Economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing technology
By combining heat treatment and ultrasonic vibration treatment in metal processing, the problem of uneven internal stress distribution in traditional methods is solved, and the processing of metal devices with higher accuracy and performance is achieved, and the process cost and complexity is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510016921.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
During metal processing, traditional heat treatment methods are difficult to accurately control the temperature, resulting in uneven stress distribution within the material, which in turn causes product deformation.
It adopts a cost-effective and high-precision metal device processing technology, including pre-processing, heat treatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment and finishing treatment. Heat treatment eliminates part of the internal stress, ultrasonic vibration treatment further eliminates internal stress, reduces the difficulty of temperature control of heat treatment, and improves the accuracy and performance of metal devices.
Through this process, internal stress is completely removed, reducing the difficulty of temperature control of heat treatment, achieving higher precision and higher performance metal device processing, and reducing process cost and complexity.
Smart Images
Figure CN119800040A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of metal processing, and in particular to an economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing technology. Background Art
[0002] With the increasing number of precision instruments, the demand for precision machined parts is also increasing. In the field of metal processing, in order to ensure the dimensional stability of the product after processing, traditional heat treatment methods are usually used, such as annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering. Although these traditional methods can improve the performance of the material to a certain extent, they are prone to uneven stress distribution inside the material at high temperatures, thus causing product deformation.
[0003] In the related technology, in order to reduce deformation during processing, the following methods are used: First, the traditional heat treatment method adjusts the microstructure of the material through different heating and cooling processes to achieve the required mechanical properties. The advantages are low cost and easy implementation. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to accurately control the temperature and the efficiency is not high.
[0004] Second, the chemical treatment method uses chemical solutions to treat the material surface to enhance its corrosion resistance and surface hardness. The advantage is that the operation is simple, and the disadvantage is that the effect of regulating internal stress is limited.
[0005] Third, mechanical processing method, through cutting, grinding and other methods to remove excess materials, so that the product reaches the final size, the advantage is high precision, the disadvantage is high processing cost, and it is easy to produce residual stress, resulting in subsequent deformation. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to manufacture metal devices with higher precision and higher performance with lower process costs and simpler process steps, the present application provides an economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing technology.
[0007] The present application provides an economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing technology that adopts the following technical solutions: An economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process comprises the following steps: S1. Pre-processing the predetermined metal material according to the required shape; S2. heat treating the workpiece under a predetermined temperature curve; S3, subjecting the workpiece to ultrasonic vibration treatment at a predetermined frequency and amplitude; S4. Perform fine processing on the workpiece.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, heat treatment eliminates part of the internal stress, and ultrasonic vibration eliminates part of the internal stress, so the internal stress can be eliminated more thoroughly. Moreover, since ultrasonic vibration treatment shares part of the internal stress removal, the temperature control difficulty of heat treatment can be reduced. At the same time, the difficulty of implementing ultrasonic vibration treatment is also relatively low, so it is possible to produce metal devices with higher precision and higher performance through lower process costs and simpler process steps.
[0009] Preferably, if the strength and density requirements of the metal device are relatively high, in S1, the forming process is completed by cold rolling.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, compared with the die-casting method, this design method can improve the density and strength of the workpiece after pre-processing through cold rolling, thereby improving the performance of the final metal device.
[0011] Preferably, in S2, the heat treatment comprises a temperature rising section, a temperature keeping section and a temperature falling section, and the time of the temperature rising section is shorter than that of the temperature falling section.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, rapid heating can refine the grains, keeping the temperature for a period of time can complete the phase change, and slow cooling is to gradually reduce the internal stress generated during the heating process, thereby ensuring that the internal stress of the material is evenly released and improving dimensional stability.
