Obtaining method and device of target particle and determining method of particle

Abstract

The invention discloses a target particle acquisition method and device and a particle determination method. The target particle obtaining method comprises the following steps: controlling charged particles to migrate in an electric field and a fluid action field; screening the charged particles at the target position as target particles; the intensity of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electromobility of the target particles and the flow velocity of the fluid. According to the target particle acquisition method, particles with different electromobility can be screened according to the intensity of the electric field, the target position and the flow velocity of the fluid, and the electromobility is in one-to-one correspondence with particles with specific geometric structures, so that the particles with the specific geometric structures can be accurately screened. Besides, the determination of the electromobility / geometric structure / quality of the particles can be realized by collecting signals of the particles at the target position under different electric field intensities, the environmental requirements (such as normal temperature and normal pressure) for screening and online testing are low, and target particles can be screened from the charged particles of the isomeride.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nano materials and atomic manufacturing, and in particular to a method and device for acquiring target particles, and a method for determining particles. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, based on the intersection of physics, chemistry, life, materials, environment, information and other disciplines, new concepts, strategies, methods and reactions of particles and their clusters have been developed. Particles contain at least one of molecules, ions and clusters. Clusters are multi-nuclear aggregates between atoms / molecules and macroscopic matter, with a certain atomic composition and chemical structure. They represent the primary ecology of some condensed matter and are an ideal model for associating macroscopic properties with the microscopic structure of matter. They are of great significance for a deep understanding of the laws of material transformation. However, due to the lack of high-precision and high-resolution online characterization technology for particles and the difficulty of ensuring in-situ characterization of particles under the original ecological environment, it is still difficult to accurately screen particles despite a large number of outstanding materials and devices for preparing particles. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect in the prior art that it is difficult to accurately screen particles based on their structure, and to provide a method and device for obtaining target particles and a method for determining the geometric structure of particles.

[0004] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0005] As a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for acquiring target particles, comprising:

[0006] Manipulate the migration of charged particles in the action field of electric field and fluid.

[0007] The charged particles at the target position are screened as target particles.

[0008] The strength of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

[0009] Optionally, the strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L OK.

[0010] Wherein, E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p Characterizing the electrical mobility of the target particles, L characterizes the second distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the fluid flow direction.

[0011] Optionally, before the step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid, the step includes:

[0012] Manipulate the migration of charged particles in a fluid and in an electric field of varying electric field strength;

[0013] Acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between an electrical mobility of a charged particle moving to the target position and a collection signal of the charged particle at the target position;

[0014] Determine the electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electrical mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electrical mobility as the target particles;

[0015] Determining the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the target electrical mobility of the target particles;

[0016] The step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field and the fluid action field specifically includes: manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field of target electric field strength and the fluid action field.

[0017] Optionally, the fluid is liquid or gas.

[0018] Optionally, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules and charged clusters.

[0019] Optionally, the target particles are all charged.

[0020] Optionally, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles.

[0021] Optionally, the target position is adjustable.

[0022] Among them, the target position is determined based on a first distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the electric field and a second distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the fluid flow, the first distance is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle, and the second distance is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle.

[0023] Optionally, the electric field direction of the electric field is perpendicular to a component of the flow direction of the fluid.

[0024] Optionally, before the step of screening the charged particles at the target position as target particles, the step includes: obtaining theoretical electrical mobility of the target particles.

[0025] A collection signal curve is obtained, wherein the collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the target particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the target particles at the target position.

[0026] Determining a collection signal peak value of the collection signal curve and an actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value;

[0027] When the difference between the actual electrical mobility and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the actual electrical mobility is determined to be the electrical mobility of the target particle.

[0028] Optionally, collecting signal peaks includes at least one collecting signal peak.

[0029] The step of determining the collection signal peak of the collection signal curve and the actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak specifically includes: determining the electrical mobility with the smallest difference from the theoretical electrical mobility from the electrical mobilities corresponding to the collection signal peaks as the actual electrical mobility.

