Blasting construction method for open-pit mine development road

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting construction method for open-pit mine development highways, which comprises the following steps of: assigning elevation values to designed development highways in a three-dimensional stope model, and making the designed development highways into a three-dimensional stereogram, for example, assigning the elevation values to side lines of the designed development highways by utilizing three-dimensional software; three-dimensional software is used for executing smooth elevation points between the development road starting point and the development road ending point; the hole distribution coordinate data of the inner side line of the developed road are combined with the hole distribution coordinate data of the smooth blasting holes in the initial hole distribution coordinate data, so that the correct hole distribution coordinate data of the smooth blasting holes can be obtained; the elevations of the holes along the width direction of the developed road are the same as the elevations of the corresponding smooth blasting holes, so that the hole distribution coordinate data of all the holes can be obtained; and the elevation of each hole can be determined, so that the slope surface is ensured to be flat after the blasting forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine construction methods, in particular to a blasting construction method for developing roads in open-pit mines. Background Art

[0002] In the past, due to technical limitations, the construction of mining roads was based on rough estimates and experience, and the road design was not fully implemented in the construction. As a result, the width of the final transport road surface did not meet the design width. The fundamental reason was that the actual location of the blasting holes did not correspond to the design boundary line of the slope. In addition, it was difficult to ensure the safety, stability, flatness and beauty of the upper and lower slopes of the road surface. The construction workload was large and the progress was slow. Summary of the invention

[0003] (1) Technical problem to be solved: How to provide a method for blasting construction of open-pit mine road development to solve the problem of insufficient road width of open-pit mine road development, that is, the problem that the actual road width is inconsistent with the designed width.

[0004] (2) The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for blasting a road in an open-pit mine, comprising:

[0005] a: Arrange the new horizontal trenching position in advance according to the design position of the development road, leaving a certain working space for the development road construction;

[0006] b: After expanding from the new horizontal trenching position to the vicinity of the development road, the development road construction work begins. The width of the working surface in the development road construction area must be wider than the development road by a certain amount L1, in preparation for the next step of smooth blasting of the construction slope of the development road;

[0007] c: Determine the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway. The top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway is used to arrange the light blasting holes. First, a three-dimensional stope model is created using three-dimensional software according to the top line of the design step slope and the design step slope angle of the stope. Further, a three-dimensional terrain model is created using three-dimensional software according to the actual terrain elevation data on site. The intersection line of the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional stope model is further obtained using three-dimensional software. The intersection line is the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway;

[0008] d: Determine the construction area according to the top line of the slope and the position of the free surface in the construction area of ​​the development highway, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange light blasting holes along the top line of the slope in the construction area of ​​the development highway, the holes adjacent to the light blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area. Prepare a perforation design plan. The main blasting holes in the main blasting area are vertical holes, and the light blasting holes are designed at a design angle, that is, the design step slope angle;

[0009] Among them, the auxiliary hole bottom position is determined, and the auxiliary hole bottom resistance line W1 is determined according to the light blast hole bottom resistance line W and the nearest main blast hole bottom position. The node of the two bottom resistance lines is the auxiliary hole bottom position. The auxiliary hole bottom position can be determined by determining its angle, and the light blast hole angle According to the above requirements, use 3D software to arrange holes and generate initial hole arrangement coordinate data.

[0010] Since the development road has a slope, that is, the elevations of the starting point and the end point of the development road are determined and there is a height difference, the elevations of the holes in the same row along the direction of the development road are different, and the elevations of the holes along the width of the development road are the same. To obtain the elevation of each hole, it is only necessary to obtain the elevation of a row of holes along the direction of the development road. It is necessary to assign elevation values ​​to the designed development road in the three-dimensional mining field model and make the designed development road into a three-dimensional stereogram, such as using three-dimensional software to assign elevation values ​​to the edge line of the designed development road, and using three-dimensional software to perform smooth elevation points between the starting point and the end point of the development road; thereby, the hole layout coordinate data along the edge line of the development road can be obtained, and the hole layout coordinate data along the edge line of the development road can be combined with the light blast hole layout coordinate data in the initial hole layout coordinate data to obtain the correct light blast hole layout coordinate data. The elevation of the hole along the width of the development road is the same as the elevation of the corresponding light blast hole, so the hole layout coordinate data of all holes can be obtained;

[0011] e: Drill holes on site, and directly import the obtained drilling data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site drilling. The digging depth displayed on the RTK handbook is the actual hole depth of the hole, which can be directly marked and then started to drill later;

[0012] f: Further implement smooth blasting operations on the slopes outside the highway, and continue according to steps d and e;

[0013] g: After drilling is completed, hole inspection, charging and blasting are carried out.

