Nozzle, machining device, and machine tool

Abstract

The invention provides a nozzle, a machining device and a machine tool. A gas-liquid transmission channel is formed in the nozzle, a nozzle inner plug is arranged in the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer peripheral face of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall face of the gas-liquid transmission channel, a plurality of spiral grooves annularly and evenly distributed around a first shaft are formed in the outer peripheral face of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral grooves spirally extend around the first shaft. The rear end of the spiral groove communicates with the gas-liquid transmission channel, and a side opening of the spiral groove is attached to the wall face of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form a gas-liquid transmission branch. Wherein the ratio of the pitch to the depth of the spiral groove is the pitch depth ratio, and the value range of the pitch depth ratio is 0.4-3.0. According to the scheme, the nozzle inner plug is arranged in the nozzle, the medium in the nozzle is atomized through the spiral groove of the nozzle inner plug, and the situation that the workpiece machining quality is affected due to the fact that the nozzle sprays large-particle oil drops is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lathe processing, and in particular to a nozzle, a processing device and a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] Minimum lubrication cutting uses a very small amount of lubricating oil to achieve the lubrication and cooling effect of the cutting area, and has high requirements for the atomization stability and consistency of the mist particles in the atomization process. The existing minimum lubrication atomization methods can be divided into two types: external atomization and internal atomization. Among them, the internal atomization uses a precision atomizer to atomize the lubricating oil into a fine oil mist in the atomization chamber of the minimum lubrication equipment, and transmits it to the nozzle end through the transmission pipeline to achieve minimum lubrication cutting. The internal atomization method has the advantages of good continuity of oil mist supply, simple transmission, no complex moving parts, and easy operation. It is widely used in minimum lubrication cutting. Since the atomized oil mist is mostly a viscous mist flow, the oil mist is very easy to adhere to the pipe wall during the transmission process. When the adhered small particles accumulate on the wall until their own gravity is greater than the adhesion force, the accumulated oil droplets will flow along the pipe wall to the bottom of the pipe. As time accumulates, the oil droplets accumulate more and more, and finally form an oil film flow during the transmission process. Near the nozzle outlet, the deposited oil film forms splashing oil droplets with larger diameters under the action of airflow power and sprays out along the nozzle outlet. Some oil droplets will fall under their own gravity and fail to reach the cutting area, causing oil waste. For some workpieces with high surface quality requirements, the deposition of large oil droplets can easily cause oil residue in local areas of the machined surface, affecting the workpiece processing quality. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present application is to provide a nozzle, a processing device and a machine tool to atomize the oil mist airflow.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a nozzle, which is formed with a gas-liquid transmission channel, wherein a nozzle inner plug is provided in the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner plug is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves uniformly distributed in an annular manner around a first axis, and the spiral grooves extend spirally around the first axis, the spiral grooves penetrate the front end surface and the rear end surface of the nozzle inner plug, the rear end of the spiral grooves is communicated with the gas-liquid transmission channel, the side opening of the spiral groove is fitted by the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form a gas-liquid transmission branch, and the first axis is the axis of the nozzle inner plug;

[0005] Among them, the distance between two corresponding points of two adjacent spiral grooves in the equidiameter direction is the pitch of the spiral groove, the vertical distance from a point on the outlet of the spiral groove to the bottom surface of the spiral groove is the depth of the spiral groove, the ratio of the pitch to the depth is the pitch-to-depth ratio, and the value range of the pitch-to-depth ratio is 0.4 to 3.0.

[0006] Optionally, the angle between the circumferential tangent on the virtual circle at any point in the spiral groove and the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove is the groove geometry angle β, and the spiral groove is configured as follows: a medium flows through the spiral groove, a relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove at any point in the spiral groove is a vector w, a circumferential velocity of the medium rotating around the first axis along the nozzle inner plug at any point in the spiral groove is a vector u, and the angle between the reverse direction of the control vector u and the vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end of the spiral groove toward the front end, wherein the virtual circle at any point has the first axis as the center and passes through the any point, and the virtual circle is located in a plane perpendicular to the first axis.

[0007] Optionally, the spiral groove is further configured such that the vector c is equal to the sum of the vector u and the vector w, and the angle between the vector c and the vector u is α, and the radial component velocity c of the vector c is r and the tangential component velocity c u Meet c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; along the rear end of the spiral groove toward the front end, the α gradually decreases, wherein the vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

[0008] Optionally, the tangent line of the side wall of the spiral groove at any point where it intersects with the front end face of the nozzle inner plug along the spiral direction is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove is further configured as follows: at the intersection of the front end face of the nozzle inner plug and the spiral groove, α=0, c r =0.

[0009] Optionally, the nozzle inner plug is in the shape of a frustum, the portion of the gas-liquid transmission channel corresponding to the nozzle inner plug is also in the shape of a frustum, and the diameter of the front end face of the nozzle inner plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes a transition portion connected to the nozzle inner plug and extending backward, the length of the transition portion is smaller than the nozzle inner plug, there is a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the transition portion and the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, and the diameter of the transition portion gradually decreases from front to back.

[0011] Optionally, the minimum diameter of the transition portion is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove extends spirally around the first axis from the outer circumferential surface of the transition portion to the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug.

[0012] Optionally, the spiral groove spirally extends backward to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a tail portion arranged behind the transition portion and connected to the transition portion, and the diameter of the tail portion is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

[0014] Optionally, the radius of the entire nozzle inner plug is 1.5 to 8.5 mm, the depth of each spiral groove is 1.5 to 4.5 mm, and in a cross section perpendicular to the first axis of the nozzle inner plug, the depth of each spiral groove is equal.

