Drive axle mechanism of off-road electric forklift

Abstract

The drive axle mechanism of the off-road electric forklift comprises a front drive axle and a rear steering drive axle which are fixed to a chassis of the forklift, and the front drive axle comprises a left axle housing and a right axle housing which are fixedly connected through bolts; the connecting position of a differential mechanism in a front drive axle is parallel to the differential mechanism, so that a drive motor and the differential mechanism are horizontally arranged, the overall front-back width is greatly reduced, the occupied space between the front portion and the back portion of a chassis of a corresponding vehicle is reduced, and space arrangement of other components of the chassis of the vehicle is facilitated; when the four-wheel drive is switched into the two-wheel drive, power transmission of the rear axle connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft is cut off, and therefore it is guaranteed that a rotating shaft of a rear drive motor connected with the upper input shaft does not rotate, the rotating shaft is not prone to damage, and the service life is guaranteed.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drive axles, and more particularly to a drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift. Background technology:

[0002] At present, the driving mechanism in electric off-road forklifts is generally divided into two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive. For four-wheel drive electric off-road forklifts, the front drive axle and the rear steering drive axle are both equipped with drive motors as power;

[0003] Generally, two drive motors run at the same time to provide power to ensure all-wheel drive operation. However, during normal operation, four-wheel drive operation consumes a lot of electricity, so two-wheel drive is sufficient. In this case, the rear-wheel drive motor needs to be stopped. However, since the rear-wheel drive motor is connected to the rear steering drive axle to transmit power, when the rear-wheel drive motor stops running, the rotation of the wheels on the rear steering drive axle will drive the shaft of the rear-wheel drive motor to rotate, which can easily damage the rear-wheel drive motor and affect its service life.

[0004] At the same time, the front drive axle or rear steering drive axle used in the existing electric forklift will directly adopt the drive axle used for the internal combustion engine, which are all equipped with differentials, and half shafts are installed on both sides. In the front drive axle, Figure 2 As shown, the input shaft is generally the middle part of the vertical differential, and the rear end of the input shaft needs to be installed with a connecting shaft to connect with the output end of the gearbox;

[0005] If this structure is used in an electric forklift, the drive motor is directly installed at the input shaft, which requires the drive motor to be arranged vertically with the front drive axle, which greatly increases the length of the space occupied between the front drive axle and the front and rear of the drive motor, affecting the spatial layout of the vehicle chassis. Summary of the invention:

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a drive axle mechanism for an off-road electric forklift, in which the position where the differential is connected in the front drive axle is arranged in parallel with the differential, so that the drive motor and the differential are arranged horizontally, thereby greatly reducing the overall width between the front and rear, thereby reducing the space occupied between the front and rear of the chassis of the corresponding vehicle, facilitating the spatial arrangement of other components of the vehicle chassis, and at the same time, when the four-wheel drive is switched to two-wheel drive, the power transmission of the rear axle connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft is disconnected, thereby ensuring that the rotating shaft of the rear drive motor connected to the upper input shaft does not rotate, making it not easy to be damaged and ensuring the service life.

[0007] The solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0008] A driving axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift, comprising a front driving axle and a rear steering driving axle fixed to a chassis of the forklift, the front driving axle comprising a left axle housing and a right axle housing fixedly connected by bolts, a differential being installed in the right axle housing, the left differential housing of the differential being movably connected to the left axle housing through a bearing, the right differential housing of the differential being movably connected to the right axle housing through a bearing, the middle parts of two half-axle gears of the differential being connected to half-axles through splines, the half-axles being inserted into a middle through hole of a left axle shaft fixed on the left axle housing and extending outwards or inserted into a middle through hole of a right axle shaft fixed on the right axle housing and extending outwards;

[0009] A rear extension portion extending backward is formed on the left rear wall surface of the right axle housing, and a speed reduction chamber is formed between the rear extension portion and the rear portion of the left axle housing. The double gear shaft is in the speed reduction chamber, and its left and right ends are movably connected between the inner wall surface of the rear extension portion and the rear inner wall surface of the left axle housing through bearings. A small gear portion is formed on the double gear shaft and a large gear portion is connected through a spline. A front axle input shaft is installed in the speed reduction chamber at the rear of the double gear shaft, and both ends of the front axle input shaft are movably connected to the inner wall of the rear extension portion through bearings. An input gear part is formed on the outer side wall of the front axle input shaft, the input gear part meshes with the large gear part, and the small gear part meshes with the gear ring fixed on the left differential case. The right end of the front axle input shaft is inserted into a through hole formed on the wall plate of the rear extension part. A front drive motor is fixed on the right side wall of the rear extension part. The output shaft of the front drive motor is a spline shaft, which is inserted into an axial through hole formed in the middle of the front axle input shaft and matched with a spline groove formed on the inner side wall of the right part.