[0030] As a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for determining a particle, comprising:

[0031] The theoretical geometry and / or theoretical mass of the charged particle is determined based on the elemental composition and atomic number of the target particle.

[0032] Wherein, the target particles are obtained according to the target particle acquisition method in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0033] And according to the theoretical geometric structure of the particle and the fluid in which the particle is located, the theoretical electrical mobility of the particle is determined.

[0034] When the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the theoretical geometric structure is determined to be the actual geometric structure of the particle.

[0035] And / or, based on the theoretical mass of the target particle and the fluid in which the particle is located, the theoretical electrical mobility of the target particle is determined; when the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the theoretical mass is determined to be the actual mass of the target particle.

[0036] As a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a device for acquiring target particles, comprising: an electric field generating device, the electric field generating device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode for forming an electric field;

[0037] A particle source is provided at the first electrode, a fluid channel is provided on a side close to the particle source, and a particle acquisition device is provided at a target position at the second electrode, and the particle acquisition device is provided on one side of the fluid channel;

[0038] The fluid channel is used to input fluid;

[0039] The particle source is used to input charged particles;

[0040] The electric field generating device is also used to control the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid based on the action of the electric field;

[0041] The particle acquisition device is used to acquire target charged particles at a target position;

[0042] The strength of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

[0043] Optionally, it includes a signal collection acquisition device and an electric field strength determination device;

[0044] The electric field generating device is also used to generate a changing electric field to manipulate the migration of charged particles in the fluid and in the field of action of the electric field with a changing electric field strength;

[0045] The collection signal acquisition device is arranged at the target position, and is used to acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the charged particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the charged particles at the target position;

[0046] The electric field strength determination device is electrically connected to the electric field generating device and the collection signal acquisition device, respectively, and is used to determine the electric mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electric mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electric mobility as the target particles;

[0047] Determining the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the target electrical mobility of the target particles;

[0048] The electric field generating device is specifically used to control the migration of charged particles in an electric field of target electric field strength and an action field of a fluid.

[0049] Optionally, the strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L is confirmed;

[0050] Wherein, E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p Characterizing the electrical mobility of the target particles, L characterizes the second distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the fluid flow direction.

[0051] Optionally, the acquisition device further includes a sealed insulating shell, and the electric field generating device is arranged in the shell;

[0052] Optionally, the fluid is a liquid or a gas;

[0053] Optionally, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules and charged clusters;

[0054] Optionally, the target particles are all charged;

[0055] Optionally, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles;

[0056] Optionally, the target position is adjustable;

[0057] Among them, the target position is determined based on a first distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the electric field and a second distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the fluid flow, the first distance is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle, and the second distance is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle.

[0058] Optionally, the electric field direction of the electric field is perpendicular to a component of the flow direction of the fluid.

[0059] Optionally, the acquisition device further comprises a collection signal acquisition device and an electrical mobility determination device;

[0060] The collection signal acquisition device is disposed at the target position, and is used to acquire a collection signal curve, wherein the collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the target particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the target particles at the target position;

[0061] The electrical mobility determination device is electrically connected to the collection signal acquisition device, and is used to obtain the theoretical electrical mobility of the target particles, determine the collection signal peak of the collection signal curve and the actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak, and when the difference between the actual electrical mobility and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, determine that the actual electrical mobility is the electrical mobility of the target particles.

[0062] Optionally, the collected signal peaks include at least one collected signal peak;

[0063] The collected signal acquisition device is specifically used to determine the actual mobility from the mobilities corresponding to the peak values ​​of the collected signals, the mobility having the smallest difference from the theoretical mobility.

