Mining method tunnel main cave and cavern lining device and combined rapid construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining method tunnel main tunnel and cavern lining device and a combined rapid construction method, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and the method comprises the steps that a main tunnel comprises a main tunnel lining structure system, a main tunnel lining trolley and a main tunnel lining structure system, the cavern comprises a cavern lining structure system, wherein a cavern template is arranged in the section of a cavern body of the cavern lining structure system; a cavern arch frame is arranged in a cavern space formed by the cavern formworks, and a cavern formwork supporting structure is arranged on the cavern arch frame; the relative position between the cavern formwork and the main tunnel lining trolley is adjusted, so that the cavern formwork is tightly attached to the outer arc face of the formwork of the main tunnel lining trolley, and in the concrete pouring stage, the main tunnel and the cavern are jointly and synchronously constructed. The cavern formwork is tightly attached to the outer arc face of the main tunnel lining trolley formwork, and gaps are reduced; and for the cavern part, a post-cast strip of the main cavern does not need to be independently arranged, and complicated design and reinforcement of an inner mold and an end mold do not need to be carried out, so that the construction quality of the tunnel lining can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application generally relates to the field of underground engineering technology, and specifically relates to a mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device and a combined rapid construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of capital construction, the quality requirements for the lining construction of mining-based tunnels are becoming more and more stringent. In order to ensure the quality of lining construction, a lot of research has been done on various processes such as formwork trolleys, concrete pouring and vibration. However, there are relatively few studies on the connection between the main tunnel and the cavern lining of mining-based tunnels. In actual construction, how to ensure the lining quality at the connection between the main tunnel and the cavern, thereby reducing defects such as water leakage caused by improper joint treatment, has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] At present, for the mining method tunnel lining construction, the main tunnel lining construction is generally carried out first, and the joints are reserved for the cavern lining construction. After the cavern lining is poured, water leakage and surface quality defects also appear at the joints with the main tunnel lining. In addition, the main tunnel and the cavern are constructed separately, and the cavern interior mold and the end mold need to be independently designed and reinforced. This construction method not only affects the lining construction progress, but also affects the lining molding quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device and a combined rapid construction method that improve construction efficiency and quality.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a mining method tunnel main hole and cavern lining device, comprising: A main tunnel and a cavern, wherein the main tunnel comprises: a main tunnel lining structure system, wherein a movable main tunnel lining trolley is provided in the tunnel section of the main tunnel lining structure system; the cavern comprises: a cavern lining structure system, wherein a cavern formwork is provided in the tunnel section of the cavern lining structure system; a cavern arch frame is provided in the cavern space formed by the cavern formwork, and a cavern formwork supporting structure is provided on the cavern arch frame; By adjusting the relative position between the cavern template and the main tunnel lining trolley, the outer arc surface of the template of the cavern template and the main tunnel lining trolley can be closely fitted, so that during the concrete pouring stage, the main tunnel and the cavern can be constructed jointly and synchronously.

[0006] According to the technical solution provided in the present application, a sealing structure is provided at the joint between the main tunnel lining trolley and the cavern formwork.

[0007] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the main tunnel lining structure system includes: A main tunnel primary support structure and a main tunnel invert lining structure, wherein the main tunnel primary support structure and the main tunnel invert lining structure are combined to form a main tunnel space, and the main tunnel invert lining structure is located at the bottom of the main tunnel lining structure system; a main tunnel invert backfill structure is provided at the bottom of the main tunnel space; A central ditch of the main tunnel, which is arranged on the invert backfill structure of the main tunnel and is used to drain the accumulated water in the main tunnel; A main tunnel arch wall lining structure is provided on the top and side walls of the main tunnel space, and the edge of the main tunnel arch wall lining structure is connected to the edge of the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure.

[0008] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the cavern lining structure system includes: A cavern primary support structure and a cavern invert lining structure, wherein the cavern primary support structure and the cavern invert lining structure are combined to form a cavern space; The cavern arch wall lining structure is arranged on the top and side walls of the cavern space, and the edge of the cavern arch wall lining structure is connected to the edge of the cavern invert lining structure.

[0009] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the cavern formwork is a plurality of wooden boards with a thickness of 50 mm and a width of 200 mm.

[0010] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the cavern formwork adopts a combination of customized steel formwork and wooden formwork. The side walls of the steel formwork are 1.5m long, 0.3m wide, and 0.05m thick, and the arch is 1.5m long, 0.15m wide, and 0.05m thick. It is arranged inside the cavern. Considering the arc at the overlap position with the main tunnel, multiple wooden boards (thickness 0.05m*width 0.2m*length 6m) are cut to fit tightly with the main tunnel lining trolley to prevent leakage.

