Passive cooling structure and reactor building

Abstract

The invention relates to a passive cooling structure and a reactor building. The cooling structure comprises a base body, a first communicating assembly and a second communicating assembly. The base body is provided with a cooling cavity and a liquid injection cavity, and the cooling cavity is used for being communicated with a containing cavity in a containment; the first communication assembly comprises a first liquid injection pipeline and a switch valve, the first liquid injection pipeline is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, the first inlet is communicated with the liquid injection cavity, the first outlet is used for being communicated with the containing cavity, the first inlet is higher than the first outlet, and the switch valve is installed on the first liquid injection pipeline; the second communication assembly comprises a second liquid injection pipeline and a first pressure switch, the second liquid injection pipeline is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is communicated with the cooling cavity, the second outlet is communicated with the liquid injection cavity, the second inlet is higher than the second outlet, and the first pressure switch is installed on the second liquid injection pipeline. The first pressure switch is configured to be turned on when the pressure value in the cooling cavity reaches a first preset value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, in particular to a passive cooling structure and a reactor building. Background Art

[0002] The main reactor vessel is arranged in the containment. When an accident occurs, the containment can prevent the leakage of radioactive materials. However, the decay heat of the reactor and a large amount of high-temperature steam gradually accumulate in the containment, and there may be a risk of over-temperature and over-pressure failure of the containment. Therefore, cooling equipment is required to cool the reactor vessel in time. In the prior art, a passive cooling system is often used to cool the reactor vessel, that is, by setting the injection chamber above the pile pit, so that the coolant in the injection chamber can be automatically discharged into the pile pit due to gravity without external power, so as to cool the reactor vessel in the pile pit, so as to improve the reliability of system operation and reduce system failure caused by power failure. However, since there are components such as sensors above the reactor vessel, the reactor vessel cannot be submerged, so that the liquid level height of the coolant in the injection chamber is limited, and personnel intervention is required for refilling in the later stage, which increases the cumbersomeness and wastes manpower. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a passive cooling structure to address the technical problem that the reactor vessel cannot be submerged due to the presence of sensors and other components above the reactor vessel, thereby limiting the liquid level of the coolant in the injection chamber, requiring personnel intervention to replenish the coolant at a later stage, which increases the complexity and wastes manpower.

[0004] A passive cooling structure, comprising:

[0005] A base body is constructed with a cooling cavity and a liquid injection cavity, wherein the cooling cavity and the liquid injection cavity are used to contain a coolant, the cooling cavity is used to communicate with a receiving cavity in a containment vessel, wherein the receiving cavity is used to receive a reactor vessel;

[0006] a first connecting component, comprising a first injection pipeline and a switch valve, wherein the first injection pipeline has a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first inlet is in communication with the injection cavity, and the first outlet is used to communicate with the accommodating cavity, and the height of the first inlet is higher than the height of the first outlet, and the switch valve is installed on the first injection pipeline, and the switch valve is controlled to open so that the coolant in the injection cavity flows into the accommodating cavity via the first injection pipeline, so as to cool the reactor vessel; and

[0007] The second connecting component includes a second injection pipeline and a first pressure switch, the second injection pipeline has a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is connected to the cooling chamber, the second outlet is connected to the injection chamber, the height of the second inlet is higher than the height of the second outlet, the first pressure switch is installed on the second injection pipeline, and the first pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber reaches a first preset value, so that the cooling chamber is connected to the injection chamber.

[0008] In one embodiment, the second communication component further includes a bursting disk, and the bursting disk is configured as the first pressure switch.

[0009] In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure also includes a third connecting component, the third connecting component includes an exhaust pipeline and a second pressure switch, one end of the exhaust pipeline is used to connect to the accommodating chamber, and the other end is connected to the cooling chamber, the second pressure switch is installed on the exhaust pipeline, and the second pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the accommodating chamber reaches a second preset value, so that the accommodating chamber is connected with the cooling chamber.

