Helium separation structure and helium separation method based on nano-porous material

Abstract

The invention relates to a helium separation structure based on a nano-porous material and a separation method thereof, the helium separation structure comprises a nano-porous material adsorbent, the nano-porous material adsorbent comprises at least two layers of nano-porous adsorption structures, the nano-porous adsorption structures comprise metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes, and the metal organic frameworks or the carbon nanotubes are arranged on the nano-porous material adsorbent. The pore size of the metal organic framework or the carbon nano tube is 0.05 nm to 0.5 nm; and the gas distribution device is arranged between two adjacent layers of nano-porous adsorption structures and is used for uniformly distributing gas to be separated and fully contacting the nano-porous material. According to the invention, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the method has the characteristic of low energy consumption; the nano-porous material has good thermal stability and chemical stability, can maintain stable adsorption performance in the long-term use process, reduces the replacement frequency of the adsorbent, reduces the cost, and has the characteristic of high stability; the technological process is relatively simple, easy to control and operate and suitable for large-scale industrial production; and energy is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas separation and purification, and in particular to a helium separation structure and a separation method based on nanoporous materials. Background Art

[0002] Helium is a rare gas with unique physical and chemical properties. It is widely used in aerospace, semiconductor, medical, scientific research and other fields. However, the reserves of helium in nature are very limited. The content in the earth's atmosphere is extremely small, accounting for only about 0.0005% of the air. This makes the extraction and purification technology of helium particularly critical to meet the urgent needs of various industries for high-purity helium.

[0003] At present, commonly used methods for helium purification include cryogenic condensation, adsorption and membrane separation. The cryogenic condensation method is to separate helium from other impurity gases by cooling the helium-containing gas to an extremely low temperature, but this method has high energy consumption, complex equipment, and strict requirements on operating conditions. The adsorption method is to purify helium by selectively adsorbing impurity gases in helium by adsorbents, but traditional adsorbents often have problems such as low adsorption capacity, poor selectivity, and difficulty in regeneration, resulting in the purity and recovery rate of helium being difficult to meet higher requirements. The membrane separation method separates helium based on the difference in permeation rates of different gases in the membrane, but its performance in helium purity and recovery rate is not yet sufficient to meet high-precision requirements.

[0004] With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the growing demand for helium, it is particularly urgent to develop a purification technology that is both efficient and energy-saving and can provide high-purity helium. The emergence of nanoporous materials provides a new idea for solving these problems. Nanoporous materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, precisely adjustable pore size and customizable surface chemical properties, which makes them have great potential in the field of gas adsorption and separation.

[0005] In recent years, research on nanoporous materials in gas adsorption and separation has made significant progress. Nanoporous materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon nanotubes have attracted widespread attention and become a hot topic of research due to their unique structure and properties. Studies have shown that these nanoporous materials can provide a large number of adsorption sites, have excellent selective adsorption capacity for gases, and can meet different adsorption and separation requirements by adjusting the structure and properties of the materials. With the deepening of research, the application prospects of these materials in the field of helium purification are becoming increasingly broad. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing helium separation method and provide a new helium separation structure and separation method based on nanoporous materials. The technical problem to be solved is to at least solve the problems of low adsorption capacity, poor selectivity, and difficulty in regeneration of traditional adsorbents, which lead to the difficulty of helium purity and recovery rate to meet higher requirements and low separation accuracy. It is more suitable for practical use and has industrial utilization value.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. From the above technical scheme, it can be seen that in order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the main technical contents of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] The present invention proposes a helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials, comprising:

[0010] A nanoporous material adsorbent, wherein the nanoporous material adsorbent comprises at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structures, wherein the nanoporous adsorption structures comprise metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes, and the pore size of the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes is 0.05 nm to 0.5 nm;

[0011] The gas distribution device is arranged between two adjacent layers of the nanoporous adsorption structure, and is used to evenly distribute the gas to be separated and fully contact the nanoporous material.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the gaps between the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes are the same as the pore sizes of the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the gas distribution device includes a distributor and a gas redistributor, and the distributor and the gas redistributor are arranged between two adjacent layers of nanoporous adsorption structures.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes in each layer of the nanoporous adsorption structure are arranged in opposite directions.