[0010] The rear steering drive axle comprises a rear axle body, and a rear reduction seat of a rear main reduction box is fixedly connected to a middle front wall surface of a rear axle housing of the rear axle body by bolts;

[0011] The middle part of the rear reduction seat is movably connected with the rear axle input shaft through a bearing, and the conical tooth portion formed at the rear end of the rear axle input shaft meshes with the ring gear of the differential installed in the middle part of the rear axle housing of the rear axle body;

[0012] A middle inner cavity is formed in the middle of the lower part of the rear main reduction gearbox, and the middle inner cavity is communicated with the main inner cavity at the front part of the rear main reduction gearbox;

[0013] The middle inner cavity is a stepped cavity, which forms a first step section, a second step section and a third step section with gradually increasing inner diameters from back to front in sequence, an oil inlet through hole is formed at the side wall between the second step section and the third step section, the outer end of the oil inlet through hole extends out of the outer wall surface of the rear main reduction box, a rear mounting groove extending forward is formed in the middle of the rear end surface of the lower part of the rear main reduction box, a center through hole is formed in the middle of the front end surface of the rear mounting groove, which communicates with the middle inner cavity, the front part of the rear reduction seat is inserted into the rear mounting groove and fixedly connected to the rear main reduction box, the middle part of the front part of the rear reduction seat is movably connected to the rear axle connecting shaft through a bearing, and the rear end of the rear axle connecting shaft is inserted into the middle of the front end surface of the rear axle input shaft. In the rearward extending socket, the rear outer side wall of the rear axle connecting shaft is a spline portion, which is inserted into the spline groove formed on the inner side wall of the socket, and the two cooperate with each other. The inner hub formed at the front of the rear axle connecting shaft is in the middle inner cavity, and the unlocking piston is inserted in the second step section and the third step section. A front radial extending edge is formed on the front outer side wall of the unlocking piston, and the front radial extending edge is in the third step section. The outer side wall of the unlocking piston and the outer side wall of the front radial extending edge are close to the inner side walls of the second step section and the third step section, and an annular groove is formed on their outer wall surfaces. The sealing ring is nested in the corresponding annular groove, and the outer side wall of the sealing ring is pressed against the inner side wall of the second step section or the third step section.

[0014] The middle part of the unlocking piston is formed with a stepped through hole with a small inner diameter at the rear and a large inner diameter at the front. The spring seat is inserted into the stepped through hole. A radially extending edge is formed on the front outer wall of the spring seat, which is located at the front part of the stepped through hole. The rear part of the spring seat is located in the middle of the stepped through hole. A thrust needle roller bearing is installed in the front part of the stepped through hole, and the rear end of the radially extending edge faces the front end face of the thrust needle roller bearing. The clutch housing is inserted into the middle through hole of the spring seat. The outer hub of the rear part of the clutch housing is inserted into the first step section. The inner hub is located in the first step section and inserted into the outer hub. A plurality of spacers and friction plates are provided at the inner hub and the outer hub.

[0015] An annular limit plate extending radially outward is fixed to the front of the clutch housing, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the spring seat. The parking spring is inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, with its front end pressed against the rear wall surface of the annular limit plate and its rear end pressed against the rear end surface of the corresponding mounting hole.

[0016] A return spring seat is inserted in the third step section, the outer side wall of the return spring seat is close to the inner side wall of the third step section, and the rear end face of the return spring seat is pressed against the front end face of the unlocking piston.

[0017] A lower connecting shaft is movably connected to the front wall plate at the lower part of the main inner cavity of the rear main reduction gearbox through a bearing, a lower output gear is installed on the middle part of the lower connecting shaft through a spline, and the rear end of the lower connecting shaft is movably connected to a limiting pressure plate through a bearing, and the rear end of the limiting pressure plate faces the front end surface of the return spring seat.

[0018] A plurality of first mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the return spring seat, and a pressure plate return spring is inserted into each first mounting hole. The rear end of the pressure plate return spring presses against the inner end of the first mounting hole, and the front end presses against the rear end surface of the limiting pressure plate.

[0019] A plurality of first positioning holes are formed on the front end face of the return spring seat; a radially extending annular groove is formed on the front end inner wall of each first positioning hole, the rear part of the positioning pin is inserted into the corresponding first positioning hole, the radially extending edge formed on the middle outer wall of the positioning pin is in the annular groove, and its rear end face is pressed against the rear end face of the annular groove, a front positioning through hole is formed at the corresponding position of the edge of the limiting pressure plate, and the front part of the positioning pin is inserted into the corresponding front positioning through hole.

[0020] A plurality of clamping through holes are formed on the edge of the front end plate of the outer hub, and the clamping pin is inserted into the clamping through hole. The outer side wall of the clamping pin is close to the inner side wall of the clamping through hole, and the rear end face of the clamping pin is pressed against the front end face of the frontmost spacer. A protrusion is formed in the middle of the front end face of the clamping pin, which is clamped in the corresponding clamping hole formed on the rear end face of the spring seat, and the front end face of the clamping pin is pressed against the rear end face of the spring seat.