[0010] In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure also includes a fourth connecting component, the fourth connecting component includes a third injection line and a third pressure switch, the third injection line is connected to the cooling chamber, the third pressure switch is installed on the third injection line, and the third pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber reaches a third preset value to connect the cooling chamber with the outside, wherein the third preset value is greater than the first preset value.

[0011] In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure also includes a fluid infusion tube and a control switch, one end of the fluid infusion tube is connected to the cooling chamber or the injection chamber, and the other end of the fluid infusion tube is used to connect to a mobile cooling source. The control switch is installed on the fluid infusion tube, and the control switch is controlled to be turned on to replenish the coolant through the mobile cooling source.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cooling chamber and the injection chamber are spaced apart in the vertical direction, and the cooling chamber is located above the injection chamber.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the first connecting component further includes a check valve, which is installed on the first injection pipeline, and is used to limit the coolant in the accommodating cavity from entering the injection cavity via the first injection pipeline.

[0014] The present invention also provides a reactor building, which can solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0015] A reactor building comprises the above-mentioned passive cooling structure, and also comprises a containment shell and a reactor vessel. The containment shell is provided with a accommodating cavity, one end of the accommodating cavity is connected to the first outlet, and the other end is used to communicate with the cooling cavity, and the reactor vessel is accommodated in the accommodating cavity.

[0016] In one embodiment, the height of the bottom wall of the liquid injection chamber is lower than the height of the top of the reactor vessel.

[0017] In one embodiment, the accommodating chamber includes a stack pit and a stack protection chamber which are interconnected, the stack pit is located below the stack protection chamber, and the stack pit is connected to the first outlet, the reactor vessel is accommodated in the stack pit, and the stack protection chamber is larger in horizontal direction than the stack pit.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] The passive cooling structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises a base, a first connecting component and a second connecting component; the base is configured with a cooling cavity and a liquid injection cavity, the cooling cavity and the liquid injection cavity are used to contain a coolant, the cooling cavity is used to communicate with a receiving cavity in a containment, wherein the receiving cavity is used to receive a reactor vessel; the first connecting component comprises a first liquid injection pipeline and a switch valve, the first liquid injection pipeline has a first inlet and a first outlet, the first inlet is communicated with the liquid injection cavity, the first outlet is used to communicate with the receiving cavity, the height of the first inlet is higher than the height of the first outlet, the switch valve is installed on the first liquid injection pipeline, and the coolant in the liquid injection cavity flows into the receiving cavity via the first liquid injection pipeline by controlling the switch valve to open, so as to cool the reactor vessel; the second connecting component comprises a second liquid injection pipeline and a first pressure switch, the second liquid injection pipeline has a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is communicated with the cooling cavity, the second outlet is communicated with the liquid injection cavity, the height of the second inlet is higher than the height of the second outlet, the first pressure switch is installed on the second liquid injection pipeline, and the first pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling cavity reaches a first preset value, so that the cooling cavity is communicated with the liquid injection cavity. In the present application, the first injection pipeline has a first inlet and a first outlet, the first inlet is connected to the injection chamber, and the first outlet is used to communicate with the accommodating chamber. The height of the first inlet is higher than the height of the first outlet. The switch valve is installed on the first injection pipeline. After an accident, the switch valve is controlled to open so that the coolant in the injection chamber flows into the accommodating chamber through the first injection pipeline under the action of gravity, thereby realizing cooling of the reactor container in the accommodating chamber after the accident, wherein the coolant in the accommodating chamber vaporizes under the action of high temperature to form high-temperature steam, and enters the cooling chamber. When the pressure value in the cooling chamber reaches a first preset value, the first pressure switch is opened to connect the cooling chamber with the injection chamber, so that the coolant in the cooling chamber can automatically flow into the injection chamber to replenish the injection chamber, and the high-temperature steam flowing in through the accommodating chamber is liquefied into coolant under the cooling of the cooling chamber, and also flows into the injection chamber for recycling, that is, no human intervention is required for a long time, the process is simplified, manpower and material resources are saved, and the reliability of the passive cooling structure is improved.