[0011] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the cavern formwork support structure is a seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 89 mm.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for the rapid joint construction of a mine-method tunnel main tunnel and a cavern lining, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned mine-method tunnel main tunnel and cavern lining device, and the method comprises the following steps: Based on the mining method, the main tunnel and the cavern are excavated according to the target requirements, and when the excavation length reaches the first preset length, the primary support structure of the main tunnel and the primary support structure of the cavern are constructed; When the construction length of the main tunnel primary support structure reaches the second preset length and meets the first preset requirement, the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure is constructed; and when the construction of the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure is completed, the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure is constructed until the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure is filled to the preset height; at the same time, when the construction length of the cave chamber primary support structure reaches the third preset length and meets the second preset requirement, the cave chamber inverted arch lining structure is constructed until the construction of the cave chamber inverted arch lining structure is completed; When the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure is filled to a preset height and the construction of the cavern inverted arch lining structure is completed, the main tunnel arch wall lining structure is constructed inside the main tunnel primary support structure, and the cavern arch wall lining structure is constructed inside the cavern primary support structure; Staking out the arc of the joint between the cavern and the main tunnel, and installing the cavern formwork, cavern arch frame and cavern formwork supporting structure according to the result of the stakeout; Move the main tunnel lining trolley to the target position and perform positioning and reinforcement; use the observation window of the main tunnel lining trolley to enter the interior of the cavern, fine-tune the cavern template, and when the cavern template and the outer curved surface of the template of the main tunnel lining trolley are tightly fitted, set the sealing structure at the joint position of the cavern template and the main tunnel lining trolley; Concrete is poured into the main tunnel and the cavern simultaneously through the pouring window of the main tunnel lining trolley; after the concrete pouring is completed and the demoulding strength requirement is reached, the main tunnel lining trolley, the cavern formwork, the cavern arch frame and the cavern formwork supporting structure are removed, and the main tunnel lining trolley is moved to the next target position, and the above steps are repeated to continue construction.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided by this application, the following steps are also included: Obtaining the excavation profile and mileage pile number of the main tunnel and the cavern; and formulating the main tunnel lining grouping according to the excavation profile and the mileage pile number; After the main tunnel lining trolley reaches the target position, the connection position size of the cavern and the main tunnel lining trolley is obtained, and the processing information of the connection position template size is handed over to the processing site for processing; the connection position template size includes at least width, length and end style; the processing information is used to guide construction personnel to process the cavern template that meets the preset requirements; The processed cavern formworks are numbered and packaged according to the installation sequence in the cavern lining; during construction, they are assembled according to the numbers.

[0014] According to the technical solution provided by the present application, the lofting result includes at least spatial position information, size parameter information and construction control identification information; The spatial position information includes the horizontal and vertical position data of the joint arc between the cavern template and the main tunnel; the size parameter information includes the length of each cavern template and the end trapezoidal size; the construction control identification information includes the cavern template number and installation sequence.

[0015] According to the technical solution provided by this application, the following steps are also included: During the concrete pouring process, the deformation data of the main tunnel lining trolley and the cavern formwork are monitored; When the monitoring data corresponding to at least one template structure exceeds a preset threshold, an early warning message is issued; the early warning message is used to prompt construction personnel to take corresponding adjustment measures.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a main tunnel and cavern lining device for a mining method tunnel, which comprises: a main tunnel and a cavern, wherein the main tunnel comprises: a main tunnel lining structure system, wherein a movable main tunnel lining trolley is provided in the tunnel section of the main tunnel lining structure system; the cavern comprises: a cavern lining structure system, wherein a cavern formwork is provided in the tunnel section of the cavern lining structure system; a cavern arch frame is provided in the cavern space formed by the cavern formwork, and a cavern formwork supporting structure is provided on the cavern arch frame; by adjusting the relative position between the cavern formwork and the main tunnel lining trolley, the outer arc surface of the template of the cavern formwork and the main tunnel lining trolley is closely fitted, so that the main tunnel and the cavern are jointly and synchronously constructed in the concrete pouring stage.

[0017] The present application utilizes the cavern formwork to closely fit with the outer arc surface of the main tunnel lining trolley formwork, effectively reducing the gap at the connection between the main tunnel and the cavern, and enhancing the integrity and waterproofness of the device; for the cavern part, there is no need for complex inner mold and end mold design and reinforcement, reducing quality risks and improving construction quality stability; and, the joint and synchronous construction of the main tunnel and the cavern can reduce the time and cost of switching construction equipment between the main tunnel and the cavern, and improve construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main tunnel and chamber lining device of the mining method tunnel.

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the cave.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the rapid construction method for the main tunnel and cavern lining of a mining method tunnel.

[0022] Numbers in the figure: 1. Primary support structure of main tunnel; 2. Lining structure of main tunnel invert arch; 3. Backfill structure of main tunnel invert arch; 4. Central ditch of main tunnel; 5. Lining structure of main tunnel arch wall; 6. Lining trolley of main tunnel; 7. Primary support structure of cavern; 8. Lining structure of cavern invert arch; 9. Lining structure of cavern arch wall; 10. Cavern formwork; 11. Cavern arch frame; 12. Support structure of cavern formwork; 13. Sealing structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It is also necessary to explain that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present application provides a mining method tunnel main hole and cavern lining device, including: The main tunnel and the cavern, the main tunnel comprises: a main tunnel lining structure system, a movable main tunnel lining trolley 6 is arranged in the tunnel section of the main tunnel lining structure system; the cavern comprises: a cavern lining structure system, a cavern template 10 is arranged in the tunnel section of the cavern lining structure system; a cavern arch frame 11 is arranged in the cavern space formed by the cavern template 10, and a cavern template support structure 12 is arranged on the cavern arch frame 11; By adjusting the relative position between the cavern formwork 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6, the outer arc surfaces of the cavern formwork 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6 are closely fitted, so that the main tunnel and the cavern can be constructed synchronously during the concrete pouring stage.

