High-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for new energy automobile heat pump and production process of high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for a new energy automobile heat pump and a production process of the high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The alloy is prepared from, by mass, 2.9%-3.1% of nickel, 0.9%-1.1% of iron, smaller than or equal to 0.08% of silicon, smaller than or equal to 0.03% of copper, smaller than or equal to 0.03% of magnesium, 0.9%-1.1% of manganese and the balance aluminum and inevitable impurities, the components are smelted and mixed to be prepared into alloy ingots or alloy plates, and the alloy ingots are adopted to be prepared into corresponding heat pump parts. The content of the element magnesium is reduced, and the harmful effect of the element magnesium on the toughness and thermal stability of the alloy is reduced; the content of silicon is adjusted, and the casting performance and the cutting performance of the alloy are improved; nickel is added, so that the alloy has relatively high corrosion resistance and wear resistance; by adding the manganese element, the alloy strength is improved; the alloy ingot prepared by the method has excellent casting property, mechanical property, physical property, corrosion resistance and machining property; the production process is simple, the process is simple and efficient, and mass production is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and in particular to a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for a new energy automobile heat pump and a production process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy is an alloy material widely used in industry. Aluminum element is combined with other elements to derive a variety of aluminum alloy materials, such as aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, etc. Due to the excellent performance of aluminum alloy, it has been rapidly developed in various industries. Now aluminum alloy plays an important role in aerospace, construction, and automobiles.

[0003] In the automotive industry, aluminum alloys are widely used. Various aluminum alloys are needed from car bumpers, bodies to engines. In the production of automotive heat pumps, aluminum alloy engines have been developed, which have the advantages of light weight and reduced fuel consumption. As the core component of new energy vehicles, conventional aluminum alloys cannot meet the use conditions of automotive heat pumps. This paper proposes a high-performance alloy material for manufacturing automotive heat pumps. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for new energy vehicle heat pumps and a production process thereof, and to propose a high-strength alloy having good mechanical properties, high strength, light weight, and good heat resistance. The casting structure made of the high-strength alloy has high strength and long service life.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for a new energy vehicle heat pump, the alloy is composed of the following components in mass percentage: nickel: 2.9-3.1%, iron: 0.9%-1.1%, silicon: ≤0.08%, copper: ≤0.03%, magnesium: ≤0.03%, manganese: 0.9-1.1%, and the rest is aluminum and inevitable impurities. The above components are smelted and mixed to form alloy ingots or alloy plates, and the alloy ingots are used to make corresponding heat pump components.