[0021] The middle part of the main inner cavity is movably connected with a transmission gear through a bearing, and the transmission gear is meshed with the lower output gear. The upper part of the main inner cavity is movably connected with an upper input shaft through a bearing. An input gear part is formed on the middle outer wall of the upper input shaft, and the input gear part is meshed with the transmission gear. An axial connecting through hole is formed in the middle part of the upper input shaft, and a spline groove is formed on the rear inner wall of the axial connecting through hole. The rear end of the upper input shaft is inserted into the connecting through hole of the rear wall plate of the upper part of the rear main reduction box. A rear drive motor is fixed on the outer wall of the rear wall plate of the upper part of the rear main reduction box. The output shaft of the rear drive motor is a spline shaft, which is inserted into the connecting through hole of the upper input shaft and matched with the spline groove thereon.

[0022] The outstanding effects of the present invention are:

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the position where the differential is connected in its front drive axle is set parallel to the differential, so that the drive motor and the differential are set horizontally, thereby greatly reducing the overall width between the front and rear, thereby reducing its space occupancy between the front and rear of the chassis of the corresponding vehicle, facilitating the spatial arrangement of other components of the vehicle chassis, and at the same time, when the four-wheel drive is switched to two-wheel drive, the power transmission of the rear axle connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft is disconnected, thereby ensuring that the rotating shaft of the rear drive motor connected to the upper input shaft does not rotate, making it not easy to be damaged, and ensuring its service life. Description of the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1It is a partial structural schematic diagram of an existing rear steering drive axle;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of an existing front drive axle;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial structural diagram of the front drive axle and the rear steering drive axle installed on a forklift;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the angle-changing local structure;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a partial structural diagram of the rear steering drive axle;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the rear axle connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft of the present invention when the power transmission is connected;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 a partial enlarged view of another part;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the rear axle connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft of the present invention when the power transmission is disconnected (partial structures such as the sealing ring are omitted);

[0033] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 A partial enlarged view (partial structures such as the sealing ring are omitted);

[0034] Fig.11 It is a partial structural diagram of the front drive axle;

[0035] Fig.12 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the front drive axle;

[0036] Fig.13 This is a partial enlarged view of the front drive axle;

[0037] Fig.14 yes Fig.12 A partial enlarged view of another part. Specific implementation method:

[0038] For example, see Figures 3 to 14 As shown, a driving axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift includes a front driving axle 1000 and a rear steering driving axle 2000 fixed to the chassis of the forklift;

[0039] The rear steering drive axle 2000 comprises a rear axle body 10, and a rear reduction seat 111 of a rear main reduction box 11 is fixedly connected to a middle front wall surface of a rear axle housing of the rear axle body 10 by bolts;

[0040] The middle part of the rear reduction seat 111 is movably connected to the rear axle input shaft 12 through a bearing, and the conical tooth portion formed at the rear end of the rear axle input shaft 12 meshes with the ring gear of the differential 100 installed in the middle part of the rear axle housing of the rear axle body 10;

[0041] A middle inner cavity is formed in the middle of the lower part of the rear main reduction gearbox 11, and the middle inner cavity is communicated with the main inner cavity at the front part of the rear main reduction gearbox 11;

[0042] The central inner cavity is a stepped cavity, which forms a first step section 131, a second step section 132 and a third step section 133 with gradually increasing inner diameters from back to front, and an oil inlet through hole 1 is formed at the side wall between the second step section 132 and the third step section 133, and the outer end of the oil inlet through hole 1 extends out of the outer wall surface of the rear main reduction box 11, and a rear mounting groove extending forward is formed in the middle of the rear end surface of the lower part of the rear main reduction box 11, and a central through hole is formed in the middle of the front end surface of the rear mounting groove, which communicates with the central inner cavity, and the front part of the rear reduction seat 111 is inserted into the rear mounting groove and fixedly connected to the rear main reduction box 11, and the middle part of the front part of the rear reduction seat 111 is movably connected to the rear axle connecting shaft 14 through a bearing, and the rear of the rear axle connecting shaft 14 is inserted into the rearward extending groove formed in the middle of the front end surface of the rear axle input shaft 12. The rear outer wall of the rear axle connecting shaft 14 is a spline portion, which is inserted into the spline groove formed on the inner wall of the socket, and the two cooperate with each other. The inner hub 141 formed at the front of the rear axle connecting shaft 14 is in the middle inner cavity. The unlocking piston 15 is inserted in the second step section 132 and the third step section 133. A front radial extension edge 151 is formed on the front outer wall of the unlocking piston 15. The front radial extension edge 151 is in the third step section 133. The outer wall of the unlocking piston 15 and the outer wall of the front radial extension edge 151 are close to the inner wall of the second step section 132 and the third step section 133. An annular groove is formed on the outer wall surface of each of the two annular grooves. The sealing ring is nested in the corresponding annular groove, and the outer wall of the sealing ring is pressed against the inner wall of the second step section 132 or the third step section 133.