[0015] On the other hand, a helium separation method based on nanoporous materials is also provided, the method comprising:

[0016] Passing the gas to be separated into an adsorption tower, wherein the gas to be separated contacts with the nanoporous material adsorbent in the adsorption tower to achieve separation;

[0017] When the nanoporous material adsorbent reaches a saturated state, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to desorb the impurity gas on the nanoporous material adsorbent, thereby achieving regeneration of the nanoporous material adsorbent;

[0018] The next round of adsorption separation step is carried out based on the regenerated nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes: obtaining the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent and the gas composition in the adsorption tower;

[0020] When the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent is less than a preset value, or the helium content in the gas components in the adsorption tower is greater than a preset content, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to regenerate the nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the number of the adsorption towers is 2 to 5, and the multiple adsorption towers are connected by pipelines.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the adsorption pressure in the adsorption tower is 0.1MPa-3.0MPa, and the adsorption temperature is 20°C-80°C.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the regeneration temperature of the nanoporous material adsorbent is 50° C. to 150° C., and the regeneration pressure after decompression is 0.01 MPa to 0.2 MPa.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the adsorption tower is heated or decompressed by pulse heating or pulse decompression.

[0025] From the above, it can be seen that the present invention relates to a helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials and a separation method thereof, including: a nanoporous material adsorbent, the nanoporous material adsorbent includes at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structures, wherein the nanoporous adsorption structure includes a metal organic framework or a carbon nanotube, and the pore size of the metal organic framework or the carbon nanotube is 0.05nm~0.5nm; a gas distribution device, which is arranged between two adjacent layers of the nanoporous adsorption structure, and the gas distribution device is used to evenly distribute the gas to be separated and fully contact the nanoporous material.

[0026] The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials and the separation method thereof provided by the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention is based on the setting of a nanoporous material adsorbent including at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structure, and the nanoporous adsorption structure includes a metal organic framework or a carbon nanotube, based on the metal organic framework or the carbon nanotube having a high specific surface area, a precisely adjustable pore size and customizable surface chemical properties. These characteristics enable the nanoporous material to provide a large number of adsorption sites, have a high selective adsorption capacity for helium, and can effectively adsorb impurity gases in helium, such as neon, argon, etc., thereby improving the purity and recovery rate of helium, and having efficient adsorption and separation performance; compared with the traditional low-temperature condensation method, the adsorption and separation process of the helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials provided in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out at room temperature or a relatively low temperature, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and it has the characteristics of low energy consumption; and the nanoporous material has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain stable adsorption performance during long-term use, reducing the frequency of replacement of the adsorbent, reducing the cost, and having the characteristics of high stability; the separation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a relatively simple process, is easy to control and operate, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production; environmental protection and energy saving: the technology reduces pollution to the environment, meets the requirements of environmental protection and energy saving, and has good social benefits.

[0028] In summary, the special helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials and the separation method of the present invention can solve the problems of low adsorption capacity, poor selectivity, and difficulty in regeneration of traditional adsorbents, which lead to the purity and recovery rate of helium being difficult to meet higher requirements and low separation accuracy. It has many advantages and practical value mentioned above, and there is no similar design published or used in similar helium separation methods, so it is indeed innovative. It has great improvements in both helium separation methods and functions, great progress in technology, and produces good and practical effects. It has multiple enhanced functions compared with existing helium separation methods, so it is more suitable for practical use and has wide industrial utilization value. It is truly a novel, progressive and practical new design.

[0029] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows.

[0030] The specific helium separation structure and separation method based on nanoporous materials of the present invention are described in detail in the following embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods of the helium separation structure and separation method based on nanoporous materials proposed by the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the preferred embodiments.