[0026] It should be noted that, as the main passage part of the tunnel, its main tunnel lining structure system is crucial to ensure the stability, durability and waterproof performance of the tunnel. The main tunnel lining structure system is composed of a variety of materials and structures, such as reinforced concrete, etc., which can withstand the pressure from the surrounding rock and other external loads. In the tunnel section of the main tunnel lining structure system, a movable main tunnel lining trolley 6 is provided, which is used to support and fix the template of the main tunnel arch wall lining, ensure the shape and dimensional accuracy of the lining concrete pouring, and facilitate the construction personnel to perform operations such as steel bar binding and concrete pouring, thereby improving the construction efficiency and quality. The main tunnel lining trolley 6 can move along the axial direction of the tunnel to provide template support and working platform for the pouring of the main tunnel lining concrete. The main tunnel lining trolley 6 usually has a certain rigidity and strength to ensure that problems such as excessive deformation will not occur during the concrete pouring process, thereby ensuring the quality and dimensional accuracy of the lining. The movable characteristics of the main tunnel lining trolley 6 enable it to perform lining operations at different positions as the tunnel is excavated, thereby improving the continuity and efficiency of the construction.

[0027] As a part with specific functions in the tunnel (such as equipment holes, extra-length cable chambers, etc.), the cavern also needs a reliable lining structure system, namely, the cavern lining structure system, which has a similar function to the main tunnel lining structure system, in order to ensure the stability and safety of the cavern and meet its functional requirements. A cavern template 10 is provided in the tunnel section of the cavern lining structure system, which is a key component for forming the shape of the cavern lining; the cavern template 10 is the secondary rib of the cavern lining structure system, for example, made of a wooden board with a thickness of 50mm and a width of 200mm, and is processed and numbered according to the joint position with the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to ensure that it fits closely with the panel of the main tunnel lining trolley 6, reduce the joint gap, and ensure the quality of concrete pouring. In addition, the cavern template 10 determines the internal space size and shape of the cavern; the cavern template 10 needs to be customized according to the cross-sectional requirements of the cavern, and has good sealing and surface flatness to ensure the appearance quality and dimensional accuracy of the cavern lining after concrete pouring. Here, the cavern formwork 10 can be a combination of customized steel formwork and wooden formwork. The steel formwork side walls are 1.5m long, 0.3m wide, and 0.05m thick, and the arch is 1.5m long, 0.15m wide, and 0.05m thick. It is set inside the cavern. Considering the arc at the overlap position with the main tunnel, multiple wooden boards (thickness 0.05m, width 0.2m, and length 6m) are cut to fit closely with the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to prevent leakage.

[0028] A cavern arch 11 is provided in the cavern space formed by the cavern template 10. It is an important supporting part of the cavern lining structure system. It is generally made of materials such as steel or steel bars, and has an arched structure that matches the shape of the cavern. Here, the cavern arch 11 can be processed using I20 I-beams. The specific size is determined according to the cross-section of the cavern body. It is assembled on site after segmented processing and trial assembly in the processing field. As the main rib of the cavern lining structure system, it provides sufficient support and stability for the cavern lining template. The cavern arch 11 can bear part of the pressure from the surrounding rock and transfer this part of the pressure to the foundation and side walls of the cavern, thereby enhancing the stability of the cavern structure. At the same time, the cavern arch 11 also provides a supporting foundation for the cavern template 10, ensuring that the cavern template 10 maintains the correct position and shape during the concrete pouring process. A cavern formwork support structure 12 is provided on the cavern arch frame 11. The cavern formwork support structure 12 is a key part connecting the cavern arch frame 11 and the cavern formwork 10. It can fix the cavern formwork 10 on the cavern arch frame 11 to ensure that the cavern formwork 10 does not move or deform during concrete pouring. The cavern formwork support structure 12 can be made of a seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 89 mm, fixed to the cavern invert lining structure 8 by anchor bars, and fixed to the cavern arch frame 11 by a rigid connection to ensure the overall stability of the cavern formwork support structure 12, and ensure that the formwork does not move or deform during concrete pouring. Here, the cavern formwork support structure 12 is usually adjustable, and the position and angle of the formwork can be fine-tuned according to the actual construction situation to meet the construction requirements of different cavern parts.

[0029] The present application adjusts the relative position between the main tunnel lining trolley 6 and the cavern template 10 so that the outer arc surface of the template of the cavern template 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6 fits tightly, which is a key step to achieve the joint synchronous construction of the main tunnel and the cavern; when the outer arc surfaces of the templates of the two fit tightly, during the concrete pouring stage, the main tunnel and the cavern can be poured with concrete at the same time, which can not only improve the construction efficiency and reduce the connection time of the construction process, but also make the lining structure of the main tunnel and the cavern form better integrity and continuity during the concrete solidification process, and enhance the stability and reliability of the tunnel structure. For example, in some complex tunnel projects, this joint synchronous construction method can avoid problems such as improper treatment of construction joints caused by successive construction, and improve the waterproof performance and overall bearing capacity of the tunnel.

[0030] Furthermore, a sealing structure 13 is provided at the joint position between the main tunnel lining trolley 6 and the cavern formwork 10; here, the type of the sealing structure 13 is, for example, a joint sealant, which is provided at the joint position between the cavern formwork 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6. It generally adopts materials such as foam glue to enhance the sealing of the joint, prevent problems such as groundwater leakage, and ensure the waterproof effect and structural integrity of the connection between the main tunnel and the cavern.

