Intelligent seat changing system applied to classroom

Through the intelligent seat change system, users can arrange class seats independently, realize the separation of men and women and randomly allocate seats, solving the problem of inflexible seat arrangement in the existing technology, and providing flexible and intuitive seat management functions.

CN119809154APending Publication Date: 2025-04-11谢庆楷 +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202310349127.3
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-04-04
Publication Date
2025-04-11

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The prior art is difficult to arrange class seats independently according to different classroom situations, and it is impossible to achieve the flexibility of men and women in separating and randomly allocating seats.

Method used

Through an intelligent seat change system that creates HTML web pages based on the HBuilderX editor, users can log in to the system and fill in preset seat arrangement rules. The system will arrange seats independently, generate class seat maps, and provide functions of deleting, restoring and randomly allocating seats.

Benefits of technology

It realizes the independent arrangement of class seats according to different classroom conditions, supports men and women to sit separately and randomly allocate seats. Users can intuitively click on seats to exchange to meet different needs.

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Abstract

The invention relates to an intelligent seat changing system applied to a classroom. The intelligent seat changing system is characterized in that an intelligent seat changing webpage of an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) webpage is created based on a HBuilderX editor; a user logs in the intelligent seat changing webpage, enters an information filling interface and fills in a preset seat arrangement rule; based on the seat arrangement rule, independently arranging seats, and generating a corresponding class seat map; and storing and outputting the class seat map. Class seats can be autonomously arranged according to different classroom conditions instead of fixed lattices, and if many seats exist, the seats can be manually deleted; obvious intervals with different sizes are formed between the same table and the same table and between the groups; random seat distribution and separate seating of men and women can be realized; and if the randomly distributed seats are not suitable for actual requirements of the user, the system does not need to enable the user to input names to change the seats of the students, and can visually click the seats to exchange the seats of the students, so that intelligent seat exchange is realized.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of intelligent education technology, and in particular to an intelligent seat changing system applied to a classroom. Background Art

[0002] The classroom is a place for students to study and an important public teaching resource. Whether it is when new students enter the classroom, at the beginning of a new semester, or when taking classes in a public classroom, the classroom will generally arrange or change the students' seats.

[0003] Currently, there are Excel spreadsheets and a small amount of related software that can be used to arrange or change class seats. Excel spreadsheets require certain codes to be written, and the process is complicated and cumbersome, which is not suitable for most teachers to use; the software is not suitable for downloading on school computers.

[0004] Excel spreadsheets or related software cannot assign different seats to different classrooms, and can only realize random changes of seats in a class. Students' deskmates are random, and may be boys or girls. In most classes, boys sit with boys and girls sit with girls. This does not conform to the actual situation of seat changes in most classes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes an intelligent seat changing system for classrooms.

[0006] On the one hand, the present application proposes an intelligent seat changing method for a classroom, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Create an intelligent seat-changing web page for HTML web pages based on the HBuilderX editor;

[0008] The user logs in to the smart seat change webpage, enters the information filling interface, and fills in the preset seat arrangement rules;

[0009] Based on the seat arrangement rules, arrange seats autonomously and generate a corresponding class seat map;

[0010] The class seating chart is stored and outputted.

[0011] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, when filling in the preset seating arrangement rules, the seating arrangement rules input by the user are obtained through JavaScript and input into the filling information interface corresponding to the rule filling in the HTML web page.

[0012] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, based on the seat arrangement rule, autonomously arrange seats to generate a corresponding class seat map, including:

[0013] In the preset HTML webpage, use the for loop to create a new seat;

[0014] Set the number of rows and the corresponding positions in the HTML page for the seats through the percentage layout algorithm;

[0015] Adjust the seat size according to the size of the HTML webpage frame, and set the distance between classmates and between groups according to the number of class groups;

[0016] After the class assignment is completed, the corresponding class seating chart is generated.