[0032] The embodiment of the present invention provides a helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials, comprising: a nanoporous material adsorbent and a gas distribution device. The nanoporous material adsorbent comprises at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structures, wherein the nanoporous adsorption structure comprises a metal organic framework or a carbon nanotube, and the pore size of the metal organic framework or the carbon nanotube is 0.05nm to 0.5nm; the gas distribution device is arranged between two adjacent layers of the nanoporous adsorption structure, and the gas distribution device is used to evenly distribute the gas to be separated and fully contact the nanoporous material.

[0033] The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention is based on the setting of a nanoporous material adsorbent including at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structure, and the nanoporous adsorption structure includes a metal organic framework or a carbon nanotube, based on the metal organic framework or the carbon nanotube having a high specific surface area, a precisely adjustable pore size and customizable surface chemical properties. These characteristics enable the nanoporous material to provide a large number of adsorption sites, have a high selective adsorption capacity for helium, and can effectively adsorb impurity gases in helium, such as neon, argon, etc., thereby improving the purity and recovery rate of helium, and having efficient adsorption and separation performance; compared with the traditional low-temperature condensation method, the adsorption and separation process of the helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials provided in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out at room temperature or a relatively low temperature, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and it has the characteristics of low energy consumption; and the nanoporous material has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain stable adsorption performance during long-term use, reducing the frequency of replacement of the adsorbent, reducing the cost, and having the characteristics of high stability; the separation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a relatively simple process, is easy to control and operate, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production; environmental protection and energy saving: the technology reduces pollution to the environment, meets the requirements of environmental protection and energy saving, and has good social benefits.

[0034] The helium separation structure and separation method of the nanoporous material provided by the present invention will be further explained and described below through optional embodiments.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the gaps between the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes are the same as the pore sizes of the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes.

[0036] Exemplarily, when the nanoporous adsorption structure is a metal organic framework, there will be gaps between adjacent metal organic frameworks. In order to ensure the adsorption performance of the nanoporous adsorption structure, the gaps between adjacent metal organic frameworks are limited. Furthermore, the applicant has found through experiments that when the gaps between adjacent metal organic frameworks are the same as the pore size of the metal organic frameworks, the adsorption efficiency of the nanoporous adsorption structure is the highest.

[0037] For example, when the nanoporous adsorption structure is a carbon nanotube, there will be gaps between adjacent carbon nanotubes. In order to ensure the adsorption performance of the nanoporous adsorption structure, the gaps between adjacent carbon nanotubes are limited. Furthermore, the applicant has found through experiments that when the gaps between adjacent carbon nanotubes are the same as the pore size of the metal organic framework, the adsorption efficiency of the nanoporous adsorption structure is the highest.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, the gas distribution device includes a distributor and a gas redistributor, and the distributor and the gas redistributor are arranged between two adjacent layers of nanoporous adsorption structures.

[0039] By arranging a distributor and a gas redistributor, helium can be evenly distributed between the nanoporous adsorption structures, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of helium between the nanoporous adsorption structures.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes in each layer of the nanoporous adsorption structure are arranged in opposite directions.

[0041] It can be understood that the gas to be separated enters from the bottom of the adsorption tower and is adsorbed from bottom to bottom. By setting the metal organic framework or carbon nanotube in each layer of the nanoporous adsorption structure in opposite directions, the absorption efficiency of helium can be improved.

[0042] On the other hand, a helium separation method based on nanoporous materials is provided, the method comprising:

[0043] The gas to be separated is introduced into an adsorption tower, where it contacts with the nanoporous material adsorbent to achieve separation.

[0044] When the nanoporous material adsorbent reaches a saturated state, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to desorb the impurity gas on the nanoporous material adsorbent, thereby achieving regeneration of the nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0045] The next round of adsorption separation step is carried out based on the regenerated nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0046] Furthermore, the adsorption tower provided in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an air inlet at the bottom and an air outlet at the top. The gas to be separated enters the adsorption tower from the bottom of the adsorption tower. The adsorption tower is provided with the nanoporous material adsorbent provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The gas to be separated is separated after contacting the nanoporous material adsorbent, and the separated helium is discharged from the top air outlet of the adsorption tower.

