Tunnel automatic monitoring and measuring method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, in particular to an automatic tunnel monitoring and measuring method and system.The automatic tunnel monitoring and measuring system comprises multiple sets of monitoring terminals, a system control master station and a system platform, and the multiple sets of monitoring terminals are connected with the system control master station and used for collecting monitoring data and transmitting the monitoring data to the system control master station; the system control master station is connected with the system platform and used for processing, analyzing and storing monitoring data and uploading result data to the system platform, and the system platform is used for displaying monitoring results and printing reports; according to the tunnel automatic monitoring and measuring method provided by the invention, each tunnel section can be monitored in real time, the monitoring data can be processed and analyzed, early warning and report exporting can be carried out in time, manpower and material resources are saved, the monitoring efficiency is improved, and tunnel safety monitoring and informatization management are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel automatic monitoring and measuring method and system. Background Art

[0002] Monitoring and measurement technology is an important part of tunnel construction and an important technical means to guide construction. The traditional method of tunnel deformation monitoring is achieved through monitoring and measurement. The total station monitors the measuring points on each section of the tunnel primary support at a fixed frequency, and the purpose of monitoring is achieved based on the displacement and deformation of each measuring point. This method is almost mature and can effectively predict the change trend of each measuring point, which plays an important role in the safety monitoring of the tunnel.

[0003] At present, tunnel monitoring and measurement mainly rely on surveyors to use total stations and other equipment to monitor fixed measuring points at a fixed frequency to grasp the deformation of the tunnel section. The quality of monitoring and measurement results is affected by many factors: the professional level of surveyors, equipment accuracy, and on-site environmental conditions. Due to the complexity and variability of the construction site, monitoring points are easily damaged, making it difficult to ensure data continuity; and the monitoring time is limited by the on-site construction process, which requires a lot of manpower and resources to monitor the data of multiple tunnels. When abnormal deformation is found, monitoring personnel are required to increase the monitoring frequency and stay on site to update the deformation data of abnormal sections of the surrounding rock in a timely manner; especially in high-altitude areas, this places higher demands on the physical condition and professional ability of monitoring personnel. In addition, when the tunnel is excavated to dangerous or weak surrounding rock sections, high-frequency on-site monitoring not only increases the difficulty of work, but also significantly increases the safety risks of monitoring personnel.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need to provide a tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method and system to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method and system to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. According to the tunnel conditions, confirm the number of monitoring sections and the installation location of the tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system;

[0008] S2. Install multiple groups of monitoring terminals at installation positions corresponding to each monitoring section respectively;

[0009] S3, power on the monitoring terminal, press the indication button to record the available measurement lines, and enter the IP configuration interface to configure parameters;

[0010] S4, turn off the indication button and wait for the system control main station to send a collection command;

[0011] Enter the system control main station, connect to a single monitoring terminal respectively, and distinguish them by stake number. According to the actual situation and needs on site, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines;

[0012] Adjust the collection method of each monitoring terminal;

[0013] Modify the built-in algorithm parameters;

[0014] S5. Send collection instructions to each monitoring terminal to start the collection, processing and analysis of monitoring data and output the monitoring results.

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, the indication button is pressed, and the microprocessor calls the power switch module to power the WiFi module and generate a hotspot; a command is sent to the microprocessor to operate all laser heads, and the user confirms the available measuring lines according to the visible light beams emitted by the operating laser heads, and enters the IP configuration interface by connecting to the hotspot to turn off the laser heads of the unavailable measuring lines; the collection frequency and power-on and power-off duration parameters of the inclination collection and the measuring line collection are configured, and at the same time, it is confirmed whether to turn on the power consumption collection module.

[0016] Furthermore, in S4, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines, specifically:

[0017] Select the vault measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select any laser measurement line from 01 to 0N;

[0018] Select convergence measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select one or two of the laser measurement lines 01 to 0N and set synchronization;

[0019] The specific setting synchronization is: when the acquisition frequencies and power-on and power-off durations of the two measurement lines selected as the convergence measurement lines are inconsistent, the parameters of the measurement line with more collected data are used to modify the parameters of the other measurement line, so that the parameters of the two measurement lines selected as the convergence measurement lines are consistent.