[0013] Preferably, in S2, during the time period of the heating section and the heat preservation section, the space where the workpiece is located is in a vacuum state, and during the time period of the cooling section, the space where the workpiece is located gradually recovers from the vacuum state to the normal pressure state.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, during the heating and insulation process, the workpiece is in a vacuum environment, which is beneficial to the stress release and organizational transformation inside the workpiece. During the cooling process, it gradually returns to normal pressure state, which can avoid the generation of excessive internal stress, thereby reducing deformation and improving dimensional stability, thereby improving the accuracy of metal devices.
[0015] Preferably, in S3, if the internal stress of the workpiece is small, the workpiece is vibrated after the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasound reach predetermined values; if the internal stress of the workpiece is large, the workpiece is vibrated by gradually increasing the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasound to predetermined values.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, firstly, workpieces with smaller internal stress can be processed quickly to improve work efficiency. Secondly, when processing workpieces with larger internal stress, the impact and damage caused by frequency mutation can be avoided, which can make the processing process smoother and more controllable, and is conducive to improving work efficiency and processing quality.
[0017] Preferably, in S3, if the difference in internal stress between different parts of the workpiece is large, ultrasonic vibration treatment is performed on different parts in sequence with a predetermined frequency and amplitude from small to large internal stress, and vibration isolation parts are provided at parts of the workpiece that do not match the corresponding frequency and amplitude.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration need to be increased as the internal stress increases. Therefore, by combining vibration isolation parts and processing methods with different frequencies and amplitudes, it is possible to prevent material damage and additional internal stress from occurring in parts where the internal stress has been eliminated due to excessive frequency and amplitude, thereby helping to improve the dimensional stability of metal devices.
[0019] Preferably, in S3, the vibration isolation member is a rubber strip adhered to the workpiece.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, vibration isolation is achieved and it is also easy to remove the vibration isolation component from the workpiece, thereby helping to keep the process simple.
[0021] Preferably, in S3, a plurality of workpieces are simultaneously subjected to ultrasonic vibration treatment, and a lubricant is added to the vibration medium liquid in which the workpieces are located.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when multiple workpieces are subjected to vibration treatment, friction between the workpieces can be prevented and reduced, thereby helping to improve the surface quality of the workpieces and also extending the service life of the ultrasonic treatment equipment.
[0023] Preferably, in S4, a low axial feed speed is used for processing to keep the workpiece at room temperature.
[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, residual stress will be generated during the processing. Therefore, by limiting the feed speed, the residual stress can be effectively controlled to avoid affecting the processing accuracy during the processing.
[0025] Preferably, in S4, the workpiece is divided into a plurality of processing areas according to the distribution of virtual structures, and after the processing of the processing areas is completed, the nano coating is sprayed on the processing areas.
[0026] By adopting the above technical solution and with the help of nano-coating, the areas that have been processed will not be affected by the finishing process, which helps to reduce the generation of internal stress and further helps to improve the accuracy of the parts.
[0027] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Heat treatment eliminates part of the internal stress, and ultrasonic vibration eliminates part of the internal stress, so the internal stress will be eliminated more thoroughly. In addition, since ultrasonic vibration treatment shares part of the internal stress removal, the temperature control difficulty of heat treatment can be reduced. At the same time, the difficulty of implementing ultrasonic vibration treatment is also relatively low, so it is possible to process metal devices with higher precision and higher performance through lower process costs and simpler process technology; 2. As the internal stress increases, the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration also need to increase. Therefore, combining vibration isolation parts and processing methods with different frequencies and amplitudes can prevent excessive frequency and amplitude from causing material damage and additional internal stress in the parts where the internal stress has been eliminated, thereby helping to improve the dimensional stability of metal devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the metal device processing technology in the embodiment of the present application.
[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram made in the embodiment of the present application to reflect the type of parts involved in this process.
[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram made to reflect the relationship between the processing area and the virtual structure on the workpiece in S4 in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This application is described in further detail.
[0032] The embodiments of the present application disclose a cost-effective, high-precision metal device processing process.