[0014] A further technical solution is to organize technical personnel to inspect the hole after the drilling is completed, design and determine the blasting plan, and adopt the smooth blasting method for blasting. The smooth blasting hole is detonated by detonating cord according to the uncoupled charging method. The filling length L = (25~35) d is actually based on the filling section <0.6m. The hole mouth is pressed to ensure that no hole is punched, L1 is left as a cavity, and only the air wave of explosives is used for work.

[0015] (3) Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by using 3D software to first create a 3D stope model according to the stope design step top line and the design step slope angle, and further using 3D software to create a 3D terrain model according to the actual terrain elevation data on site, and further using 3D software to obtain the intersection line of the 3D terrain model and the 3D stope model, the intersection line is the top line of the construction area of ​​the development road, and the construction area can be determined, and the hole layout position of the light blasting hole can be determined at the same time, and the hole layout positions of other auxiliary holes and the main blasting hole can also be determined immediately, and finally the actual top line after blasting using the obtained hole layout coordinate data is basically consistent with the design top line, and the final road surface is basically consistent with the design. Thereby, a method for blasting construction of open-pit mine development roads is provided to solve the problem of insufficient road surface width of open-pit mine development roads.

[0016] The final road surface constructed by the present invention is basically consistent with the designed roadbed width, the road surface is flat, no later rock root trimming is required, and the half-hole rate left on the slope wall after blasting is more than 95%, which exceeds the current domestic smooth blasting evaluation quality standard. The surrounding rock of the slope is stable without surrounding rock damage. The overall road surface is stable, flat, smooth and beautiful, and no blasting cracks are produced on the hole wall, which improves the work efficiency of personnel and machinery and meets the design requirements.

[0017] The present invention assigns elevation values ​​to the designed development road in the three-dimensional mining field model, and makes the designed development road into a three-dimensional stereogram, such as using three-dimensional software to assign elevation values ​​to the designed development road edge line, and using three-dimensional software to execute smooth elevation points between the development road starting point and the development road end point; thereby, the hole layout coordinate data along the development road edge line can be obtained, and the hole layout coordinate data along the development road edge line is combined with the light blasting hole layout coordinate data in the initial hole layout coordinate data to obtain the correct light blasting hole layout coordinate data, and the elevation of the hole along the width of the development road is the same as the elevation of the corresponding light blasting hole, so the hole layout coordinate data of all the holes can be obtained; so that the elevation of each hole can be clarified, thereby ensuring that the slope surface is flat after the final blasting.

[0018] By using the present invention, firstly, the boundary line of smooth blasting can be obtained; secondly, when the opening elevations of a large number of drill holes are not at the same elevation and the bottoms of the holes are not at a uniform elevation, the hole depth of each hole can be accurately calculated; thirdly, in terms of the sequence of construction procedures, the area wider than the road surface is firstly sloped down, and then the remaining area outside the road is cut off, so that the outer edge of the road surface is guaranteed not to be torn, damaged or collapsed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram of selecting a suitable location near a development road to start a new horizontal trenching work according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2It is a diagram of horizontal expansion operation;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a graphic representation of the creation of a three-dimensional terrain model from measured terrain data;

[0022] Figure 4 The blue intersection line is obtained by using the three-dimensional design model of the stope and the three-dimensional terrain model, which is a diagram of the top line of the slope in the highway construction area.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the layout of the holes for the road to be lowered;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a diagram to arrange the holes along the development road again in correspondence with the light blasting holes on the slope top line, and determine the actual hole bottom elevation of each hole when the holes are arranged along the slope top line.

[0025] Figure 7 This is an example of actual hole bottom elevation data;

[0026] Figure 8 This is the construction diagram of the road expansion that will eventually form a 676 to 668 meter highway.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the descending section position of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the pavement hole arrangement of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the charge structure of the light blasting hole of the present invention.

