Template multiplexing method and system, electronic equipment and storage medium
Through the preset template replacement technology in the template library, the problem of difficulty in logical reuse in life insurance product development is solved, rapid development and efficient online development are achieved, and error risks and development cycles are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411815173.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
During the development of existing life insurance products' interests, the logic of existing products cannot be reused quickly, resulting in too long development cycle, high error rate, cumbersome verification process, and insufficient system stability.
Generate a target template that is suitable for the new product by obtaining the preset template associated with the product to be developed in the template library and replacing its underlying data with the target data.
Significantly reduce duplicate work, reduce the risk of errors caused by manual adjustments, improve development efficiency, ensure system robustness, and accelerate product launch process.
Smart Images

Figure CN119808741A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Background Art
[0002] At present, the development of benefit demonstration of life insurance products mainly involves actuaries providing an Excel calculator based on business logic. Developers parse the algorithm formula of each field in the calculator, and then write programs to convert the algorithm formula representing the business logic into the system. Every time a new product is developed, even if there are similar products in the system, the developed logic cannot be quickly reused on the new product, resulting in a long product development cycle. The existing functions cannot support the model of quickly developing and launching new product benefit demonstrations by copying templates based on existing products in the system. When developing a new product, even if the business logic of the new product and a product already in the system is highly overlapped, it is necessary to repeat the work of the previous product: analyzing logic, defining parameters, defining calculation items, defining algorithms, specifying calculation result types, and setting viewing order and calculation order. At the same time, the existing method is also accompanied by a series of problems, such as: high error rate caused by manual operation, cumbersome and labor-intensive verification process, long online time for demand, and insufficient system stability.
[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a technical solution to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a template reuse method, system, electronic device and storage medium.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a template reusable method, the technical solution of the method is as follows:
[0006] In the template library, obtain a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed;
[0007] The basic data of the preset template is replaced with the target data corresponding to the product requirements to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
[0008] The beneficial effects of a template reusable method of the present invention are as follows:
[0009] The method of the present invention can significantly reduce duplication of work, avoid redefinition of the same logic and rewriting of algorithms, and through template reuse, can reduce the risk of errors caused by manual adjustments, thereby reducing the defect rate, which not only ensures the robustness of the system, but also improves development efficiency and accelerates the product launch process.
[0010] Based on the above solution, the template reuse method of the present invention can also be improved as follows.
[0011] In an optional manner, the basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
[0012] In the above optional method, by clarifying the composition of the basic data, the structure of the template is made clearer, thereby facilitating the operation and maintenance of the template and improving efficiency and accuracy.
[0013] In an optional manner, the target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
[0014] In the above optional method, by clarifying the composition of the target data, the data replacement process is made more specific and targeted, thereby ensuring that all relevant data are correctly replaced, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of template adaptation.
[0015] In an optional manner, the step of replacing the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product demand includes:
[0016] Replacing the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirement;
[0017] Replacing the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirement;
[0018] The original calculation item algorithm data is replaced with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirement.
[0019] In the above optional method, detailed data replacement steps are used to help reduce operational errors, ensure that each data item is correctly replaced, and improve the accuracy and consistency of the overall development process.
[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a template reusable system, the technical solution of which is as follows:
[0021] The template reusable system includes: an acquisition module and a replacement module;
[0022] The acquisition module is used to: acquire, in the template library, a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed;
[0023] The replacement module is used to replace the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements, so as to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
[0024] The beneficial effects of a template reusable system of the present invention are as follows:
[0025] The system of the present invention can significantly reduce duplication of work, avoid redefinition of the same logic and rewriting of algorithms, and through template reuse, can reduce the risk of errors caused by manual adjustments, thereby reducing the defect rate. It not only ensures the robustness of the system, but also improves development efficiency and accelerates the product launch process.
[0026] Based on the above solution, the template reusable system of the present invention can also be improved as follows.
[0027] In an optional manner, the basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
[0028] In the above optional method, by clarifying the composition of the basic data, the structure of the template is made clearer, thereby facilitating the operation and maintenance of the template and improving efficiency and accuracy.
[0029] In an optional manner, the target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
[0030] In the above optional method, by clarifying the composition of the target data, the data replacement process is made more specific and targeted, thereby ensuring that all relevant data are correctly replaced, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of template adaptation.
[0031] In an optional manner, the replacement module is specifically used to:
[0032] Replacing the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirement;
[0033] Replacing the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirement;
[0034] The original calculation item algorithm data is replaced with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirement.
[0035] In the above optional method, detailed data replacement steps are used to help reduce operational errors, ensure that each data item is correctly replaced, and improve the accuracy and consistency of the overall development process.