[0017] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0018] Monitor the user's click event on the class seating chart;

[0019] Use addEventListener to listen to the user's click event to determine whether an event that meets the preset deletion conditions occurs:

[0020] If so, the seat style that meets the preset deletion conditions will be deleted through style.border and style.backgroundColor, while retaining the dotted frame of the seat.

[0021] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0022] When the event does not meet the preset deletion conditions, the seat styles that do not meet the preset deletion conditions are restored.

[0023] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0024] Use the getRandom() function to randomly obtain the student ID of the girls;

[0025] Use indexOf() to determine whether the girl's student number has appeared in the array. If it is not repeated, put it into the preset array to achieve random arrangement of the girl's student numbers and obtain a random array of the girl's student numbers.

[0026] Based on the above method, create a random array of corresponding male student numbers;

[0027] The created variable num_1 is used to mark the seats in the male and female arrays that meet the preset odd-even judgment status, so as to achieve separate seating for men and women.

[0028] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0029] Create two arrays box_color and box_content to obtain the name and attributes of the student in the first seat clicked by the user respectively;

[0030] Use setAttribute("class", "li_color") to add the attribute value of the first seat's attribute class and change the characteristic mark of the clicked seat;

[0031] Based on the arrays box_color and box_content, swap the attributes and feature flags of the second seat clicked by the user.

[0032] On the other hand, the present application proposes a seat changing system for implementing the intelligent seat changing method applied to a classroom, comprising:

[0033] Intelligent seat change web page creation module, used to create intelligent seat change web pages of HTML web pages based on HBuilderX editor;

[0034] An information filling module is used for a user to log in to the smart seat change webpage, enter the information filling interface, and fill in the preset seat arrangement rules;

[0035] A seat arrangement module, used to arrange seats autonomously based on the seat arrangement rules and generate a corresponding class seat map;

[0036] A database module is used to store and output the class seating chart.

[0037] In another aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0038] processor;

[0039] a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

[0040] Wherein, the processor is configured to implement the intelligent seat changing method applied to the classroom when executing the executable instructions.

[0041] Technical effects of the present invention:

[0042] This application creates an intelligent seat-changing webpage of HTML webpage based on HBuilderX editor; users log in to the intelligent seat-changing webpage, enter the information filling interface, and fill in the preset seat arrangement rules; based on the seat arrangement rules, seats are arranged autonomously to generate the corresponding class seat map; the class seat map is stored and output. It can realize the autonomous arrangement of class seats according to different classroom conditions, no longer rigid grids, if there are extra seats, they can be manually deleted; there are obvious intervals of different sizes between classmates and between groups; it can also realize random allocation of seats and separate seating for men and women (boys sit with boys, girls sit with girls); if the randomly allocated seats are not suitable for the user's actual needs, the system does not require users to enter names to change students' seats, and can intuitively click on seats to exchange students' seats.

[0043] Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0045] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the user use process of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an application interface for filling in information of the present invention is shown;

[0047] Figure 3 Showing the class seating chart generated for the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of manually deleting a seat according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the present invention where men and women sit separately;

[0050] Figure 6 The diagram shows a comparison of the before and after of changing the seats of students according to the present invention (the left side is the diagram before the change, and the right side is the diagram after the change);

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing the application of the electronic device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0053] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0054] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present disclosure, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, means, components and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main purpose of the present disclosure.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] On the one hand, the present application proposes an intelligent seat changing method for a classroom, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Create an intelligent seat-changing web page for HTML web pages based on the HBuilderX editor;

[0058] The user logs in to the smart seat change webpage, enters the information filling interface, and fills in the preset seat arrangement rules;

[0059] Based on the seat arrangement rules, arrange seats autonomously and generate a corresponding class seat map;

[0060] The class seating chart is stored and outputted.

[0061] like Figure 1 The figure shows the flow chart of the seat changing system. The intelligent seat changing system is written by HBuilderX editor and presented to users in the form of a web page. It can realize functions such as intelligent seat arrangement and male and female seat separation.