[0020] Furthermore, in S4, the monitoring terminal collection method is adjusted, specifically:

[0021] The monitoring terminal acquisition mode includes automatic acquisition mode and custom measurement mode. The automatic acquisition mode includes low-frequency monitoring mode, conventional monitoring mode and high-frequency monitoring mode. After the initial selection of the monitoring mode, the monitoring mode will be adaptively modified as the data acquisition is updated;

[0022] The custom measurement mode is to perform monitoring according to the set power-on and power-off durations and data collection frequency after the IP configuration stage and the measurement line selection stage.

[0023] Furthermore, in S4, the built-in algorithm parameters are modified, specifically:

[0024] Input parameters: distance difference threshold, deformation rate intermediate warning value, deformation rate advanced warning value, cumulative deformation intermediate warning value, cumulative deformation advanced warning value, data refresh threshold.

[0025] Furthermore, S5 is specifically:

[0026] S5.1. Differentiate the data collected by each monitoring terminal by pile number;

[0027] S5.2, add survey line attributes and pair convergence data; classify the collected data by vault and convergence attribute identification;

[0028] S5.3, filtering and eliminating the arch survey line acquisition data by using the distance difference threshold; performing displacement compensation on the arch survey line data after filtering and eliminating;

[0029] Screening and eliminating a single or multiple original survey lines constituting a convergent survey line through a distance difference threshold; calculating the length of the convergent survey line formed after screening and elimination;

[0030] S5.4. Process and analyze the convergence line length data and the arch line data after displacement compensation to obtain the final monitoring results.

[0031] Furthermore, S5 also includes data refresh. If the difference between two adjacent inclination values ​​collected by the inclination module exceeds the limit, all arch survey lines and convergence survey lines need to recalculate the initial values ​​and re-perform continuous monitoring.

[0032] A tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system, which uses the tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method as described above to monitor the tunnel section, comprises a plurality of monitoring terminals, a system control main station and a system platform, wherein the plurality of monitoring terminals are connected to the system control main station, and the system control main station is connected to the system platform;

[0033] The monitoring terminal includes a housing, a battery, a radio station and a multi-lens rangefinder, wherein the battery, the radio station and the multi-lens rangefinder are all arranged inside the housing, the battery is used to power the radio station and the multi-lens rangefinder, the multi-lens rangefinder is connected to the radio station, and the radio station is connected to the system control main station;

[0034] The multi-lens rangefinder comprises a rangefinder body, N laser heads and a main board. The N laser heads are distributed on the rangefinder body in a fan shape, and the main board is arranged in the rangefinder body.

[0035] Furthermore, a microprocessor, a tilt module, a power consumption collection module, a power switch module and a WiFi module are provided on the main board; the microprocessor is connected to the radio station; the laser head, the tilt module, the power consumption collection module, the power switch module and the WiFi module are all connected to the microprocessor; the power consumption collection module is connected to the laser head and the tilt module.

[0036] Furthermore, a viewing window is provided on the shell, and the setting position of the viewing window corresponds to the transmitting and receiving end of the laser head; the battery is set in the shell through a battery compartment, and an indication button is provided on the battery compartment, and the indication button is connected to the multi-lens rangefinder.

[0037] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The present invention provides a tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method, which can monitor each tunnel section in real time, process and analyze the monitoring data, and provide timely warnings and report exports, thereby saving manpower and material resources, improving monitoring efficiency, and promoting information management and tunnel safety monitoring.

[0039] (2) The automatic tunnel monitoring and measurement method provided by the present invention realizes adaptive monitoring of the tunnel section by setting the automatic acquisition mode. There is no need for monitoring personnel to increase the monitoring frequency and stay on site, thereby improving the safety of monitoring.

[0040] (3) The automatic tunnel monitoring and measurement method provided by the present invention controls data refresh through the inclination change data collected by the inclination module, eliminates invalid data by setting a distance threshold, ensures the accuracy and reliability of the collected data, and implements early warning by setting an early warning threshold, thereby realizing the monitoring of tunnel section deformation.

[0041] (4) The automatic tunnel monitoring and measurement method provided by the present invention can further analyze the output data to obtain the predicted deformation trend of the tunnel section when the deformation rate and cumulative deformation do not exceed the warning value, so as to further understand the possible deformation of the tunnel section and realize early warning.