[0020] The present invention also provides a reactor building, comprising the above-mentioned passive cooling structure, and also comprising a containment shell and a reactor vessel, wherein a housing cavity is constructed in the containment shell, one end of the housing cavity is connected to the first outlet, and the other end is used to communicate with the cooling cavity, and the reactor vessel is accommodated in the housing cavity. The reactor building can achieve at least one of the above-mentioned technical effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a reactor building provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure Number:

[0023] 100-containment shell; 110-accommodation chamber; 111-pile pit; 112-pile protection chamber; 113-step wall; 120-pile body support member; 121-flow channel; 130-installation groove; 140-groove; 200-base; 210-cooling chamber; 220-liquid injection chamber; 230-first through hole; 240-installation chamber; 300-first connecting component; 310-first liquid injection pipeline; 320-switch valve; 330-first inlet ; 340-first outlet; 350-check valve; 400-second connecting component; 410-second injection pipeline; 420-first pressure switch; 430-second inlet; 440-second outlet; 500-third connecting component; 510-exhaust pipeline; 520-second pressure switch; 600-fourth connecting component; 610-third injection pipeline; 620-third pressure switch; 630-connecting seat; 700-reactor vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0029] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0030] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a reactor building provided in one embodiment of the present invention. A passive cooling structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention includes a base 200, a first connecting component 300 and a second connecting component 400; the base 200 is configured with a cooling chamber 210 and a liquid injection chamber 220, the cooling chamber 210 and the liquid injection chamber 220 are used to contain coolant, the cooling chamber 210 is used to communicate with the accommodating chamber 110 in the containment 100, wherein the accommodating chamber 110 is used to accommodate the reactor vessel 700; the first connecting component 300 includes a first liquid injection pipeline 310 and a switch valve 320, the first liquid injection pipeline 310 has a first inlet 330 and a first outlet 340, the first inlet 330 is connected to the liquid injection chamber 220, the first outlet 340 is used to communicate with the accommodating chamber 110, the height of the first inlet 330 is higher than the height of the first outlet 340, the switch valve 320 is installed on the first liquid injection pipeline 310, by controlling the switch valve 320 to open, so that the coolant in the injection chamber 220 flows into the accommodating chamber 110 through the first injection pipeline 310, so as to be used for cooling the reactor container 700; the second connecting component 400, including the second injection pipeline 410 and the first pressure switch 420, the second injection pipeline 410 has a second inlet 430 and a second outlet 440, the second inlet 430 is connected with the cooling chamber 210, the second outlet 440 is connected with the injection chamber 220, the height of the second inlet 430 is higher than the height of the second outlet 440, the first pressure switch 420 is installed on the second injection pipeline 410, and the first pressure switch 420 is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a first preset value, so that the cooling chamber 210 is connected with the injection chamber 220.

[0031] Specifically, in the present application, the first injection line 310 has a first inlet 330 and a first outlet 340, the first inlet 330 is communicated with the injection chamber 220, the first outlet 340 is used to communicate with the accommodating chamber 110, the height of the first inlet 330 is higher than the height of the first outlet 340, the switch valve 320 is installed on the first injection line 310, after the accident, the switch valve 320 is controlled to open, so that the coolant in the injection chamber 220 flows into the accommodating chamber 110 through the first injection line 310 under the action of gravity, thereby realizing the cooling of the reactor vessel 700 in the accommodating chamber 110 after the accident, wherein the coolant in the accommodating chamber 110 It vaporizes under high temperature to form high-temperature steam and enters the cooling chamber 210. When the pressure value in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a first preset value, the first pressure switch 420 is opened to connect the cooling chamber 210 with the injection chamber 220, so that the coolant in the cooling chamber 210 can flow into the injection chamber 220 to replenish the injection chamber 220. The high-temperature steam flowing in through the accommodating chamber 110 is liquefied into coolant under the cooling of the cooling chamber 210 and also flows into the injection chamber 220 for recycling. That is, no human intervention is required for a long time, which simplifies the process, saves manpower and material resources, and improves the reliability of the passive cooling structure.