[0064] On the basis of being in accordance with the common sense in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0065] The positive and progressive effects of the present invention are:

[0066] The intensity of the electric field, the target position and the flow rate of the fluid are used to screen particles with different mobilities. The screening environment has low requirements and only requires normal temperature and pressure. The target particles can also be screened out from charged particles of isomers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a process for acquiring target particles in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the application of a method for acquiring target particles in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a collection signal curve of a method for acquiring target particles in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a collection signal curve of a method for acquiring target particles in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 5 Cu8 of Group 1 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0072] Figure 6 Pt6 of Group 2 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0073] Figure 7 Mo5 of Group 3 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0074] Figure 8 The Au3 of group 4 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0075] Fig. 9 The Au6 of group 5 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0076] Fig.10 is Rh of Group 6 in Example 1 of the present invention 13 + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0077] Fig.11 is Rh of Group 7 in Example 1 of the present invention 13 +Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0078] Fig.12 The Cu3Mo2 of group 8 in Example 1 of the present invention + Schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the cluster.

[0079] Fig.13 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the geometric structure of a cluster in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0080] Fig.14 This is a first structural schematic diagram of a device for acquiring target particles in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0081] Fig.15 This is a second structural schematic diagram of a target particle acquisition device in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for acquiring target particles, including:

[0085] S101. Manipulate the migration of charged particles in the field of electric field and fluid;

[0086] S102, screening the charged particles at the target position as target particles;

[0087] The strength of the electric field is determined by the target location, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

[0088] In the present embodiment, electrical mobility represents the path that a force acts on a charged particle in an electric field within a certain period of time, so that the particle travels. The path that a particle moves in a fluid can be determined according to the intensity of the electric field, the flow velocity of the fluid, and the electrical mobility of the particle itself. In other words, under the same intensity of the electric field and the flow velocity of the fluid, the migration paths of charged particles with different electrical mobilities in the fluid are different. In other words, the target particles with the required electrical mobility can be screened out according to the intensity of the electric field, the flow velocity of the fluid, and the path that the particle is to migrate in the fluid.

[0089] Through the acquisition method in this embodiment, the charged particles migrate in the field of action of the electric field and the fluid, and the strength of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid, so that the target particles with the desired electrical mobility can be screened. And the screening environment requirements are low, only normal temperature and pressure are required. When the charged particles include clusters composed of different isomers, the target clusters can be screened from the clusters of different isomers (the electrical mobility of the clusters composed of different isomers is different).

[0090] In one embodiment, before the step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid, the method includes:

[0091] Manipulate the migration of charged particles in a fluid and in an electric field of varying electric field strength;

[0092] Acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between an electrical mobility of a charged particle moving to the target position and a collection signal of the charged particle at the target position;

[0093] Determine the electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electrical mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electrical mobility as the target particles;

[0094] Determining the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the target electrical mobility of the target particles;

[0095] The step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field and the fluid action field specifically includes: manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field of target electric field strength and the fluid action field.

[0096] For example, in this embodiment, when the collection signal peak of the first collection signal curve includes the first collection signal peak A and the second collection signal peak B. The electrical mobility of the charged particles at the first collection signal peak is Z a , the electrical mobility of the charged particles at the second collected signal peak is Z b At this time, the electrical mobility is Z a The electric field strength for the charged particles to migrate to the target location is E a , the electrical mobility is Z b The electric field strength for the charged particles to migrate to the target location is E b Then it can be determined that the charged particle corresponding to the peak value A of the first collected signal is the first target charged particle a. Set the electric field strength to E a , the electrical mobility Z can be obtained at the target position aThe first target charged particle a. The charged particle corresponding to the second collected signal peak B can be determined to be the first target charged particle b. The electric field strength is set to E b , the electrical mobility Z can be obtained at the target position b The first target charged particle b.

[0097] In this embodiment, the horizontal axis of the collection signal curve is the electrical mobility, and the vertical axis is the collection signal. According to the collection signal in the collection signal curve, the target electric field strength can be used to correspond to the target particles of electrical migration.

[0098] See also Figure 2 In one embodiment, the strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L is confirmed;

[0099] Where E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance H that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p represents the electrical mobility of the target particles, and L represents the second distance L that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the fluid flow direction.

[0100] The above formula characterizes the corresponding relationship between the intensity of the electric field, the target position, the flow rate of the fluid, and the electrical mobility. When the target position and the electrical mobility are determined, the target particles can be obtained at the target position by selecting the appropriate intensity of the electric field and the flow rate of the fluid according to the above formula.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, the fluid is a liquid or a gas.