[0042] (5) The present invention provides an automatic monitoring and measuring system for a tunnel. The system has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can realize real-time monitoring of the tunnel section, especially automatic monitoring of multiple arch vertices and convergence lines through eight measuring lines, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0043] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the monitoring terminal in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure;

[0047] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Side view of

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the monitoring terminal used for tunnel monitoring;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the process of setting synchronization of two convergent measurement lines;

[0050] Among them, 1. Shell, 1.1. Bottom plate, 1.2. Back plate, 1.3. Main panel, 1.4. Side panel, 1.5. Top plate, 1.6. Viewing window, 2. Battery, 3. Radio, 3.1. Radio antenna, 4. Multi-lens rangefinder; 01~08, survey line number. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0054] Example:

[0055] The present embodiment provides a tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system, including multiple groups of monitoring terminals, a system control main station and a system platform. The multiple groups of monitoring terminals are connected to the system control main station for collecting monitoring data and transmitting it to the system control main station. The system control main station is connected to the system platform for processing, analyzing, storing, and issuing early warnings on the monitoring data and uploading the result data to the system platform. The system platform is used to display the monitoring results and print reports.

[0056] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The monitoring terminal includes a shell 1, a battery 2, a radio station 3 and a multi-lens rangefinder 4. The battery 2, the radio station 3 and the multi-lens rangefinder 4 are all arranged inside the shell 1. The battery 2 is used to power the radio station 3 and the multi-lens rangefinder 4. The multi-lens rangefinder 4 is connected to the radio station 3, and the radio station 3 is connected to the system control main station.

[0057] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the housing 1 includes a bottom plate 1.1, a back plate 1.2, a main panel 1.3, two side panels 1.4 and a top plate 1.5. The bottom plate 1.1, the back plate 1.2, the main panel 1.3, the two side panels 1.4 and the top plate 1.5 cooperate to form a hollow housing structure. Figure 3 The shell 1 is in a ladder shape as a whole, the back plate 1.2 and the main panel 1.3 are arranged opposite and parallel, the back plate 1.2 and the main panel 1.3 are arranged vertically on the bottom plate 1.1, and the top plate 1.5 is arranged downwardly inclined between the back plate 1.2 and the main panel 1.3.

[0058] The multi-lens rangefinder includes a rangefinder body, N laser heads and a main board. The N laser heads are distributed in a fan shape on the rangefinder body, and the main board is arranged in the rangefinder body. In this embodiment, there are 8 laser heads arranged at fixed angles, which are 01 to 08 from bottom to top. The 8 laser heads emit 8 measurement lines. Figure 4 , with the horizontal direction as the reference, the angles of the 8 measuring lines are 0°, α1, ..., α7 respectively. The setting angle of the laser head is obtained by analyzing the inner contour of the tunnel, and is specifically determined based on the principle that at least one measuring line can measure the arch top position and one measuring line can measure the arch waist position. The main panel 1.3 and the top plate 1.5 are provided with a viewing window 1.6. The setting position of the viewing window 1.6 corresponds to the receiving and transmitting end of the laser head. The laser head can receive and transmit the laser beam through the viewing window 1.6 to obtain the distance value of the measuring line; preferably, the viewing window 1.6 is composed of two independent viewing windows respectively arranged on the main panel 1.3 and the top plate 1.5. The viewing window glass is fixed to the main panel 1.3 and the top plate 1.5 by a fixing plate, which is convenient for replacement (under the tunnel construction environment, the viewing window may be damaged and contaminated, and the replaceable viewing window simplifies the replacement steps and makes the monitoring data more continuous).

[0059] In this embodiment, the main board is provided with a microprocessor, a tilt module, a power consumption acquisition module, a power switch module and a WiFi module. The microprocessor is connected to the radio station; the laser head, the tilt module, the power consumption acquisition module, the power switch module and the WiFi module are all connected to the microprocessor; the power consumption acquisition module is connected to the laser head and the tilt module. The microprocessor receives and processes the measurement line distance data, the tilt data and the power consumption data in real time, and transmits the data through the radio station, and can control 8 measurement lines at the same time; the tilt module collects the tilt data of the multi-lens rangefinder; the power consumption acquisition module collects the power consumption generated by the laser head and the tilt module respectively; the power switch module is controlled by the microprocessor to realize the control of the power supply of each module (in order to increase the battery life in the most effective way); the WiFi module is used to connect to the hotspot on site to enter the IP configuration interface for parameter configuration.