[0062] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, when filling in the preset seating arrangement rules, the seating arrangement rules input by the user are obtained through JavaScript and input into the filling information interface corresponding to the rule filling in the HTML web page.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the user is asked to fill in the information, and JavaScript is used to obtain the user-entered arrangement rules (two people per table or three people per table), the number of class groups, and the maximum number of rows of seats, and create the location of the classroom seats.

[0064] In this embodiment, JavaScript may be referred to as “JS” for short. This embodiment does not describe the development instructions for HTML web pages.

[0065] The following functions can be realized through the above-mentioned intelligent seat changing system:

[0066] 1. Self-arrangement of seats

[0067] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, based on the seat arrangement rule, autonomously arrange seats to generate a corresponding class seat map, including:

[0068] In the preset HTML webpage, use the for loop to create a new seat;

[0069] Set the number of rows and the corresponding positions in the HTML page for the seats through the percentage layout algorithm;

[0070] Adjust the seat size according to the size of the HTML webpage frame, and set the distance between classmates and between groups according to the number of class groups;

[0071] After the class assignment is completed, the corresponding class seating chart is generated.

[0072] Specifically: Create a box in HTML to hold seats. When click is triggered, first monitor whether there are seats in the box. If there are seats, use a for loop to delete all seats to create new seats. By obtaining the number of rows of seats, create divs with the same number of rows and rows. At the same time, use JS to dynamically set the height of each div through the percentage layout algorithm; by obtaining the height of the div and the number of rows of seats, use margin-top to dynamically set the position of the entire seat layout on the page with a percentage layout; multiply the seat layout rules and the number of class groups to get the number of boxes that should be placed in each div. The li in the div is arranged using float:left in CSS. At the same time, the width of the li is set through the percentage layout algorithm to ensure that the size of each seat matches the size of the page frame; set the intervals between classmates and between groups according to the number of class groups. The intervals are dynamically set through margin-right. The intervals between classmates and between groups are associated through an algorithm, and the approximate seats are allocated to generate the corresponding class seating chart. Specifically, Figure 3 The generated class seating map shown.

[0073] 2. Deleting and restoring seats

[0074] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0075] Monitor the user's click event on the class seating chart;

[0076] Use addEventListener to listen to the user's click event to determine whether an event that meets the preset deletion conditions occurs:

[0077] If so, the seat style that meets the preset deletion conditions will be deleted through style.border and style.backgroundColor, while retaining the dotted frame of the seat.

[0078] like Figure 4 Manually delete the seat map as shown.

[0079] After the user has roughly assigned seats, if there are unsuitable seats, the user can manually delete them.

[0080] The user's click event is monitored through addEventListener. If the box clicked by the user does not contain the student's ID or name, the seat style is changed by style.border and style.backgroundColor to achieve a pseudo-deletion of the seat, and a dotted line is left to frame it, giving the user a good visual effect. If the user deletes the wrong seat, he can click the deleted seat, and the original seat can be restored in the same way.

[0081] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0082] When the event does not meet the preset deletion conditions, the seat styles that do not meet the preset deletion conditions are restored.

[0083] 3. Separate seats for men and women

[0084] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0085] Use the getRandom() function to randomly obtain the student ID of the girls;

[0086] Use indexOf() to determine whether the girl's student number has appeared in the array. If it is not repeated, put it into the preset array to achieve random arrangement of the girl's student numbers and obtain a random array of the girl's student numbers.

[0087] Based on the above method, create a random array of corresponding male student numbers;

[0088] The created variable num_1 is used to mark the seats in the male and female arrays that meet the preset odd-even judgment status, so as to achieve separate seating for men and women.

[0089] like Figure 5 The diagram shows men and women sitting separately.

[0090] After the user enters the student's name, if the student's information is complete (the girl's student number is known) and the seating arrangement is suitable for two people per table, the "separate seating for boys and girls" function can be implemented.