[0032] Among them, compared with general valves, the present application adopts the setting of the first pressure switch 420, which can realize automatic opening of the first pressure switch 420 without manual opening, further improving the convenience of the passive cooling structure.

[0033] It should be noted that, when the switch valve 320 is opened after an accident, the coolant in the injection chamber 220 can flow into the receiving chamber 110, and the liquid level of the coolant in the injection chamber 220 is balanced with the liquid level of the coolant in the receiving chamber 110. As the coolant in the receiving chamber 110 gradually vaporizes into hot steam, the liquid levels of the coolant in the receiving chamber 110 and the injection chamber 220 will gradually decrease. When the hot steam entering the cooling chamber 210 through the receiving chamber 110 reaches a certain value, and the air pressure in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a first preset value, the first air pressure switch is opened, so that the cooling chamber 210 is connected with the injection chamber 220, so that the coolant in the cooling chamber 210 flows into the injection chamber 220 through the second injection pipeline 410, thereby replenishing the coolant in the injection chamber 220. Since a lot of coolant in the injection chamber 220 has been consumed, the newly added coolant will not cause the high coolant level in the injection chamber 220 to affect the high coolant level in the accommodating chamber 110, thereby preventing the reactor vessel 700 from being flooded.

[0034] It should be noted that the design value of the first preset value is determined according to the amount of steam and condensation entering the cooling chamber 210 from the receiving chamber 110 after the accident. When the liquid level in the injection chamber 220 reaches the minimum liquid level, the pressure and liquid level in the cooling chamber 210 reach the opening pressure setting of the first pressure switch 420. At this time, the coolant in the cooling chamber 210 is injected into the injection chamber 220, thereby continuing to inject liquid into the receiving chamber 110 to remove the residual heat of the core.

[0035] It should be noted that the volume of the water injection chamber is iteratively designed based on parameters such as the requirement of no human intervention for 7 days and the requirement of the maximum submerged liquid in the receiving chamber 110. The volume of the cooling chamber 210 is iteratively calculated based on the amount of evaporation steam after the liquid injection in the receiving chamber 110 is heated, the design pressure of the receiving chamber 110, the cooling requirement of the hot steam, and the water replenishment requirement of the liquid injection chamber 220.

[0036] Furthermore, the first injection pipeline 310 is connected to the lower end of the injection chamber 220 through the first inlet 330, and the first injection pipeline 310 is connected to the bottom end of the accommodating chamber 110 through the first outlet 340, so that the coolant in the injection chamber 220 has sufficient gravitational potential energy to facilitate its introduction into the accommodating chamber 110, thereby reducing the residual coolant in the injection chamber 220 and improving the utilization rate of the coolant.

[0037] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the second connecting component 400 further includes a bursting membrane, which is configured as a first pressure switch 420. When the air pressure in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a first preset value, the bursting membrane will rupture and will not be closed repeatedly, so that the cooling chamber 210 and the liquid injection chamber 220 remain connected. Therefore, the hot steam cooled in the cooling chamber 210 can be continuously introduced into the liquid injection chamber 220 after being cooled into liquid, so that a circulation is formed among the cooling chamber 210, the liquid injection chamber 220 and the accommodating chamber 110, so as to improve the cooling effect and save energy.

[0038] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure further includes a third connecting component 500, which includes an exhaust pipeline 510 and a second pressure switch 520. One end of the exhaust pipeline 510 is used to connect to the accommodating chamber 110, and the other end is connected to the cooling chamber 210. The second pressure switch 520 is installed on the exhaust pipeline 510. The second pressure switch 520 is configured to open when the pressure value in the accommodating chamber 110 reaches a second preset value, so that the accommodating chamber 110 is connected with the cooling chamber 210.

