A waveguide phase shifter

Abstract

The application discloses a waveguide phase shifter, which comprises a waveguide main body, a first wave groove arranged on one side of the inner wall of the waveguide main body, and a second wave groove arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the waveguide main body. The first wave groove and the second wave groove are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the waveguide main body. The first wave groove and the second wave groove are both composed of a plurality of arc-shaped wave groove pieces arranged in a row, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped wave groove piece is connected with the inner wall of the waveguide main body. The application can achieve better impedance matching, wider bandwidth and lower standing wave by arranging double wave grooves on the inner wall of the circular waveguide main body and adopting the special design that the height of the wave groove gradually changes in a sinusoidal function at the two ends and is constant in the middle. The application has low processing requirements and low cost, and has a high relative bandwidth, and can meet the application of antenna wide frequency band in satellite communication, radio astronomy and wideband reconnaissance reception.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and particularly relates to a waveguide phase shifter. BACKGROUND

[0002] Circular polarization and linear polarization are two different forms of electromagnetic wave polarization. Signals with linear polarization are prone to multipath fading and polarization rotation when propagating through the ionosphere (such as satellite communication), thereby reducing the polarization efficiency at the receiving end. Therefore, circularly polarized waves are generally used in systems in the fields of astronomy, electronic countermeasures, television broadcasting, satellite communication, and telemetry and remote sensing.

[0003] Circularly polarized waves can be generated by a circular polarizer. The circular polarizer is generally composed of a 90° phase shifter and a quadrature mode coupler, wherein the performance of the phase shifter directly affects the axial ratio of the circular polarizer, and the axial ratio is an important factor limiting the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0004] At present, the waveguide phase shifters commonly used are as follows:

[0005] (1) Ridge waveguide type: two rows of ridges are arranged inside the waveguide, and the phase constant of two orthogonal polarized waves is changed by adjusting the width and height of the ridges, thereby changing the phase difference between them. It is mainly applied in circular waveguide, and the bandwidth is relatively limited, at most 15% to 20%.

[0006] (2) Screw adjustment type: a screw is inserted into the waveguide wall, and the propagation constant of two orthogonal polarized waves is changed by adjusting the screw to achieve the effect of phase shift. It has the advantages of low cost and small insertion loss, but the bandwidth is small (within 15%), and the debugging workload is large.

[0007] (3) Dielectric insert type: a dielectric sheet is inserted into the waveguide wall, and the propagation constant of two orthogonal polarized waves is changed by adjusting the dielectric sheet to achieve the effect of phase shift. It is mainly applied in circular waveguide, and the debugging is simple, but the bandwidth is relatively narrow (within 25%), and the dielectric loss is large.

[0008] (4) Corrugated type: corrugations are arranged inside the waveguide. Due to the existence of the corrugations, the transmission environment of the waveguide changes, thereby changing the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave. In the case that the transmission path length is unchanged, the transmission electric length changes, thereby forming a phase difference. The existing four-corrugated phase shifter has a relatively wide bandwidth (up to 35%), but it has high requirements for the processing precision and symmetry of the corrugations. In comparison, the double-corrugated phase shifter is relatively simple to process, but its bandwidth is not as good as that of the four-corrugated phase shifter.

[0009] With the rapid development of satellite communication technology and radio astronomy telescope technology, the demand for wideband operation is becoming more and more urgent. How to provide a waveguide phase shifter with wider bandwidth and convenient processing and debugging has become a difficult problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field. SUMMARY

[0010] The embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide phase shifter, which solves the technical problems that the phase shifter with wider bandwidth has high processing requirements, and the phase shifter with simple processing has insufficient bandwidth, and achieves the technical effect of wider bandwidth and convenient processing.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide phase shifter, which comprises:

[0012] A waveguide main body, wherein the waveguide main body is a circular waveguide;

[0013] A first corrugation is arranged on one side of the inner wall of the waveguide main body;

[0014] A second corrugation is arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the waveguide main body;

[0015] The first corrugation and the second corrugation are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the waveguide main body;

[0016] The first corrugation and the second corrugation are both arranged by a plurality of arc-shaped corrugated sheets, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped corrugated sheet is connected with the inner wall of the waveguide main body.

[0017] Preferably, the first corrugation and the second corrugation both comprise an equal-height corrugation group arranged in the middle and a gradient corrugation group arranged on both sides of the equal-height corrugation group, and the gradient corrugation groups on both sides are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the equal-height corrugation group.

[0018] Preferably, the heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the equal-height corrugation group are equal;

[0019] The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the gradient corrugation group gradually increase from the waveguide port to the center of the waveguide until the same as the height of the equal-height corrugation group.