[0091] The getRandom() function is used to randomly obtain the student ID of the girls. Before putting it into the array, indexOf() is used to determine whether it has appeared in the array. If it is not repeated, it is put into the array to achieve random arrangement of the student ID of the girls. The corresponding girl's name in the information table is obtained through the random girl's student ID, and an array of random girl's names is constructed; the relevant information of the boys is cut out from the information table, and an array of boys' names with random order is created in the same way.

[0092] By creating a variable num_1, a random number within the seat range is obtained to determine whether it is repeated and whether the box corresponding to it is in a pseudo-deletion state. If not, it is put into the arry_1 array; by determining whether the box corresponding to num_1 is an odd number or an even number by (num_1+1)%2==0(!=0), if it is odd, the box of num_1+1 is determined to be in a pseudo-deletion state. If yes, num_1 is removed from the array, otherwise, num_1+1 is added; similarly, if it is even, a corresponding determination is made and then elements in the arry_1 array are added or deleted; if it is detected that the length of the array is equal to the number of girls, the loop is exited, and the elements in the arry_1 array after the loop is exited are the seat numbers corresponding to the girls.

[0093] Before changing the color of the seat, clear the original color and text of the box, then traverse the arry_1 array through a for loop to change the color of the corresponding seat to pink, thereby determining the girl's seat so that girls can sit at the same table with other girls; finally, use a for loop, if the color of the box is pink, then put the girl's name from the array of random girl's names created previously; if the box is not in a pseudo-deleted state and its color is not pink, then put the boy's random name in.

[0094] When using the for loop, since i will jump due to the pseudo-deletion box, it will drive the number elements to be filtered in the random name array, so a variable should be created to correspond to the number elements to be filtered in the array, and the variables defined outside the for loop are used to implement the entry of student names. The whole process uses the setInterval() timer to loop once every 100 milliseconds. After the first entry of student names, all variables and arrays in the timer are cleared, and a variable is incremented by 1 to achieve the automatic stop of the timer after the loop is performed for a fixed number of times.

[0095] 6. Exchange student's name

[0096] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, after generating the corresponding class seat map, it also includes:

[0097] Create two arrays box_color and box_content to obtain the name and attributes of the student in the first seat clicked by the user respectively;

[0098] Use setAttribute("class", "li_color") to add the attribute value of the first seat's attribute class and change the characteristic mark of the clicked seat;

[0099] Based on the arrays box_color and box_content, swap the attributes and feature flags of the second seat clicked by the user.

[0100] like Figure 6 Schematic diagram of swapping students' positions front to back. Figure 6 In the figure, the left side is a schematic diagram of the arrangement before the students' positions are changed, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the arrangement after the students' positions are changed.

[0101] After the user assigns seats to students, if some students' seats are not in suitable positions, the user can click on the students' seats to swap their names.

[0102] Create two arrays box_color and box_content to get the color of the clicked box and the name of the student inside it respectively. Use setAttribute("class", "li_color") to add the attribute value to the seat attribute class and change the color of the box to yellow. When the program detects that the user clicks the second box, it gets its color and content again. Use the for loop, arrays box_color and box_content, and if statements to exchange the box color and the student name. Finally, use setAttribute("class","") to change the attributes of the two boxes to empty, and use splice() to delete all elements in the array so that the student names can be exchanged next time.

[0103] Therefore, this application presents the intelligent seat changing system to users in the form of a web page, realizes the situation of class seat changing, realizes intelligent seat arrangement and gender separation, etc. It can realize independent arrangement of class seats according to different classroom situations, no longer rigid grids, if there are extra seats, they can be manually deleted; there are obvious intervals of different sizes between classmates and between groups; it can also realize random allocation of seats and gender separation (boys sit with boys, girls sit with girls); if the randomly allocated seats are not suitable for the user's actual needs, the system does not require users to enter names to change students' seats, and can intuitively click on seats to exchange students' seats.