[0036] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a technical solution of an electronic device as follows:
[0037] The invention comprises a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the template reusable method of the present invention are implemented.
[0038] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having the following technical solution:
[0039] Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer-readable storage medium reads the instructions, the computer-readable storage medium executes the steps of the template reusable method of the present invention.
[0040] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. In addition, the same reference symbols are used to represent the same components throughout the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:
[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of an embodiment of a template reusable method of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of multiple service parameters of a product;
[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the template reuse process;
[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram for replacing a copied product;
[0046] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a template reusable system of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0049] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a template reusable method provided by the present invention, and the method is executed by a controller. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:
[0050] S1. In the template library, obtain the preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed. In S1:
[0051] 1) The template library is a collection or database that stores multiple preset templates. The template library provides developers with reusable preset template resources. By searching for templates that match the current product requirements in the template library, duplication of work can be greatly reduced and development efficiency can be improved.
[0052] 2) Product requirements refer to the specific functions, features or requirements of the product to be developed. Product requirements guide the entire development process, especially when reusing templates, deciding which preset template to select from the template library and how to replace the data in it to generate an adapted target template.
[0053] 3) Preset templates are pre-designed templates stored in the template library, which contain a set of basic data. Preset templates provide a starting point for the development of new products. By reusing preset templates, you can avoid repeatedly defining the same logic and rewriting algorithms, thereby reducing errors and improving efficiency.
[0054] Specifically, the controller obtains a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed in the template library.
[0055] S2. Replace the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed. In S2:
[0056] 1) Basic data refers to the original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data, and original calculation item algorithm data contained in the preset template. Basic data is the core part of the preset template and defines the initial state and configuration of the preset template. During the template reuse process, the basic data will be replaced with the target data to generate a target template that adapts to the needs of new products.
[0057] 2) Target data refers to data corresponding to specific product requirements, including target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data, and target calculation item algorithm data. Target data is used to replace the basic data in the preset template to adapt to new product requirements. By replacing the basic data with the target data, it can ensure that the template meets the specific requirements of the new product.
[0058] 3) The target template is an adaptation template generated by replacing the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements. The target template is the template that is ultimately used for new product development and has been adapted according to specific product requirements. The generation of the target template marks the completion of the template reuse process, ensuring that new products can be launched quickly with high accuracy and consistency.
[0059] 4) The different service parameter data, calculation item configuration data and calculation item algorithm data involved in the basic data and target data all correspond one-to-one to the corresponding database tables. The specific correspondence is: the service parameter data is the corresponding data in the parameter table; the calculation item configuration data is the corresponding data in the calculation item configuration table; the calculation item algorithm data is the corresponding data in the algorithm table.
[0060] Specifically, the controller further replaces the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
[0061] The technical solution of this embodiment can significantly reduce duplication of work and avoid redefining the same logic and rewriting the algorithm. Through template reuse, it can reduce the risk of errors caused by manual adjustments, thereby reducing the defect rate. It not only ensures the robustness of the system, but also improves development efficiency and accelerates the product launch process.
[0062] In an optional manner, the basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
[0063] The target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
[0064] In the basic data or target data of this embodiment, the service parameter data includes:
[0065] Parameter name: the identification name of the service parameter;
[0066] Parameter code: unique code of service parameters;
[0067] Initial value: The initial setting value of the service parameter.
[0068] The above service parameter data is stored in a parameter table, corresponding to the service parameter part in the preset template or the target template.
[0069] The target calculation item configuration data includes:
[0070] Calculation item name: the identification name of the calculation item;
[0071] Calculation item code: unique code of the calculation item;
[0072] Calculation item algorithm: the algorithm used by the calculation item (associated with the algorithm data in the algorithm table);
[0073] Calculation item algorithm ID: is a unique identifier used to identify any algorithm record in the algorithm table.
[0074] Calculation item calculation result type: the data type or format of the calculation item calculation result;
[0075] View order: the order in which the calculated items are displayed in the interface or report;
[0076] Calculation order: the order in which the calculation items are executed during the calculation process;
[0077] Special calculation items: including initialization calculation items and important prompt calculation items;
[0078] Initialization calculation items include: the insured amount or premium of the main insurance, the insured amount or premium of the supplementary insurance (the insured amount or premium is calculated according to the product type), the initial value and end value of the loop variable, the maximum policy year and other variables required in the benefit demonstration algorithm;
[0079] Important Notes Calculation items include: Calculation instructions that define benefit demonstration (explanatory information used to explain and illustrate the calculation logic, demonstration results, compliance and assumptions of each calculation item in the insurance product. The calculation instructions not only help understand the calculation method and results of the product benefits, but also provide clear annotations for the calculation logic to ensure the accuracy and transparency of the calculation).