[0006] A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process comprises the following steps: Step 1: material smelting: first, nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese, and aluminum are put into a metal melting furnace according to mass percentage for smelting, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace is adjusted to melt and preliminarily mix the above components to obtain a first metal solution; Step 2: uniform treatment, stirring the obtained first metal solution by ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves to make it uniformly mixed, so as to obtain a second metal solution; Step 3: Casting: input the second molten metal into a vacuum casting machine, and obtain an alloy ingot through vacuum suction casting of the vacuum casting machine; Step 4: Workpiece production: the obtained alloy ingots are made into high-performance parts for automobile engines.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: in the step one, aluminum is first added to a metal melting furnace, the temperature of the metal melting furnace is increased to 800-1000°C, the aluminum is melted into aluminum liquid, nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, and manganese are then added to the aluminum liquid, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace is increased to 1800-2500°C, and after melting, an aluminum alloy solution constituting the first metal solution is obtained.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: in the step 2, the temperature in the metal melting furnace is adjusted to 760-780°C, and after standing for 10-30 minutes, the first molten metal is stirred by ultrasound or electromagnetic waves to form a fully mixed second metal solution, and the frequency of the ultrasound is 35kHz-80kHz.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: in the step three, the vacuum casting device used is connected to the metal melting furnace, and the second molten metal in the metal melting furnace can be directly input into the vacuum casting device. The vacuum casting device includes a machine base and a machine body installed on the machine base. The bottom of the machine base has a bottom plate, and the bottom plate has an extension section. The metal melting furnace is arranged on the extension section. The metal melting furnace has a feed port. A PLC controller is arranged in the machine base, and the PLC controller is used to control the vacuum casting device and the metal melting furnace.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the body includes an outer shell and a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber is located inside the outer shell, the outer shell is provided with a plurality of pipes communicating with the vacuum chamber, the outer shell is provided with a sealing door, one end of the sealing door is hinged to the outer shell, and the outer shell is also provided with a locking member for locking the sealing door, the locking member is hinged to the outer shell, a hand wheel is provided on the locking member, and the sealing door is provided with an observation window.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: sealing members are respectively provided on the surfaces opposite to the sealing door, the sealing members are a receiving member arranged on the housing and a plug-in member arranged on the sealing door, the receiving member is annular, the receiving member has a receiving groove, the receiving member is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, and its Shore hardness is 28-35, the plug-in member is "T"-shaped, and its protruding part faces the receiving groove, the plug-in member is adhered to the sealing door, and the plug-in member is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 28-35. When in use, it moves synchronously with the sealing door and is then inserted into the receiving groove.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the pipeline includes a feed pipe, a discharge pipe, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the feed pipe and the discharge pipe are arranged on two sides of the shell opposite to each other, the feed pipe is connected to the metal melting furnace, the discharge pipe is used to send out the alloy ingots, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are both arranged on the top of the shell, the air inlet pipe is used to inject inert gas into the vacuum chamber, the air outlet pipe is used to evacuate the vacuum chamber, and a pressure sensor is also provided on the shell on one side of the air inlet pipe, and at least a portion of the pressure sensor extends into the vacuum chamber.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the content of elemental magnesium is reduced, thereby reducing its harmful effects on the toughness and thermal stability of the alloy; the content of silicon is adjusted, thereby improving the casting performance and cutting performance of the alloy; and nickel is added to make the alloy have higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance; the addition of manganese element improves the strength of the alloy; the alloy ingot prepared by the above method has excellent casting performance, mechanical properties, physical properties, corrosion resistance and machining performance; its production process is simple, the process is concise and efficient, and it is conducive to mass production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vacuum casting device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the vacuum chamber structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. metal melting furnace; 2. vacuum casting device; 3. machine base; 31. bottom plate; 4. machine body; 5. vacuum chamber; 51. forming mold; 6. shell; 7. feed pipe; 8. discharge pipe; 9. air inlet pipe; 10. air outlet pipe; 11. sealing door; 12. observation window; 13. locking piece; 14. hand wheel; 15. sealing piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] The present invention discloses a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for a heat pump of a new energy vehicle, which has good casting performance and physical properties and can be used for casting a heat pump of a new energy vehicle. The alloy is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: nickel: 2.9-3.1%, iron: 0.9%-1.1%, silicon: ≤0.08%, copper: ≤0.03%, magnesium: ≤0.03%, manganese: 0.9-1.1%, and the rest is aluminum and inevitable impurities. The above components are smelted and mixed to form an alloy ingot or an alloy plate, and the alloy ingot is used to make corresponding heat pump components; the magnesium element in the aluminum alloy material will generate a strengthening phase with the aluminum element and the silicon element, playing a role of solid solution strengthening. The effect of silicon and magnesium is to improve the strength of aluminum alloy materials. Based on this, the silicon element plays the same role as the magnesium element. In addition to the aging strengthening by forming CuAl2 with aluminum element, the copper element also has a good solid solution strengthening effect to improve the strength of aluminum alloy materials. The manganese element forms MnAl6 compounds with aluminum element in the aluminum alloy material, which can effectively prevent the problem of grain growth during recrystallization of the aluminum alloy material, thereby significantly refining the recrystallized particles. The nickel element can be highly polished and corrosion-resistant. Based on this, the alloy ingot made with the above-mentioned component ratio has excellent casting properties, mechanical properties, physical properties, corrosion resistance and machining properties.

[0018] like Figure 3 As shown, according to the embodiment of the present application, a high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process is also provided, which can be used to prepare the aluminum alloy material of the above scheme, comprising the following steps: Step 1: material smelting. First, nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese and aluminum are put into a metal melting furnace 1 according to mass percentage for smelting. The temperature in the metal melting furnace 1 is adjusted to melt and preliminarily mix the above components to obtain a first metal solution. Step 2: uniform treatment, stirring the obtained first metal solution by ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves to make it uniformly mixed, so as to obtain a second metal solution; Step 3: Casting: input the second molten metal into a vacuum casting machine, and obtain an alloy ingot through vacuum suction casting of the vacuum casting machine; Step 4: Workpiece production: the obtained alloy ingot is made into high-performance parts for automobile engines; Among them, the metal melting furnace 1 is used to melt and mix the raw materials of each component. During the preparation, aluminum is first added to the metal melting furnace 1, and the temperature of the metal melting furnace 1 is increased to 800-1000°C, preferably 900°C, so that the aluminum is melted into aluminum liquid, and then nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, and manganese are added to the aluminum liquid, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace 1 is increased to 1800-2500°C, which can melt the above metals with higher melting points. After melting, an aluminum alloy solution constituting the first metal solution is obtained, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace 1 is reduced to 760-780°C, preferably 750°C, and it is allowed to stand for 10-30 minutes, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace 1 is continued to be reduced as the standing time increases. After at least 20 minutes, the temperature in the metal melting furnace 1 will reach 700°C. The aluminum-silicon-magnesium-copper alloy solution is shaken and stirred by ultrasonic technology. The ultrasonic frequency used is 35kHz-80kHz, so that the solutions of each component are evenly mixed to obtain a second metal solution for casting. The evenly mixed second metal solution is then transported to the vacuum casting device 2, and the second metal solution is cast and formed by the vacuum casting device 2 to obtain an alloy ingot. Finally, the alloy ingot is used to manufacture automobile engines or related parts on the engine. The alloy ingot made by the above method is light in weight, high in strength, has good mechanical properties and high temperature resistance, and is beneficial to improving the service life of the automobile engine.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the vacuum casting device 2 provided by the present invention is used to make an alloy ingot from a second metal solution. The vacuum casting device 2 includes a machine base 3 and a machine body 4. The machine base 3 is provided with a bottom plate 31, and the bottom plate 31 is used to support the machine base 3 and the metal melting furnace 1. The lower end surface of the bottom plate 31 is provided with a plurality of supporting feet. The machine base 3 is installed on one side of the upper end surface of the bottom plate 31, and the metal melting furnace 1 is installed opposite to it on the other side of the upper end surface of the bottom plate 31, and the metal melting furnace 1 is connected to the vacuum casting device 2. The machine base 3 is used to install electrical equipment, such as a PLC controller for controlling the vacuum casting device 2 and the metal melting furnace 1.