[0043] The middle part of the unlocking piston 15 is formed with a stepped through hole with a small inner diameter at the rear and a large inner diameter at the front. The spring seat 16 is inserted into the stepped through hole. A radially extending edge 161 is formed on the front outer side wall of the spring seat 16, which is located at the front part of the stepped through hole. The rear part of the spring seat 16 is located in the middle of the stepped through hole. A thrust needle roller bearing 162 is installed in the front part of the stepped through hole. The rear end of the radially extending edge 161 faces the front end face of the thrust needle roller bearing 162. The clutch housing 17 is inserted into the middle through hole of the spring seat 16. The outer hub 171 at the rear of the clutch housing 17 is inserted into the first step section 131. The inner hub 141 is located in the first step section 131 and inserted into the outer hub 171. A plurality of spacers 142 and friction plates 143 are provided at the inner hub 141 and the outer hub 171.

[0044] An annular limit plate 172 extending radially outward is fixed to the front of the clutch housing 17, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the spring seat 16. The parking spring 163 is inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, with its front end pressed against the rear wall surface of the annular limit plate 172 and its rear end pressed against the rear end surface of the corresponding mounting hole.

[0045] Furthermore, a return spring seat 134 is inserted into the third step section 133 , the outer wall of the return spring seat 134 is close to the inner wall of the third step section 133 , and the rear end face of the return spring seat 134 is pressed against the front end face of the unlocking piston 15 .

[0046] Furthermore, a lower connecting shaft 18 is movably connected to the front wall plate at the lower part of the main inner cavity of the rear main reduction gearbox 11 through a bearing, a lower output gear 181 is installed on the middle part of the lower connecting shaft 18 through a spline, and the rear end of the lower connecting shaft 18 is movably connected to a limiting pressure plate 19 through a bearing, and the rear end of the limiting pressure plate 19 faces the front end surface of the return spring seat 134.

[0047] Furthermore, a plurality of first mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the return spring seat 134, and all the first mounting holes are evenly distributed on the front end surface of the return spring seat 134 with the central axis of the return spring seat 134 as the center;

[0048] A pressure plate return spring 135 is inserted into each first mounting hole, and the rear end of the pressure plate return spring 135 presses against the inner end of the first mounting hole, and the front end presses against the rear end surface of the limiting pressure plate 19.

[0049] Furthermore, a plurality of first positioning holes are formed on the front end surface of the return spring seat 134, and all the first positioning holes are evenly distributed on the front end surface of the return spring seat 134 with the central axis of the return spring seat 134 as the center;

[0050] A radially extending annular groove is formed on the inner wall at the front end of each first positioning hole, and the rear part of the positioning pin 136 is inserted into the corresponding first positioning hole. The radially extending edge formed on the middle outer wall of the positioning pin 136 is in the annular groove, and its rear end face is pressed against the rear end face of the annular groove. A front positioning through hole is formed at the corresponding position of the edge of the limiting pressure plate 19, and the front part of the positioning pin 136 is inserted into the corresponding front positioning through hole.

[0051] Furthermore, all the spacers 142 and friction plates 143 are installed between the inner hub 141 and the outer hub 171 at intervals, with the spacer 142 at the front end and the friction plate 143 at the rear end;

[0052] All friction plates 143 are inserted into the inner hub 141, and the inner teeth formed on the inner side wall of the middle through hole are meshed with the outer teeth on the inner hub 141. The inner hub 141 is inserted into the middle through hole of the spacer 142, and a spline protrusion is formed on the outer side of the spacer 142 and inserted into the spline groove on the outer hub 171 and matched with the spline groove.

[0053] Furthermore, a pressure plate 144 is inserted at the rear end of the inner hub 141, and a spline protrusion formed at the outer side of the pressure plate 144 is inserted into and matched with a spline groove on the outer hub 171, and all the spacers 142 and friction plates 143 are located in front of the pressure plate 144;

[0054] An annular groove is formed on the inner side wall of the rear end of the outer hub 171 , and a snap ring is clamped in the annular groove, and the front end surface of the snap ring is pressed against the rear end surface of the pressure plate 144 .

[0055] Furthermore, a plurality of clamping through holes 172 are formed on the edge of the front end plate of the outer hub 171, and a clamping pin 173 is inserted into the clamping through hole 172. The outer wall of the clamping pin 173 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the clamping through hole 172, and the rear end face of the clamping pin 173 is pressed against the front end face of the frontmost spacer 142. All friction plates 143 and spacers 142 are pressed against each other, and the rear end face of the rearmost friction plate 143 is pressed against the front end face of the pressure plate 144. A protrusion is formed in the middle of the front end face of the clamping pin 173, which is clamped in the corresponding clamping hole formed on the rear end face of the spring seat 16, and the front end face of the clamping pin 173 is pressed against the rear end face of the spring seat 16.

