Aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and 3D printing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method, in particular to the technical field of additive manufacturing, the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 1-4.2% of Mn and 0.5-4% of Mg, and the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg is smaller than or equal to 6%; ti, Sc or Zr, and the total mass percentage content is less than or equal to 1.5%; and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. According to the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing, through reasonable design of the types and composition of the elements in the material and a proper heat treatment process, a product obtained through 3D printing has good performance, synchronous improvement of strength and fracture toughness is achieved, and improvement of the use performance of the 3D printing aluminum alloy product is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method. Background Art

[0002] At present, high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy materials and complex components formed and manufactured by metal 3D printing technology can be used in many key fields, such as aerospace, rail transportation, etc., and have broad market prospects and important application value.

[0003] However, the composition of conventional high-strength deformed aluminum alloy materials is not suitable for 3D printing technology. The extremely high cooling rate and temperature gradient during 3D printing lead to a large number of micro thermal cracks inside the material, and the mechanical properties are far lower than those of traditionally manufactured deformed aluminum alloys. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new high-strength aluminum alloy materials suitable for the process characteristics of 3D printing technology.

[0004] CN111168054A discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder and a preparation method thereof, comprising alloying elements Mg, alloying elements Mn, alloying elements Zr, alloying elements Ni, alloying elements Fe, alloying elements Mo and alloying elements Al; wherein, based on the mass of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing, the alloying element Mg is 5.5-9%, the alloying element Mn is 1.5-2.5%, the alloying element Zr is 0.2-1.2%, the alloying element Ni is 0.2-0.45%, the alloying element Fe is 0.1-0.35%, the alloying element Mo is 0.1-0.40%, and the balance is the alloying element Al.

[0005] CN114277285A discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy powder, which comprises, by mass percentage, 4.2-6.0wt% Mn, 1.2-3.0wt% Mg, 0.6-1.0wt% Sc, 0.05-0.6wt% Zr, 0.01-0.2wt% Si, 0.01-0.2wt% Fe, and the remainder Al.

[0006] However, the high-strength aluminum alloy materials disclosed above for 3D printing technology do not produce thermal cracks during printing, and the strength exceeds 500MPa after aging strengthening. However, the fracture toughness of these high-strength aluminum alloys is only 20MPa·m 1 / 2 The fracture toughness decreases rapidly with the increase of strength. The fracture toughness of 3D printed high-strength aluminum alloy is much lower than that of traditionally manufactured deformed aluminum alloy (more than 30MPa·m 1 / 2). Having high strength and sufficient fracture toughness is the key to ensure the stable service of important structural parts. Therefore, it is very important to develop aluminum alloy materials for 3D printing that are free of thermal cracks, high strength, and high toughness. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method to solve the problem of low strength and fracture toughness of products printed with the existing aluminum alloy material for 3D printing.

[0008] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing, wherein the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing comprises, by weight percentage:

[0010] Mn 1-4.2%, Mg 0.5-4%, the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg ≤ 6%;

[0011] Two of Ti, Sc or Zr, with a total mass percentage of ≤1.5%;

[0012] The balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0013] The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing provided by the present invention makes reasonable design of the types and compositions of elements in the material so that the products obtained by 3D printing have good performance, achieves simultaneous improvement of strength and fracture toughness, and is beneficial to the improvement of the performance of 3D printed aluminum alloy products.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing contains, by mass percentage, the following: Ti 0.5-1.2%, Sc 0.3-1%, and Zr 0.4-1%.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a 3D printing method, comprising: performing 3D printing using the 3D printing aluminum alloy material as described in the first aspect, and then performing heat treatment to obtain a 3D printed aluminum alloy product.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the 3D printing method includes laser powder bed fusion.

[0017] Preferably, the power of the laser in the 3D printing is 200-450W.

[0018] Preferably, the laser scanning speed in the 3D printing is 800-1300 mm / s.