[0015] Optionally, it includes a transmission pipe joint, a nozzle joint and a nozzle sleeve which are connected in sequence from back to front, the gas-liquid transmission channel axially penetrates the transmission pipe joint, the nozzle joint and the nozzle sleeve, and the nozzle inner plug is located at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a processing device, comprising a gas-liquid supply device and the nozzle described in any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the nozzle is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a machine tool, comprising a machine tool body and the processing device described in the second aspect arranged on the machine tool body.

[0018] The present invention provides a nozzle plug in the nozzle, and uses the spiral groove of the nozzle plug to atomize the medium in the nozzle, so as to prevent the nozzle from spraying large oil droplets and affecting the workpiece processing quality. In addition, the section depth ratio δ of the spiral groove is controlled at 0.4 to 3, effectively ensuring the total air outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle plug, ensuring the air outlet volume of the nozzle and the atomization effect in the nozzle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the micro-lubrication method in the prior art.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the spraying situation at the nozzle in the prior art.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle of some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the nozzle shown.

[0023] Figure 5 sectional views of nozzles according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6 Exploded view of a nozzle according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 7-10 They are schematic diagrams of the structure of the nozzle inner plug disclosed in the present invention at different angles.

[0026] Fig.11 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of the M part in .

[0027] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Velocity decomposition diagram of the medium at position H in .

[0028] Fig.13 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of part N in .

[0029] Fig.14 for Fig.13 Velocity decomposition diagram of the medium at position I in the figure.

[0030] Fig.15 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle plug at another angle.

[0031] Fig.16 and Fig.17 They are schematic diagrams of the structures of the transition parts of some embodiments of the present disclosure at different angles.

[0032] Fig.18 and Fig.19 They are schematic diagrams of the structures of the tail of some embodiments of the present disclosure at different angles.

[0033] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the nozzle inner plug, transition part and tail part are combined in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.21 This is a velocity decomposition diagram of the medium in the spiral groove in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig. 22 This is a velocity decomposition diagram of the medium in the spiral groove in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig.23 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle inner plug in some other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig.24 for Fig.23 Enlarged view of part O in FIG.

[0038] Fig.25Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle inner plug in other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig.26 for Fig.25 Enlarged view of the Q section in .

[0040] Fig. 27 for Fig.25 Enlarged view of the R part in .

[0041] Fig.28 Velocity decomposition diagram of the medium in the spiral groove.

[0042] Markings in the figure: 1000, nozzle; 120, nozzle plug; 121, front end face of nozzle plug; 122, rear end face of nozzle plug; 123, spiral groove; 1231, side wall; 1232, bottom wall; 1233, first groove; 1234, side opening; 124, convex rib; 130, transition part; 140: tail; 200, transmission pipe joint; 300, nozzle joint; 400, nozzle jacket; 500, sealing ring; 600, gas-liquid transmission channel; 610, first channel; 620, second channel; 630, third channel; 910, atomizer; 920, oil mist; 930, lubricating oil; 940, air inlet; 950, atomizing nozzle; 960, end nozzle; 970, tool; 980, workpiece; 981, chips;

[0043] p, pitch; L, depth; β, groove geometry angle; D1, first direction; D2, second direction; D3, third direction; D4, fourth direction; Z0, first axis; Z, front-back direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] For better understanding and implementation, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "far", "near", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0047] Existing micro-lubrication atomization methods can be divided into two types: external atomization and internal atomization. The main feature of the external atomization method is to deliver a fixed amount of micro-lubricating oil to the nozzle outlet and use compressed air to atomize it into fine mist particles. Different from the external atomization method, the internal atomization method uses a precision atomizer to atomize the lubricating oil into fine oil mist in the atomization chamber of the micro-lubrication equipment, and transmit it to the nozzle end through the transmission pipeline to achieve micro-lubrication cutting processing. Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the lubricating oil is placed at the bottom of the atomizer 910, and is transported to the atomizing nozzle 950 through the internal pipe. The atomizing nozzle is connected to the outside through the air inlet 940, so the lubricating oil 930 and the outside air can be transported to the atomizing nozzle to complete the atomization of the lubricating oil 930 to form oil mist 920. The oil mist 920 is transported to the end nozzle 960 through the pipe, and then sprayed by the end nozzle 960 to the tool 970 and the workpiece 980, so that the tool 970 can cut the workpiece 980. During the cutting process, the workpiece 980 will generate chips 981.

[0048] Although the built-in atomization method has the advantages of good continuity of oil mist supply, simple transmission, no complex moving parts, and easy operation. However, since the atomized oil mist is mostly viscous mist flow, the oil mist is very easy to adhere to the pipe wall during the transmission process. When the adhered small particles accumulate on the wall and their own gravity is greater than the adhesion force, the accumulated oil droplets will flow along the pipe wall to the bottom of the pipe. As time accumulates, the oil droplets accumulate more and more, and finally an oil film flow is formed during the transmission process. Near the outlet of the nozzle 1000, the deposited oil film forms splashing oil droplets under the action of the airflow force and is sprayed out along the outlet of the nozzle 1000, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure. Since the splashing oil droplets have a large diameter, they will fall under their own gravity and fail to reach the cutting area, causing oil waste. For some workpieces with high surface quality requirements, the deposition of large oil droplets can easily cause oil residue in local areas of the machined surface, affecting the workpiece processing quality.

[0049] In addition, the applicant has found that the nozzles 1000 used in the micro-lubrication processing method of the built-in atomization method are mostly straight-through nozzles 1000, which cannot eliminate the impact of the splashing oil droplets. In order to effectively solve the above problem, the present invention proposes a new type of micro-lubrication atomization nozzle 1000.