[0056] A limiting post 20 is clamped in the middle of the rear end face of the lower connecting shaft 18, and the limiting post 20 is inserted in the clutch housing 17. The rear end of the limiting post 20 is in the inner hub 141. A connecting hole is formed in the middle of the rear end face of the inner hub 141, and a radially extending annular groove is formed on the front inner side wall of the connecting hole. A wear plug 21 is clamped in the connecting hole, and a radially extending portion is formed on the front outer side wall of the wear plug 21. The rear end face of the wear plug 21 is pressed against the rear end face of the annular groove. The front end face of the wear plug 21 is a spherical surface, which is close to the rear end face of the limiting post 20. The wear plug 21 and the limiting post 20 can ensure the support between the lower connecting shaft 18 and the rear axle connecting shaft 14.

[0057] The middle part of the main inner cavity is movably connected with a transmission gear 30 through a bearing, and the transmission gear 30 is meshed with the lower output gear 18. The upper part of the main inner cavity is movably connected with an upper input shaft 31 through a bearing. An input gear part 32 is formed on the middle outer wall of the upper input shaft 31, and the input gear part 32 is meshed with the transmission gear 30. An axial connection through hole is formed in the middle part of the upper input shaft 31, and a spline groove is formed on the rear inner wall of the axial connection through hole. A sealing cover 33 is clamped on the front inner wall of the axial connection through hole. The rear end of the upper input shaft 31 is inserted into the connection through hole of the upper rear wall plate of the rear main reduction box 11. A rear drive motor 4000 is fixed on the outer wall of the upper rear wall plate of the rear main reduction box 11. The output shaft of the rear drive motor 4000 is a spline shaft, which is inserted into the connection through hole of the upper input shaft 31 and matches the spline groove thereon.

[0058] Further, the front drive axle 1000 includes a left axle housing 01 and a right axle housing 02 that are pressed against each other and fixed, a differential 300 is installed in the right axle housing 02, a left differential housing 310 of the differential 300 is movably connected to the left axle housing 01 through a bearing, and a right differential housing 320 of the differential 300 is movably connected to the right axle housing 02 through a bearing, and the middle parts of the two half-shaft gears 330 of the differential 300 are connected to the half-shaft 40 through a spline, and the half-shaft 40 is inserted into the middle through hole of the left axle shaft 3 that is fixed on the left axle housing 01 and extends outwards, or is inserted into the middle through hole of the right axle shaft 4 that is fixed on the right axle housing 02 and extends outwards;

[0059] A rear extension part 210 extending backward is formed on the left rear wall surface of the right axle housing 02, and a speed reduction chamber is formed between the rear extension part 210 and the rear part of the left axle housing 01. The double gear shaft 5 is in the speed reduction chamber, and its left and right ends are movably connected between the inner wall surface of the rear extension part 210 and the rear inner wall surface of the left axle housing 01 through bearings. A small gear part 51 and a large gear part 52 connected by splines are formed on the double gear shaft 5. A front axle input shaft 6 is installed in the speed reduction chamber at the rear of the double gear shaft 5, and the two ends of the front axle input shaft 6 are movably connected between the inner wall surface of the rear extension part 210 and the rear inner wall surface of the left axle housing 01 through bearings. Between the walls, an input gear portion 61 is formed on the outer wall of the front axle input shaft 6, the input gear portion 61 is meshed with the large gear portion 52, and the small gear portion 51 is meshed with the ring gear 340 fixed on the left differential case 310 (the structure of the differential 300 used in this embodiment is basically the same as a limited slip differential with Chinese patent application number 201621216247.8, except that the left end of the left differential case 310 extends to the left and is fixed with a ring gear 340, and the ring gear 340 faces the deceleration chamber, so it is not described in detail), and the right end of the front axle input shaft 6 is inserted into the through hole formed on the wall panel of the rear extension portion 210.

[0060] Furthermore, an axial through hole is formed in the middle of the front axle input shaft 6, a spline groove is formed on the inner wall of the right part, and a sealing cover is clamped in the left end of the axial through hole.

[0061] Furthermore, the outer side walls of the left bridge shaft 3 and the right bridge shaft 4 are both sleeved with outer bridge arms 7, which are fixed on the outer end faces of the left bridge housing 01 or the right bridge housing 02, and the outer side walls of the left bridge shaft 3 and the right bridge shaft 4 are tightly attached to the inner side walls of the corresponding middle axial through holes of the outer bridge arms 7.

[0062] Furthermore, a brake assembly 8 is fixed to the outer end of each of the outer bridge arms 7 .

[0063] Furthermore, a connecting hub 9 is movably connected to the outer side walls at the outer ends of the left axle shaft 3 and the right axle shaft 4 via bearings.

[0064] Furthermore, the inner end of the connecting hub 9 is fixedly connected to a brake hub 91 by bolts, and the brake hub 91 cooperates with the corresponding brake assembly 8.