[0019] Preferably, the laser scanning spacing in the 3D printing is 0.08-0.13 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the powder layer thickness in the 3D printing is 20-80 μm.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≥2.5%, the heat treatment includes a first heat treatment and a first cooling performed sequentially.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 3-10°C / min.

[0023] Preferably, the holding temperature of the first heat treatment is 230-400°C.

[0024] Preferably, the holding time of the first heat treatment is 0.5-10h.

[0025] Preferably, the first cooling method includes air cooling.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is less than 2.5%, the heat treatment includes a second heat treatment, a second cooling, a third heat treatment and a third cooling performed in sequence.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heating rate of the second heat treatment is 3-10°C / min.

[0028] Preferably, the holding temperature of the second heat treatment is 450-600°C.

[0029] Preferably, the holding time of the second heat treatment is 1-2h.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heating rate of the third heat treatment is 3-10°C / min.

[0031] Preferably, the holding temperature of the third heat treatment is 230-400°C.

[0032] Preferably, the holding time of the third heat treatment is 0.5-10h.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the second cooling method includes water cooling.

[0034] Preferably, the third cooling method includes air cooling.

[0035] Compared with the prior art solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The present invention adds Sc, Ti, and Zr elements to precipitate Al3Ti, Al3Sc, and Al3Zr particles or composite particles during the solidification process, which serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the aluminum substrate (α-Al), thereby achieving the effect of grain refinement. Compared with other elements, the lattice constant mismatch rates of Al3Ti, Al3Sc, and Al3Zr with α-Al are low, namely -2.04%, 1.32%, and -0.88%, respectively, and form an L12 type crystal structure, which has the highest consistency with α-Al (FCC) and the crystal structure, so the heterogeneous nucleation effect is optimal; however, when the addition ratio is too high or there are too many types, brittle and larger particles are easily formed, which reduces the performance. Therefore, the aluminum alloy material described in the present invention only uses two of Sc, Ti, and Zr, and the total mass percentage is controlled within 1.5%.

[0037] (2) Mn and Mg mainly play the role of solid solution strengthening. When the Mg content is too high, due to its low boiling point and high saturated vapor pressure at high temperature, it will burn out during the printing process, produce a large amount of splashes, and easily cause defects and reduce performance. At the same time, the extremely fine pure Mg particles produced after Mg burnout will also greatly increase the danger during the filter element treatment process. Mn mainly plays the role of replacing part of Mg, but when the content is too high, it is easy to produce brittle Al-Mn compounds and reduce performance. Therefore, the present invention controls the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg to within 6%.

[0038] (3) Under limited composition conditions, the present invention achieves the effect of increasing toughness by regulating the microstructure through 3D printing forming process combined with heat treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To better illustrate the present invention and facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, typical but non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing, which includes, by mass percentage:

[0041] Mn 1-4.2%, Mg 0.5-4%, the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg ≤ 6%;

[0042] Two of Ti, Sc or Zr, with a total mass percentage of ≤1.5%;

[0043] The balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0044] In the present invention, the Mn content of the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 1-4.2% by mass percentage, for example, it can be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% or 4.2%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0045] In the present invention, the Mg content of the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 0.5-4% by mass, for example, it can be 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% or 4%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0046] In the present invention, the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≤6%, for example, it can be 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0047] In the present invention, the total mass percentage of two of Ti, Sc or Zr in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≤1.5%, for example, it can be 1.5%, 1.4%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 1% or 0.7%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0048] Among them, Ti 0.5-1.2%, Sc 0.3-1%, and Zr 0.4-1%.

[0049] In the present invention, the mass percentage of Ti, Sc and Zr is limited by determining the type of elements used under the aforementioned limitations and then selecting the corresponding mass percentage.

[0050] In the present invention, the mass percentage of Ti in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 0.5-1.2%, for example, it can be 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1% or 1.2%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0051] In the present invention, the mass percentage of Sc in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 0.3-1%, for example, it can be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0052] In the present invention, the Zr content in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 0.4-1% by mass, for example, it can be 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0053] In the present invention, an exemplary preparation process of the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is as follows: ingredients are prepared according to a formula, followed by smelting, and after qualified smelting, atomization and powdering or molding into wires and other raw materials commonly used in the field for 3D printing are performed for 3D printing. The parameters involved in the preparation process can be selected according to conventional designs in the field to ensure that the element content limit of the present invention is met.