[0102] When the fluid is a liquid, the fluid may include but is not limited to pure water, gasoline, etc.; when the fluid is a gas, the fluid may include but is not limited to at least one of helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, oxygen or air.

[0103] In an optional embodiment, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules and charged clusters.

[0104] In the above embodiments, atoms may include single-substance atoms or compound atoms. Single-substances may include metal atoms and non-metal atoms. Metal atoms may include at least one of metal atoms such as beryllium atoms, magnesium atoms, aluminum atoms, scandium atoms, titanium atoms, vanadium atoms, chromium atoms, manganese atoms, iron atoms, cobalt atoms, nickel atoms, copper atoms, zinc atoms, gallium atoms, germanium atoms, arsenic atoms, zirconium atoms, niobium atoms, molybdenum atoms, ruthenium atoms, rhodium atoms, palladium atoms, silver atoms, cadmium atoms, indium atoms, tin atoms, antimony atoms, barium atoms, tantalum atoms, tungsten atoms, iridium atoms, platinum atoms, and gold atoms. Non-metal atoms may include at least one of atoms such as boron atoms, carbon atoms, silicon atoms, and spherical ene. Ions may be at least one of ions such as iron ions, copper ions, and sulfate ions. Molecules may be any molecule with a size of 0.1-100 nm.

[0105] In this embodiment, the charged cluster may include at least one of atoms, ions and molecules, such as the above-mentioned metal atoms, non-metal atoms, metal ions, non-metal ions, molecules, etc.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles; for example, the electrical mobility of the target particles originally screened is 5 [cm 2 / (V·s)], the flow rate of the fluid is 10L / min, when the flow rate is adjusted to 5L / min, the electrical mobility of the screened target particles is 2.5[cm 2 / (V·s)].

[0107] See also Figure 2 , in an optional embodiment, the target position is adjustable;

[0108] The target position is determined according to a first distance H from the charged particle to the target position in the electric field direction and a second distance L from the charged particle to the target position in the fluid flow direction. The first distance H (i.e., H 2 ) is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the second distance L is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles. In this embodiment, if the electrical mobility of the target particles originally screened is 5 [cm 2 / (V·s)], at this time, the first distance H is 5cm, the second distance L is 5cm, and if the other conditions remain unchanged, the electromigration is 10[cm 2 / (V·s)], the first distance is 5√2cm and the second distance becomes 2.5cm.

[0109] See also Figure 2In an optional embodiment, the electric field direction of the electric field is at an angle with the flow direction of the fluid, and the angle range is 85°-95°. Preferably, the electric field direction is perpendicular to the component of the flow direction of the fluid (i.e. Figure 2 The preset angle is 90°. In this embodiment, the electric field direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the component of the flow direction of the fluid, which can greatly reduce the turbulence caused by the fluid colliding with the side wall and greatly improve the screening accuracy.

[0110] In an optional embodiment, before step S101, the following steps are included:

[0111] Obtain the theoretical electrical mobility of the target particles.

[0112] Acquire a collection signal curve, where the collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the target particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the target particles at the target position;

[0113] Determine a collection signal peak value of a collection signal curve and an actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value;

[0114] When the difference between the actual electrical mobility and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the actual electrical mobility is determined to be the electrical mobility of the target particle.

[0115] In this embodiment, since the particles are all charged, the collected signal of the target particles at the target position can be a current, which is determined by an ammeter. The collected signal can also be the abundance or the amount of particles. In this embodiment, the relative signal intensity of the target particles at the target position can be obtained by normalizing the collected signal of the target particles at the target position, thereby obtaining Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The collected signal curve in .

[0116] In this embodiment, the intensity of the electric field and the flow rate of the fluid can be changed to migrate charged particles with different electric mobilities to the target position. Taking the change of the intensity of the electric field as an example, as the intensity of the electric field changes, charged particles with different electric mobilities will move to the target position, and the collection signals or relative collection signals of the charged particles will also be different.

