Tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process, and relates to the field of photovoltaic panel recovery. Comprising the following steps: S1, disassembling an aluminum frame and a junction box of a photovoltaic panel to obtain a photovoltaic panel assembly; s2, the photovoltaic panel assembly is placed at the feeding end of the tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine; s3, a conveying mechanism of the tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine is started, and the photovoltaic panel assembly is conveyed to a preheating area to be preheated; s4, the photovoltaic panel assembly subjected to preheating treatment is conveyed to a high-temperature area to be subjected to heating decomposition treatment, so that a packaging material EVA of the photovoltaic panel is molten; s5, conveying to a cooling area for cooling treatment; and S6, carrying out classification treatment by using a color selector and a specific gravity separator to obtain a copper strip, a silicon wafer and glass. According to the photovoltaic panel decomposition process provided by the invention, the time for treating the photovoltaic panel assemblies is short, the treatment time of each photovoltaic panel assembly is within 1-2 minutes, and compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic panel decomposition treatment time is greatly shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel recycling, and in particular to a tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition process. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic panels are the core components of solar power generation and play a vital role in promoting global energy transformation and sustainable development. However, with the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, a large number of photovoltaic panels will face the problem of retirement and abandonment after the end of their service life. Therefore, photovoltaic panel recycling has become an important issue in the current field of environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0003] Photovoltaic panels contain a variety of valuable materials, such as aluminum, silicon, silver and other metal elements, which have the potential for recycling. If handled properly, they can be effectively recycled and reused to avoid resource waste and environmental pollution. However, if handled improperly, such as direct landfill or incineration, it will have a serious impact on land resources and the ecological environment.

[0004] Photovoltaic panel recycling and processing technologies mainly include two categories: physical separation and processing methods and chemical recycling methods.

[0005] Physical separation treatment method: Separate different materials in photovoltaic panels by mechanical means, such as dismantling frames, removing junction boxes, removing glass, glass sorting, etc. This method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, but the recycling efficiency is relatively low, and it is difficult to completely separate rare elements in photovoltaic panels.

[0006] Chemical recycling method: Use chemical reactions to convert materials in photovoltaic panels into a form that is easy to recycle, such as extracting valuable elements such as silicon, silver, and aluminum through chemical means such as acid washing and alkaline washing. This method has a high recycling efficiency, but the operation is complicated, the cost is high, and it may cause certain pollution to the environment. Among them, thermal decomposition technology is also an important recycling method. It heats the waste photovoltaic panels to a high temperature and decomposes them through chemical reactions to obtain high-purity organic and inorganic substances.

[0007] Regarding thermal decomposition, most of the methods currently on the market are decomposed through incineration, carbonization furnaces, etc. The carbon emissions generated during the decomposition process are too high, which affects the environment and also causes a large amount of resource loss. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition process, which has little environmental pollution, high recycling rate of photovoltaic panel resources, and can obtain glass, copper strips and silicon wafers with complete shapes.

[0009] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0010] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition process, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1, dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the photovoltaic panel assembly;

[0012] S2, placing the photovoltaic panel assembly at the feed end of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine;

[0013] S3, starting the conveying mechanism of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine to convey the photovoltaic panel assembly to the preheating area for preheating;

[0014] S4, transferring the preheated photovoltaic panel assembly to a high temperature zone for heating and decomposition treatment to melt the EVA packaging material of the photovoltaic panel;

[0015] S5, then transferred to the cooling zone for cooling treatment;

[0016] S6, and then use a color sorter and a specific gravity separator for sorting and processing to obtain copper strips, silicon wafers and glass.

[0017] In the above step S3, preheating is first performed to expand the packaging material in the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the glass, copper strip and silicon wafer are initially separated, so as to prepare for the subsequent high-temperature decomposition in the high-temperature zone; secondly, preheating can also prevent the photovoltaic panel assembly from exploding due to excessively fast heating of the photovoltaic panel assembly.

[0018] In the above step S4, the photovoltaic panel is heated to the melting temperature of EVA, and the melted EVA drips below the conveying mechanism, or adheres to the photovoltaic panel assembly in small amounts, and the glass, silicon wafer and copper tape are separated from each other.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the preheating zone includes a first preheating zone and a second preheating zone, the temperature of the first preheating zone is 100° C., and the temperature of the second preheating zone is 240° C. Two preheatings are used to gradually add photovoltaic modules to avoid excessively rapid temperature rise of photovoltaic modules.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, the high temperature zone includes a third high temperature zone and a fourth high temperature zone, the temperature of the third high temperature zone is 360-420° C., and the temperature of the fourth high temperature zone is 530-650° C. By heating twice, on the one hand, the photovoltaic panel assembly is prevented from heating up too fast, and on the other hand, the EVA is prevented from generating harmful gases and polluting the environment when the temperature rises sharply.