[0050] Specifically, due to the need for processing, the internal structure of the traditional straight-through nozzle 1000 cannot avoid the existence of steps. When the fine oil mist passes through the transmission pipeline to the nozzle 1000 and is sprayed out, it will adhere to the pipe wall to form an oil film. In addition, there are certain steps in the internal structure of the nozzle 1000. The oil mist or oil film is very easy to accumulate on the steps. When the oil mist is sprayed out through the nozzle 1000, it is easy to form large oil droplets and cannot be completely atomized, resulting in a waste of micro-lubricating oil and affecting the micro-lubrication processing effect.

[0051] For this reason, Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, the present disclosure provides a nozzle 1000, which is formed with a gas-liquid transmission channel 600, in which a nozzle inner plug 120 is provided, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is fitted / abutted against the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves 123 evenly distributed around the first axis Z0, and the spiral grooves 123 extend spirally around the first axis Z0, and the spiral grooves 123 penetrate the front end face 121 and the rear end face of the nozzle inner plug, and the rear end of the spiral groove 123 is connected with the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the side opening 1234 of the spiral groove 123 is fitted by the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 to form a gas-liquid transmission branch. The gas-liquid transmission branch is mainly used for medium circulation, and because the side opening 1234 of the spiral groove 123 is fitted by the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the medium is prevented from leaving the side opening 1234 of the spiral groove 123, thereby forming a gas-liquid transmission branch to better transmit the medium. The gas-liquid transmission branch should be a part of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, which can be formed by the spiral groove 123 and the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and is used to guide the flow of the medium.

[0052] In addition, the first axis Z0 is the same as the extension direction of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the first axis Z0 extends along the front-back direction Z. In addition, the first axis Z0 is the axis of the nozzle inner plug 120. The front-back direction Z is marked in the figure, wherein the arrow points forward.

[0053] The distance between two corresponding points of two adjacent spiral grooves 123 in the equal diameter direction is the pitch p of the spiral groove 123, and the vertical distance from a point on the outlet of the spiral groove 123 to the bottom surface of the spiral groove 123 is the depth L of the spiral groove 123. Figure 7 and Figure 8, the ratio of the pitch p to the depth L is the pitch-to-depth ratio δ, and the value range of the pitch-to-depth ratio δ is 0.4 to 3.0. It should be noted that the outlet of the spiral groove 123 is located at the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug, and the inlet of the spiral groove 123 is located at the rear end face 122 of the nozzle inner plug. It should be noted that the isodiametric direction refers to the circumferential direction of a virtual circle passing through the point with the first axis Z0 as the center on a cross section perpendicular to the first axis. Since the distances from each point of the virtual circle to the first axis Z0 are equal, it is called the isodiametric direction.

[0054] For more details, see Figure 3-Figure 6 , the nozzle 1000 includes a transmission pipe joint 200, a nozzle joint 300 and a nozzle jacket 400 connected in sequence from back to front. A gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is provided in the nozzle 1000, which axially penetrates the transmission pipe joint 200, the nozzle joint 300 and the nozzle jacket 400. The nozzle inner plug 120 is located in the nozzle jacket 400 and in front of the nozzle joint 300. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is fitted / abutted against the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 located in the nozzle jacket 400. The transmission pipe joint 200 is used to connect with the transmission pipe. After the liquid atomization is mixed with the gas, it can reach the transmission pipe joint 200 of the nozzle 1000 through the transmission pipeline and can reach the nozzle inner plug 120 along the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and pass through the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 to realize the secondary atomization of the liquid. Specifically, the inlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is located at the rear end of the transmission pipe joint 200, and the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is located at the front end of the nozzle jacket 400. Moreover, since a nozzle plug 120 is placed at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle plug 120 cooperates with the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the gas and liquid at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 can only move along the spiral groove 123 on the nozzle plug 120.

[0055] Since the side opening 1234 of the spiral groove 123 is attached to the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 to form a gas-liquid transmission branch, the flow of the medium located in the spiral groove 123 is guided. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the medium located in the spiral groove 123 can only flow out from the front port and enter from the rear port of the spiral groove 123, and the medium is prevented from flowing out from the side opening of the spiral groove 123.

[0056] It should be noted that if Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, since the outer circumference of the nozzle inner plug 120 is formed with uniformly distributed spiral grooves 123, the outer circumference of the nozzle inner plug 120 is divided by the spiral grooves 123 to form a plurality of convex ribs 124, and the convex ribs 124 are spaced apart from the spiral grooves 123 to be formed on the outer circumference of the nozzle inner plug 120. The outer circumference of the convex ribs 124 can optionally fit the gas-liquid transmission channel 600.

[0057] In order to ensure sufficient oil mist injection pressure and gas output during lubrication cutting, the present disclosure sets the value range of the section depth ratio δ to 0.4 to 3.0. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the distance between the corresponding points of two adjacent vortex spiral grooves 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 in the equidiameter direction is defined as the pitch p of the spiral groove 123, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the spiral groove 123 and the corresponding point on the surface of the spiral groove 123 is defined as the depth L of the spiral groove 123. The ratio between the pitch p and the depth L is defined as the pitch-to-depth ratio δ, and δ=p / L. In addition, the pitch p of the spiral groove 123 is 2πR / N, where N is the number of spiral grooves 123 and R is the radius of the nozzle inner plug 120. When the number of spiral grooves 123 is constant, the depth L of the spiral grooves 123 is reduced, and the corresponding pitch-to-depth ratio δ increases, which means that the total gas outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle inner plug 120 becomes smaller. And for the same depth of the spiral grooves 123, the number of spiral grooves 123 is reduced, that is, the pitch p of the spiral grooves 123 is increased, and the corresponding pitch-to-depth ratio δ increases, and the total outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle inner plug 120 will also become smaller. Therefore, the available node depth ratio δ is an important parameter for determining the distribution of the spiral grooves 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120.