[0117] When there is a collection signal peak in the collection signal curve, it means that the charged particles corresponding to the collection signal peak migrate to the target position the most.

[0118] See also Figure 3 as well as Figure 4It should be noted that the collected signal curve in this embodiment can be formed by detecting the collected signal at the target position under different electric field strengths and / or fluid flow rates, and determining the collected signal curve through the collected signal. It can also be formed by continuously detecting the collected signal at the target position as the electric field strength and / or fluid flow rate change. Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The collected signal curve in .

[0119] In this embodiment, if the difference between the actual mobility and the theoretical mobility is less than the preset value, it is determined that the difference between the actual mobility and the theoretical value is within expectations, and the actual mobility is determined to be the mobility of the target particles, so that the target particles can be accurately screened.

[0120] See also Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 , in an optional embodiment, collecting signal peaks includes at least one collecting signal peak;

[0121] The step of determining the collection signal peak value of the collection signal curve and the actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value specifically includes:

[0122] The mobility corresponding to each collected signal peak value and having the smallest difference from the theoretical mobility is determined as the actual mobility.

[0123] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 (Will Figure 3 In the figure, the first collected signal peak, the second collected signal peak, the third collected signal peak and the fourth collected signal peak from left to right are A, B, C and D respectively. The positively charged gold atom clusters generated by plasma spark discharge are selected as the test objects. The clusters include Au3 + 、Au4 + 、Au6 + and Au 12 + (Au3 + Indicates that Au3 carries a positive charge, and the same is true for the other clusters). The fluid is 1-30L / min high-purity helium. The fluid carrying the clusters is passed from the particle source into the electric field and the flow field. And obtain Au3 + 、Au4 + 、Au6 + and Au 12 + The corresponding theoretical mobility (Au3 + The theoretical electrical mobility is greater than that of Au4 + The theoretical electrical mobility is greater than that of Au6 + The theoretical electrical mobility is greater than that of Au 12 +, that is, Au3 + The reciprocal of the theoretical mobility is less than that of Au4 + The reciprocal of the theoretical mobility is less than that of Au6 + The reciprocal of the theoretical mobility is less than that of Au 12 + ). Figure 3 The corresponding electrical mobilities of A, B, C, and D are 19.50 cm 2 / (V·s),12.63cm 2 / (V·s),10.67cm 2 / (V·s) and 7.01cm 2 / (V·s). If Au3, Au4, Au6 and Au 12 The electrical mobility is 19.37 cm 2 / (V·s),12.73cm 2 / (V·s),10.77cm 2 / (V·s) and 6.96cm 2 / (V·s). Among them, the difference between 19.37 and 19.50 is the smallest, and the difference between the two is less than 0.2 (assuming the preset value is 0.2), so 19.37 can be used as the Au3 + The electrical mobility of Au3 was selected according to the corresponding electric field strength and fluid flow rate when the electrical mobility was 19.37. + Clusters.

[0124] From the mobilities corresponding to the peak values ​​of each collected signal, determine the mobilities corresponding to the first collected signal peak and Au3 + The difference in theoretical mobility is the smallest. It is determined that the mobility corresponding to the first collected signal peak is Au3 + The actual electrical mobility of Au3 + The actual mobility of Au3 + When the actual electrical mobility of Au3 is less than the preset value, it can be determined that + The actual electrical mobility is the electrical mobility of the target particle. + When the first collected signal peak is detected, the electric field strength and fluid flow rate corresponding to the detection can be determined to screen Au3 + (Au4 + 、Au6 + and Au 12 + and Au3 + (same reason).

[0125] See also Figure 4In another embodiment, positively charged rhodium atom clusters generated by plasma spark discharge are selected as test objects. The charged particles include clusters Rh3 + , Rh4 + , Rh5 + 、Rh7 + and Rh 13 + The fluid is high-purity helium at 1-25 L / min. The fluid carrying clusters is introduced into the electric field and flow field from the particle source. In this embodiment, the cluster Rh3 + , Rh4 + , Rh5 + 、Rh7 + and Rh 13 + One of the screening Au3 + 、Au4 + 、Au6 + and Au 12 + The same applies. So I won't go into details.