[0065] Furthermore, the outer end of the connecting hub 9 is fixedly connected to the planetary wheel carrier 92 by bolts, and the middle part of the outer end of the half shaft 40 is formed with an output shaft portion 41, which is inserted into the planetary wheel carrier 92, and an external tooth portion is formed on its outer side wall. The outer end of the output shaft portion 41 is movable on the outer end plate of the planetary wheel carrier 92 through a bearing, and the planetary gear 93 is movably connected to the planetary shaft fixed on the outer end plate of the planetary wheel carrier 92 through a needle roller (bearing), and the planetary gear 93 is meshed with the external tooth portion of the output shaft portion 41. A planetary gear ring 94 is inserted inside the planetary gear carrier 93, and the planetary gears 93 are meshed with the planetary gear ring 94. Ring gear supports 360 are fixed on the outer end faces of the left bridge shaft 3 and the right bridge shaft 4. An external tooth portion is formed on the outer wall of the ring gear support 360, which is inserted into the tooth groove of the internal tooth portion at the inner end of the planetary gear ring 94 and matches with the tooth groove. Circlips are clamped on the inner wall of the planetary gear ring 94 on the left and right sides of the ring gear support 360, and the ring gear support 360 is located between the two circular springs.

[0066] In this embodiment, the front drive axle 1000 transversely sets and fixes the front drive motor 3000 on the right side wall of the rear extension part 210, and extends the input shaft of the front drive motor 3000 into the axial through hole formed in the middle of the front axle input shaft 6. It is a spline shaft, which cooperates with the spline groove formed on the right inner wall to realize transmission. It is transversely set so that it is parallel to the left bridge housing 01 and the right bridge housing 02, so that the distance between the front and back of the whole is small, thereby greatly reducing the width between the front and back of the whole, thereby reducing its space occupation between the front and back at the chassis of the corresponding vehicle, facilitating the spatial arrangement of other components of the vehicle chassis, and having a good use effect.

[0067] At the same time, it realizes the first deceleration through the double gear shaft 5 at the left bridge housing 01 and the right bridge housing 02, the input gear part 61 of the front axle input shaft 6 and the ring gear 340, and then realizes the second deceleration through the planetary wheel carrier 92 and other components, thereby achieving a better deceleration effect.

[0068] During operation, in the rear steering drive axle 2000, no oil enters the connecting oil pipe connected to the oil inlet through hole 1. At this time, the elasticity of the parking spring 163 presses against the rear wall surface of the annular limit plate 172, so that the spring seat 16 is pushed backward, thereby causing the unlocking piston 15 to move backward, so that the edge of its rear end surface presses against the rear end surface of the second step section 132. At this time, the rear end surface of the clamping pin 173 presses against the front end surface of the frontmost spacer 142, all the friction plates 143 and the spacers 142 press against each other, and the rear end surface of the rearmost friction plate 143 presses against the front end surface of the pressure plate 144. At this time, the output shaft of the drive motor fixed on the rear wall surface of the upper part of the rear main reduction box 11 extends into the axial groove formed in the middle part of the upper input shaft 31. In the connecting through hole, the spline protrusion on its outer side wall is inserted into the spline groove of the axial connecting through hole of the upper input shaft 31 and cooperates with the spline groove to realize transmission, so that the upper input shaft 31 rotates, and the transmission gear 30 is driven to rotate through the input gear part 32, and the transmission gear 30 drives the lower output gear 18 to rotate, so that the lower connecting shaft 18 rotates, and all the friction plates 143 and the spacers 142 are pressed tightly. Therefore, the rotation of the lower connecting shaft 18 drives the rear axle connecting shaft 14 to rotate, and the rear axle connecting shaft 14 drives the rear axle input shaft 12 to rotate, and the rear axle input shaft 12 drives the differential 100 to operate, thereby realizing the rotation of the two half shafts of the rear axle body 10 and the operation of the corresponding wheel hub (the rear axle body 10 of this embodiment is basically the same as the existing structure and will not be described in detail).

[0069] When the power input of the rear drive motor 4000 fixed on the upper rear wall of the rear main reduction box 11 is not needed, that is, when the operation is stopped or the four-wheel drive is changed to two-wheel drive, at this time, oil is introduced into the connecting oil pipe connected to the oil inlet hole 1 to move the unlocking piston 15 forward. At this time, the parking spring 163 is compressed, the pressure plate return spring 135 is compressed, the clamping pin 173 moves forward, the spring seat 16 and the return spring seat 134 also move forward, the friction plate 143 and the spacer 142 are separated to achieve disconnection. At this time, the rotation of the two half-axles of the rear axle body 10 will not feed back power to the drive motor, thereby ensuring the normal use of the drive motor, preventing it from being damaged, and ensuring its service life.

[0070] When the oil pipe connecting the oil inlet hole 1 stops pressurizing the oil, the corresponding components will return to their original positions through the elastic recovery of the parking spring 163 and the pressure plate return spring 135, so that the rear end face of the clamping pin 173 presses against the front end face of the frontmost spacer 142, all the friction plates 143 and spacers 142 press against each other, and the rear end face of the rearmost friction plate 143 presses against the front end face of the pressure plate 144, realizing power transmission and ensuring that the drive motor can drive the differential 100 to operate, thereby realizing the rotation of the two half-axles of the rear axle body 10 and the operation of the corresponding wheel hub.