[0047] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention can realize the recycling of nanoporous material adsorbents, that is, when the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent is saturated, the pressure in the adsorption tower is reduced by heating and reducing the pressure, or the temperature in the adsorption tower is increased, so as to regenerate the nanoporous material adsorbent to achieve the next adsorption.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes: obtaining the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent and the gas composition in the adsorption tower. When the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent is less than a preset value, or the helium content in the gas composition in the adsorption tower is greater than a preset content, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to regenerate the nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, a helium monitoring device can be set in the adsorption tower to monitor the helium content in the adsorption tower in real time, and then determine the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent. For example, when the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent is less than a preset value (for example, 1 / 5 of the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent), or when the helium content in the gas component in the adsorption tower is greater than a preset content (for example, 1 / 5 of the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent), the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to regenerate the nanoporous material adsorbent.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the number of adsorption towers is 2 to 5, and the multiple adsorption towers are connected by pipelines.

[0051] The number of adsorption towers provided in the embodiment of the present invention is 2 to 5, and the multiple adsorption towers are connected by pipelines, so that adsorption and regeneration of the nanoporous material adsorbent can be performed simultaneously. For example, when the number of adsorption towers is 2, the two adsorption towers are connected by pipelines, one adsorption tower performs adsorption, and the other adsorption tower performs regeneration.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the adsorption pressure in the adsorption tower is 0.1MPa-3.0MPa, and the adsorption temperature is 20°C-80°C.

[0053] Illustratively, the adsorption pressure in the adsorption tower can be 0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 1.1 MPa, 1.2 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 1.6 MPa, 1.8 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.1 MPa, 2.2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 2.8 MPa or 3.0 MPa, and the adsorption temperature can be 20°C, 22°C, 23°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 38°C, 40°C, 44°C, 50°C, 56°C, 60°C, 63°C, 65°C, 66°C, 70°C, 78°C or 80°C, etc.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the regeneration temperature of the nanoporous material adsorbent is 50° C. to 150° C., and the regeneration pressure after decompression is 0.01 MPa to 0.2 MPa.

[0055] Exemplarily, the regeneration temperature of the nanoporous material adsorbent may be 50° C., 56° C., 60° C., 63° C., 65° C., 66° C., 70° C., 78° C., 80° C., 82° C., 83° C., 85° C., 90° C., 95° C., 98° C., 100° C., 114° C., 119° C., 120° C., 130° C., 133° C., 145° C., 146° C., or 150° C., etc. The regeneration pressure after decompression may be 0.01 MPa, 0.2 MPa.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized by pulse heating or pulse decompression.

[0057] The helium separation method of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by specific examples below.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as nanoporous material adsorbents with a pore size of 0.5 nanometers. There are two adsorption towers, and the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The adsorption towers are connected by pipelines. The adsorption pressure of the adsorption tower is 1.5MPa and the adsorption temperature is 50℃. The adsorption regeneration temperature is 100℃, and the pressure after decompression is 0.1MPa. The purity of the purified helium reaches 99.99%, and the helium recovery rate is 92%.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Carbon nanotubes were selected as nanoporous material adsorbents with a pore size of 1 nanometer. Two adsorption towers were set up, and the internal design was a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors were set between each layer to ensure that the gas was evenly distributed and fully contacted with the adsorbent. The two adsorption towers were connected by pipelines. The operating pressure was 2.0MPa and the operating temperature was 60°C. The adsorption regeneration temperature was 120°C and the pressure was reduced to 0.05MPa. Finally, helium with a purity of 99.95% was obtained, and the recovery rate was 90%.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The nanoporous material adsorbent is a specific MOFs with a pore size of 0.8 nanometers. Two adsorption towers are installed, and the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The two adsorption towers are connected by pipelines. The operating pressure is 0.8MPa and the temperature is 40℃. The temperature is 80℃ during adsorption regeneration and the pressure is reduced to 0.08MPa. The purity of the purified helium is 99.92% and the recovery rate is 91%.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Carbon nanotubes are selected as nanoporous material adsorbents with a pore size of 1.5 nanometers. Three adsorption towers are configured, and the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The three adsorption towers are connected by pipelines. The operating pressure is 2.5MPa and the temperature is 70℃. The regeneration temperature is 140℃ and the pressure is reduced to 0.02MPa. Helium with a purity of 99.99% is obtained, and the recovery rate is 92%.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The nanoporous material adsorbent is a new type of MOFs with a pore size of 0.5 nanometers. Four adsorption towers are used, and the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The four adsorption towers are connected in series through pipelines. The operating pressure is 1.0MPa and the temperature is 30℃. The adsorption regeneration temperature is 60℃ and the pressure is reduced to 0.15MPa. The purity of the purified helium is 99.993% and the recovery rate is 93%.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] Select carbon nanotubes with a specific structure and a pore size of 0.5 nanometers. Arrange 4 adsorption towers, the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure, and a distributor and a gas redistributor are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The 4 adsorption towers are connected in series through pipelines. The operating pressure is 1.8MPa and the temperature is 55℃. The regeneration temperature is 90℃ and the pressure is reduced to 0.06MPa. Helium with a purity of 99.997% is obtained, and the recovery rate is 93.5%.