[0126] In one embodiment, since the electric field strength E is equal to the voltage difference V between the two poles of the electric field divided by the distance between the two poles of the electric field (ie, the first distance H), E=UH / Z p L can also be transformed into V = UH 2 / Z p L.

[0127] See the table below and Figure 5-12 The table includes different charged clusters with different input speeds, different voltage differences between the two poles of the electric field, different airflow speeds, and different charged clusters and corresponding geometric structure schematic diagrams. Charged clusters of groups 1-8 can use the above-mentioned method for obtaining target particles of clusters to obtain target electrical mobility.

[0128]

[0129] Example 2

[0130] See also Fig.13 This embodiment provides a method for determining the geometric structure of a particle, comprising:

[0131] S201. Determine a theoretical geometric structure and / or theoretical mass of the particle according to the element and atomic number of the particle;

[0132] The target particles can be obtained according to the method for obtaining the target particles in Example 1;

[0133] S202, determining a theoretical electrical mobility of the particles according to a theoretical geometric structure of the particles and a fluid in which the clusters are located;

[0134] S203, when the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, determining the theoretical geometric structure as the actual geometric structure of the particle;

[0135] And / or, S204, determining the theoretical electrical mobility of the target particle according to the theoretical mass of the particle and the fluid in which the particle is located;

[0136] S205 . When the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the theoretical mass is determined to be the actual mass of the particle.

[0137] In this embodiment, for example, the element of the cluster is gold, and the atomic number is 3, so it can be determined to be Au3 + Clusters.

[0138] In this embodiment, the theoretical geometric structure of the particle can be determined based on the first principles by the elemental composition and atomic number of the particle.

[0139] The theoretical electrical mobility of particles can be obtained by simulating collisions between the theoretical geometric structure and the molecules corresponding to the fluid, thereby obtaining the theoretical electrical mobility of particles in the fluid.

[0140] By using the particle geometry determination method in the above embodiment, as long as the theoretical geometry and theoretical electrical mobility of the particle are known, the geometry of the particle can be verified. The method is widely applicable and can distinguish the geometry of particles composed of isomers.

[0141] Example 3

[0142] See also Fig.14 , This embodiment provides a device for acquiring target particles, the acquisition device includes: an electric field generating device 301;

[0143] The electric field generating device 301 includes a first electrode 3011 and a second electrode 3012 for forming an electric field;

[0144] A particle source 303 is provided at the first electrode 3011, a fluid channel 304 is provided on a side close to the particle source 303, and a particle acquisition device 305 is provided at a target position at the second electrode 3012. The particle acquisition device 305 is provided on one side of the fluid channel.

[0145] The fluid channel 304 is used to input fluid;

[0146] The particle source 303 is used to input charged particles;

[0147] The electric field generating device 301 is also used to control the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid based on the action of the electric field;

[0148] The particle acquisition device 305 is used to acquire target charged particles at a target position;

[0149] The strength of the electric field is determined by the target location, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

[0150] See also Fig.15 In an optional embodiment, the acquisition device includes a signal acquisition device 306 and an electric field strength determination device 308;

[0151] The electric field generating device 301 is also used to generate a changing electric field to control the migration of charged particles in the fluid and in the field of action of the electric field with a changing electric field strength;

[0152] The collection signal acquisition device 306 is arranged at the target position to acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents the corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the charged particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the charged particles at the target position;

[0153] The electric field strength determining device 308 is electrically connected to the electric field generating device 301 and the collection signal acquiring device 306, respectively, and is used to determine the electric mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electric mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electric mobility as the target particles, and determine the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the target electric mobility of the target particles;

[0154] The electric field generating device 301 is specifically used to control the migration of charged particles in the electric field of target electric field strength and the action field of the fluid.