[0039] Specifically, when the pressure value in the accommodation chamber 110 does not reach the second preset value, the second pressure switch 520 is in a closed state, so that the accommodation chamber 110 can be in a sealed state to adapt to the normal reaction of the reactor vessel 700 in the accommodation chamber 110. The second pressure switch 520 is set so that when the reactor vessel 700 is cooled after an accident, the air pressure in the accommodation chamber 110 can be increased according to the high-temperature steam accumulated in the accommodation chamber 110, thereby conveniently triggering the opening of the second pressure switch 520 for pressure relief, so as to ensure the overpressure protection and high-pressure steam cooling of the accommodation chamber 110 after the accident. Among them, the second preset value is determined according to the design pressure of the accommodation chamber 110. Preferably, the second pressure switch 520 is a bursting membrane.

[0040] Furthermore, the second injection pipeline 410 is connected to the lower end of the cooling chamber 210 through the second inlet 430, and the second injection pipeline 410 is connected to the top of the injection chamber 220 through the second outlet 440, so that the coolant in the cooling chamber 210 has sufficient gravitational potential energy to facilitate its introduction into the injection chamber 220, thereby reducing the residual coolant in the cooling chamber 210 and improving the utilization rate of the coolant.

[0041] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure also includes a fourth connecting component 600, the fourth connecting component 600 includes a third injection pipeline 610 and a third pressure switch 620, the third injection pipeline 610 is connected to the cooling chamber 210, the third pressure switch 620 is installed on the third injection pipeline 610, and the third pressure switch 620 is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a third preset value, so that the cooling chamber 210 is connected to the outside, wherein the third preset value is greater than the first preset value.

[0042] Specifically, when the accumulated steam in the cooling chamber 210 increases and the air pressure increases, the third pressure switch 620 can be automatically opened, so as to facilitate the discharge of steam to the outside, so as to ensure safety and improve the reliability of the passive cooling structure. When all the coolant in the injection chamber 220 evaporates with heat, the third pressure switch 620 is opened to discharge the hot steam in the cooling chamber 210 to ensure the safety of the containment shell 100. The third preset value is determined according to the steam pressure of all the coolant in the injection chamber 220 and the cooling chamber 210 entering the cooling chamber 210 after all the coolant is heated. Preferably, the third pressure switch 620 is a bursting membrane.

[0043] The third preset value is greater than the first preset value, so that when the accumulated steam in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a certain value, the second pressure switch 520 is opened first.

[0044] See also Figure 1In one embodiment, the passive cooling structure also includes a fluid replenishment tube and a control switch. One end of the fluid replenishment tube is connected to the cooling chamber 210 or the injection chamber 220, and the other end of the fluid replenishment tube is used to connect to a mobile cooling source. The control switch is installed on the fluid replenishment tube. The control switch is turned on to replenish the coolant through the mobile cooling source, thereby achieving continuous water replenishment after an accident and ensuring long-term preheating discharge.

[0045] Furthermore, the third injection line 610 is configured as a liquid infusion tube, and the third pressure switch 620 is configured as a control switch, thereby reducing the number of components and simplifying the structure. The fourth connecting assembly 600 further includes a connecting seat 630, which is connected to an end of the third injection line 610 away from the cooling chamber 210. The connecting seat 630 is configured to connect a mobile cooling source when the third pressure switch 620 is turned on, so as to pass coolant into the cooling chamber 210. Preferably, the connecting seat 630 is a connecting flange.

[0046] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the cooling chamber 210 and the injection chamber 220 are spaced apart in the vertical direction, and the cooling chamber 210 is located above the injection chamber 220, thereby reducing the volume of the passive cooling structure in the vertical direction, reducing the footprint of the passive cooling structure, and miniaturizing the passive cooling structure.

[0047] Furthermore, a first through hole 230 communicating with the injection chamber 220 is provided on the wall of the cooling chamber 210, the second injection pipeline 410 is connected to the wall of the first through hole 230 and partially extends into the injection chamber 220, and the first pressure switch 420 is installed on the portion of the second injection pipeline 410 extending into the injection chamber 220.