[0060] In this embodiment, the multi-lens rangefinder 4 is mounted on the back panel 1.2 by bolts; the battery 2 is arranged on the side panel 1.4 through a battery compartment, and an indication button is arranged on the battery compartment, and the indication button is connected to the multi-lens rangefinder 4. When the indication button is pressed, it will self-lock and call the switch power supply module to power the WiFi module, and send instructions to the microprocessor to let all laser heads run but not collect line data; the radio station 3 is fixed to the side panel 1.4 by bolts, and the radio station antenna 3.1 is arranged on the outside of the top plate 1.5.

[0061] In this embodiment, a mounting through hole is provided on the back plate 1.2, and the monitoring terminal is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel after being inserted into the mounting through hole by fixing bolts. Preferably, the mounting through hole includes a vertical through hole provided on the upper part of the back plate 1.2 and a horizontal through hole provided on the bottom of the back plate 1.2. This arrangement can save time for on-site installation (there is deviation in the drilling of the tunnel side wall, and separately providing vertical through holes and horizontal through holes can reduce the probability of drilling deviation and re-drilling. In addition, the horizontal through hole can also limit the downward displacement of the equipment itself due to its own weight).

[0062] In this embodiment, the system control main station receives the data transmitted by the monitoring terminal in real time and processes and analyzes it, and uploads the processed data to the system platform for display. At the same time, the receiving system platform sends instructions to modify the built-in algorithm parameters and modify the collection method of the monitoring terminal; the system control main station includes a radio host, an industrial computer and an alarm. The radio host is connected to the radio station 3 for receiving the monitoring data of the monitoring terminal. The industrial computer is connected to the radio host and the alarm for processing and analyzing the monitoring data. If an abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued through the alarm.

[0063] The industrial computer includes an attribute adding module, a convergence data pairing module, a displacement compensation module, a data processing module, a data analysis module and a data refresh module. The attribute adding module is used to add attributes to the collected data. The convergence data pairing module realizes the convergence survey line selection operation. The displacement compensation module is used to perform displacement compensation on the arch survey line data. The data processing module is used to process the classified data. The data analysis module is used to analyze the processed data. The data refresh module is used to refresh the calculation of the collected data.

[0064] This embodiment provides a tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method, comprising the following steps:

[0065] S1. According to the tunnel conditions, confirm the number of monitoring sections and the installation location of the tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system; preferably, the system control main station is arranged at the cloth hanging trolley and powered on; the monitoring terminal is arranged on the side wall of the tunnel section where the most measuring lines can be measured according to different construction progress and construction methods;

[0066] S2. Install multiple groups of monitoring terminals at installation positions corresponding to each monitoring section respectively;

[0067] S3, power on the monitoring terminal, press the indication button to record the available measurement lines, and enter the IP configuration interface to configure parameters;

[0068] S4, turn off the indication button and wait for the system control main station to send a collection command;

[0069] Enter the system control main station, connect to a single monitoring terminal respectively, and distinguish them by stake number. According to the actual situation and needs on site, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines;

[0070] Adjust the collection method of each monitoring terminal;

[0071] Modify the built-in algorithm parameters;

[0072] S5. Send collection instructions to each monitoring terminal to start the collection, processing and analysis of monitoring data and output the monitoring results.

[0073] In S3, specifically:

[0074] Press the indicator button, and the microprocessor calls the power switch module to supply power to the WiFi module, generating a hotspot;

[0075] Send instructions to the microprocessor to operate all laser heads. The user confirms the available measurement lines according to the visible light beams emitted by the laser heads, and closes the laser heads of unavailable measurement lines by connecting to the hotspot and entering the IP configuration interface. Recording the available measurement lines means that when actually used on the construction site, due to different installation locations, different construction methods, different construction progress, etc., there may be obstructed or invalidly collected measurement lines among the 8 measurement lines. These measurement lines need to be recorded and closed through the IP login configuration interface to avoid redundant calculations and thus redundant power consumption. Another important reason for recording the available measurement lines is that the system needs to control the master station to select the available measurement lines to generate the vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines in the later stage.

[0076] Configure the collection frequency and power-on and power-off duration parameters for inclination collection and line collection, and confirm whether to turn on the power consumption collection module; the power-on and power-off durations are set as T1 for the power-on duration and T2 for the power-off duration. Within the power-on duration T1, data is collected at the set collection frequency. The purpose of setting the power-on duration is to increase the battery life and reduce manual operations.

