing 13 located on the lower surface is interference fit with the convex edge at the center of the large gear 71, and the outer diameter can be connected to the core shell 2 through an adaptive connection component. The bearing 13 located on the upper surface has the same design as the bearing 13 on the lower surface, and is fixedly connected to the shielding body 10 or other shells through an adaptive connection component to fix the large gear 71.

[0034] The thread 61 on the first connecting rod 6 is a double-thread thread, and an internal thread adapted to the double-thread thread is provided at the center of the large gear 71. The double-thread thread design is adopted to avoid the backlash phenomenon of the thread 61 connection.

[0035] The drum assembly 8 includes a connecting rod 81 and a control unit 82, one end of the connecting rod 81 is fixedly connected to the pinion 72 at the center of the pinion 72, and the other end is fixedly connected to the control unit 82; the control unit 82 includes a neutron absorber 821 and a neutron reflector 822, and the neutron absorber 821 and the neutron reflector 822 form a cylindrical structure. The neutron absorber 821 and the neutron reflector 822 both extend in the axial direction, and the cross-sections of the neutron absorber 821 and the neutron reflector 822 are both fan-shaped. Preferably, the fan-shaped angle of the neutron absorber 821 is 120 degrees, and the fan-shaped angle of the neutron reflector 822 is 240 degrees. The neutron absorber 821 can absorb neutrons, thereby controlling the reaction speed of the core 1, while the neutron reflector 822 shields neutrons. The neutron absorber material is generally selected as B4C, and the neutron reflector material is generally beryllium. When the drum assembly 8 rotates with the rotation of the pinion 72, when it rotates until the neutron absorber 821 faces the core 1, the neutron absorber 821 can absorb the neutrons released by the core 1, thereby controlling the reaction rate of the core 1 to decrease; when the rotation of the pinion 72 drives the neutron absorber 821 to be separated from the core 1 by the neutron reflector 822, the neutron absorber 821 cannot absorb neutrons, thereby controlling the reaction rate of the core 1 as above.

[0036] In one embodiment, the neutron reflector 822 and the connecting rod 81 are integrally formed.

[0037] A shielding body 10 is provided above the transmission mechanism 7. A plurality of support rods are provided on the lower surface of the shielding body 10, and the support rods 11 are evenly arranged. The shielding body 10 is used to shield the radiation generated by the core, and the support rods 11 are used to support the shielding body 10. One end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the shielding body 10, and the other end can be connected to the reactor shell and other components according to the design of the reactor.

[0038] A reactor with passive drum control also includes a reflective shell 12, which is cylindrical and sleeved on the outer periphery of all drum components. The reflective shell 12 is used to reflect neutrons released by the reaction of the core 1, so that the neutrons move in the inner cavity of the reflective shell 12.

[0039] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0040] When a nuclear reaction occurs in the core 1, heat is generated. The heat of the core 1 is conducted to the expansion chamber 4, causing the temperature of the expansion chamber 4 to rise and the volume of the gas in the expansion chamber 4 to expand. However, due to the surrounding insulation layer 9 and the piston insulation layer 32 on the piston 3 in the compression chamber 5, the temperature in the compression chamber 5 will not be affected by the heat of the core 1, which leads to a temperature difference between the compression chamber 5 and the expansion chamber 4. The volume of gas in the expansion chamber 4 expands at high temperature, pushing the piston 3 to move in the direction of the compression chamber 5. The movement of the piston 3 drives the first connecting rod 6 to rise. Since the first connecting rod 6 and the large gear 71 are threadedly connected, the first connecting rod 6 moves upward, driving the large gear 71 to rotate. The rotation of the large gear 71, since the large gear 71 is engaged with a plurality of small gears 72 arranged around the large gear 71, the rotation of the large gear 71 drives the rotation of the small gear 72. Since the small gear 72 is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod, the rotation of the small gear 72 drives the rotation of the drum assembly. The rotation of the drum assembly causes the neutron absorber 821 to gradually turn from away from the core 1 to facing the core 1. When the neutron absorber 821 gradually faces the core 1, the neutron absorber 821 absorbs neutrons, causing the reaction rate of the reactor to decrease. After the reaction rate of the reactor decreases, the temperature of the core 1 also decreases, thereby cooling the expansion chamber 4, reducing the gas volume, and moving the piston 3 toward the expansion chamber 4. The first connecting rod 6 decreases, and the reverse movement of the first connecting rod 6 drives the large gear 71 to rotate in the opposite direction. The reverse rotation of the large gear 71 drives the small gear 72 to rotate in the opposite direction. The reverse rotation of the small gear 72 drives the drum assembly 8 to rotate in the opposite direction through the second connecting rod. The reverse rotation of the drum assembly 8 causes the neutron absorber 821 to gradually move away from the core 1. The neutron absorber 821 absorbs less neutrons, or at least no longer absorbs neutrons due to the shielding of the neutron reflector 822. The reaction rate of the core 1 increases, and the temperature of the expansion chamber 4 increases. The above process is repeated in sequence until the reaction of the core 1 is stable.