[0048] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the first connecting component 300 also includes a check valve 350, which is installed on the first injection pipeline 310. The check valve 350 is used to limit the coolant in the accommodating chamber 110 from entering the injection chamber 220 via the first injection pipeline 310, thereby ensuring that the pressure increase in the accommodating chamber 110 caused by the hot steam generated after the injection of coolant after an accident will not cause the coolant to flow back, thereby improving the reliability of the passive cooling structure.

[0049] Furthermore, a mounting cavity 240 is provided on the base body 200 , the first liquid injection pipeline 310 is accommodated in the mounting cavity 240 , and the switch valve 320 and the reverse flow valve are both installed in the mounting cavity 240 .

[0050] See also Figure 1An embodiment of the present invention further provides a reactor building, including the above-mentioned passive cooling structure, and also including a containment vessel 100 and a reactor vessel 700. The containment vessel 100 is provided with a housing chamber 110, one end of the housing chamber 110 is connected to the first outlet 340, and the other end is used to communicate with the cooling chamber 210, and the reactor vessel 700 is accommodated in the housing chamber 110.

[0051] Specifically, when the pressure value in the cooling chamber 210 reaches a first preset value, the first pressure switch 420 is opened to connect the cooling chamber 210 with the injection chamber 220, so that the coolant in the cooling chamber 210 can automatically flow into the injection chamber 220 to replenish the injection chamber 220, and the high-temperature steam flowing in through the accommodating chamber 110 is liquefied into coolant under the cooling of the cooling chamber 210, and also flows into the injection chamber 220 for recycling, that is, no human intervention is required for a long time, which simplifies the process, saves manpower and material resources, and improves the reliability of the reactor building.

[0052] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the height of the bottom wall of the injection cavity 220 is lower than the height of the top of the reactor vessel 700 contained in the accommodating cavity 110, so that when the first pressure switch 420 and the second pressure switch 520 are both turned on and the air pressure in the injection cavity 220 is the same as that in the accommodating cavity 110, the coolant in the accommodating cavity 110 can be prevented from flooding the top of the reactor vessel 700, thereby improving the reliability of the reactor building. It should be noted that in the process of replenishing the coolant in the injection cavity 220 by moving the cooling source, the height of the coolant in the injection cavity 220 is lower than the height of the top of the reactor vessel 700.

[0053] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the accommodating chamber 110 includes a stack pit 111 and a stack protection chamber 112 which are interconnected. The stack pit 111 is located below the stack protection chamber 112, and the stack pit 111 is connected to the first outlet 340. The reactor vessel 700 is accommodated in the stack pit 111 and partially extends into the stack protection chamber 112. The stack protection chamber 112 is larger in horizontal direction than the stack pit 111, so that there is enough space in the stack protection chamber 112 to accommodate high-temperature steam, thereby improving the reliability of the reactor building.

[0054] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the reactor building further includes a reactor body support 120, and a step wall 113 is provided between the reactor protection chamber 112 and the reactor pit 111, and the reactor body support 120 is installed on the step wall 113. The reactor body support 120 is used to support the reactor vessel 700 so that there is a gap between the bottom wall of the accommodating cavity 110 and the reactor vessel 700, so that there is enough space to accommodate the coolant, thereby improving the reliability of the reactor building.

[0055] Furthermore, the reactor body support 120 is annular, thereby improving the reliability of supporting the reactor vessel 700. The reactor body support 120 has a flow channel 121, and the two ends of the flow channel 121 are respectively connected to the reactor pit 111 and the reactor protection chamber 112, so that the coolant in the reactor pit 111 enters the reactor protection chamber 112 through the flow channel 121.

[0056] Furthermore, the reactor building also includes a shear-resistant member. A mounting groove 130 is provided on the step wall 113. The mounting groove 130 is connected to the reactor pit 111 and the flow channel 121. The shear-resistant member is installed in the mounting groove 130 and connected to the reactor body support member 120 to reduce the transmission of force under earthquake conditions.