[0033] Reference Figure 1 , the economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process includes the following steps: S1. Pre-processing the predetermined metal material according to the required shape; S2. heat treating the workpiece under a predetermined temperature curve; S3, subjecting the workpiece to ultrasonic vibration treatment at a predetermined frequency and amplitude; S4. Perform fine processing on the workpiece.
[0034] According to the aforementioned process steps, it can be known that heat treatment will eliminate part of the stress, and ultrasonic vibration will also eliminate part of the internal stress, so the internal stress will be removed more thoroughly. Moreover, since ultrasonic vibration treatment shares part of the internal stress removal, the temperature control difficulty of heat treatment can be reduced. At the same time, the difficulty of implementing ultrasonic vibration treatment is also relatively low, so it is possible to produce metal devices with higher precision and higher performance through lower process costs and simpler process steps.
[0035] In this embodiment, in each step S1-S4, it is necessary to select a specific implementation method according to the actual working conditions, production costs, production cycles, and mutual influences between the steps. Therefore, there are the following settings. At the same time, in order to highlight the advantages of this process, reference is made to Figure 2 The description is given by taking thinner parts with virtual structures such as holes, grooves, notches, and curved or bent shapes as examples.
[0036] In S1, refer to Figure 2 Generally, it can be divided into two steps. First, the raw materials of predetermined size are cut out, and then the materials are formed into predetermined shapes. The forming process is related to the performance index required by the parts. If the density and strength requirements of the parts are low, die casting can be selected. If the density and strength requirements of the parts are high, cold rolling should be selected.
[0037] In S2, according to the changes in the temperature curve, the heat treatment will be divided into a heating stage, a holding stage and a cooling stage. The time of the heating stage is shorter than that of the cooling stage. In this operation mode, rapid heating can refine the grains, holding for a period of time can allow the phase change to be complete, and slow cooling can gradually reduce the internal stress generated during the heating process, thereby ensuring that the internal stress of the material is evenly released.
[0038] In S2, the workpiece will be treated in a heat treatment furnace, so the workpiece will be in a closed space. In order to reduce deformation of the workpiece and improve dimensional stability, the environment in which the workpiece is located can also be considered. For example, during the heating and insulation process, the workpiece is placed in a vacuum environment, which is conducive to the stress release and organizational transformation inside the workpiece. However, during the cooling process, the environment in which the workpiece is located must be gradually restored to normal pressure to avoid excessive internal stress. In summary, deformation can be reduced and dimensional stability can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of metal devices.
[0039] In S3, the ultrasonic vibration treatment needs to be determined according to the internal stress of the workpiece. For example, if the internal stress of the workpiece is small, first let the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration platform reach the predetermined values, and then send the workpiece into the ultrasonic vibration platform for vibration treatment. In this way, the workpiece with small internal stress can be quickly processed to improve work efficiency. If the internal stress of the workpiece is large, the frequency and amplitude are not predetermined at the beginning, but the frequency and amplitude are gradually increased to the predetermined values. The workpiece is processed in this way, which can avoid the impact and damage caused by the sudden change of frequency, so that the processing process can be more stable and controllable, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and processing quality.
[0040] In S3, if the internal stress difference between different parts of the workpiece is large, if the performance requirements of the workpiece are not very high, it can be directly processed with ultrasound of one frequency and amplitude. However, if the performance requirements of the workpiece are relatively high, different parts are processed with different frequencies and amplitudes from small to large according to the internal stress. At the same time, vibration isolation parts will be provided on the parts that do not match the corresponding frequencies and amplitudes. In this way, the parts where the internal stress has been eliminated will not be damaged by materials or generate additional internal stress due to excessive frequency and amplitude, thereby improving the dimensional stability of the metal device. In addition, considering the simplicity of the process, the vibration isolation parts are formed by sticking rubber strips on the workpiece.
[0041] In S3, from the perspective of higher work efficiency, multiple workpieces are usually vibrated together, and the ultrasonic vibration equipment is carried out in a pool with a vibration medium liquid. In order to reduce the friction between the workpieces, lubricants are added to the vibration medium liquid, which helps to improve the surface quality of the workpieces and extend the service life of the ultrasonic treatment equipment.