[0031] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the main tunnel lining structure system includes: The main tunnel primary support structure 1 and the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 are combined to form a main tunnel space, and the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 is located at the bottom of the main tunnel lining structure system; the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 is provided at the bottom of the main tunnel space; The central ditch 4 of the main tunnel is provided on the backfill structure 3 of the main tunnel and is used to discharge the accumulated water in the main tunnel; The main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is arranged on the top and side walls of the main tunnel space, and the edge of the main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is connected to the edge of the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2.

[0032] It should be noted that the primary support structure 1 of the main tunnel is the first support structure constructed after tunnel excavation, and is usually composed of materials such as shotcrete, anchor rods, and steel mesh. The main function of the primary support structure 1 of the main tunnel is to seal and reinforce the surrounding rock in time after tunnel excavation, limit the deformation of the surrounding rock, prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing due to stress release, and provide a stable working environment for subsequent lining construction.

[0033] The main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 is located at the bottom of the main tunnel lining structure system and is connected to the main tunnel primary support structure 1. The main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 is similar to the "bottom beam" of the tunnel, which can withstand the loads transmitted downward from the tunnel superstructure and the surrounding rock, and evenly transfer these loads to the foundation; the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 not only plays a key role in the overall stability of the tunnel, but also effectively prevents the uplift and deformation of the bottom surrounding rock. The main tunnel primary support structure 1 and the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2 together enclose the main tunnel space, providing the necessary passage and use space inside the tunnel. Here, the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2, for example, adopts a reinforced concrete structure.

[0034] The main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 is set at the bottom of the main tunnel space. The main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 is filled on the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2. Its main function is to further strengthen the bearing capacity of the tunnel bottom and make the tunnel bottom force more uniform. At the same time, the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 can also provide a flat foundation for other facilities to be set up thereon in the future; usually, the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 will be cast with materials such as concrete to ensure that it has sufficient strength and stability.

[0035] The central ditch 4 of the main tunnel is opened on the main tunnel invert backfill structure 3 and is located in the center of the tunnel. The main function of the central ditch 4 of the main tunnel is to collect and discharge the accumulated water in the main tunnel. During the operation of the tunnel, the accumulated water from groundwater, construction water or other sources will be gathered to the central ditch 4 of the main tunnel through the drainage system of the lining structure. The central ditch 4 of the main tunnel usually has a certain slope, and the accumulated water will flow naturally along the slope and eventually be discharged to the drainage system outside the tunnel, thereby ensuring that the interior of the tunnel is dry and avoiding damage to the tunnel structure and equipment caused by accumulated water. Here, the size and slope of the central ditch 4 of the main tunnel are designed according to the drainage requirements of the tunnel.

[0036] The main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is arranged on the top and side walls of the main tunnel space. The main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 at the top forms an arch structure, which can effectively transfer the upper surrounding rock pressure to the side walls on both sides and the inverted arch structure at the bottom, and utilize the mechanical properties of the arch structure to improve the bearing capacity of the tunnel structure. The main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 on the side wall plays a lateral support role for the surrounding rock to prevent lateral deformation and collapse of the surrounding rock. The edge of the main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is connected to the edge of the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure 2. This connection method allows the lining structure of the tunnel to form a closed whole, enhances the integrity and stability of the tunnel structure, and can better resist various loads from the surrounding rock. Here, the main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 can be constructed by reinforced concrete on-site casting or prefabricated assembly to ensure that it has sufficient strength and durability.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the cavern lining structure system includes: The cavern primary support structure 7 and the cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 are combined to form a cavern space; The cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is arranged on the top and side walls of the cavern space, and the edge of the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is connected to the edge of the cavern invert lining structure 8.

[0038] It should be noted that the cavern primary support structure 7 is a support system constructed immediately after the cavern is excavated. Similar to the primary support structure 1 of the main tunnel, the cavern primary support structure 7 is usually composed of materials such as shotcrete, anchor rods and steel mesh. After the cavern is excavated, the stress of the surrounding rock is redistributed, and the cavern primary support structure 7 can quickly seal and reinforce the surrounding rock, inhibit the deformation of the surrounding rock, prevent the collapse of the surrounding rock caused by stress release, and create stable conditions for subsequent cavern lining construction. The cavern primary support structure 7 is combined with the cavern invert lining structure 8 to form a cavern space. The cavern primary support structure 7 provides lateral support for the cavern invert lining structure 8. The two work together to bear the pressure from the surrounding rock and maintain the basic form of the cavern.

[0039] The cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 is located at the bottom of the cavern lining structure system, and is closely connected to the cavern primary support structure 7; the cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 is similar to the main cave inverted arch lining structure 2, and is like the "foundation" of the cavern, and is responsible for the important task of evenly transferring the load from the cavern upper structure and surrounding rock to the foundation. Through this load transfer mechanism, the surrounding rock at the bottom of the cavern can be effectively prevented from uplifting and deforming, and the overall stability of the cavern structure can be guaranteed. The cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 is not only connected to the cavern primary support structure 7, but also connected to the edge of the cavern arch wall lining structure 9, forming a closed structure, which enhances the integrity and bearing capacity of the cavern lining structure system.