[0080] The above target calculation item configuration data is stored in the calculation item configuration table, which defines the specific configuration and calculation method of each calculation item.
[0081] The calculation item algorithm data includes:
[0082] Calculation item algorithm: Specific calculation logic or formula used to execute the algorithm of the calculation item.
[0083] The algorithm data of the above calculation items are stored in the algorithm table, which defines the specific algorithm used by the calculation items during the calculation process.
[0084] In an optional manner, the step of replacing the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements includes:
[0085] Replace the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirements;
[0086] The product code (product_code) and product version (product_version) of the new product, the product code and product version of the preset template product are received. According to the product code and product version of the new product, and the product code and product version of the preset template product, the product ID (plan_id) of the new product and the product ID of the preset template product are queried in the product main table (t_product_main).
[0087] According to the product ID of the preset template product, query the original service parameter data of the preset template product from the parameter table (t_product_interest_param). Figure 2 As shown, the data in the original service parameter data corresponds one-to-one to the data in the parameter table, and each product has multiple original service parameter data.
[0088] First, make a copy of the original service parameter data. Next, find the template product code contained in the parameter code (paramCode) and parameter name (paramName) in the copied original service parameter data, and replace the template product code with the product code of the new product. Then, set all the product IDs of the copied original service parameter data to the product IDs of the new products. After the processing is completed, the service parameter data of the new product is obtained, and the service parameter data of the new product is the target service parameter data that meets the product requirements. Finally, insert the target service parameter data into the parameter table to complete the replacement of the original service parameter data.
[0089] It should be noted that if the benefit demonstration involves supplementary insurance, the supplementary insurance code in the parameter code and parameter name will also be replaced with the supplementary insurance code of the new supplementary insurance.
[0090] Replace the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirements;
[0091] Among them, according to the product ID of the preset template product, the original calculation item configuration data of the preset template product is queried from the calculation item configuration table (t_product_interest_config). The data in the original calculation item configuration data corresponds to the data in the calculation item configuration table one by one, and each product has multiple original calculation item configuration data. The calculation item configuration table is generated according to the content of the Excel calculator, and one calculation item corresponds to one column in the Excel calculator.
[0092] First, copy the original calculation item configuration data. Then, replace the product code in the copied original calculation item configuration data with the product code of the new product, and set the product ID of the copied original calculation item configuration data as the product ID of the new product. After the processing is completed, the calculation item configuration data of the new product is obtained, and the calculation item configuration data of the new product is the target calculation item configuration data that meets the product requirements. Finally, insert the target calculation item configuration data into the calculation item configuration table to complete the replacement of the copied original calculation item configuration data.
[0093] Replace the original calculation item algorithm data with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirements.
[0094] Among them, first, according to the calculation item algorithm ID of the preset template product in the calculation item configuration table, the original calculation item algorithm data of the preset template product is copied from the algorithm table (t_product_arithmetic). Next, the product code of the calculation item algorithm (algorithmetic script arithmetic_script) in the copied original calculation item algorithm data is replaced with the product code of the new product. Then, the ID of a new algorithm table is generated by database self-increment, that is, the calculation item algorithm ID of the new product, and the product ID of the copied original calculation item algorithm data is set to the product ID of the new product. After the processing is completed, the calculation item algorithm data of the new product is obtained, and the calculation item algorithm data of the new product is the target calculation item algorithm data that meets the product requirements. Finally, the target calculation item algorithm data is inserted into the algorithm table to complete the replacement of the copied original calculation item algorithm data.
[0095] After the replacement of the copied original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data, and original calculation item algorithm data is completed, the calculation item algorithm ID of the original calculation item configuration data of the new product is replaced with the calculation item algorithm ID of the new product.
[0096] Specifically, the controller further replaces the copied original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirements, replaces the copied original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirements, and replaces the copied original calculation item algorithm data with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirements.
[0097] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the template reuse process is shown. First, the parameter data of the preset template, that is, the basic data, is obtained by receiving a request. Then, the data in the parameter table, calculation item configuration table, and algorithm table are copied, and different business logics (specific operations and rules performed in the process of copying and replacing the preset template product data to generate new product data) are used for processing according to product requirements, and the database is updated to realize the reuse process of the whole process.