[0058] Since too small spiral grooves or too few grooves may increase the resistance of the medium passing through, it is difficult to achieve the atomization effect; if the spiral grooves are too large, the speed of the medium in the spiral grooves may be relatively slow, and it will be difficult to form turbulence, thereby affecting the atomization effect. Therefore, in some embodiments, it is necessary to control the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​a single nozzle 1000 to 2-25 mm 2 The nozzle 1000 outlet cross-sectional area should be controlled between 2 and 25 mm 2 In view of this, the radius R of the entire nozzle inner plug 120 is 2.0-8.0 mm, the pitch p of the spiral groove 123 is 2.0-5.0 mm, the depth L of each spiral groove 123 is 2.0-4.0 mm, and according to the formula δ=p / L, the range of the pitch depth ratio δ is 0.5-2.5. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the number of spiral grooves is 8-15, but because the flow requirements for the medium are different in different situations, the number of spiral grooves is not specifically limited in this disclosure and can be adjusted according to the situation.

[0059] In the above scheme, the large droplets formed by adhering to the tube wall and the steps during the spraying process of the nozzle 1000 will be secondary atomized through the arc groove of the nozzle plug 120, ensuring the atomization state of the gas and liquid sprayed from the nozzle 1000 and the cooling and lubrication effect of MQL (Minimal Quantity Lubrication). The spiral groove 123 has a larger gas passing area and a larger speed change than the straight groove, which can achieve a secondary atomization effect.

[0060] Optionally, the angle between the circumferential tangent of the virtual circle at any point in the spiral groove 123 and the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123 is the groove geometry angle β, and the spiral groove 123 is configured as follows: the medium flows through the spiral groove 123, the relative speed of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at any point in the spiral groove 123 is vector w, the circumferential speed of the medium rotating around the first axis Z0 along the nozzle inner plug 120 at any point in the spiral groove 123 is vector u, and the angle between the reverse direction of the control vector u and the vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end to the front end of the spiral groove 123. The medium can be an oil mist airflow.

[0061] For ease of understanding, Figure 11-Figure 12 The tangent direction of the circle at point H in the spiral groove 123, i.e. the first direction D1, and the tangent direction of point H in the spiral groove 123 along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123, i.e. the second direction D2, are drawn. The direction of the vector u of H should be the same as the direction of D1, and the direction of the vector w of H should be the same as the direction of D2. Since the angle of the groove geometry angle β will gradually increase, the relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at this point of the spiral groove 123, i.e. the vector w, should also change, thereby driving the change of the absolute velocity c of the medium at this point of the spiral groove 123, making it easier to induce turbulence. H is the absolute velocity of the medium at point H, W H is the relative velocity of the medium flowing forward along the spiral groove 123 at point H (i.e., the vector w of the medium at point H), U H is the circumferential velocity of the medium at point H along the nozzle inner plug 120 rotating around the first axis Z0 (ie, the vector u of the medium at point H).

[0062] Specifically, in Fig.13 and Fig.14 The circumferential tangent direction of point I in the spiral groove 123, i.e., the third direction D3, and the tangent direction of point I in the spiral groove 123 along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123, i.e., the fourth direction D4, are drawn. Among them, point H is located at the rear end face 122 of the nozzle inner plug, and point I is located at the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug. At this time, the groove geometry angle β of point I should be 90°, while the groove geometry angle β of point H is an acute angle, and the groove geometry angle β of point H is smaller than the groove geometry angle β of point I. In fact, in some embodiments, due to the special setting of the spiral groove 123, the groove geometry angle β of each position on the spiral groove 123 will gradually increase along the rear end face 122 of the nozzle inner plug to the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug.

[0063] It should be noted that the circumferential tangent is a tangent of any point in the spiral groove 123 on the virtual circle at that point, the virtual circle takes the first axis Z0 as the center and passes through the point, and the virtual circle is located in a plane perpendicular to the first axis Z0. Taking point X as an example, on a plane perpendicular to the first axis Z0, with the first axis Z0 as the center and point X as the boundary, a virtual circle Y corresponding to point X can be drawn. The circumferential tangent of point X refers to a line tangent to the virtual circle Y of point X at point X.

[0064] The detailed principle of the atomization of gas and liquid through the spiral groove 123 is as follows: when the oil with a certain viscosity flows on a uniform solid surface, laminar flow is easy to occur when the flow rate is small, and turbulent flow occurs when the flow rate is large; when other conditions remain unchanged, laminar flow is easy to occur when the pipe diameter is small, and turbulent flow is easy to occur when the diameter is large. The atomization effect of the oil can be measured by the Reynolds coefficient, that is, Re = pvd / μ, where p, v, and μ are the density, flow rate and viscosity coefficient of the fluid respectively, and d is the equivalent diameter of the oil injection hole. The larger the Reynolds number, the more irregular the internal movement, the easier it is to produce collisions, and the more conducive to atomization. Under the same flow rate, density, and aperture, the size of the Reynolds number depends entirely on the viscosity of the fluid, which is the ratio of inertial force to viscous force. The nozzle plug 120 is arranged inside the nozzle 1000, and the convex ribs and spiral grooves 123 are formed on the nozzle plug 120, so that different areas have different adsorption capacities for the oil mist airflow, so that different thicknesses of adhesion layers or adsorption layers are formed inside the nozzle 1000. When the oil mist airflow flows along the oil injection hole, the radial movement of the droplet velocity flow field is increased due to the change of radial fluctuation of the adsorption layer, so that the Reynolds number is increased. The structure of the convex ribs and the spiral grooves 123 also produces radial fluctuation changes, further increasing the Reynolds number. The internal molecular movement of the oil mist airflow is more intense, increasing the molecular movement frequency, making it easier to form turbulent movement, so under the same conditions, the atomization effect of the oil can be improved, making the oil mist airflow easier to atomize.