[0054] Furthermore, the present invention provides a 3D printing method, comprising using the aforementioned 3D printing aluminum alloy material to perform 3D printing, followed by heat treatment to obtain a 3D printed aluminum alloy product.

[0055] Among them, the method used in 3D printing can adopt the commonly used printing methods in the field, such as powder bed fusion, etc. When a powder printing material is used, the particle size range of the powder is 10-100 μm, and when a wire is used, the diameter of the wire is 0.5-1.5 mm.

[0056] In the present invention, the particle size range of the powder used in the printing process is an aggregate of particles with a particle size within a certain range, for example, an aggregate of all particles within a particle size range of 20-63 μm, or an aggregate of all particles within a particle size range of 15-53 μm, or an aggregate of all particles within a particle size range of 25-90 μm, or an aggregate of all particles within a particle size range of 10-70 μm, etc.

[0057] Wherein, the 3D printing method includes laser powder bed melting.

[0058] Among them, the power of the laser in the 3D printing is 200-450W, for example, it can be 200W, 200W, 220W, 240W, 260W, 280W, 300W, 320W, 340W, 360W, 380W, 400W, 420W, 440W or 450W, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0059] Among them, the laser scanning speed in the 3D printing is 800-1300mm / s, for example, it can be 800mm / s, 850mm / s, 900mm / s, 950mm / s, 1000mm / s, 1050mm / s, 1100mm / s, 1150mm / s, 1200mm / s, 1250mm / s or 1300mm / s, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0060] Among them, the laser scanning spacing in the 3D printing is 0.08-0.13mm, for example, it can be 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, 0.11mm, 0.12mm or 0.13mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed in this range also meet the requirements.

[0061] Among them, the powder layer thickness in the 3D printing is 20-80 μm, for example, it can be 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm or 80 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0062] Wherein, when the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≥2.5%, the heat treatment includes a first heat treatment and a first cooling performed sequentially;

[0063] Among them, the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 3-10℃ / min, for example, it can be 3℃ / min, 4℃ / min, 5℃ / min, 6℃ / min, 7℃ / min, 8℃ / min, 9℃ / min or 10℃ / min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0064] Among them, the insulation temperature of the first heat treatment is 230-400℃, for example, it can be 230℃, 240℃, 260℃, 280℃, 300℃, 320℃, 340℃, 360℃, 380℃ or 400℃, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range also meet the requirements.

[0065] Among them, the holding time of the first heat treatment is 0.5-10h, for example, it can be 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h or 10h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0066] Wherein, the first cooling method includes air cooling.

[0067] Wherein, when the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is less than 2.5%, the heat treatment includes a second heat treatment, a second cooling, a third heat treatment and a third cooling performed in sequence.

[0068] Among them, the heating rate of the second heat treatment is 3-10℃ / min, for example, it can be 3℃ / min, 4℃ / min, 5℃ / min, 6℃ / min, 7℃ / min, 8℃ / min, 9℃ / min or 10℃ / min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0069] Among them, the insulation temperature of the second heat treatment is 450-600℃, for example, it can be 450℃, 460℃, 480℃, 500℃, 520℃, 540℃, 560℃, 580℃ or 600℃, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0070] Among them, the holding time of the second heat treatment is 1-2h, for example, it can be 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h or 2h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0071] Wherein, the second cooling method includes water cooling.

[0072] Among them, the heating rate of the third heat treatment is 3-10℃ / min, for example, it can be 3℃ / min, 4℃ / min, 5℃ / min, 6℃ / min, 7℃ / min, 8℃ / min, 9℃ / min or 10℃ / min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0073] Among them, the insulation temperature of the third heat treatment is 230-400℃, for example, it can be 230℃, 240℃, 260℃, 280℃, 300℃, 320℃, 340℃, 360℃, 380℃ or 400℃, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0074] Among them, the holding time of the third heat treatment is 0.5-10h, for example, it can be 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.8h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h or 10h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within this range also meet the requirements.