[0020] Preferably, the heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the gradient corrugation group satisfy the sinusoidal function gradient distribution, and specifically as follows:

[0021] h(i)=h*sin(i*π / 10)

[0022] From the waveguide port to the center of the waveguide, the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are sequentially arranged as 1, 2, …, n, n is a positive integer; h(i) represents the height of the i-th arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the gradient corrugation group, i is a positive integer not greater than n; and h is the height of the arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the equal-height corrugation group.

[0023] Preferably, the surface opposite to the arc surface of the arc-shaped corrugated sheet is a flat surface, and the flat surface is arranged to face the central axis of the waveguide body.

[0024] Preferably, the thicknesses of all the arc-shaped corrugated sheets of the first corrugation and the second corrugation are equal.

[0025] Preferably, all the arc-shaped corrugated sheets of the first corrugation and the second corrugation are arranged at equal intervals; and / or

[0026] The arc-shaped corrugated sheets of the first corrugation are arranged along a straight line, and the arc-shaped corrugated sheets of the second corrugation are arranged along a straight line.

[0027] Preferably, the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are integrally connected with the inner wall of the waveguide body.

[0028] Preferably, the waveguide body is a hollow metal pipe, and the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are metal sheets.

[0029] Preferably, the first corrugation and the second corrugation each include 28 arc-shaped corrugated sheets, wherein the equal-height corrugated group includes 4 arc-shaped corrugated sheets, and the gradient corrugated groups on both sides each include 12 arc-shaped corrugated sheets.

[0030] Preferably, the radius of the waveguide body is 0.531λ, the width of all the arc-shaped corrugated sheets is 0.042λ, the interval between adjacent arc-shaped corrugated sheets is 0.087λ, the height of the highest arc-shaped corrugated sheet is 0.092λ, and λ is the air wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

[0031] The waveguide phase shifter provided by the embodiment of the present application can achieve better impedance matching and thus wider bandwidth and lower standing wave by arranging double corrugations on the inner wall of the circular waveguide body and adopting a special design that the corrugation height gradually changes in a sine function at both ends and is equal in the middle.

[0032] Compared with the existing four-corrugation type phase shifter, the waveguide phase shifter provided by the embodiment of the present application has greatly reduced processing precision and symmetry requirement and greatly reduced cost, and can also have a relatively high relative bandwidth, the working frequency is 77-116GHz, the relative bandwidth can reach 40%, the phase imbalance is ±6.7°, the corresponding axial ratio is less than 1dB, and the waveguide phase shifter can meet the application requirements of antenna wide frequency band such as satellite communication, radio astronomy and wideband reconnaissance reception. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0034] Figure 1A perspective view of a waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A side view of a waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 A front sectional view of a waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 A top sectional view of a waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 A phase difference in a frequency range of 77-116 GHz of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment is obtained by HFSS simulation;

[0039] Figure 6 A horizontal polarization standing wave in a frequency range of 77-116 GHz of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment is obtained by HFSS simulation;

[0040] Figure 7 A vertical polarization standing wave in a frequency range of 77-116 GHz of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment is obtained by HFSS simulation.

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present application have been shown through the above-described drawings, and will be described in more detail hereinafter. The drawings and the written description are not intended to restrict the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide phase shifter, which solves the technical problem that the phase shifter with a wide bandwidth in the prior art requires high processing, and the phase shifter with simple processing has a narrow bandwidth, and achieves the technical effect of a wide bandwidth and convenient processing.

[0043] In order to better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0044] Figures 1-4 A structural schematic diagram of a waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present application, the waveguide phase shifter comprises:

[0045] A waveguide body 1, the waveguide body 1 is a circular waveguide;

[0046] The first corrugation 2 is arranged on one side of the inner wall of the waveguide body 1.

[0047] The second corrugation 3 is arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the waveguide body 1.

[0048] The first corrugation 2 and the second corrugation 3 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the waveguide body 1.

[0049] The first corrugation 2 and the second corrugation 3 are both composed of a plurality of arc-shaped corrugated pieces arranged, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped corrugated piece is connected with the inner wall of the waveguide body 1.

[0050] Preferably, the waveguide body 1 is a hollow cylindrical metal pipe, the arc-shaped corrugated piece is a metal piece, and the arc-shaped corrugated piece is integrally connected with the inner wall of the waveguide body 1. Exemplarily, numerical control machining can be used for integral molding.

[0051] Specifically, the surface opposite to the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped corrugated piece is a plane, and the plane is arranged towards the central axis of the waveguide body 1. The arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the first corrugation 2 and the corresponding arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the second corrugation 3 are oppositely and parallelly arranged.

[0052] The thicknesses of all the arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the first corrugation 2 are equal, and each arc-shaped corrugated piece is equidistantly arranged along a straight line.

[0053] The thicknesses of all the arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the second corrugation 3 are equal, and each arc-shaped corrugated piece is equidistantly arranged along a straight line.