[0040] The cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is arranged at the top and side walls of the cavern space. The cavern arch wall lining structure 9 at the top is constructed into an arch structure, which makes full use of the mechanical advantages of the arch structure to efficiently transfer the upper surrounding rock pressure to the side walls on both sides of the cavern and the bottom inverted arch structure. The cavern arch wall lining structure 9 on the side wall provides lateral support for the surrounding rock to prevent the surrounding rock from deforming or collapsing due to lateral pressure, thereby maintaining the integrity of the cavern space. The edge of the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is connected to the edge of the cavern inverted arch lining structure 8. This connection method enables the cavern lining structure system to form a closed ring structure. This closed structure greatly enhances the cavern's resistance to surrounding rock pressure. The various structures work together to ensure that the cavern can operate stably and for a long time under complex geological conditions and use environments.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the present application also provides a method for the rapid joint construction of a mine-method tunnel main tunnel and a cavern lining, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned mine-method tunnel main tunnel and a cavern lining device, and the method includes the following steps: S100, based on the mining method, excavation operations are performed on the main tunnel and the cavern according to target requirements, and when the excavation length reaches a first preset length, the main tunnel primary support structure 1 and the cavern primary support structure 7 are constructed.

[0042] It should be noted that the mining method is a common tunnel construction method, which mainly forms a tunnel space in the underground rock mass by drilling and blasting or mechanical excavation. In this step, the main tunnel and cavern are excavated according to the pre-set target requirements. The target requirements at least include the design parameters of the tunnel in terms of size, shape, slope, etc., to ensure that the excavated tunnel meets the engineering design standards. Here, the target requirements are set according to actual needs.

[0043] When the excavation lengths of the main tunnel and the cavern reach the first preset lengths, the main tunnel primary support structure 1 and the cavern primary support structure 7 are immediately constructed. Here, the role of the primary support structure is crucial. It can quickly support the surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, control the deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rock, and prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing due to stress release; the main tunnel primary support structure 1 and the cavern primary support structure 7 generally use support methods such as shotcrete, anchor rods, and steel mesh. These support measures cooperate with each other to provide a stable working environment for subsequent construction. Among them, the setting of the first preset length needs to be set and adjusted in comprehensive consideration of geological conditions, construction equipment, and processes to ensure that the primary support structure can play a timely and effective role.

[0044] S200. When the construction length of the primary support structure 1 of the main tunnel reaches the second preset length and meets the first preset requirement, the main tunnel invert lining structure 2 is constructed; and when the construction of the main tunnel invert lining structure 2 is completed, the main tunnel invert backfill structure 3 is constructed until the height of the main tunnel invert backfill structure 3 is filled to the preset height; at the same time, when the construction length of the primary support structure 7 of the cavern reaches the third preset length and meets the second preset requirement, the cavern invert lining structure 8 is constructed until the construction of the cavern invert lining structure 8 is completed.

[0045] It should be noted that when the construction length of the main tunnel primary support structure 1 reaches the second preset length and meets the first preset requirement, the main tunnel invert lining structure 2 is started to be constructed. As an important bearing structure at the bottom of the tunnel, the main tunnel invert lining structure 2 can withstand the vertical pressure from the tunnel superstructure and surrounding rock, and evenly transfer these pressures to the foundation. Here, the first preset requirement at least includes the stability of the primary support structure, the deformation of the surrounding rock and other indicators, and the specific requirements are set according to actual needs; only by meeting these requirements can the safety and quality of the invert construction be guaranteed. When the construction of the main tunnel invert lining structure 2 is completed, it indicates that it has a certain bearing capacity. At this time, the main tunnel invert backfill structure 3 is constructed until its height is filled to the preset height. The main tunnel invert backfill structure 3 can not only further enhance the bearing capacity of the tunnel bottom, but also provide a flat foundation surface for subsequent construction. Here, the second preset length is set according to actual requirements.

[0046] At the same time, when the construction length of the cavern primary support structure 7 reaches the third preset length and meets the second preset requirement, the cavern invert lining structure 8 is constructed. Similar to the main tunnel invert, the cavern invert lining structure 8 also plays an important role in transferring loads and stabilizing the cavern bottom. The second preset requirement is also determined based on factors such as the stability of the cavern primary support structure 7 and the surrounding rock conditions. Construction continues until the construction of the cavern invert lining structure 8 is completed to ensure the reliability of the cavern bottom structure. Here, the second preset length and the third preset length and the corresponding preset requirements must be reasonably set according to factors such as the specific design of the main tunnel and the cavern, geological conditions and construction technology.

[0047] S300, when the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 is filled to a preset height and the construction of the cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 is completed, the main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is constructed on the inner side of the main tunnel primary support structure 1, and the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is constructed on the inner side of the cavern primary support structure 7.

[0048] It should be noted that when the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure 3 is filled to the preset height and the construction of the cavern inverted arch lining structure 8 is completed, it indicates that the bottom structure of the main tunnel and the cavern has sufficient stability and the arch wall lining construction can be carried out. At this time, the main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 is constructed on the inner side of the main tunnel primary support structure 1, and the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 is constructed on the inner side of the cavern primary support structure 7. The main tunnel arch wall lining structure 5 and the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 respectively bear the support functions of the main tunnel and the cavern top and side walls. The two together with the inverted arch structure form a closed force system, which effectively resists the pressure of the surrounding rock and ensures the stability of the tunnel structure. Synchronous construction can improve construction efficiency, reduce the waiting time between construction processes, and make the lining structures of the main tunnel and the cavern more coordinated in force. Here, the preset height is set according to actual needs.