[0077] In S4, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines; specifically:

[0078] Select the vault measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select any laser measurement line from 01 to 0N;

[0079] Select convergence measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select one or two of the laser measurement lines 01 to 0N and set synchronization; the specific synchronization setting is: when the acquisition frequency and power-on and power-off duration set for the two measurement lines selected as convergence measurement lines are inconsistent, the parameters of the measurement line with more collected data shall be used as the basis to modify the parameters of the other measurement line, so that the parameters of the two measurement lines selected as convergence measurement lines are consistent, which is specifically achieved by comparing the number of data groups collected by the two measurement lines within the original set power-on and power-off duration and within one cycle of the original set monitoring frequency, for example, see Figure 5 , the input cycle length of one measuring line is T0, the power-on time is T1, the power-off time is T2, and the monitoring frequency is f1. The number of collected data groups is calculated to be m1; the input cycle length of the other measuring line is T0, the power-on time is T3, the power-off time is T4, and the monitoring frequency is f2. The number of collected data groups is calculated to be m2; determine whether m1 is greater than m2. If so, make T3=T1, T4=T2, f2=f1; if not, make T1=T3, T2=T4, f1=f2.

[0080] Adjust the acquisition mode of each monitoring terminal, specifically: the acquisition mode of the monitoring terminal includes automatic acquisition mode and custom measurement mode, the automatic acquisition mode includes low-frequency monitoring mode, conventional monitoring mode and high-frequency monitoring mode, after the initial selection of the monitoring mode, the monitoring mode will be adaptively modified as the data collection is updated; the custom measurement mode is after the IP configuration stage and the measurement line selection stage, and the monitoring is performed according to the set power-on and power-off duration and data collection frequency;

[0081] In the automatic acquisition mode, the low-frequency monitoring mode corresponds to the low-risk surrounding rock section. In the low-frequency monitoring mode, the power-on and power-off time and acquisition frequency of each module are synchronized to the survey line with the least data collection, and the power is cut off in sequence according to the data collection feedback of the power consumption module. Specifically, it is judged whether the power is less than threshold 1. If so, the power-on time is shortened, the data collection frequency is reduced, and it is further judged whether the power is less than threshold 2; if not, data collection is continued according to the original power-on time and acquisition frequency; it is judged whether the power is less than threshold 2. If so, the arch survey line is retained, and the convergence survey line and inclination module are closed; if not, data collection is continued according to the original power-on time and acquisition frequency; threshold 1 and threshold 2 are set according to actual usage needs. If a longer battery life is required, the threshold can be set to a higher value, and if a shorter battery life is required, the threshold can be set to a lower value;

[0082] The conventional monitoring mode in the automatic acquisition mode corresponds to the conventional surrounding rock section. In the conventional monitoring mode, the power-on and power-off duration of the dip module and the acquisition frequency are set the same as those of each survey line (vault survey line and convergence survey line). The power-on and power-off duration and monitoring frequency of each survey line (vault survey line and convergence survey line) are synchronized to the survey line with the most collected data.

[0083] In the automatic acquisition mode, the high-frequency monitoring mode corresponds to the high-risk surrounding rock section. In the high-frequency monitoring mode, the dip module and each survey line (vault survey line and convergence survey line) remain powered on, and the monitoring frequency of each survey line (vault survey line and convergence survey line) is synchronized to the survey line with the most collected data. The acquisition frequency of the dip module is synchronized to the monitoring frequency of each survey line (vault survey line and convergence survey line);

[0084] The adaptive modification of the monitoring mode is that after the initial selection of the monitoring mode, it is determined whether the warning value is exceeded based on the collected and processed data. If exceeded, the high-frequency monitoring mode is entered. If not, it is determined whether the continuous deformation rate is less than the specification requirements. If so, the low-frequency monitoring mode is entered. If not, monitoring is continued.

[0085] Modify the built-in algorithm parameters; specifically:

[0086] Input parameters: distance difference threshold, deformation rate intermediate warning value, deformation rate advanced warning value, cumulative deformation intermediate warning value, cumulative deformation advanced warning value, data refresh threshold.

[0087] S5 specifically:

[0088] S5.1. Differentiate the data collected by each monitoring terminal by pile number.