[0070] Example 7

[0071] Optimized MOFs are used as adsorbents with a pore size of 1.2 nanometers. Five adsorption towers are set up, and the internal design is a multi-layer nanoporous adsorption structure. Distributors and gas redistributors are set between each layer to ensure that the gas is evenly distributed and fully contacts the adsorbent. The five adsorption towers are connected in series through pipelines. The operating pressure is 2.8MPa and the temperature is 75℃. The adsorption regeneration temperature is 130℃ and the pressure is reduced to 0.03MPa. The final helium purity is as high as 99.999% and the recovery rate is 94.5%.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials, characterized in that: include: A nanoporous material adsorbent, wherein the nanoporous material adsorbent comprises at least two layers of nanoporous adsorption structures, wherein the nanoporous adsorption structures comprise metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes, and the pore size of the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes is 0.05 nm to 0.5 nm; The gas distribution device is arranged between two adjacent layers of the nanoporous adsorption structure, and is used to evenly distribute the gas to be separated and fully contact the nanoporous material.

2. The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gaps between the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes are the same as the pore sizes of the metal organic frameworks or carbon nanotubes.

3. The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas distribution device comprises a distributor and a gas redistributor, and the distributor and the gas redistributor are arranged between two adjacent layers of nanoporous adsorption structures.

4. The helium separation structure based on nanoporous materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal organic framework or carbon nanotube in each layer of the nanoporous adsorption structure is arranged in opposite directions.

5. A helium separation method based on nanoporous materials, characterized in that: The method comprises: Passing the gas to be separated into an adsorption tower, wherein the gas to be separated contacts with the nanoporous material adsorbent in the adsorption tower to achieve separation; When the nanoporous material adsorbent reaches a saturated state, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to desorb the impurity gas on the nanoporous material adsorbent, thereby achieving regeneration of the nanoporous material adsorbent; The next round of adsorption separation step is carried out based on the regenerated nanoporous material adsorbent.

6. The helium separation method based on nanoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Obtaining the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent and the gas composition in the adsorption tower; When the adsorption capacity of the nanoporous material adsorbent is less than a preset value, or the helium content in the gas components in the adsorption tower is greater than a preset content, the adsorption tower is heated or depressurized to regenerate the nanoporous material adsorbent.

7. The helium separation method based on nanoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the adsorption towers is 2 to 5, and the multiple adsorption towers are connected by pipelines.

8. The helium separation method based on nanoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adsorption pressure in the adsorption tower is 0.1MPa-3.0MPa, and the adsorption temperature is 20°C-80°C.

9. The helium separation method based on nanoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The regeneration temperature of the nanoporous material adsorbent is 50° C. to 150° C., and the regeneration pressure after decompression is 0.01 MPa to 0.2 MPa.

10. The helium separation method based on nanoporous materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adsorption tower is heated or decompressed by pulse heating or pulse decompression.