[0049] S400, the arc line of the joint between the cavern and the main tunnel is laid out to obtain the laying-out result; and according to the laying-out result, the cavern formwork 10, the cavern arch frame 11 and the cavern formwork support structure 12 are installed.

[0050] It should be noted that the arc of the joint between the cavern and the main tunnel is precisely laid out. This step is to ensure the accuracy and smoothness of the connection between the cavern and the main tunnel. Through professional measuring instruments and methods, the layout results are obtained according to the design drawings. The results provide an accurate position reference for the installation of subsequent cavern-related structures. According to the layout results, the cavern formwork 10, the cavern arch 11 and the cavern formwork support structure 12 are installed. The cavern formwork 10 is used to form the shape of the cavern lining, the cavern arch 11 provides support for the formwork and enhances the bearing capacity of the cavern structure, and the cavern formwork support structure 12 further stabilizes the connection between the formwork and the arch. Accurate layout and installation can ensure that the connection between the cavern and the main tunnel meets the design requirements and provide good conditions for subsequent concrete pouring.

[0051] The layout result includes at least spatial position information, dimension parameter information and construction control identification information; The spatial position information includes the horizontal and vertical position data of the joint arc between the cavern template 10 and the main tunnel; the size parameter information includes the length of each cavern template 10 and the end trapezoidal size; the construction control identification information includes the cavern template 10 number and installation sequence.

[0052] S500, move the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to the target position and perform positioning and reinforcement; use the observation window of the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to enter the interior of the cavern, fine-tune the cavern template 10, and when the cavern template 10 is tightly fitted with the outer arc surface of the template of the main tunnel lining trolley 6, set the sealing structure 13 at the joint position between the cavern template 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6.

[0053] It should be noted that the main tunnel lining trolley 6 is moved to the target position, where the target position is determined according to the tunnel lining structure construction group. After reaching the target position, the main tunnel lining trolley 6 is accurately positioned and reinforced to ensure that it will not be displaced or deformed during the concrete pouring process, thereby ensuring the quality of the lining construction. Use the observation window of the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to enter the interior of the cavern and fine-tune the cavern template 10. Through fine-tuning, the cavern template 10 is tightly fitted with the outer arc surface of the template of the main tunnel lining trolley 6, so that when the concrete is poured, the lining of the main tunnel and the cavern can form a continuous, integrated structure. When the two are tightly fitted, a sealing structure 13 is set at the joint position between the cavern template 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6. The function of the sealing structure 13 is to prevent concrete from leaking from the joint during the pouring process, thereby ensuring the pouring quality of the concrete, and also helping to improve the waterproof performance of the tunnel.

[0054] S600, pour concrete into the main tunnel and the cavern through the pouring window of the main tunnel lining trolley 6 at the same time; after the concrete pouring is completed and the demolding strength requirement is reached, remove the main tunnel lining trolley 6, the cavern formwork 10, the cavern arch 11 and the cavern formwork supporting structure 12, and move the main tunnel lining trolley 6 to the next target position, and repeat the above steps to continue construction.

[0055] It should be noted that concrete is poured into the main tunnel and the cavern at the same time through the pouring window of the main tunnel lining trolley 6. This synchronous pouring method can make full use of the advantages of the lining device, improve construction efficiency, and ensure the integrity of the main tunnel and cavern lining structure. During the concrete pouring process, the pouring speed, height, vibration and other parameters must be strictly controlled to ensure the compactness and uniformity of the concrete. After the concrete pouring is completed, wait for it to reach the demolding strength requirement. The demolding strength requirement is determined according to the design strength grade of the concrete and the relevant specifications. Only when this strength is reached can the safety and stability of the lining structure after the template is removed be guaranteed. When the demolding conditions are met, the main tunnel lining trolley 6, the cavern template 10, the cavern arch 11 and the cavern template support structure 12 are removed, and the main tunnel lining trolley 6 is moved to the next target position, and the above steps are repeated to continue construction. In this way, the lining construction of the main tunnel and the cavern of the entire mining method tunnel is gradually completed.

[0056] This method breaks the traditional construction sequence in terms of construction efficiency, and can simultaneously carry out key construction links of the main tunnel and the cavern, closely linking each process to reduce waiting time and greatly shorten the construction period. In terms of construction quality, more accurate joint treatment, better sealing and waterproofing effects, and stronger structural integrity are achieved through precise lofting, setting up sealing structures 13, and synchronous pouring of concrete. In terms of safety, timely construction of the primary support structure and precise positioning of the reinforcement trolley reduce safety risks such as surrounding rock collapse and trolley instability. In terms of cost control, equipment sharing reduces investment, shortens the construction period, and reduces various costs. Moreover, compared with traditional methods, the flexible fine-tuning links in the construction process have stronger adaptability to complex and changeable construction environments.

[0057] Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps: Obtain the excavation profile and mileage pile number of the main tunnel and cavern; and formulate the main tunnel lining grouping according to the excavation profile and mileage pile number; After the main tunnel lining trolley 6 reaches the target position, the connection position size of the cavern and the main tunnel lining trolley 6 is obtained, and the processing information carrying the connection position template size is delivered to the processing site for processing; the connection position size includes at least width, length and end style; the processing information is used to guide the construction personnel to process the cavern template 10 that meets the preset requirements; The processed cavern templates 10 are numbered and packaged according to the installation sequence in the cavern lining; and assembled according to the numbers during construction.