[0021] More preferably, in step S4, the temperature of the third high temperature zone is 400°C, and the temperature of the fourth high temperature zone is 600°C.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine includes a tunnel-type frame body, a conveying mechanism and a heating mechanism, the tunnel-type frame body has a channel, the conveying mechanism and the heating mechanism are both arranged in the channel; and along the transmission direction of the conveying mechanism, the channel is sequentially provided with a preheating zone and a high temperature zone, and a cooling zone is provided at the discharge end.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the high temperature zone is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is connected to a gas recovery system for recovering the gas generated in the high temperature zone. The waste gas generated in the high temperature zone is recovered and purified by the gas recovery system to reduce environmental pollution.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0025] The photovoltaic panel decomposition process provided by the present invention adopts a tunnel-type decomposition machine to preheat the photovoltaic panel assembly first, and then transfer it to a high-temperature zone for thermal decomposition. In the high-temperature zone, the EVA packaging material on the photovoltaic panel assembly becomes a molten state under the action of high temperature, so that the copper strips, silicon wafers and glass in the photovoltaic panel assembly are separated from each other; under the action of high temperature, the glass, copper strips and silicon wafers will not be damaged, and the separated glass, copper strips and silicon wafers are convenient for secondary recycling.

[0026] Secondly, the photovoltaic panel decomposition process provided by the present invention has a short processing time for photovoltaic panel components. The processing time for each photovoltaic panel component is within 1-2 minutes. Compared with the prior art, the processing time for photovoltaic panel decomposition is greatly shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of a tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the preheating area of ​​the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-heat zone of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine.

[0031] Icons: 1-tunnel type frame body, 11-first preheating zone, 12-second preheating zone, 13-third high temperature zone, 14-fourth high temperature zone, 15-cooling zone, 16-exhaust port, 17-feed end, 18-discharge end, 2-conveying mechanism, 3-heating mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0033] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0034] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] As attached Figure 1-3 As shown, the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine used in the embodiment of the present invention comprises a tunnel-type frame body, a conveying mechanism and a heating mechanism, wherein the tunnel-type frame body has a channel, wherein the conveying mechanism and the heating mechanism are both arranged in the channel; and along the transmission direction of the conveying mechanism, the channel is sequentially provided with a preheating zone and a high temperature zone, and a cooling zone is arranged at the discharge end, wherein the high temperature zone is provided with a gas recovery system for recovering the gas generated in the high temperature zone, and the cooling zone is provided with a cooling fan for cooling.

[0037] Based on the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine, the photovoltaic panels are processed in the following steps:

[0038] S1, dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the photovoltaic panel assembly, and removing debris on the photovoltaic panel assembly;

[0039] S2, placing the photovoltaic panel assembly at the feed end 17 of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine 1;

[0040] S3, start the chain conveying mechanism 2 of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine. Under the action of the conveying mechanism 2, the photovoltaic panel assembly is conveyed to the first preheating zone 11 (100°C) for preheating, and the preheating time is 40 minutes; then conveyed to the second preheating zone 12 (240°C); wherein, during the preheating treatment, the conveying mechanism stops working, and after the preheating time is reached, the conveying mechanism continues to convey.

[0041] S4, the preheated photovoltaic panel assembly is then transferred to the third high temperature zone 13 (400°C) and the fourth high temperature zone 14 (600°C) for heating and decomposition treatment to melt the EVA packaging material of the photovoltaic panel; at the same time, the gas recovery system recovers the gas generated in the third high temperature zone 13 and the fourth high temperature zone 14. The total length of the high temperature zone is 11m.

[0042] S5, after high temperature thermal decomposition treatment, it is transferred to the cooling zone 15, where it is cooled by a cooling fan to below 100°C;

[0043] S6, and then use a color sorter and a specific gravity separator for sorting and processing to obtain copper strips, silicon wafers and glass.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Based on the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine provided in Example 1, the photovoltaic panels are processed according to the following steps:

[0046] S1, dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the photovoltaic panel assembly, and removing debris on the photovoltaic panel assembly;

[0047] S2, placing the photovoltaic panel assembly at the feed end 17 of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine 1;

[0048] S3, start the chain conveying mechanism of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine, and under the action of the conveying mechanism 2, convey the photovoltaic panel assembly to the first preheating zone 11 (100° C.) for preheating, and the preheating time is 30 minutes; and then convey it to the second preheating zone 12 (240° C.);

[0049] S4, the photovoltaic panel components after preheating treatment are then transferred to the third high temperature zone 13 (420°C) and the fourth high temperature zone 14 (650°C) for heating and decomposition treatment to melt the packaging material EVA of the photovoltaic panel; at the same time, the gas recovery system recovers and processes the gas generated in the third high temperature zone and the fourth high temperature zone.