[0065] As can be seen from the above, the present invention uses the change of Reynolds number based on the principle of fluid mechanics and adopts the vortex spiral groove 123 structure of the nozzle plug 120 to change the oil mist airflow velocity and internal pressure in the nozzle 1000, so as to ensure that the oil is more comprehensively subjected to effective force, promote turbulence, and make the internal molecular motion of the gas and liquid in the nozzle 1000 more intense, thereby increasing the molecular motion frequency and increasing the collision probability, and achieving a better atomization effect. Compared with the traditional nozzle 1000, the use of the micro-lubrication atomizing nozzle 1000 provided by the present invention under the condition of achieving the same atomization effect can reduce the required atomization pressure, thereby saving energy consumption. It should be noted that the oil mist airflow refers to the airflow of the oil mist, which normally includes a gas-liquid two-phase fluid, the core of which is liquid lubricating oil and gaseous or near-gaseous lubricating oil.

[0066] Optionally, the spiral groove 123 is further configured as follows: vector c is equal to the sum of vector u and vector w, and the angle between vector c and vector u is α, and the radial component velocity c of vector c is r and the tangential component velocity c u Meet c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; α gradually decreases from the rear end toward the front end of the spiral groove 123, where vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

[0067] Specifically, taking point H of the spiral groove 123 as an example, the absolute velocity of the medium at point H is c H , vector c H The radial component of velocity c Hr and the tangential component velocity c Hu Should satisfy c Hr =c H sinα,c Hu =c H cosα.

[0068] Moreover, since α gradually decreases from the rear end to the front end of the spiral groove 123, when the absolute velocity c is assumed to remain constant, the closer to the front position, the smaller α. Then its radial component velocity c r When α is 0, the radial velocity c r = 0, the absolute velocity c at this point is equal to the tangential component velocity c along the nozzle plug 120 u If the radial velocity c r = 0 is located at the intersection of the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug and the spiral groove 123. When the oil mist airflow moves from back to front along the spiral groove 123 with gradually decreasing α, the absolute velocity c of the oil mist airflow will gradually decompose into the tangential component velocity along the nozzle inner plug 120, and be ejected through the nozzle 1000 outlet (the nozzle 1000 outlet is the front end of the spiral groove 123) at a faster speed to reach the cutting area.

[0069] Taking the points H and I of the spiral groove 123 as an example, the absolute velocity of the medium at the point H is c H , vector c H The radial component of velocity c Hr and the tangential component velocity c Hu Should satisfy c Hr =c H sinα,c Hu =c H cosα. Point H is at the rear end, point I is at the front end, and α at point I is equal to 0, so c Ir =0, therefore, c Hr >c Ir of.

[0070] In addition, since the tangent of the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123 along the spiral direction of the spiral groove at any point where it intersects with the front end face of the nozzle inner plug 120 is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug 120, that is, the groove geometry angle β at the intersection of the side wall of the spiral groove and the front end face of the nozzle inner plug is 90°, it is ensured that the oil mist airflow sprayed from the spiral groove 123 is completely perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug 120, reducing the side spraying situation, and also ensuring that the oil mist airflow is sprayed through the nozzle 1000 at a faster speed. It should be noted that the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123 is curved, and it forms an arc shape, and at the front end position of the spiral groove 123, that is, the intersection with the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug 120, the tangent of any point on the side wall of the arc shape along the spiral direction of the spiral groove will be perpendicular to the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug 120, that is, the tangent of any point along the spiral direction of the spiral groove at the intersection is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug. Furthermore, since the front end surface 121 of the nozzle inner plug 120 is perpendicular to the first axis Z0, each tangent line of the arc-shaped shape should be parallel to the first axis Z0.

[0071] In some optional embodiments, the nozzle inner plug 120 is in the shape of a cone, and the diameter of the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face. It should be noted that, since the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is fitted / abutted against the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 at the nozzle inner plug 120 should be in the shape of a cone corresponding to the nozzle inner plug 120. And since the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 to prevent the medium located in the spiral groove 123 from flowing out from the side opening 1234 of the spiral groove 123, the inner wall of this part of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is in the shape of a cone, which is conducive to the convergence of the medium (i.e., the oil mist airflow).

[0072] Furthermore, since the nozzle inner plug 120 is in a frustum shape and the diameter of the front end face 121 is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face 122, when the oil mist gas flow flows from the back to the front, the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, which is also in a frustum shape and has a shape roughly the same as that of the nozzle inner plug 120, can limit the forward movement of the nozzle inner plug 120, thereby preventing the nozzle inner plug 120 from spraying out. Figure 4 shown.

[0073] In addition, the spiral groove 123 is configured to gradually approach the first axis Z0 from the back to the front, so that the oil mist airflow leaving the front end of the spiral groove 123 can be more easily converged to the first axis Z0, that is, converged at a position off-center.

[0074] In some embodiments, Fig.16 and Fig.17As shown, the nozzle 1000 also includes a transition portion 130 connected to the nozzle inner plug 120 and extending backward, the length of the transition portion 130 is smaller than the nozzle inner plug 120, the outer peripheral surface of the transition portion 130 and the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 have a gap, and the diameter of the transition portion 130 gradually decreases from front to back.