[0089] S5.2. Adding line attributes and converging data pairing, specifically:

[0090] Adding survey line attributes: Adding survey line attributes to the corresponding arch survey line selection (Gd1~Gd n ,n∈[0,3]) and surrounding convergent line selection (sl1~sl n ,n∈[0,3]), specifically: the data returned by each original survey line is a list in the format of [identifier, time, distance value, angle], the selection of the arch survey line is based on the identifier in the first column of the original survey line return data, and the attribute identifier "gd" is added to the data returned by all the selected identified survey lines. Similarly, the attribute identifier of the surrounding convergence survey line is "sl", and the angle is the angle of the 01~08 survey line (0°, α1, ..., α7);

[0091] Convergence data pairing: Convergence data pairing corresponds to the selection of surrounding convergence measurement lines (sl1~sl n ,n∈[0,3]), select one or two original survey lines as a new convergent survey line sl n If the menu bar is selected, add sl n Sub-attribute identifier (when there are multiple convergence lines, they are named sl1 to sl n ); If two are selected, the data returned by the two measurement lines each time must be judged according to the timestamp whether they are data collected at the same time. If so, two sets of data are returned, and sl is added to both measurement lines. n Sub-attribute identifier (when there are multiple convergence lines, they are named sl1 to sl n ), if not, no return is made;

[0092] The collected data is classified by the attribute identifier "gd" of the dome and the attribute identifier "sl" of the convergence.

[0093] S5.3. Filter and eliminate the data collected from the arch survey line by using the distance difference threshold. Specifically:

[0094] According to the attribute identification, the following calculations are performed on the original survey line with the "gd" attribute identification:

[0095] h i = l i *sin(α+β0)i,j∈[1,7];

[0096] In the above formula, h i is the vault elevation value measured for the i-th time on the selected survey line, l iis the i-th measured distance value of the selected survey line, α is the fixed angle corresponding to the survey line under the attribute identification; β0 is the initial value data of the inclination angle of the monitoring terminal;

[0097] The premise of the above calculation is to first calculate whether Δl exceeds the limit. If it exceeds the limit, no calculation will be performed this time. The judgment criteria are as follows:

[0098] Δl=l i -l i-1 ;

[0099] In the above formula, l i is the i-th measured distance value of the selected survey line, l i-1 is the i-1th measured distance value of the selected survey line, Δl is the distance difference. If Δl exceeds the threshold, it means that the data collected this time is invalid (occluded or not collected) and needs to be eliminated;

[0100] Displacement compensation is performed on the arch survey line data after screening and elimination; after the monitoring terminal is installed, it is often not horizontal. At this time, the inclinometer needs to read the data to compensate for the angles (α1, α2, ..., α7) of the original 01-08 survey lines. Specifically, the initial value data β0 of the inclinometer is read after each installation, and β0 is compensated to the angles of the original 01-08 survey lines;

[0101] The single or multiple original survey lines that constitute the convergent survey line are screened and eliminated by the distance difference threshold, and the length of the convergent survey line formed after screening and elimination is calculated. Specifically:

[0102] Based on the sub-attribute identification, the following calculations are performed on a single or a pair of original survey lines that make up the convergence line:

[0103] If it is a single survey line:

[0104] S i = l i ;

[0105] In the above formula, S i is the distance value calculated for the i-th time for the selected convergence line, l i is the i-th measured distance value of the selected survey line;

[0106] If it is a pair of measuring lines:

[0107]

[0108] In the above formula, S i is the distance value calculated for the selected convergence line for the i-th time, l1 i is the i-th measured distance value of the first original survey line selected, l2 iis the i-th measured distance value of the second selected original survey line, α1 is the fixed angle corresponding to the first selected original survey line, and α2 is the fixed angle corresponding to the second selected original survey line;

[0109] The premise of the above calculation is to calculate whether Δl1 and Δl2 exceed the limit. The calculation method of Δl1 and Δl2 is the same as Δl. If Δl1 and Δl2 exceed the limit, no calculation will be performed this time, which means that the collected data is invalid and needs to be eliminated.