[0030] In the attached drawings: 1. working platform, 2. lowered road section area, 3. reserved light blasting area outside the lowered road section, 4. actual hole layout on site, 5. new horizontal expansion area, 6. top line of slope in highway construction area, 7. designed road surface hole layout, 8. filling section, 9. reduced charge area, 10. detonating cord, 11. normal charging area, 12. reinforced explosive charge area, L, filling length, L1, empty area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 11 A blasting construction method for developing a road in an open-pit mine comprises:

[0033] a: Arrange the new horizontal trenching position in advance according to the design position of the development road, leaving a certain working space for the development road construction;

[0034] b: After expanding from the new horizontal trenching position to the vicinity of the development road, the development road construction work begins. The width of the working surface in the development road construction area must be wider than the development road by a certain amount L1, in preparation for the next step of smooth blasting of the construction slope of the development road;

[0035] c: Determine the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway. The top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway is used to arrange the light blasting holes. First, a three-dimensional stope model is created using three-dimensional software according to the top line of the design step slope and the design step slope angle of the stope. Further, a three-dimensional terrain model is created using three-dimensional software according to the actual terrain elevation data on site. The intersection line of the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional stope model is further obtained using three-dimensional software. The intersection line is the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway;

[0036] d: Determine the construction area according to the top line of the slope and the position of the free surface in the construction area of ​​the development highway, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange light blasting holes along the top line of the slope in the construction area of ​​the development highway, the holes adjacent to the light blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area. Prepare a perforation design plan. The main blasting holes in the main blasting area are vertical holes, and the light blasting holes are designed at a design angle, that is, the design step slope angle;

[0037] Among them, the bottom position of the auxiliary hole is determined, and the auxiliary hole chassis resistance line W1 is determined according to the light blasting hole chassis resistance line W and the bottom position of the nearest main blasting hole. The nodes of the two chassis resistance lines are the bottom positions of the auxiliary holes. The bottom position of the auxiliary hole can be determined by determining its angle. According to the above requirements, the holes are arranged using three-dimensional software, and the initial hole arrangement coordinate data is generated, W=W1=row spacing, and the row spacing is the distance between the holes in the hole arrangement.

[0038] Since the development road has a slope, that is, the elevations of the starting point and the end point of the development road are fixed and there is a height difference, the elevations of the holes in the same row along the direction of the development road are different, and the elevations of the holes along the width of the development road are the same. To obtain the elevation of each hole, it is only necessary to obtain the elevation of a row of holes along the direction of the development road. It is necessary to assign elevation values ​​to the designed development road in the three-dimensional mining field model and make the designed development road into a three-dimensional stereogram, such as using three-dimensional software to assign elevation values ​​to the edge line of the designed development road, and using three-dimensional software to perform rounded elevation points between the starting point and the end point of the development road; thereby obtaining the hole layout coordinate data along the edge line of the development road, and combining the hole layout coordinate data along the edge line of the development road with the light blasting hole layout coordinate data in the initial hole layout coordinate data, the correct light blasting hole layout coordinate data can be obtained. The elevation of the holes along the width of the development road is the same as the elevation of the corresponding light blasting holes, so the hole layout coordinate data of all holes can be obtained.

[0039] For example, the initial hole layout coordinate data of the light blasting holes is (X, Y, Z), where the light blasting holes at different positions correspond to different X and Y. The hole layout coordinate data of the light blasting holes along the inner line of the development highway obtained by the above method is (X1, Y1, Z1), where the light blasting holes at different positions correspond to different X1, Y1, and Z1. Therefore, the combination of the two hole layout coordinate data is the actual hole layout coordinate data (X, Y, Z1) of the light blasting holes, where the light blasting holes at different positions correspond to different X, Y, and Z1, and the elevations of other holes are determined immediately.

[0040] e: Drill holes on site and directly import the obtained drilling data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site drilling. The excavation depth displayed on the RTK handbook is the actual hole depth of the hole, which is directly marked.

[0041] f: Further implement smooth surface blasting operations on the outer slope of the highway and continue according to steps d and e.

[0042] g: After the drilling is completed, the technical staff will be organized to inspect the holes, design and determine the blasting plan, and use the smooth blasting method for blasting, which will include a detailed description of the slope hole charging structure method such as Figure 3 As shown, the light blast hole is detonated by detonating cord according to the uncoupled charging method, the bottom is strengthened, the middle is normally charged according to the test results, and the amount of charge is reduced in the upper part. It should be noted that it is summarized from multiple blastings that the filling length L = (25~35)d. In fact, it is advisable to ensure that there is no punching according to the filling section <0.6m hole mouth pressure bag and other methods. L1 is left as a cavity, and only the explosive air wave is used for work, which can eliminate the problems of cracking and breakage in the upper part of the blast hole.