[0020] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the machine body 4 is installed at the upper end of the machine base 3, and the machine body 4 is composed of an outer shell 6 and a vacuum chamber 5 enclosed in the inner part of the outer shell 6. A plurality of pipes are arranged on the outer shell 6, and the plurality of pipes are communicated with the vacuum chamber 5; specifically, the plurality of pipes are a feed pipe 7, a discharge pipe 8, an air inlet pipe 9 and an air outlet pipe 10, and the feed pipe 7 and the discharge pipe 8 are arranged on both sides of the outer shell 6 opposite to each other, the feed pipe 7 is connected to the metal melting furnace 1, the discharge pipe 8 is used to send out the alloy ingot, the air inlet pipe 9 and the air outlet pipe 10 are both arranged on the top of the outer shell 6, the air inlet pipe 9 is used to inject inert gas into the vacuum chamber 5, and the air outlet pipe 10 is used to evacuate the vacuum chamber 5, and a pressure sensor is also arranged on the shell on one side of the air inlet pipe 9, and at least a part of the pressure sensor extends into the vacuum chamber 5, and a forming mold 51 is also arranged in the vacuum chamber 5, and the vacuum chamber 5 uses the forming mold 51 to form the second metal solution into an alloy ingot by vacuum suction casting.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a sealing door 11 is further provided at one end of the housing 6, one end of the sealing door 11 is hinged to one side of the housing 6, the sealing door 11 is semicircular, and an observation window 12 is further provided on the sealing door 11, and the observation window 12 is used to observe the situation in the vacuum chamber 5 from the outside, and a locking member 13 is further provided on the other side of the housing 6, and at least a part of the locking member 13 is hinged to the housing 6, and the locking member 13 is "L" shaped, and the bent part of the locking member 13 is clamped on the sealing door 11, and the locking member 13 is also provided There is a hand wheel 14 that runs through its thickness. When the sealing door 11 is closed, the hand wheel 14 is tightened so that the rod running through the hand wheel 14 is squeezed on the sealing door 11 to strengthen the sealing between the sealing door 11 and the shell 6; and sealing members 15 are respectively provided on the opposite surfaces of the sealing door 11 and the shell 6. The sealing member 15 includes a plug-in member arranged on the sealing door 11 and a receiving member arranged on the shell 6. The plug-in member and the receiving member are both made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 28-35. The receiving member is annular and is adhered to the shell 6 by high-temperature resistant glue, or fastened by bolts. After the receiving member is installed in place, a recessed receiving groove is provided on the side facing the sealing door 11. The plug-in member is fixed to the side of the sealing door 11 facing the shell 6 by high-temperature resistant glue or bolts. The plug-in member is annular and has a "T"-shaped cross-sectional structure. After the installation is completed, the convex part of the plug-in member faces the receiving groove. When in use, the plug-in member moves synchronously with the sealing door 11. When the vacuum chamber 5 needs to be sealed When sealing, the sealing door 11 is closed, the connector is inserted into the receiving part, specifically, the raised part of the connector is inserted into the receiving groove, and then the locking piece 13 is rotated to the front of the sealing door 11, and the locking piece 13 buckles the edge of one side of the sealing door 11 with a part of the shell 6, and finally the hand wheel 14 is tightened, and the rod of the hand wheel 14 is tightly pressed on the sealing door 11, so that the sealing door 11 and the shell 6 are sealed. The sealing door 11 is opened, and the hand wheel 14 is rotated in the reverse direction to make the rod of the hand wheel 14 separate from the sealing door 11.