[0075] Since there is a gap between the outer circumference of the transition portion 130 and the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the oil mist airflow can reach the nozzle inner plug 120 through the gap. Moreover, since the diameter of the transition portion 130 gradually decreases from front to back, the transition portion 130 is an inclined surface. When the oil mist airflow passes through the transition portion 130, it can be more easily guided into the spiral groove 123 located on the outer circumference of the nozzle inner plug 120, reducing the resistance of the oil mist airflow entering the spiral groove 123. Moreover, since the diameter of the transition portion 130 gradually decreases from front to back, when the size of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 at the position of the transition portion 130 remains roughly unchanged, the gap between the transition portion 130 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 should gradually decrease from back to front. Therefore, as the oil mist airflow moves from back to front, its Reynolds number should be larger, which is more conducive to the atomization of the liquid in the oil mist airflow.

[0076] It should be noted that the transition portion 130 and the nozzle inner plug 120 can be integrally formed, and of course can also be connected by welding, gluing, etc., and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0077] In order to facilitate the oil mist flow to enter the nozzle inner plug 120 from the transition portion 130, in some embodiments, the spiral groove 123 spirally extends around the first axis Z0 from the outer circumference of the transition portion 130 to the front end surface 121 of the nozzle inner plug.

[0078] The spiral groove 123 spirally extends backward to the minimum diameter of the transition part 130. This arrangement allows the oil mist airflow to enter the spiral groove 123 when it passes through the minimum diameter of the transition part 130 (i.e., the rear end surface of the transition part 130), so that the oil mist airflow is guided by the spiral groove 123 earlier, thereby ensuring that there is sufficient oil mist airflow injection pressure and air output during minimal lubrication cutting processing, and that the oil mist airflow forms turbulence, which is convenient for its atomization.

[0079] In addition, the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130 is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug 120 to ensure that the pressures of the oil mist inlet and outlet of the secondary atomization channel are consistent.

[0080] In some embodiments, Fig.18 and Fig.19 As shown, the nozzle 1000 further includes a tail portion 140 disposed behind the transition portion 130 and connected to the transition portion 130, and the diameter of the tail portion 140 is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130. In some embodiments, as Fig. 20As shown, the nozzle inner plug 120, the transition part 130 and the tail part 140 are integrally formed, and the nozzle inner plug 120, the transition part 130 and the tail part 140 are sequentially connected from front to back. Optionally, the spiral groove 123 extends from the tail part 140 to the nozzle inner plug 120, that is, the spiral groove 123 passes through the transition part 130 from the tail part 140 and finally reaches the nozzle inner plug 120. When the oil mist airflow flows from the rear to the front, it first passes through the tail part 140. If the diameter of the tail part 140 is too large, it may affect the oil mist airflow entering the spiral groove 123 of the transition part 130 and the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120, so the diameter of the tail part 140 is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition part 130.

[0081] It should be noted that the portion of the spiral groove 123 extending to the tail portion 140 and the transition portion 130 can also meet the following two points: (1) The angle between the tangent line of the circumference at any point in the spiral groove 123 and the tangent line along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123 is the groove geometry angle β, and the spiral groove 123 is configured as follows: the medium flows through the spiral groove 123, the relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at this point in the spiral groove 123 is the vector w, the circumferential velocity of the medium at this point in the spiral groove 123 along the nozzle plug 120 in the direction of rotation around the first axis Z0 is the vector u, and the angle between the reverse direction of the control vector u and the vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end to the front end of the spiral groove 123; (2) the vector c is equal to the sum of the vector u and the vector w, the angle between the vector c and the vector u is α, and the radial component velocity c of the vector c is r and the tangential component velocity c u Meet c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; α gradually decreases from the rear end toward the front end of the spiral groove 123, where vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

[0082] The oil mist airflow flows along the gas-liquid transmission channel inside the nozzle 1000, and before reaching the tail 140, its flow direction is mainly distributed along the axial direction of the nozzle 1000; when the oil mist airflow reaches the tail 140 and flows along the tail 140, the transition portion 130 and the nozzle inner plug 120, the oil mist airflow will flow along the spiral groove 123; according to the relevant theory of fluid dynamics, the absolute velocity of any particle of the oil mist airflow in the spiral groove 123 can be decomposed into the relative velocity flowing along the flow channel of the spiral groove 123 and the circumferential velocity rotating in the direction of the first axis Z0 of the nozzle inner plug 120. It is assumed that the absolute velocity of any particle of the oil mist airflow in the spiral groove 123 is c, the relative velocity flowing along the flow channel of the spiral groove 123 is w, and the circumferential velocity rotating in the direction of the first axis Z0 of the nozzle inner plug 120 is u; according to the principle of velocity decomposition and synthesis in fluid mechanics, these three velocity vectors form a velocity triangle, which is called the oil mist airflow velocity triangle. Among them, the angle between the absolute speed c and the circumferential speed u is called the absolute flow angle, which can be expressed by α; the reverse angle between the relative speed w and the circumferential speed u is called the relative flow angle, and the relative flow angle is defined as the groove geometry angle of the spiral groove 123, which can be expressed by β. Combining the speed triangle, we can get:

[0083] c=w+u (1-1)

[0084] like Fig.21 as well as Fig. 22 As shown, at K of the spiral groove 123, assuming that the relative velocity of the flow along the spiral groove 123 is w and the reverse angle between u is β K , the absolute velocity is c and the angle between it and u is α K Similarly, at J of the spiral groove 123, assuming that the relative velocity of the flow along the spiral groove 123 is w and the reverse angle between u is β J , the absolute velocity is c and the angle between it and u is α J β K and β J is the groove geometry angle at K and J of the spiral groove 123; Fig.28 As shown, according to the velocity triangle at K and J, it can be concluded that:

[0085] c Kr =c K sinα K (1-2)

[0086] c Ku =c K cosα K (1-3)

[0087] c Jr =c J sinα J (1-4)

[0088] c Ju =c J cosα J (1-5)

[0089] Among them, c Kr c is the absolute velocity of the oil mist flow at K K The radial component of velocity, c Ku c is the absolute velocity of the oil mist flow at K K The tangential component of velocity, c Jr c is the absolute velocity of the oil mist flow at J J The radial component of velocity, c Ju c is the absolute velocity of the oil mist flow at J J The tangential component of velocity.