[0057] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, a groove 140 is provided on the inner wall of the reactor pit 111 in a circumferential direction, so as to increase the gap between the inner wall of the reactor pit 111 and the side of the reactor vessel 700 to accommodate sufficient coolant, thereby improving the cooling effect on the reactor vessel 700 and facilitating the coolant located below the reactor vessel 700 to be introduced into the flow channel 121 through the gap.

[0058] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A passive cooling structure, characterized in that: The passive cooling structure comprises: A base body is constructed with a cooling cavity and a liquid injection cavity, wherein the cooling cavity and the liquid injection cavity are used to contain a coolant, the cooling cavity is used to communicate with a receiving cavity in a containment vessel, wherein the receiving cavity is used to receive a reactor vessel; a first connecting component, comprising a first injection pipeline and a switch valve, wherein the first injection pipeline has a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first inlet is in communication with the injection cavity, and the first outlet is used to communicate with the accommodating cavity, and the height of the first inlet is higher than the height of the first outlet, and the switch valve is installed on the first injection pipeline, and the switch valve is controlled to open so that the coolant in the injection cavity flows into the accommodating cavity via the first injection pipeline, so as to cool the reactor vessel; and The second connecting component includes a second injection pipeline and a first pressure switch, the second injection pipeline has a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is connected to the cooling chamber, the second outlet is connected to the injection chamber, the height of the second inlet is higher than the height of the second outlet, the first pressure switch is installed on the second injection pipeline, and the first pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber reaches a first preset value, so that the cooling chamber is connected to the injection chamber.

2. The passive cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second communication assembly further includes a bursting disk configured as the first pressure switch.

3. The passive cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive cooling structure also includes a third connecting component, which includes an exhaust pipeline and a second pressure switch. One end of the exhaust pipeline is used to connect to the accommodating chamber, and the other end is connected to the cooling chamber. The second pressure switch is installed on the exhaust pipeline. The second pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the accommodating chamber reaches a second preset value, so that the accommodating chamber is connected with the cooling chamber.

4. The passive cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive cooling structure also includes a fourth connecting component, which includes a third injection line and a third pressure switch. The third injection line is connected to the cooling chamber, and the third pressure switch is installed on the third injection line. The third pressure switch is configured to open when the pressure value in the cooling chamber reaches a third preset value, so that the cooling chamber is connected to the outside, wherein the third preset value is greater than the first preset value.

5. The passive cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The passive cooling structure also includes a fluid infusion tube and a control switch, one end of the fluid infusion tube is connected to the cooling chamber or the injection chamber, and the other end of the fluid infusion tube is used to connect to a mobile cooling source. The control switch is installed on the fluid infusion tube, and the control switch is controlled to be turned on to replenish the coolant through the mobile cooling source.

6. The passive cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cooling cavity and the liquid injection cavity are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the cooling cavity is located above the liquid injection cavity.

7. The passive cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first connecting component also includes a check valve, which is installed on the first injection pipeline and is used to limit the coolant in the accommodating chamber from entering the injection chamber via the first injection pipeline.

8. A reactor building, characterized in that: It comprises the passive cooling structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and also comprises a containment shell and a reactor vessel, wherein a accommodating cavity is constructed in the containment shell, one end of the accommodating cavity is connected to the first outlet, and the other end is used to communicate with the cooling cavity, and the reactor vessel is accommodated in the accommodating cavity.

9. The reactor building according to claim 8, characterized in that: The height of the bottom wall of the liquid injection cavity is lower than the height of the top of the reactor vessel.

10. The reactor building according to claim 8, characterized in that: The accommodating chamber includes a stack pit and a stack protection chamber which are interconnected. The stack pit is located below the stack protection chamber and is connected to the first outlet. The reactor vessel is accommodated in the stack pit, and the stack protection chamber is larger in horizontal dimension than the stack pit.

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