[0058] It should be noted that during the construction process, the excavation profile of the main tunnel and the cavern must be obtained first. The excavation profile refers to the spatial shape formed after the tunnel is excavated in the underground rock mass. It accurately reflects the boundary range of the main tunnel and the cavern, including the shape, size and other details of each part. This information is crucial for the subsequent lining construction. At the same time, the mileage pile number is obtained. The mileage pile number is a numbering method used to identify the location of the tunnel. It marks the tunnel at a certain distance interval, just like establishing a "coordinate" system for the tunnel. The mileage pile number can accurately determine the position of any point in the tunnel. Whether in the construction stage or the subsequent maintenance stage, it can be conveniently located and recorded. According to the excavation profile and mileage pile number obtained, the main tunnel lining group is formulated. This step is to make a reasonable plan for the main tunnel lining construction, and divide the main tunnel into different construction groups according to certain standards. The basis for division may include the length of the tunnel, changes in geological conditions, and requirements of construction technology. Through grouping, construction can be organized more systematically, construction resources can be reasonably arranged, construction efficiency can be improved, and it is also convenient to manage and control the construction process.

[0059] After the main tunnel lining trolley 6 reaches the target position, it is necessary to accurately obtain the dimensions of the connection position between the cavern and the main tunnel lining trolley 6. This connection position is the key part of the connection between the main tunnel and the cavern. The accuracy of its size directly affects the fit between the cavern template 10 and the main tunnel lining trolley 6, and thus affects the quality of the entire lining structure. The connection position dimensions include at least width, length, and end style. The width and length determine the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the connection between the cavern and the main tunnel, while the end style is related to the shape of the cavern and the main tunnel. Especially for circular or arched tunnel structures, accurate measurement and control of the end dimensions are crucial to ensure the smooth transition and sealing of the connection. The processing information carrying the template dimensions of the connection position is delivered to the processing site. These processing information are like a detailed "production instruction manual" to guide construction personnel to process the cavern template 10 that meets the preset requirements at the processing site. In addition to the connection position dimensions, the processing information may also include other relevant information such as the material requirements, manufacturing process standards, surface flatness requirements, etc. of the cavern template 10 to ensure that the processed cavern template 10 can perfectly fit the main tunnel lining trolley 6 and meet the construction accuracy and quality requirements.

[0060] The processed cavern formwork 10 is numbered according to the installation order in the cavern lining. The numbering is like attaching an "identity label" to each template, through which the specific position and installation order of each template in the cavern lining can be clearly known. After the numbering is completed, the cavern formwork 10 is packaged. The purpose of packaging is to protect the template during transportation and storage to prevent it from being damaged. During construction, the construction workers assemble the cavern formwork 10 according to the numbering. Doing so can avoid template installation errors, improve installation efficiency, reduce rework and time waste caused by installation errors, and ensure that the cavern formwork 10 can be installed quickly and accurately, thereby smoothly advancing the construction progress and ensuring the quality and efficiency of the entire tunnel lining construction.

[0061] Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps: During the concrete pouring process, the deformation data of the main hole arch wall lining structure 5 and the cavern arch wall lining structure 9 are monitored; When the monitoring data corresponding to at least one template structure exceeds the preset threshold, an early warning message is issued; the early warning message is used to prompt construction personnel to take corresponding adjustment measures.

[0062] It should be noted that monitoring points are arranged at key positions of the formwork structure such as the main hole arch wall lining structure 5 and the cavern arch wall lining structure 9. By monitoring these monitoring points, it can be determined whether the formwork system is deformed.

[0063] When the monitoring data corresponding to at least one template structure exceeds the preset threshold, the early warning system will be triggered. The preset threshold is determined based on multiple factors such as tunnel design specifications and previous engineering experience. The preset threshold represents the limit value of template deformation that the structure can withstand under a safe state. Once the deformation exceeds the threshold, it means that the template structure may face safety risks. Here, the early warning information issued at least contains key information such as which template structure or structures have monitoring data exceeding the threshold and the specific value of the exceeding value, so that construction personnel can quickly understand the problem and accurately judge the degree of risk faced by the structure. Once the early warning is received, the construction personnel can suspend the current construction operation to avoid further aggravation of template deformation. Subsequently, according to the early warning information and the actual situation on site, the technical personnel are organized to analyze the cause of the deformation of the template structure, such as whether the template is unevenly or excessively loaded due to improper concrete pouring construction technology. Then, targeted adjustment measures are taken, such as template reinforcement, control of subsequent concrete pouring speed, etc., to ensure that the template deformation is controlled within a safe range and ensure the safety of tunnel structure construction.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Claims

1. A mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device, characterized in that: include: A main tunnel and a cavern, wherein the main tunnel comprises: a main tunnel lining structure system, wherein a movable main tunnel lining trolley (6) is provided in the tunnel section of the main tunnel lining structure system; the cavern comprises: a cavern lining structure system, wherein a cavern template (10) is provided in the tunnel section of the cavern lining structure system; a cavern arch frame (11) is provided in the cavern space formed by the cavern template (10), and a cavern template support structure (12) is provided on the cavern arch frame (11); By adjusting the relative position between the cavern template (10) and the main tunnel lining trolley (6), the outer arc surfaces of the templates of the cavern template (10) and the main tunnel lining trolley (6) are closely fitted, thereby allowing the main tunnel and the cavern to be constructed jointly and synchronously during the concrete pouring stage.