[0155] In an optional embodiment, the strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L is confirmed;

[0156] Where E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p Characterizes the electrical mobility of the target particles, and L characterizes the second distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of fluid flow.

[0157] In an optional embodiment, the acquisition device further includes a sealed insulating shell 302, and the electric field generating device is arranged in the shell. In this embodiment, the sealed insulating shell can isolate the device from the influence of the external changing electric field.

[0158] In an optional embodiment, the fluid is a liquid or a gas;

[0159] In an optional embodiment, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules, and charged clusters;

[0160] In an optional embodiment, the target particles are all charged;

[0161] In an optional embodiment, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles;

[0162] In an optional embodiment, the target position is adjustable;

[0163] Among them, the target position is determined based on the first distance H that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field and the second distance L that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the fluid flow. The first distance H is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the second distance L is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles.

[0164] In an optional embodiment, the electric field direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the component of the flow direction of the fluid.

[0165] See also Fig.15 In an optional embodiment, the acquisition device further includes a signal collection acquisition device 306 and an electrical mobility determination device 307;

[0166] The collection signal acquisition device 306 is disposed at the target position, and is used to acquire a collection signal curve, wherein the collection signal curve represents the corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the target particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the target particles at the target position;

[0167] The electric mobility determination device 307 is electrically connected to the collection signal acquisition device 306, and is used to obtain the theoretical electric mobility of the target particles, determine the collection signal peak value of the collection signal curve and the actual electric mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value. When the difference between the actual electric mobility and the theoretical electric mobility is less than a preset value, the actual electric mobility is determined to be the electric mobility of the target particles.

[0168] In an optional embodiment, collecting signal peaks includes at least one collecting signal peak;

[0169] The collected signal acquisition device 306 is specifically used to determine, from the mobilities corresponding to the peak values ​​of the collected signals, the mobility having the smallest difference from the theoretical mobility as the actual mobility.

[0170] The target particle acquisition device in this embodiment has the same logic as the target particle acquisition method in Embodiment 1, and thus will not be described in detail here.

[0171] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this is only for illustration and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for acquiring target particles, characterized in that: The acquisition method comprises: Manipulate the migration of charged particles in the field of electric field and fluid; screening the charged particles at the target position as target particles; The strength of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

2. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid, the method comprises: Manipulate the migration of charged particles in a fluid and in an electric field of varying electric field strength; Acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between an electrical mobility of a charged particle moving to the target position and a collection signal of the charged particle at the target position; Determine the electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electrical mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electrical mobility as the target particles; Determining the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the target electrical mobility of the target particles; The step of manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field and the fluid action field specifically includes: manipulating the migration of charged particles in the electric field of target electric field strength and the fluid action field.

3. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L is confirmed; Wherein, E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p Characterizing the electrical mobility of the target particles, L characterizes the second distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the fluid flow direction.

4. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid is liquid or gas; and / or, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules and charged clusters; and / or, the target particles are all charged; And / or, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles; and / or, the target position is adjustable; Among them, the target position is determined based on a first distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the electric field and a second distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the fluid flow, the first distance is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle, and the second distance is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle.

5. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field direction is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid.

6. The acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of screening the charged particles at the target position as target particles, the method comprises: Obtain the theoretical electrical mobility of target particles; Acquire a second collection signal curve, wherein the second collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between an electrical mobility of a target particle moving to the target position and a collection signal of the target particle at the target position; Determining a collection signal peak value of the second collection signal curve and an actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value; When the difference between the actual electrical mobility and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the actual electrical mobility is determined to be the electrical mobility of the target particle.

7. The acquisition method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The collected signal peaks include at least one collected signal peak; The step of determining the collection signal peak value of the collection signal curve and the actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak value specifically includes: The mobility corresponding to each collected signal peak value and having the smallest difference from the theoretical mobility is determined as the actual mobility.