[0090] The spiral groove 123 has a structure in which the groove geometric angle β gradually increases from the airflow inlet end of the spiral groove 123 to the outlet end of the spiral groove 123, that is, β K <β J , and the inner groove groove geometric angle β at the outlet of the spiral groove 123 can be 90 degrees. In addition, the angle α between the absolute speed c and u is gradually reduced from the inlet end of the spiral groove 123 to the outlet end of the spiral groove 123, that is, α K >α J , and the absolute flow angle α at the outlet of the spiral groove 123 can be 0 degrees. It can be seen from formulas (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) and (1-5) that when the oil mist airflow in the spiral groove reaches the inlet end of the spiral groove, the angle α is the maximum value, and the radial component velocity of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist airflow is also the maximum. When the angle α gradually decreases from the inlet end of the spiral groove airflow to the outlet end of the spiral groove, the radial component velocity of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist airflow gradually decreases, and when α=0 degrees, the radial component velocity of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist airflow is zero.

[0091] And in fact, from Fig. 20 It can also be found that the direction of the spiral groove 123 gradually tends to be perpendicular to the cross section of the nozzle inner plug 120 (the cross section of the nozzle inner plug 120 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle inner plug 120), that is, the direction of the spiral groove 123 gradually changes to be parallel to the axial direction.

[0092] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the transmission pipe joint 200 is formed with a first channel 610 that passes through the transmission pipe joint 200 from front to back, the nozzle joint 300 is formed with a second channel 620 that passes through the nozzle joint 300 from front to back, and the nozzle jacket 400 is formed with a third channel 630 that passes through the nozzle jacket 400 from front to back. The transmission pipe joint 200 is inserted into the second channel 620 of the nozzle joint 300, so that the first channel 610 is connected to the second channel 620, and the nozzle joint 300 is inserted into the third channel 630 of the nozzle jacket 400, so that the second channel 620 is connected to the third channel 630. From then on, the first channel 610, the second channel 620 and the third channel 630 cooperate to form a gas-liquid transmission channel 600 that passes through the nozzle 1000 in the front-to-back direction. The nozzle inner plug 120, the transition portion 130 and the tail portion 140 are all located in the third channel 630. Specifically, when the oil mist gas flow leaves the second channel 620 and enters the third channel 630, it will first be blocked by the tail portion 140 and sprayed to the side of the tail portion 140, and then enter the spiral groove 123. Then, it enters the transition portion 130 from the tail portion 140 through the spiral groove 123, and finally reaches the nozzle inner plug 120. In order to facilitate the gas to smoothly enter the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120, there is a gap between the tail portion 140 and the transition portion 130 on the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 1000 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the transition portion 130 is an inclined surface, and its cross section gradually increases from the back to the front to reduce the gap between the transition portion 130 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. Therefore, the transition portion 130 can gradually guide the oil mist gas flow to gradually enter the spiral groove 123, so that the oil mist gas flow enters the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 more smoothly.

[0093] In some embodiments, the radius R of the entire nozzle plug 120 is 1.5-8.5 mm, the depth L of each spiral groove 123 is 1.5-4.5 mm, and in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle plug 120 , the depth of each spiral groove 123 is equal.

[0094] It should be noted that, since the size of the nozzle inner plug 120 may vary along the front-to-back direction, the radius of the entire nozzle inner plug 120 referred to above refers to the radius of each cross section perpendicular to the first axis Z0 of the nozzle inner plug 120 .

[0095] Continue reading Figure 5The nozzle plug 120 is installed in the tapered hole of the nozzle jacket 400. The sealing ring 500 is installed in the middle of the front end of the nozzle joint 300, and then threadedly connected with the internal thread of the nozzle jacket 400. The sealing ring 500 strengthens the air tightness to prevent air leakage from causing insufficient pressure at the nozzle 1000. The outer pipe thread of the transmission pipe joint 200 is wrapped with a raw tape and threadedly connected with the inner pipe thread of the nozzle joint 300. The rear end of the transmission pipe joint 200 is connected to the transmission pipeline, which can be a bamboo tube, a copper tube, a copper tube, a hose, etc. The transmission mode of the transmission pipe is oil or air.

[0096] In addition, the bottom wall 1232 of each spiral groove 123 is perpendicular to the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123, and there is a chamfer between the bottom wall 1232 of each spiral groove 123 and the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123, so that the spiral groove 123 smoothly transitions between the bottom wall 1232 and the side wall 1231, avoiding the accumulation of oil in the corner. The bottom wall 1232 of the spiral groove 123 can also be arc-shaped. The spiral grooves 123 and the convex ribs are alternately and closely arranged, and as many vortex groove structures as possible are set to promote the internal movement of the oil mist airflow, so as to make full use of the flow channel provided by the spiral grooves 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 to achieve the secondary atomization effect of the oil mist airflow.

[0097] In some embodiments, Figure 23-27 As shown, the bottom wall 1232 or the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123 can also be set to a wave shape. Therefore, a first groove 1233 is formed at the bottom wall 1232 and the side wall 1231 corresponding to the concave part of the wave shape. Moreover, since the first groove is formed by the wave shape, there is a smooth transition between the first groove 1233 and the structure of its edge.

[0098] In addition, in some embodiments, the distance between the two side walls 1231 of the spiral groove 123 in the equal diameter direction at the bottom of the spiral groove is smaller than the distance at the opening, and the distance gradually increases, that is, the distance between the two side walls 1231 of the spiral groove 123 gradually increases from the back to the front to form a flared shape. Moreover, in some embodiments, the spiral groove 123 with a flared cross section and the spiral groove 123 with a rectangular cross section can be arranged at intervals to increase the gas-liquid transmission flow rate.