2. A mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing structure (13) is provided at the joint between the main tunnel lining trolley (6) and the cavern template (10).

3. A mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main tunnel lining structure system includes: A main tunnel primary support structure (1) and a main tunnel inverted arch lining structure (2), wherein the main tunnel primary support structure (1) and the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure (2) are combined to form a main tunnel space, and the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure (2) is located at the bottom of the main tunnel lining structure system; a main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure (3) is provided at the bottom of the main tunnel space; A central ditch (4) of the main tunnel, the central ditch (4) of the main tunnel being provided on the invert backfill structure (3) of the main tunnel and used for draining the accumulated water in the main tunnel; A main hole arch wall lining structure (5), wherein the main hole arch wall lining structure (5) is arranged on the top and side walls of the main hole space, and the edge of the main hole arch wall lining structure (5) is connected to the edge of the main hole inverted arch lining structure (2).

4. A mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavern lining structure system comprises: A cavern primary support structure (7) and a cavern invert lining structure (8), wherein the cavern primary support structure (7) and the cavern invert lining structure (8) are combined to form a cavern space; A cavern arch wall lining structure (9), wherein the cavern arch wall lining structure (9) is arranged on the top and side walls of the cavern space, and an edge of the cavern arch wall lining structure (9) is connected to an edge of the cavern invert lining structure (8).

5. The mining method tunnel main hole and cavern lining device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cavern template (10) is a plurality of wooden boards, with a thickness of 50 mm and a width of 200 mm.

6. A mining tunnel main hole and cavern lining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavern formwork support structure (12) is a seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 89 mm.

7. A method for rapid joint construction of a main tunnel and a cavern lining of a mining method tunnel, which is realized based on a main tunnel and a cavern lining device of a mining method tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Based on the mining method, excavation operations are performed on the main tunnel and the cavern according to target requirements, and when the excavation length reaches a first preset length, the main tunnel primary support structure (1) and the cavern primary support structure (7) are constructed; When the construction length of the main tunnel primary support structure (1) reaches a second preset length and meets the first preset requirement, the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure (2) is constructed; and when the construction of the main tunnel inverted arch lining structure (2) is completed, the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure (3) is constructed until the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure (3) is filled to a preset height; at the same time, when the construction length of the cavern primary support structure (7) reaches a third preset length and meets the second preset requirement, the cavern inverted arch lining structure (8) is constructed until the construction of the cavern inverted arch lining structure (8) is completed; When the height of the main tunnel inverted arch backfill structure (3) is filled to a preset height and the construction of the cavern inverted arch lining structure (8) is completed, the main tunnel arch wall lining structure (5) is simultaneously constructed on the inner side of the main tunnel primary support structure (1), and the cavern arch wall lining structure (9) is constructed on the inner side of the cavern primary support structure (7); Staking out the arc of the joint between the cavern and the main tunnel, and installing the cavern formwork (10), the cavern arch frame (11) and the cavern formwork support structure (12) according to the result of the stakeout; Move the main tunnel lining trolley (6) to the target position and perform positioning and reinforcement; use the observation window of the main tunnel lining trolley (6) to enter the interior of the cavern, fine-tune the cavern template (10), and when the cavern template (10) is tightly fitted with the outer curved surface of the template of the main tunnel lining trolley (6), set the sealing structure (13) at the joint position between the cavern template (10) and the main tunnel lining trolley (6); Concrete is poured into the main tunnel and the cavern simultaneously through the pouring window of the main tunnel lining trolley (6); after the concrete pouring is completed and the demoulding strength requirement is reached, the main tunnel lining trolley (6), the cavern formwork (10), the cavern arch frame (11) and the cavern formwork support structure (12) are removed, and the main tunnel lining trolley (6) is moved to the next target position, and the above steps are repeated to continue construction.

8. A method for rapid joint construction of a mine tunnel main hole and cavern lining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Obtaining the excavation profile and mileage pile number of the main tunnel and the cavern; and formulating the main tunnel lining grouping according to the excavation profile and the mileage pile number; After the main tunnel lining trolley (6) reaches the target position, the connection position dimensions of the cavern and the main tunnel lining trolley (6) are obtained, and processing information of the connection position template dimensions is delivered to a processing site for processing; the connection position template dimensions include at least width, length and end style; the processing information is used to guide construction personnel to process a cavern template (10) that meets preset requirements; The processed cavern templates (10) are numbered and packaged according to the installation sequence in the cavern lining; and assembled according to the numbers during construction.

9. A method for rapid joint construction of a main tunnel and cavern lining of a mining method tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The layout result includes at least spatial position information, dimension parameter information and construction control identification information; The spatial position information includes horizontal and vertical position data of the arc of the joint between the cavern template (10) and the main hole; the dimension parameter information includes the length of each cavern template (10) and the end trapezoidal size; and the construction control identification information includes the cavern template (10) number and installation sequence.

10. A method for rapid joint construction of a main tunnel and a cavern lining of a mining method tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: During the concrete pouring process, the deformation data of the main tunnel lining trolley (6) and the cavern formwork (10) are monitored; When the monitoring data corresponding to at least one template structure exceeds a preset threshold, an early warning message is issued; the early warning message is used to prompt construction personnel to take corresponding adjustment measures.

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