[0098] Through the above reuse process, the service parameter data, calculation item configuration data and calculation item algorithm data of the preset template product are copied and replaced, thereby generating target data that meets the product requirements for the new product. The reuse method based on preset templates can not only improve the efficiency of data processing, but also ensure the accuracy and consistency of new product data. Figure 4As shown in the figure, when there is a demand for a new product, only a small amount of modification is required according to the corresponding template to quickly generate the required data. For example, after the import and replacement of the main insurance is completed, if the supplementary insurance needs to be updated, only the parameter name and parameter code of the supplementary insurance need to be replaced in the parameter table, calculation item configuration table and algorithm table of the new product. At the same time, after copying and replacing, the original preset template remains unchanged in the template library, and the template finally used is the generated target template. Therefore, when there is a demand for a new product, the reuse process can greatly improve the speed of product development and launch, providing strong support for the rapid iteration and diversification of products.
[0099] Figure 5 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of an embodiment of a template reusable system 200 provided by the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the system 200 includes: an acquisition module 210 and a replacement module 220.
[0100] The acquisition module 210 is used to: acquire, in the template library, a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed;
[0101] The replacement module 220 is used to replace the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements, so as to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
[0102] In an optional manner, the basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
[0103] In an optional manner, the target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
[0104] In an optional manner, the replacement module 220 is specifically used for:
[0105] Replace the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirements;
[0106] Replace the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirements;
[0107] Replace the original calculation item algorithm data with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirements.
[0108] The technical solution of this embodiment can significantly reduce duplication of work and avoid redefining the same logic and rewriting the algorithm. Through template reuse, it can reduce the risk of errors caused by manual adjustments, thereby reducing the defect rate. It not only ensures the robustness of the system, but also improves development efficiency and accelerates the product launch process.
[0109] The above parameters and steps for each module to implement corresponding functions in the template reusable system 200 of this embodiment can refer to the parameters and steps in the embodiment of the template reusable method above, and will not be repeated here.
[0110] like Figure 6 As shown, an electronic device 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor 320, the processor 320 is coupled to a memory 310, and the memory 310 stores at least one computer program 330, and the at least one computer program 330 is loaded and executed by the processor 320, so that the electronic device 300 implements any of the above template reusable methods, specifically:
[0111] The electronic device 300 may have relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors 320 (Central Processing Units, CPU) and one or more memories 310, wherein the one or more memories 310 store at least one computer program 330, and the at least one computer program 330 is loaded and executed by the one or more processors 320, so that the electronic device 300 implements any template reusable method provided in the above embodiments. Of course, the electronic device 300 may also have components such as a wired or wireless network interface, a keyboard, and an input and output interface for input and output, and the electronic device 300 may also include other components for implementing device functions, which will not be described in detail here.
[0112] A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention stores at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded and executed by a processor so that a computer implements any of the above-mentioned template reusability methods.
[0113] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a compact disc (CD-ROM), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.
[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product or a computer program is also provided, the computer program product or the computer program comprising computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the electronic device performs any of the above template reusability methods.
[0115] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and represent the definition of a specific order or sequence. The order of use of similar objects can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than the order shown or described.
[0116] Those skilled in the art know that the present invention can be implemented as a system, method or computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: it can be complete hardware, it can be complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or it can be a combination of hardware and software, which is generally referred to as "circuit", "module" or "system" herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the present invention can also be implemented in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, and the computer-readable medium contains computer-readable program code.
[0117] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be used. A computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present application, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or device.
[0118] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A template reusable method, characterized in that: include: In the template library, obtain a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed; The basic data of the preset template is replaced with the target data corresponding to the product requirements to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
2. The template reusable method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
3. The template reusable method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
4. The template reusable method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of replacing the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements includes: Replacing the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirement; Replacing the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirement; The original calculation item algorithm data is replaced with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirement.
5. A template reusable system, characterized in that: include: Get modules and replace modules; The acquisition module is used to: acquire, in the template library, a preset template associated with the product requirements of the product to be developed; The replacement module is used to replace the basic data of the preset template with the target data corresponding to the product requirements, so as to generate a target template adapted to the product to be developed.
6. The template reusable system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The basic data includes: original service parameter data, original calculation item configuration data and original calculation item algorithm data.
7. The template reusable system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The target data includes: target service parameter data, target calculation item configuration data and target calculation item algorithm data.
8. The template reusable system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The replacement module is specifically used for: Replacing the original service parameter data with the target service parameter data corresponding to the product requirement; Replacing the original calculation item configuration data with the target calculation item configuration data corresponding to the product requirement; The original calculation item algorithm data is replaced with the target calculation item algorithm data corresponding to the product requirement.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, the memory stores at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded and executed by the processor so that the electronic device implements the template reusability method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded and executed by a processor so that the computer-readable storage medium implements the template reusability method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.