[0022] In summary, the present invention reduces the harmful effects of elemental magnesium on the toughness and thermal stability of the alloy by reducing the content of elemental magnesium; adjusts the content of silicon to improve the casting performance and cutting performance of the alloy; and through strontium modification, the alloy has a higher density, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the alloy; the addition of titanium element improves the strength of the alloy and higher high temperature resistance. The alloy ingot prepared by the above has excellent casting performance, mechanical properties, physical properties, corrosion resistance and machining performance; the production process is simple, the process is concise and efficient, and is conducive to mass production.

[0023] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy for a new energy vehicle heat pump, characterized in that: The alloy is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: nickel: 2.9-3.1%, iron: 0.9%-1.1%, silicon: ≤0.08%, copper: ≤0.03%, magnesium: ≤0.03%, manganese: 0.9-1.1%, and the rest is aluminum and inevitable impurities. The above components are smelted and mixed to form alloy ingots or alloy plates, and the alloy ingots are used to make corresponding heat pump components.

2. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process for producing the alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: material smelting. First, nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese and aluminum are put into a metal melting furnace (1) according to mass percentage for smelting. The temperature in the metal melting furnace (1) is adjusted to melt and preliminarily mix the above components to obtain a first metal solution. Step 2: uniform treatment, stirring the obtained first metal solution by ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves to make it uniformly mixed, so as to obtain a second metal solution; Step 3: Casting: input the second molten metal into a vacuum casting machine, and obtain an alloy ingot through vacuum suction casting of the vacuum casting machine; Step 4: Workpiece production: the obtained alloy ingots are made into high-performance parts for automobile engines.

3. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, aluminum is first added to a metal melting furnace (1), and the temperature of the metal melting furnace (1) is increased to 800-1000° C. to melt the aluminum into aluminum liquid. Then, nickel, iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, and manganese are added to the aluminum liquid, and the temperature in the metal melting furnace (1) is increased to 1800-2500° C. to obtain an aluminum alloy solution constituting a first metal solution after melting.

4. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, the temperature in the metal melting furnace (1) is adjusted to 760-780°C, and after standing for 10-30 minutes, the first metal solution is stirred by ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves to form a fully mixed second metal solution, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 35kHz-80kHz.

5. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the step three, the vacuum casting device (2) used is connected to the metal melting furnace (1), and the second metal liquid in the metal melting furnace (1) can be directly input into the vacuum casting device (2). The vacuum casting device (2) includes a machine base (3) and a machine body (4) installed on the machine base (3). The bottom of the machine base (3) has a bottom plate (31), and the bottom plate (31) has an extension section. The metal melting furnace (1) is arranged on the extension section. The metal melting furnace (1) has a feed port. A PLC controller is arranged in the machine base (3), and the PLC controller is used to control the vacuum casting device (2) and the metal melting furnace (1).

6. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The machine body (4) comprises an outer shell (6) and a vacuum chamber (5), wherein the vacuum chamber (5) is located inside the outer shell (6), and the outer shell (6) is provided with a plurality of pipes communicating with the vacuum chamber (5), and the outer shell (6) is provided with a sealing door (11), one end of the sealing door (11) is hinged to the outer shell (6), and the outer shell (6) is also provided with a locking member (13) for locking the sealing door (11), the locking member (13) is hinged to the outer shell (6), and a hand wheel (14) is provided on the locking member (13), and an observation window (12) is provided on the sealing door (11).

7. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The surfaces of the housing (6) and the sealing door (11) opposite to each other are respectively provided with sealing members (15). The sealing members (15) are a receiving member arranged on the housing (6) and a plug-in member arranged on the sealing door (11). The receiving member is annular and has a receiving groove. The receiving member is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 28-35. The plug-in member is "T"-shaped, with a protruding portion facing the receiving groove. The plug-in member is adhered to the sealing door (11). The plug-in member is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 28-35. When in use, it moves synchronously with the sealing door (11) and is then inserted into the receiving groove.

8. A high-strength AlNi3Fe aluminum alloy production process as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The pipeline comprises a feed pipe (7), a discharge pipe (8), an air inlet pipe (9) and an air outlet pipe (10); the feed pipe (7) and the discharge pipe (8) are arranged on two sides of the outer shell (6) opposite to each other; the feed pipe (7) is connected to the metal melting furnace (1); the discharge pipe (8) is used to deliver the alloy ingot; the air inlet pipe (9) and the air outlet pipe (10) are both arranged on the top of the outer shell (6); the air inlet pipe (9) is used to inject inert gas into the vacuum chamber (5); the air outlet pipe (10) is used to evacuate the vacuum chamber (5); a pressure sensor is also provided on the shell on one side of the air inlet pipe (9); at least a portion of the pressure sensor extends into the vacuum chamber (5).

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