[0050] S5, after high temperature thermal decomposition treatment, it is transferred to the cooling zone 15, where it is cooled by a cooling fan to below 100°C;

[0051] S6, and then use a color sorter and a specific gravity separator for sorting and processing to obtain copper strips, silicon wafers and glass.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Based on the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine provided in Example 1, the photovoltaic panels are processed according to the following steps:

[0054] S1, dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the photovoltaic panel assembly, and removing debris on the photovoltaic panel assembly;

[0055] S2, placing the photovoltaic panel assembly at the feed end of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine;

[0056] S3, start the chain conveying mechanism of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine, and under the action of the conveying mechanism, convey the photovoltaic panel assembly to the first preheating zone (100°C) for preheating, the preheating time is 40 minutes; and then convey it to the second preheating zone (240°C);

[0057] S4, the photovoltaic panel components after preheating treatment are then transferred to the third high temperature zone (360℃) and the fourth high temperature zone (400℃) for heating and decomposition treatment to melt the EVA packaging material of the photovoltaic panel; at the same time, the gas recovery system recovers and processes the gas generated in the third high temperature zone and the fourth high temperature zone.

[0058] S5, after high-temperature thermal decomposition treatment, it is transferred to the cooling zone and cooled by the cooling fan to below 100°C;

[0059] S6, and then use a color sorter and a specific gravity separator for sorting and processing to obtain copper strips, silicon wafers and glass.

[0060] The processing capacity of Examples 1-3 provided by the present invention can reach 30-50 tons within 24 hours, and the copper strips, silicon wafers and glass obtained after processing have high integrity and high secondary utilization rate.

[0061] In summary, the photovoltaic panel decomposition process provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts a tunnel-type decomposition machine to preheat the photovoltaic panel assembly first, and then transfer it to the high-temperature zone for thermal decomposition. In the high-temperature zone, the EVA packaging material on the photovoltaic panel assembly becomes a molten state under the action of high temperature, so that the copper strips, silicon wafers and glass in the photovoltaic panel assembly are separated from each other; under the action of high temperature, the glass, copper strips and silicon wafers will not be damaged, and the separated glass, copper strips and silicon wafers are convenient for secondary recycling, and in the process of high-temperature melting and decomposition of EVA, no harmful gases are generated, and the pollution to the environment is small.

[0062] Secondly, the photovoltaic panel decomposition process provided by the present invention has a short processing time for photovoltaic panel components. The processing time for each photovoltaic panel component is within 1-2 minutes. Compared with the prior art, the processing time for photovoltaic panel decomposition is greatly shortened.

[0063] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic panel to obtain the photovoltaic panel assembly; S2, placing the photovoltaic panel assembly at the feed end of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine; S3, starting the conveying mechanism of the tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine to convey the photovoltaic panel assembly to the preheating area for preheating; S4, transferring the preheated photovoltaic panel assembly to a high temperature zone for heating and decomposition treatment to melt the EVA packaging material of the photovoltaic panel; S5, then transferred to the cooling zone for cooling treatment; S6, and then use a color sorter and a specific gravity separator for sorting and processing to obtain copper strips, silicon wafers and glass.

2. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the preheating zone includes a first preheating zone and a second preheating zone, the temperature of the first preheating zone is 100°C, and the temperature of the second preheating zone is 240°C.

3. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the high temperature zone includes a third high temperature zone and a fourth high temperature zone, the temperature of the third high temperature zone is 360-420°C, and the temperature of the fourth high temperature zone is 530-650°C.

4. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the temperature of the third high temperature zone is 400°C, and the temperature of the fourth high temperature zone is 600°C.

5. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel-type photovoltaic panel decomposition machine includes a tunnel-type frame body, a conveying mechanism and a heating mechanism. The tunnel-type frame body has a channel, and the conveying mechanism and the heating mechanism are both arranged in the channel; and along the transmission direction of the conveying mechanism, the channel is sequentially provided with a preheating zone and a high-temperature zone, and the discharge end is provided with a cooling zone.

6. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high temperature zone is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is connected to a gas recovery system for recovering the gas generated in the high temperature zone.

7. The tunnel type photovoltaic panel decomposition process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling zone is provided with a cooling fan for cooling.

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