8. A method for determining particles, characterized in that: The determination method comprises: Determining the theoretical geometric structure and / or theoretical mass of the charged particle according to the elemental composition and atomic number of the target particle; wherein the target particle is obtained according to the target particle acquisition method described in any one of claims 1 to 7; Determining a theoretical electrical mobility of the particle based on a theoretical geometric structure of the particle and a fluid in which the particle resides; When the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, determining the theoretical geometric structure as the actual geometric structure of the particle; and / or, determining a theoretical electrical mobility of the target particle based on the theoretical mass of the target particle and the fluid in which the particle is located; When the difference between the electrical mobility of the target particle and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, the theoretical mass is determined to be the actual mass of the target particle.

9. A device for acquiring target particles, characterized in that: The acquisition device comprises: an electric field generating device; the electric field generating device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode for forming an electric field; A particle source is provided at the first electrode, a fluid channel is provided on a side close to the particle source, and a particle acquisition device is provided at a target position at the second electrode, and the particle acquisition device is provided on one side of the fluid channel; The fluid channel is used to input fluid; The particle source is used to input charged particles; The electric field generating device is also used to control the migration of charged particles in the action field of the electric field and the fluid based on the action of the electric field; The particle acquisition device is used to acquire target charged particles at a target position; The strength of the electric field is determined according to the target position, the electrical mobility of the target particles, and the flow rate of the fluid.

10. The acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It includes a signal collection acquisition device and an electric field strength determination device; The electric field generating device is also used to generate a changing electric field to manipulate the migration of charged particles in the fluid and in the field of action of the electric field with a changing electric field strength; The collection signal acquisition device is arranged at the target position, and is used to acquire a first collection signal curve, wherein the first collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the charged particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the charged particles at the target position; The electric field strength determination device is electrically connected to the electric field generating device and the collection signal acquisition device, respectively, and is used to determine the electric mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak in the first collection signal curve as the target electric mobility, and determine the charged particles corresponding to the target electric mobility as the target particles, and determine the electric field strength for manipulating the target particles to migrate to the target position as the target electric field strength according to the electric mobility of the target particles; The electric field generating device is specifically used to control the migration of charged particles in an electric field of target electric field strength and an action field of a fluid.

11. The acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The strength of the electric field is specifically determined according to the formula E=UH / Z p L is confirmed; Wherein, E represents the intensity of the electric field, U represents the flow rate of the fluid, H represents the first distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the direction of the electric field, and Z p Characterizing the electrical mobility of the target particles, L characterizes the second distance that the charged particles migrate to the target position in the fluid flow direction.

12. The acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The acquisition device also includes a sealed and insulated shell, and the electric field generating device is arranged in the shell; and / or, the fluid is liquid or gas; and / or, the target particles include at least one of charged atoms, ions, charged molecules and charged clusters; and / or, the target particles are all charged; And / or, the velocity of the fluid is adjustable, and the flow rate of the fluid is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particles; and / or, the target position is adjustable; Among them, the target position is determined based on a first distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the electric field and a second distance that the charged particle migrates to the target position in the direction of the fluid flow, the first distance is proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle, and the second distance is inversely proportional to the electrical mobility of the target particle.

13. The acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The electric field direction is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid.

14. The acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The acquisition device also includes a collection signal acquisition device and an electrical mobility determination device; The collection signal acquisition device is disposed at the target position, and is used to acquire a collection signal curve, wherein the collection signal curve represents a corresponding relationship between the electrical mobility of the target particles moving to the target position and the collection signal of the target particles at the target position; The electrical mobility determination device is electrically connected to the collection signal acquisition device, and is used to obtain the theoretical electrical mobility of the target particles, determine the collection signal peak of the collection signal curve and the actual electrical mobility corresponding to the collection signal peak, and when the difference between the actual electrical mobility and the theoretical electrical mobility is less than a preset value, determine that the actual electrical mobility is the electrical mobility of the target particles.

15. The acquisition device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The collected signal peaks include at least one collected signal peak; The collected signal acquisition device is specifically used to determine the actual mobility from the mobilities corresponding to the peak values ​​of the collected signals, the mobility having the smallest difference from the theoretical mobility.

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