[0071] Finally, the above implementation modes are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift, comprising a front drive axle (1000) and a rear steering drive axle (2000) fixed to a chassis of the forklift, characterized in that: The front drive axle (1000) comprises a left axle housing (01) and a right axle housing (02) connected by bolts, a differential (300) being installed in the right axle housing (02), a left differential housing (310) of the differential (300) being movably connected to the left axle housing (01) via a bearing, a right differential housing (320) of the differential (300) being movably connected to the right axle housing (02) via a bearing, the middle parts of two half-axle gears (330) of the differential (300) being connected to half-axles (400) via splines, the half-axles (400) being inserted into a middle through hole of a left axle shaft (3) extending outward fixed on the left axle housing (01) or inserted into a middle through hole of a right axle shaft (4) extending outward fixed on the right axle housing (02); A rear extension part (210) extending backward is formed on the left rear wall surface of the right axle housing (02), and a speed reduction chamber is formed between the rear extension part (210) and the rear part of the left axle housing (01). The double gear shaft (5) is in the speed reduction chamber, and its left and right ends are movably connected between the inner wall surface of the rear extension part (210) and the rear inner wall surface of the left axle housing (01) through bearings. A small gear part (51) and a large gear part (52) connected by splines are formed on the double gear shaft (5). A front axle input shaft (6) is installed in the speed reduction chamber at the rear of the double gear shaft (5), and the two ends of the front axle input shaft (6) are movably connected between the inner wall surface of the rear extension part (210) and the left axle housing (01) through bearings. An input gear portion (61) is formed on the outer wall of the front axle input shaft (6) between the rear inner wall surfaces of the bridge housing (01), the input gear portion (61) meshes with the large gear portion (52), the small gear portion (51) meshes with the gear ring (340) fixed on the left differential case (310), the right end of the front axle input shaft (6) is inserted into a through hole formed on the wall plate of the rear extension portion (210), a front drive motor (3000) is fixed on the right side wall of the rear extension portion (210), the output shaft of the front drive motor (3000) is a spline shaft, which is inserted into an axial through hole formed in the middle of the front axle input shaft (6) and matches with a spline groove formed on the right inner wall thereof; The rear steering drive axle (2000) comprises a rear axle body (10), and a rear reduction seat (111) of a rear main reduction gearbox (11) is fixedly connected to a middle front wall surface of a rear axle housing of the rear axle body (10) by bolts; The middle part of the rear reduction seat (111) is movably connected to the rear axle input shaft (12) via a bearing, and the conical tooth portion formed at the rear end of the rear axle input shaft (12) meshes with the ring gear of the differential (100) installed in the middle part of the rear axle housing of the rear axle body (10); A middle inner cavity is formed in the middle of the lower part of the rear main reduction gearbox (11), and the middle inner cavity is communicated with the main inner cavity at the front part of the rear main reduction gearbox (11); The middle inner cavity is a stepped cavity, which forms a first step section (131), a second step section (132) and a third step section (133) with gradually increasing inner diameters from back to front. An oil inlet through hole (1) is formed at the side wall between the second step section (132) and the third step section (133). The outer end of the oil inlet through hole (1) extends out of the outer wall surface of the rear main reduction box (11). A rear mounting groove extending forward is formed in the middle of the rear end surface of the lower part of the rear main reduction box (11). A central through hole is formed in the middle of the front end surface of the rear mounting groove, which communicates with the middle inner cavity. The front part of the rear reduction seat (111) is inserted into the rear mounting groove and fixedly connected to the rear main reduction box (11). The middle part of the front part of the rear reduction seat (111) is movably connected to the rear axle connecting shaft (14) through a bearing. The rear part of the rear axle connecting shaft (14) is inserted into the rearward extending groove formed in the middle of the front end surface of the rear axle input shaft (12). In the jack, the rear outer wall of the rear axle connecting shaft (14) is a spline portion, which is inserted into a spline groove formed on the inner wall of the jack, and the two cooperate with each other. The inner hub portion (141) formed at the front of the rear axle connecting shaft (14) is located in the middle inner cavity. The unlocking piston (15) is inserted into the second step section (132) and the third step section (133). A front radial extension edge portion (151) is formed on the front outer wall of the unlocking piston (15), and the front radial extension edge portion (151) is located in the third step section (133). The outer wall of the unlocking piston (15) and the outer wall of the front radial extension edge portion (151) are close to the inner wall of the second step section (132) and the third step section (133), and an annular groove is formed on the outer wall surface. The sealing ring is nested in the corresponding annular groove, and the outer wall of the sealing ring is pressed against the inner wall of the second step section (132) or the third step section (133); The middle part of the unlocking piston (15) is formed with a stepped through hole with a small inner diameter at the rear and a large inner diameter at the front. The spring seat (16) is inserted into the stepped through hole. A radially extending edge (161) is formed on the front outer wall of the spring seat (16) and is located at the front of the stepped through hole. The rear of the spring seat (16) is located in the middle of the stepped through hole. A thrust needle roller bearing (162) is installed in the front of the stepped through hole. The rear end of the radially extending edge (161) faces the thrust needle roller bearing (162). The front end surface of the force needle roller bearing (162), the clutch housing (17) is inserted into the middle through hole of the spring seat (16), the outer hub (171) at the rear of the clutch housing (17) is inserted into the first step section (131), the inner hub (141) is in the first step section (131) and inserted into the outer hub (171), and a plurality of spacers (142) and friction plates (143) are provided at the inner hub (141) and the outer hub (171); An annular limiting plate (172) extending radially outward is fixed to the front of the clutch housing (17); a plurality of mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the spring seat (16); a parking spring (163) is inserted into the corresponding mounting holes, with its front end pressed against the rear wall surface of the annular limiting plate (172) and its rear end pressed against the rear end surface of the corresponding mounting hole.

2. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: A return spring seat (134) is inserted into the third step section (133), the outer side wall of the return spring seat (134) is close to the inner side wall of the third step section (133), and the rear end face of the return spring seat (134) is pressed against the front end face of the unlocking piston (15).

3. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lower connecting shaft (18) is movably connected to the front wall plate at the lower part of the main inner cavity of the rear main reduction gearbox (11) via a bearing, a lower output gear (181) is mounted on the middle part of the lower connecting shaft (18) via a spline, and a rear end of the lower connecting shaft (18) is movably connected to a limit pressure plate (19) via a bearing, and the rear end of the limit pressure plate (19) faces the front end surface of the return spring seat (134).

4. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of first mounting holes are formed on the front end surface of the return spring seat (134), and a pressure plate return spring (135) is inserted into each first mounting hole. The rear end of the pressure plate return spring (135) is pressed against the inner end of the first mounting hole, and the front end is pressed against the rear end surface of the limiting pressure plate (19).

5. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of first positioning holes are formed on the front end face of the return spring seat (134); a radially extending annular groove is formed on the front end inner wall of each first positioning hole, the rear part of the positioning pin (136) is inserted into the corresponding first positioning hole, the radially extending edge formed on the middle outer wall of the positioning pin (136) is in the annular groove, and its rear end face is pressed against the rear end face of the annular groove, a front positioning through hole is formed at the corresponding position of the edge of the limiting pressure plate (19), and the front part of the positioning pin (136) is inserted into the corresponding front positioning through hole.

6. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the front end plate of the outer hub (171) is formed with a plurality of clamping through holes (172), and the clamping pin (173) is inserted into the clamping through hole (172). The outer wall of the clamping pin (173) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the clamping through hole (172), and the rear end face of the clamping pin (173) is pressed against the front end face of the frontmost spacer (142). A protrusion is formed in the middle of the front end face of the clamping pin (173), which is clamped in a corresponding clamping hole formed on the rear end face of the spring seat (16), and the front end face of the clamping pin (173) is pressed against the rear end face of the spring seat (16).

7. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the main inner cavity is movably connected to a transmission gear (30) through a bearing, and the transmission gear (30) is meshed with the lower output gear (18). The upper part of the main inner cavity is movably connected to an upper input shaft (31) through a bearing. An input gear part (32) is formed on the middle outer wall of the upper input shaft 31, and the input gear part (32) is meshed with the transmission gear (30). An axial connecting through hole is formed in the middle part of the upper input shaft (31), and a spline groove is formed on the rear inner wall of the axial connecting through hole. The rear end of the upper input shaft (31) is inserted into the connecting through hole of the upper rear wall plate of the rear main reduction box (11). A rear drive motor (4000) is fixed on the outer wall of the upper rear wall plate of the rear main reduction box (11). The output shaft of the rear drive motor (4000) is a spline shaft, which is inserted into the connecting through hole of the upper input shaft (31) and matches the spline groove thereon.

8. The drive axle mechanism of an off-road electric forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side walls of the left bridge shaft (3) and the right bridge shaft (4) are sleeved with an outer bridge arm (7), which is fixed on the outer end surface of the left bridge housing (01) or the right bridge housing (02), and the outer side walls of the left bridge shaft (3) and the right bridge shaft (4) are tightly attached to the inner side walls of the middle axial through holes of the corresponding outer bridge arms (7).

9. The front drive axle mechanism for an electric fork according to claim 8, characterized in that: A brake assembly (8) is fixed at the outer end of each of the outer bridge arms (7); A connecting hub (9) is movably connected to the outer side walls of the outer ends of the left axle shaft (3) and the right axle shaft (4) via a bearing; The inner end of the connecting hub (9) is fixedly connected to a brake hub (91) by means of bolts, and the brake hub (91) matches with the corresponding brake assembly (8).

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