[0075] Wherein, the third cooling method includes air cooling.

[0076] Furthermore, in order to illustrate the excellent mechanical properties that can be achieved by the products printed by the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing provided by the present invention, actual examples are used for illustration, as follows:

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method. The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing includes, by weight percentage:

[0079] Mn 2%, Mg 3%, Ti 1%, Sc 0.5%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0080] The 3D printing process is as follows:

[0081] 3D printing is performed using aluminum alloy materials for 3D printing, followed by heat treatment to obtain 3D printed aluminum alloy products;

[0082] The 3D printing method is laser powder bed fusion, the powder particle size is 15-53μm, the laser power in 3D printing is 300W, the laser scanning speed is 1000mm / s, the laser scanning interval is 0.1mm, and the powder layer thickness is 40μm;

[0083] The mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is less than 2.5%, and the heat treatment includes a second heat treatment, a second cooling, a third heat treatment and a third cooling performed in sequence; the heating rate of the second heat treatment is 6°C / min; the holding temperature of the second heat treatment is 500°C; the holding time of the second heat treatment is 1.5h; the second cooling method is water cooling; the heating rate of the third heat treatment is 5°C / min; the holding temperature of the third heat treatment is 300°C; the holding time of the third heat treatment is 5h; the third cooling method is air cooling.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method. The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing includes, by weight percentage:

[0086] Mn 3%, Mg 2%, Sc 0.8%, Zr 0.7%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0087] The 3D printing process is as follows:

[0088] 3D printing is performed using aluminum alloy materials for 3D printing, followed by heat treatment to obtain 3D printed aluminum alloy products;

[0089] The 3D printing method is laser powder bed fusion, the powder particle size is 15-53μm, the laser power in 3D printing is 400W, the laser scanning speed is 1200mm / s, the laser scanning spacing is 0.12mm, and the powder layer thickness is 60μm;

[0090] The mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≥2.5%, and the heat treatment includes a first heat treatment and a first cooling performed sequentially; the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 8°C / min; the holding temperature of the first heat treatment is 350°C; the holding time of the first heat treatment is 6h; and the first cooling method is air cooling.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method. The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing includes, by weight percentage:

[0093] Mn 1%, Mg 4%, Ti 0.5%, Zr 0.4%, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.

[0094] The 3D printing process is as follows:

[0095] 3D printing is performed using aluminum alloy materials for 3D printing, followed by heat treatment to obtain 3D printed aluminum alloy products;

[0096] The 3D printing method includes laser powder bed fusion, the powder particle size is 15-53μm, the laser power in 3D printing is 200W, the laser scanning speed is 800mm / s, the laser scanning spacing is 0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 20μm;

[0097] The mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is less than 2.5%, and the heat treatment includes a second heat treatment, a second cooling, a third heat treatment and a third cooling performed in sequence; the heating rate of the second heat treatment is 3°C / min; the holding temperature of the second heat treatment is 450°C; the holding time of the second heat treatment is 2h; the second cooling method is water cooling; the heating rate of the third heat treatment is 10°C / min; the holding temperature of the third heat treatment is 230°C; the holding time of the third heat treatment is 10h; the third cooling method is air cooling.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy material for 3D printing and a 3D printing method. The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing includes, by weight percentage:

[0100] Mn 4.2%, Mg 0.5%, Sc 1%, Zr 0.4%, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.

[0101] The 3D printing process is as follows:

[0102] 3D printing is performed using aluminum alloy materials for 3D printing, followed by heat treatment to obtain 3D printed aluminum alloy products;

[0103] The 3D printing method includes laser powder bed fusion, the powder particle size is 15-53μm, the laser power in 3D printing is 450W, the laser scanning speed is 1300mm / s, the laser scanning spacing is 0.08mm, and the powder layer thickness is 80μm;

[0104] The mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≥2.5%, and the heat treatment includes a first heat treatment and a first cooling performed sequentially; the heating rate of the first heat treatment is 3°C / min; the holding temperature of the first heat treatment is 400°C; the holding time of the first heat treatment is 0.5h; and the first cooling method is air cooling.