[0054] The thicknesses of the arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the first corrugation 2 and the arc-shaped corrugated pieces of the second corrugation 3 are equal, and they are symmetrically arranged one by one.

[0055] Further, the waveguide body 1 is respectively provided with a first waveguide port 11 and a second waveguide port 12 at two ends.

[0056] The first corrugation 2 is composed of a first equal-height corrugation group 21 arranged in the middle and a first gradual-change corrugation group 22 and a second gradual-change corrugation group 23 arranged on both sides. The first gradual-change corrugation group 22 is close to the side of the first waveguide port 11, the second gradual-change corrugation group 23 is close to the side of the second waveguide port 12, and the first equal-height corrugation group 21 is located between the first gradual-change corrugation group 22 and the second gradual-change corrugation group 23. The first gradual-change corrugation group 22 and the second gradual-change corrugation group 23 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the first equal-height corrugation group 21.

[0057] The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the first equal-height corrugated group 21 are equal. The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the first gradually-changing corrugated group 22 gradually increase from the first waveguide port 11 to the center of the waveguide until the heights are the same as those of the first equal-height corrugated group 21. The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the second gradually-changing corrugated group 23 gradually increase from the second waveguide port 12 to the center of the waveguide until the heights are the same as those of the first equal-height corrugated group 21.

[0058] Correspondingly, the second corrugation 3 is composed of a second equal-height corrugated group 31 arranged in the middle and third and fourth gradually-changing corrugated groups 32 and 33 arranged on the two sides. The third gradually-changing corrugated group 32 is close to the first waveguide port 11, the fourth gradually-changing corrugated group 33 is close to the second waveguide port 12, and the second equal-height corrugated group 31 is between the third and fourth gradually-changing corrugated groups 32 and 33.

[0059] The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the second equal-height corrugated group 31 are equal. The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the third gradually-changing corrugated group 32 gradually increase from the first waveguide port 11 to the center of the waveguide until the heights are the same as those of the second equal-height corrugated group 31. The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the fourth gradually-changing corrugated group 33 gradually increase from the second waveguide port 12 to the center of the waveguide until the heights are the same as those of the second equal-height corrugated group 31.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the first gradually-changing corrugated group 22 satisfy a sinusoidal function gradually-changing distribution, specifically as follows:

[0061] h(i) = h * sin(i * π / 10)

[0062] Suppose that from the first waveguide port 11 to the center of the waveguide, the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are sequentially arranged as 1, 2, …, n, where n is a positive integer. h(i) represents the height of the i-th arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the first gradually-changing corrugated group, where i is a positive integer not greater than n; and h represents the height of the arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the first equal-height corrugated group.

[0063] Similarly, the heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the second, third and fourth gradually-changing corrugated groups 23, 32 and 33 also satisfy the above-mentioned sinusoidal function gradually-changing distribution. The second gradually-changing corrugated group 23 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the first equal-height corrugated group 21. The third gradually-changing corrugated group 32 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the second equal-height corrugated group 31. The fourth gradually-changing corrugated group 33 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the second equal-height corrugated group 31.

[0064] The waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiments of the present application uses a linearly polarized wave as an input wave, and when the linearly polarized wave is incident into the waveguide phase shifter at an angle of 45° with respect to the corrugation, the linearly polarized wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with the same amplitude and in phase, and the two linearly polarized waves are perpendicular to the corrugation and parallel to the corrugation, respectively. The horizontal polarized wave parallel to the corrugation is not affected by the corrugation, and the vertical polarized wave perpendicular to the corrugation changes the propagation constant due to the corrugation. Finally, two polarized waves with a certain phase difference are obtained at the output end of the waveguide phase shifter, and when the phase difference reaches 90°, the two polarized waves are circularly polarized waves. By designing the number, height, length and thickness of the corrugation, the phase difference between the two polarized waves output by the waveguide can be about 90°, and the circularly polarized wave can be formed.

[0065] The waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiments of the present application sets double corrugations on the inner wall of the cylindrical waveguide main body, and the height of the corrugation is designed to gradually change at both ends and be constant in the middle, so that better impedance matching can be achieved, thereby achieving a wider bandwidth and a lower standing wave.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment,

[0067] The first corrugation 2 includes 28 arc-shaped corrugation pieces, wherein the first constant-height corrugation group 21 includes 4 arc-shaped corrugation pieces, and the first gradually-changing corrugation group 22 and the second gradually-changing corrugation group 23 each include 12 arc-shaped corrugation pieces.

[0068] The second corrugation 3 is configured in the same way as the first corrugation 2.

[0069] The radius r of the waveguide main body 1 is 0.531λ, wherein λ is the air wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

[0070] The width w of all the arc-shaped corrugation pieces is 0.042λ, the interval p between adjacent arc-shaped corrugation pieces is 0.087λ, and the height h of the highest arc-shaped corrugation piece is 0.092λ.