[0042] In S4, residual stress will be generated during the finishing process. For example, if the axial feed rate increases from 0.4mm / r to 1.2mm / r, the residual compressive stress on the workpiece surface decreases from -251.1MPa to -86.9MPa. However, when the axial feed rate exceeds 0.6mm / r, the compressive stress suddenly decreases and residual tensile stress begins to appear. At 0.8mm / r, the residual tensile stress on the workpiece surface reaches the maximum value, and then decreases sharply and returns to residual compressive stress. Therefore, in order to effectively control the residual stress, 0.4-0.6mm / r is generally selected. In summary, a low axial feed speed will be used to complete the processing, so that the workpiece will not be overheated, but will be kept at room temperature, thereby avoiding affecting the processing accuracy during the processing.
[0043] In S4, if work efficiency is not a consideration, more sophisticated grinding processes can be used, such as mirror grinding, which will not only reduce the heat of the workpiece during processing, but also increase surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy.
[0044] In S4, refer to Figure 3 In the process of finishing, in order to prevent the area that has been processed from being affected by the area being processed, the distribution of virtual structures will be divided into multiple processing areas. Generally, one virtual structure is one processing area. After each processing area is processed, a nano-coating can be sprayed on the processing area. In this way, the characteristics of the nano-coating can be used to prevent the area that has been processed from being affected by the finishing, thereby reducing the generation of internal stress and further improving the accuracy of metal devices.
[0045] The implementation principle of an economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: heat treatment eliminates part of the internal stress, and ultrasonic vibration eliminates part of the internal stress, so the internal stress can be removed more thoroughly. Moreover, since the ultrasonic vibration treatment shares part of the internal stress removal, the temperature control difficulty of the heat treatment can be reduced. At the same time, the difficulty of implementing the ultrasonic vibration treatment is also relatively low, so that metal devices with higher precision and higher performance can be manufactured through lower process costs and simpler process steps.
[0046] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Pre-processing the predetermined metal material according to the required shape; S2. heat treating the workpiece under a predetermined temperature curve; S3, subjecting the workpiece to ultrasonic vibration treatment at a predetermined frequency and amplitude; S4. Perform fine processing on the workpiece.
2. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: If the strength and density requirements of the metal device are high, then in S1, the forming process is completed by cold rolling.
3. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, the heat treatment includes a temperature rising section, a temperature keeping section and a temperature falling section, and the time of the temperature rising section is shorter than that of the temperature falling section.
4. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In S2, during the time period of the temperature rising section and the temperature keeping section, the space where the workpiece is located is in a vacuum state, and during the time period of the temperature falling section, the space where the workpiece is located gradually recovers from the vacuum state to the normal pressure state.
5. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal device processing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, if the internal stress of the workpiece is small, the workpiece is vibrated after the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic wave reach a predetermined value; if the internal stress of the workpiece is large, the workpiece is vibrated by gradually increasing the frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic wave to a predetermined value.
6. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal component processing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, if the internal stress difference between different parts of the workpiece is large, ultrasonic vibration treatment is performed on different parts in sequence with a predetermined frequency and amplitude from small to large internal stress, and vibration isolation parts are provided on parts of the workpiece that do not match the corresponding frequency and amplitude.
7. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal component processing process according to claim 6 is characterized by: In the above S3, the vibration isolating member is a rubber strip adhered to the workpiece.
8. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal component processing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, a plurality of workpieces are simultaneously subjected to ultrasonic vibration treatment, and a lubricant is added to the vibration medium liquid in which the workpieces are located.
9. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal component processing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a low axial feed speed is used for processing to keep the workpiece at room temperature.
10. The economical, efficient and high-precision metal component processing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S4, the workpiece is divided into a plurality of processing areas according to the distribution of the virtual structure, and after the processing of the processing area is completed, the nano coating is sprayed on the processing area.