[0105] Comparative Example 1

[0106] The only difference from Example 1 is that the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing contains 0.6% by mass of Zr.

[0107] Comparative Example 2

[0108] The only difference from Example 3 is that the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing contains 0.6% by mass of Sc.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] The only difference from Example 1 is that the mass percentage of Sc in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is 1%.

[0111] Comparative Example 4

[0112] The only difference from Example 1 is that no heat treatment is performed.

[0113] Comparative Example 5

[0114] The only difference from Example 1 is that only the second heat treatment and the second cooling are performed in the heat treatment.

[0115] Comparative Example 6

[0116] The only difference from Example 1 is that only the second heat treatment is performed at a holding temperature of 300°C.

[0117] Comparative Example 7

[0118] The only difference from Example 1 is that only the third heat treatment is performed at a holding temperature of 500°C.

[0119] Comparative Example 8

[0120] The only difference from Example 2 is that the holding temperature of the first heat treatment is 500°C.

[0121] The mechanical properties of the products obtained in the embodiments and comparative examples were tested, the room temperature tensile properties (strength and elongation) were tested in accordance with GB / T 228.1-2021, and the fracture toughness was tested in accordance with GB / T4161-2007.

[0122] Table 1

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] As can be seen from Table 1, in the solution provided by the present invention, by controlling the ratio and content of the three selected heterogeneous nucleation elements Sc, Ti, and Zr, it is possible to avoid the generation of excessive brittle phases, which will lead to a simultaneous decrease in strength and toughness and plasticity. In addition, a suitable heat treatment system and heat treatment temperature can make the generated second phase particles present a uniform and fine distribution, improve the performance, and avoid the generation of brittle phases at the grain boundaries.

[0126] It is stated that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed structural features to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of the components selected by the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0127] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0128] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0129] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy material for 3D printing, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing includes, by mass percentage: Mn 1-4.2%, Mg 0.5-4%, the total mass percentage of Mn and Mg ≤ 6%; Two of Ti, Sc or Zr, with a total mass percentage of ≤1.5%; The balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

2. The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy material for 3D printing contains, by mass percentage, 0.5-1.2% Ti, 0.3-1% Sc, and 0.4-1% Zr.

3. A 3D printing method, characterized in that: The 3D printing method comprises: performing 3D printing using the 3D printing aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and then performing heat treatment to obtain a 3D printed aluminum alloy product.

4. The 3D printing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The 3D printing method includes laser powder bed melting; The power of the laser in the 3D printing is 200-450W; The laser scanning speed in the 3D printing is 800-1300 mm / s; The laser scanning spacing in the 3D printing is 0.08-0.13mm; The powder layer thickness in the 3D printing is 20-80 μm.

5. The 3D printing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is ≥2.5%, the heat treatment includes a first heat treatment and a first cooling performed sequentially.

6. The 3D printing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating rate of the first heat treatment is 3-10°C / min; The first heat treatment is carried out at a holding temperature of 230-400°C; The holding time of the first heat treatment is 0.5-10h; The first cooling method includes air cooling.

7. The 3D printing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the mass percentage of Mn in the aluminum alloy material for 3D printing is less than 2.5%, the heat treatment includes a second heat treatment, a second cooling, a third heat treatment and a third cooling performed in sequence.

8. The 3D printing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heating rate of the second heat treatment is 3-10°C / min; The holding temperature of the second heat treatment is 450-600°C; The holding time of the second heat treatment is 1-2h.

9. The 3D printing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heating rate of the third heat treatment is 3-10°C / min; The holding temperature of the third heat treatment is 230-400°C; The holding time of the third heat treatment is 0.5-10h.

10. The 3D printing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second cooling method includes water cooling; The third cooling method includes air cooling.

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