[0071] Based on the HFSS three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software, the waveguide phase shifter is simulated, and the specific results are as follows:

[0072] Figure 5 The phase difference of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiments of the present application in the frequency band of 77-116 GHz is shown in the figure, wherein the horizontal axis frequency represents the frequency, and the vertical axis phase difference (degree) represents the phase shift angle. Figure 5 It can be seen that the phase imbalance of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiments of the present application in the frequency band of 77-116 GHz is less than 6.7°.

[0073] Figure 6The horizontal polarization standing wave (the horizontal axis frequency represents frequency, and the vertical axis VSWR (H-pol) represents horizontal polarization standing wave) of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment in the frequency range of 77-116 GHz is shown in the following figure: Figure 6 It can be seen that the horizontal polarization standing wave of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment in the frequency range of 77-116 GHz is less than 1.10 dB.

[0074] Figure 7 The vertical polarization standing wave (the horizontal axis frequency represents frequency, and the vertical axis VSWR (V-pol) represents vertical polarization standing wave) of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment in the frequency range of 77-116 GHz is shown in the following figure: Figure 7 It can be seen that the vertical polarization standing wave of the waveguide phase shifter provided in the embodiment in the frequency range of 77-116 GHz is less than 1.12 dB.

[0075] It should be understood that, although the quantity terms “first”, “second” and the like can be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element can be referred to as a second element, and similarly a second element can be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the example embodiments.

[0076] In the present specification and the like, directional terms such as up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, under, upper, lower, above, below, and the like are used for convenience in describing the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments should not be limited by the directional terms. The directional terms are used for the purpose of illustrative purposes and it is understood that the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0077] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited, the terms “mounting”, “connection”, “connecting” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] In addition, the terms “comprising” and “having” and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to those clearly listed steps or units, but can include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0079] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any form or in essence. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, some improvements and supplements can be made without departing from the method of the present application, and these improvements and supplements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, some slight changes, modifications and equivalent variations made by using the disclosed technical content without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application are equivalent embodiments of the present application; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and variations made according to the essential technology of the present application to the above embodiments are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A waveguide phase shifter, characterized in that: include: A waveguide body, wherein the waveguide body is a circular waveguide; A first corrugation is provided on one side of the inner wall of the waveguide body; A second corrugation is provided on the other side of the inner wall of the waveguide body; The first corrugation and the second corrugation are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the waveguide body; The first corrugation and the second corrugation are both composed of a plurality of arc-shaped corrugated sheets arranged in an arranged manner, and the arc-shaped surfaces of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are connected to the inner wall of the waveguide body; The first corrugation and the second corrugation both include a corrugation group of equal height arranged in the middle and a gradient corrugation group arranged on both sides of the corrugation group of equal height, and the gradient corrugation groups on both sides are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the corrugation group of equal height.

2. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The heights of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the equal-height corrugation group are equal; The height of each arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the gradual corrugation group gradually increases from the waveguide port to the waveguide center until it becomes the same as the height of the constant-height corrugation group.

3. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein: The height of the arc-shaped corrugated sheets in the gradient corrugation group satisfies the sinusoidal function gradient distribution, specifically as follows: h(i)=h*sin(i*π / 10) Assume that from the waveguide port to the waveguide center, the arc-shaped corrugated sheets are arranged in sequence as 1, 2...n, where n is a positive integer; h(i) represents the height of the i-th arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the gradient corrugation group, where i is a positive integer not greater than n; h is the height of the arc-shaped corrugated sheet in the equal-height corrugation group.

4. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein On the arc-shaped corrugated sheet, the surface opposite to the arc-shaped surface is a plane, and the plane is arranged facing the central axis of the waveguide body.

5. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein All the arcuate corrugated sheets of the first corrugation and the second corrugation have the same thickness.

6. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The arcuate corrugated sheets of the first corrugation and the second corrugation are arranged at equal distances; and / or The arcuate corrugated sheets of the first corrugation are arranged along a straight line, and the arcuate corrugated sheets of the second corrugation are arranged along a straight line.

7. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The arc-shaped corrugated sheet is integrally connected to the inner wall of the waveguide body; and / or The waveguide body is a hollow metal tube, and the arc-shaped corrugated sheet is a metal sheet.

8. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 3, wherein The first corrugation and the second corrugation each include 28 arcuate corrugated sheets, wherein the equal height corrugation group includes 4 arcuate corrugated sheets, and the gradient corrugation groups on both sides each include 12 arcuate corrugated sheets.

9. The waveguide phase shifter according to claim 3, wherein: The radius of the waveguide body is 0.531λ, the width of all the arc-shaped corrugated sheets is 0.042λ, the intervals between adjacent arc-shaped corrugations are 0.087λ, the height of the highest arc-shaped corrugated sheet is 0.092λ, and λ is the wavelength of air corresponding to the center frequency.

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