[0110] S5.4. Process and analyze the convergence line length data and the arch line data after displacement compensation to obtain the final monitoring results. Specifically:

[0111] The elevation value h of each arch top line i , convergence line S i (h i , S i Use d i Substitution) and measurement time t i As input, the calculations are performed and the following results are output:

[0112] Initial measurement value: take the first calculated d0 as the initial measurement value, and the corresponding time t0 as the initial measurement time;

[0113] Measuring time: Take the measurement time returned each time as the measurement time t of this time i ;

[0114] This measurement value: take the calculated value returned each time as the measurement value d i ;

[0115] Last measured value: Take the calculated value returned last time as the last measured value returned this time. i-1 ;

[0116] This deformation: Δd = d i -d i-1 , d i is the data calculated for the ith measurement, d i-1 is the data calculated from the i-1th measurement, and Δd is the deformation of this measurement;

[0117] This deformation rate:

[0118] v i =(d i -d i-1 ) / (t i -t i-1 );

[0119] In the above formula, t i is the measurement time of the ith measurement, t i-1is the measurement time of the i-1th measurement, v i is the deformation rate of this time; preferably, in order to comply with the specification, the deformation rate is calculated once every half day or one day;

[0120] Cumulative deformation:

[0121] Δd=d i -d0;

[0122] In the above formula, Δd is the cumulative deformation;

[0123] After each output result, all output data are subjected to regression analysis to predict the next period deformation and final deformation. Specifically, the input parameters are (t, Δd), where t is the time (days) after the initial reading, that is, the time interval between the current measurement time and the initial measurement, and Δd is the cumulative deformation; the output result is the predicted next cumulative deformation Δd next And the final cumulative deformation Δd end , perform data analysis as follows:

[0124] ① Calculate the dependent variables (x, y) of the three regression equations respectively, as follows:

[0125] Exponential function: x = 1 / t, y = ln(Δd);

[0126] Logarithmic function: x = 1 / lg(1+t), y = Δd;

[0127] Hyperbolic function: x = 1 / t, y = 1 / Δd;

[0128] ②Substitute the dependent variables (x, y) obtained by different functions into the linear function of regression analysis and calculate the correlation coefficient r;

[0129]

[0130] In the above formula, n = number of measurements - 1. The regression curve equation with r closest to 1 is calculated in each period to represent the regression of the analyzed measurement point data. It should be noted that in general, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient r of the selected curve function should be greater than 0.9;

[0131] ③ Calculate the regression analysis straight line function coefficient a and constant b based on the regression curve equation where r is closest to 1:

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] Calculate the regression curve equation constants A and B based on the regression curve equation with r closest to 1:

[0135] Exponential function: A = ea , B = -b;

[0136] Logarithmic function: A = a, B = b;

[0137] Hyperbolic function: A = b, B = a;

[0138] ④Estimated cumulative displacement value on the next measurement date (latest measurement date + measurement cycle):

[0139] Exponential function:

[0140] Logarithmic function: Δd next =A+B / lg(1+t next );

[0141] Hyperbolic function:

[0142] t next Indicates the next measurement date;

[0143] ⑤Expected final cumulative deformation:

[0144] Exponential function: Δd end =A;

[0145] Logarithmic function: Δd end =A;

[0146] Hyperbolic function: Δd end =1 / B.

[0147] When v i , Δd and Δd end When the warning value is not exceeded, the predicted deformation trend of the tunnel section is obtained by analyzing the output results; when v i , Δd and Δd end When the intermediate warning value and the advanced warning value are exceeded respectively, an early warning is triggered, the system controls the main station to alarm, and the system platform will push early warning information for reminder.

[0148] In this embodiment, S5 also includes data refresh. If the difference between two adjacent inclination values ​​collected by the inclination module exceeds the limit, it means that the equipment is likely to be hit by an external impact or moved manually. In this case, all the arch survey lines and convergence survey lines need to recalculate the initial values ​​and re-monitor continuously, and the previous data will be saved.

[0149] The automatic tunnel monitoring and measurement method and system provided in this embodiment can perform real-time monitoring of each tunnel section, and can process and analyze the monitoring data, and timely warn and export reports. It has certain practical application value in saving manpower and material resources, improving monitoring efficiency, and promoting tunnel safety monitoring and information management.

[0150] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. According to the tunnel conditions, confirm the number of monitoring sections and the installation location of the tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system; S2. Install multiple groups of monitoring terminals at installation positions corresponding to each monitoring section respectively; S3, power on the monitoring terminal, press the indication button to record the available measurement lines, and enter the IP configuration interface to configure parameters; S4, turn off the indication button and wait for the system control main station to send a collection command; Enter the system control main station, connect to a single monitoring terminal respectively, and distinguish them by stake number. According to the actual situation and needs on site, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines; Adjust the collection method of each monitoring terminal; Modify the built-in algorithm parameters; S5. Send collection instructions to each monitoring terminal to start the collection, processing and analysis of monitoring data and output the monitoring results.

2. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the indication button is pressed, and the microprocessor calls the power switch module to supply power to the WiFi module to generate a hotspot; Send instructions to the microprocessor to operate all laser heads. The user confirms the available measurement lines based on the visible light beams emitted by the laser heads, and enters the IP configuration interface by connecting to the hotspot to shut down the laser heads of unavailable measurement lines; configure the acquisition frequency and power-on and power-off duration parameters of inclination acquisition and measurement line acquisition, and confirm whether to turn on the power consumption acquisition module.

3. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, the available measurement lines of a single monitoring terminal are divided into two categories: vault measurement lines and convergence measurement lines, specifically: Select the vault measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select any laser measurement line from 01 to 0N; Select convergence measurement line: For any connected monitoring terminal, select one or two of the laser measurement lines 01 to 0N and set synchronization; The specific setting synchronization is: when the acquisition frequencies and power-on and power-off durations of the two measurement lines selected as the convergence measurement lines are inconsistent, the parameters of the measurement line with more collected data are used to modify the parameters of the other measurement line, so that the parameters of the two measurement lines selected as the convergence measurement lines are consistent.

4. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, the monitoring terminal collection method is adjusted, specifically: The monitoring terminal acquisition mode includes automatic acquisition mode and custom measurement mode. The automatic acquisition mode includes low-frequency monitoring mode, conventional monitoring mode and high-frequency monitoring mode. After the initial selection of the monitoring mode, the monitoring mode will be adaptively modified as the data acquisition is updated; The custom measurement mode is to perform monitoring according to the set power-on and power-off durations and data collection frequency after the IP configuration stage and the measurement line selection stage.

5. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, the built-in algorithm parameters are modified, specifically: Input parameters: distance difference threshold, deformation rate intermediate warning value, deformation rate advanced warning value, cumulative deformation intermediate warning value, cumulative deformation advanced warning value, data refresh threshold.

6. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: S5 specifically: S5.

1. Differentiate the data collected by each monitoring terminal by pile number; S5.2, add survey line attributes and pair convergence data; classify the collected data by vault and convergence attribute identification; S5.3, filtering and eliminating the arch survey line acquisition data by using the distance difference threshold; performing displacement compensation on the arch survey line data after filtering and eliminating; Screening and eliminating a single or multiple original survey lines constituting a convergent survey line through a distance difference threshold; calculating the length of the convergent survey line formed after screening and elimination; S5.

4. Process and analyze the convergence line length data and the arch line data after displacement compensation to obtain the final monitoring results.

7. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to claim 6, characterized in that: S5 also includes data refresh. If the difference between two adjacent inclination values ​​collected by the inclination module exceeds the limit, all arch survey lines and convergence survey lines need to recalculate the initial values ​​and re-perform continuous monitoring.

8. A tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system, which uses the tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to monitor the tunnel section, characterized in that: It includes multiple groups of monitoring terminals, a system control main station and a system platform, wherein the multiple groups of monitoring terminals are connected to the system control main station, and the system control main station is connected to the system platform; The monitoring terminal includes a housing, a battery, a radio station and a multi-lens rangefinder, wherein the battery, the radio station and the multi-lens rangefinder are all arranged inside the housing, the battery is used to power the radio station and the multi-lens rangefinder, the multi-lens rangefinder is connected to the radio station, and the radio station is connected to the system control main station; The multi-lens rangefinder comprises a rangefinder body, N laser heads and a main board. The N laser heads are distributed on the rangefinder body in a fan shape, and the main board is arranged in the rangefinder body.

9. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main board is provided with a microprocessor, a tilt module, a power consumption collection module, a power switch module and a WiFi module; the microprocessor is connected to the radio station; the laser head, the tilt module, the power consumption collection module, the power switch module and the WiFi module are all connected to the microprocessor; the power consumption collection module is connected to the laser head and the tilt module.

10. The tunnel automatic monitoring and measurement system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a viewing window, and the setting position of the viewing window corresponds to the transmitting and receiving end of the laser head; the battery is set in the shell through a battery compartment, and the battery compartment is provided with an indication button, and the indication button is connected to the multi-lens rangefinder.

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