[0041] In the present invention, in the initial state of the reactor, the ratio of the height of the expansion chamber 4 to the height of the compression chamber 5 is 1:(1.1-1.3), and the ratio of the radius of the large gear 71 to the radius of the small gear 72 is (3-3.5):1. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the expansion chamber 4 to the height of the compression chamber 5 is 1:1.2, and the ratio of the radius of the large gear 71 to the radius of the small gear 72 is 3:1. When the ratio of the height of the expansion chamber 4 to the height of the compression chamber 5 and the ratio of the radius of the large gear 71 to the radius of the small gear 72 meet the above proportional relationship, the drum assembly 8 can achieve 180-degree rotation.

[0042] In summary, the present invention provides a reactor with passive drum control, which realizes the control of the drum through a passive technical solution, thereby realizing the control of the reactor. Compared with the design scheme of punching holes in the shielding body 10 to connect the drum and the motor in the prior art, the passive drum control method cancels the drive motor, and cancels the local shielding body 10 set due to the holes in the shielding body 10, thereby reducing the weight of the reactor. At the same time, the passive drum control method provided by the present invention, through the design scheme of the large gear 71 driving multiple small gears 72 at the same time, can ensure the synchronization of the rotation of the small gear 72, thereby ensuring the synchronization with the drum control, thereby improving the uniformity of the reactor control reaction, which is conducive to the flattening of the reactor power. In addition, the mechanism and components used in the present invention do not need to pass through the shielding body 10, avoid adding additional local shielding, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the space pile, and at the same time reduce the number and weight of the space pile components. The present invention controls through the temperature feedback of the reactor, does not require external electrical appliances to achieve passive control, and improves the reliability of the control function.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor with passive drum control, comprising a core and a core shell accommodating the core, characterized in that: On the core shell, a accommodating chamber is provided above the core, and a piston is provided in the accommodating chamber. The piston moves in the accommodating chamber and divides the accommodating chamber into an expansion chamber and a compression chamber, wherein the expansion chamber is close to the core, and the compression chamber is far away from the core. A first connecting rod is provided on the piston, wherein one end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end passes through the core shell and extends to the outside of the core shell and is connected to the transmission mechanism for transmission. The transmission mechanism is connected to a plurality of drum assemblies, and the drum assemblies are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the core shell and rotate around the central axis of the drum assembly. The transmission mechanism is used to drive the drum assembly to rotate.

2. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer is arranged around the cavity body of the compression cavity.

3. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The piston comprises two fastening discs arranged parallel to each other, and a piston heat insulating layer is arranged between the two fastening discs.

4. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a large gear and several small gears, the large gear is meshed with all the small gears, the small gears are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the drum assembly, and each small gear is fixedly connected to the corresponding drum assembly; one end of the first connecting rod 6 is provided with a thread, and the first connecting rod passes through the large gear and is threadedly connected with the large gear.

5. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The thread is a double-thread thread, and an internal thread matching the double-thread thread is provided at the center of the large gear.

6. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The drum assembly includes a connecting rod and a control unit, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the pinion at the center of the pinion, and the other end is fixedly connected to the control unit; the control unit includes a neutron absorber and a neutron reflector, and the neutron absorber and the neutron reflector form a cylindrical structure.

7. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding body is arranged above the transmission mechanism.

8. A rotary drum passive control reactor as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of support rods are arranged on the lower surface of the shielding body, and the support rods are evenly arranged.

9. A reactor with passive control of a rotary drum as described in claim 1, in an initial state, the ratio of the height of the expansion chamber 4 to the height of the compression chamber is 1:(1.1-1.3)., and the ratio of the radius of the large gear to the radius of the small gear is (3-3.5):

1.

10. The reactor with passive control of a rotary drum as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a reflective shell, wherein the reflective shell is cylindrical and sleeved on the outer circumference of all rotary drum components.

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