[0099] As many structures as possible are provided to promote the internal movement of gas and liquid, and more comprehensively act on the gas and liquid flowing through the nozzle inner plug 120. The side wall or bottom wall of the spiral groove 123 is in an undulating wave shape to promote the internal movement of gas and liquid, and at the same time reduce the angle structure of gas and liquid accumulation. The angle between the side wall and the bottom wall of the spiral groove 123 can also be an acute angle, and the bottom surface of the spiral groove 123 can be set to an arc shape, so that the inner surface of the spiral groove 123 is smoother, so as to promote the circulation of gas mist and avoid the accumulation of oil in the corner.

[0100] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, the tail portion 140 is a cylindrical step, and a threaded hole is drilled in the center of the tail portion 140 to facilitate the processing of the spiral groove 123 .

[0101] Moreover, the present disclosure also provides a processing device, including a gas-liquid supply device and the nozzle 1000 in any of the above embodiments, wherein the nozzle 1000 is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

[0102] In addition, the present disclosure also provides a machine tool, including a machine tool body and the above-mentioned processing device.

[0103] When in use, the oil mist airflow enters the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 from the transmission pipe joint 200, and moves from the back to the front to the tail 140 through the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. The oil mist airflow is guided by the tail 140, and then diffuses to the surroundings of the tail 140, and is guided by the transition part 130 to gradually enter the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120. In the spiral groove 123, since the speed of the oil mist airflow is constantly changed, it is not easy for the oil mist airflow to form a laminar flow, but a turbulent flow, which helps the liquid in the oil mist airflow to be atomized, and finally sprayed out of the nozzle 1000 through the spiral groove 123. The oil mist airflow leaving the nozzle reaches the tool so that the tool can process the workpiece.

[0104] The present invention provides a nozzle plug 120 at the outlet of the nozzle 1000 and a vortex spiral groove 123 with a special structure, so that the oil mist airflow can be secondary atomized when it is sprayed through the nozzle 1000, thereby avoiding the formation of large particle droplets at the outlet of the nozzle 1000 and improving the quality of the trace lubricating oil mist.

[0105] In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present disclosure, the technical means of the present application are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A nozzle, characterized in that: A gas-liquid transmission channel is formed, a nozzle inner plug is provided in the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner plug is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves evenly distributed around a first axis, and the spiral grooves extend spirally around the first axis, the spiral grooves penetrate the front end surface and the rear end surface of the nozzle inner plug, the rear end of the spiral grooves is communicated with the gas-liquid transmission channel, the side opening of the spiral groove is fitted by the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form a gas-liquid transmission branch, and the first axis is the axis of the nozzle inner plug; Among them, the distance between two corresponding points of two adjacent spiral grooves in the equidiameter direction is the pitch of the spiral groove, the vertical distance from a point on the outlet of the spiral groove to the bottom surface of the spiral groove is the depth of the spiral groove, the ratio of the pitch to the depth is the pitch-to-depth ratio, and the value range of the pitch-to-depth ratio is 0.4 to 3.

0.

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that The angle between the circumferential tangent of any point in the spiral groove on the virtual circle and the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove is the groove geometry angle β, and the spiral groove is configured as follows: a medium flows through the spiral groove, a relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove at any point in the spiral groove is a vector w, a circumferential velocity of the medium rotating around the first axis along the nozzle inner plug at any point in the spiral groove is a vector u, and the angle between the reverse direction of the control vector u and the vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end of the spiral groove toward the front end, wherein the virtual circle at any point has the first axis as the center and passes through the any point, and the virtual circle is located in a plane perpendicular to the first axis.

3. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that The spiral groove is further configured such that the vector c is equal to the sum of the vector u and the vector w, and the angle between the vector c and the vector u is α, and the radial component velocity c of the vector c is r and the tangential component velocity c u Meet c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; along the rear end of the spiral groove toward the front end, the α gradually decreases, wherein the vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

4. The nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that The tangent line of the side wall of the spiral groove along the spiral direction at any point where it intersects with the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug is perpendicular to the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove is also configured as follows: at the intersection of the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug and the spiral groove, α=0, c r =0.

5. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that The nozzle inner plug is in a frustum shape, and the diameter of the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end surface.

6. The nozzle according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that It also includes a transition portion connected to the nozzle inner plug and extending backward, the length of the transition portion is smaller than the nozzle inner plug, there is a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the transition portion and the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, and the diameter of the transition portion gradually decreases from front to back.

7. The nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that The minimum diameter of the transition portion is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove spirally extends around the first axis from the outer circumferential surface of the transition portion to the front end surface of the nozzle inner plug.

8. The nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that The helical groove spirally extends backward to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

9. The nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that It also includes a tail portion which is arranged behind the transition portion and connected to the transition portion, and the diameter of the tail portion is smaller than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

10. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that The radius of the entire nozzle inner plug is 1.5 to 8.5 mm, the depth of each spiral groove is 1.5 to 4.5 mm, and in a cross section perpendicular to the first axis of the nozzle inner plug, the depth of each spiral groove is equal.

11. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that It includes a transmission pipe joint, a nozzle joint and a nozzle sleeve which are connected in sequence from back to front. The gas-liquid transmission channel axially penetrates the transmission pipe joint, the nozzle joint and the nozzle sleeve, and the nozzle inner plug is located at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel.

12. A processing device, characterized in that: include: A gas-liquid supply device and a nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the nozzle is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

13. A machine tool, characterized in that: include: A machine tool body and a processing device according to claim 12 arranged on the machine tool body.

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