[0043] The charge structure of the smooth blast hole includes from top to bottom a filling section 8, a charge reduction area 9, a detonating cord 10, a normal charge area 11, and an explosive package reinforcement area 12.

[0044] An example is given with reference to the accompanying drawings: a suitable location is selected near the development road to start a new horizontal trenching and ditching work, and a 668-level wall expansion operation is carried out. A three-dimensional terrain model is created using actual terrain data, which can be implemented using 3Dmine. The blue intersection line is obtained using the three-dimensional design model of the stope and the three-dimensional terrain model. The blue intersection line is the top line of the slope in the construction area of ​​the development road. Holes are arranged along the 676-meter to 668-meter development road, and holes are arranged along the inside of the development road again corresponding to the light blasting holes on the top line of the slope. The actual bottom elevation of each hole is determined when the holes are arranged along the top line of the slope, and the wall is expanded again to finally form the construction of the 676-meter to 668-meter development road. The part of the present invention that uses three-dimensional software can be implemented using 3Dmine or any other known three-dimensional mapping software.

[0045] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasting construction method for developing a road in an open-pit mine, characterized in that: include: a: Arrange the new horizontal trenching position in advance according to the design position of the development road, leaving a certain working space for the development road construction; b: After expanding from the new horizontal trenching position to the vicinity of the development road, the development road construction work begins. The width of the working surface in the development road construction area must be wider than the development road by a certain amount L1, in preparation for the next step of smooth blasting of the construction slope of the development road; c: Determine the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway. The top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway is used to arrange the light blasting holes. First, a three-dimensional stope model is created using three-dimensional software according to the top line of the design step slope and the design step slope angle of the stope. Further, a three-dimensional terrain model is created using three-dimensional software according to the actual terrain elevation data on site. The intersection line of the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional stope model is further obtained using three-dimensional software. The intersection line is the top line of the construction area of ​​the development highway; d: Determine the construction area according to the top line of the slope and the position of the free surface in the construction area of ​​the development highway, arrange holes in the construction area, arrange light blasting holes along the top line of the slope in the construction area of ​​the development highway, the holes adjacent to the light blasting holes are auxiliary holes, and the remaining holes are main blasting holes. The area where the main blasting holes are located is the main blasting area. Prepare a perforation design plan. The main blasting holes in the main blasting area are vertical holes, and the light blasting holes are designed at a design angle, that is, the design step slope angle; Among them, determine the bottom position of the auxiliary hole, determine the bottom resistance line W1 of the auxiliary hole according to the bottom resistance line W of the light blasting hole and the bottom position of the nearest main blasting hole, the node of the two bottom resistance lines is the bottom position of the auxiliary hole, and the bottom position of the auxiliary hole can be determined by determining its angle. According to the above requirements, use three-dimensional software to arrange holes and generate initial hole arrangement coordinate data. Assign elevation values ​​to the designed development road in the three-dimensional stope model, use three-dimensional software to assign elevation values ​​to the designed development road edge line, and use three-dimensional software to execute smooth elevation points between the development road starting point and the development road end point; thereby obtaining the hole layout coordinate data along the development road edge line, combining the hole layout coordinate data along the development road edge line with the light blast hole layout coordinate data in the initial hole layout coordinate data, and obtaining the correct light blast hole layout coordinate data. The elevation of the hole along the width of the development road is the same as the elevation of the corresponding light blast hole, so the hole layout coordinate data of all holes can be obtained; e: Drill holes on site, and directly import the obtained drilling data into the surveying instrument RTK for on-site drilling. The digging depth displayed on the RTK handbook is the actual hole depth of the hole, which can be directly marked and then started to drill later; f: Further implement smooth blasting operations on the slopes outside the highway, and continue according to steps d and e; g: After drilling is completed, hole inspection, charging and blasting are carried out.

2. A method for blasting construction in an open-pit mine to develop a road according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step g: after the perforation is completed, technical personnel are organized to inspect the hole, design and determine the blasting plan, and the smooth blasting method is used for blasting. The smooth blasting hole is detonated by the uncoupled charging method using a detonating cord, and the filling length L=(25-35)d. The actual filling section is <0.6m, and the hole mouth is pressed to ensure that no hole is punched. L1 is left as a cavity, and only the explosive air wave is used for work.

3. The method for blasting a road in an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge structure of the smooth blast hole includes from top to bottom the filling section, the charge reduction area, the detonating cord, the normal charge area, and the detonator charge reinforcement area.

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