[0104] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the implementation of all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand that the implementation of all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. Among them, the storage medium can be a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a hard disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as: HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium can also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] Based on the implementation principle of Example 1, on the other hand, the present application proposes a seat changing system for implementing the intelligent seat changing method applied to a classroom, comprising:

[0107] Intelligent seat change web page creation module, used to create intelligent seat change web pages of HTML web pages based on HBuilderX editor;

[0108] An information filling module is used for a user to log in to the smart seat change webpage, enter the information filling interface, and fill in the preset seat arrangement rules;

[0109] A seat arrangement module, used to arrange seats autonomously based on the seat arrangement rules and generate a corresponding class seat map;

[0110] A database module is used to store and output the class seating chart.

[0111] For details on the functions and interactive application principles of the above modules, please refer to the description of the above embodiment 1.

[0112] The modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices, and optionally, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] like Figure 7 As shown, further, in another aspect, the present application also proposes an electronic device, including:

[0115] processor;

[0116] a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;

[0117] Wherein, the processor is configured to implement the intelligent seat changing method applied to the classroom when executing the executable instructions.

[0118] The electronic device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to implement any of the above-mentioned intelligent seat changing methods applied to a classroom when executing the executable instructions.

[0119] Here, it should be noted that the number of processors can be one or more. At the same time, the electronic device in the embodiment of the present disclosure may also include an input device and an output device. Among them, the processor, memory, input device and output device may be connected through a bus or in other ways, which are not specifically limited here.

[0120] The memory, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer executable programs and various modules, such as the program or module corresponding to the intelligent seat changing method applied to the classroom in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device by running the software programs or modules stored in the memory.

[0121] The input device can be used to receive input numbers or signals. The signal can be a key signal related to user settings and function control of the device / terminal / server. The output device can include a display device such as a display screen.

[0122] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An intelligent seat changing method for classrooms, characterized in that: The steps include: Create an intelligent seat-changing web page for HTML web pages based on the HBuilderX editor; The user logs in to the smart seat change webpage, enters the information filling interface, and fills in the preset seat arrangement rules; Based on the seat arrangement rules, arrange seats autonomously and generate a corresponding class seat map; The class seating chart is stored and outputted.

2. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When filling in the preset seating arrangement rules, the seating arrangement rules input by the user are obtained through JavaScript and input into the filling information interface corresponding to the rule filling in the HTML web page.

3. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the seat arrangement rules, seats are arranged autonomously to generate a corresponding class seat map, including: In the preset HTML webpage, use the for loop to create a new seat; Set the number of rows and the corresponding positions in the HTML page for the seats through the percentage layout algorithm; Adjust the seat size according to the size of the HTML webpage frame, and set the distance between classmates and between groups according to the number of class groups; After the class assignment is completed, the corresponding class seating chart is generated.

4. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: After generating the corresponding class seating chart, it also includes: Monitor the user's click event on the class seating chart; Use addEventListener to listen to the user's click event to determine whether an event that meets the preset deletion conditions occurs: If so, the seat style that meets the preset deletion conditions will be deleted through style.border and style.backgroundColor, while retaining the dotted frame of the seat.

5. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 4 is characterized in that: After generating the corresponding class seating chart, it also includes: When the event does not meet the preset deletion conditions, the seat styles that do not meet the preset deletion conditions are restored.

6. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: After generating the corresponding class seating chart, it also includes: Use the getRandom() function to randomly obtain the student ID of the girls; Use indexOf() to determine whether the girl's student number has appeared in the array. If it is not repeated, put it into the preset array to achieve random arrangement of the girl's student numbers and obtain a random array of the girl's student numbers. Based on the above method, create a random array of corresponding male student numbers; The created variable num_1 is used to mark the seats in the male and female arrays that meet the preset odd-even judgment status, so as to achieve separate seating for men and women.

7. The intelligent seat changing method for classroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: After generating the corresponding class seating chart, it also includes: Create two arrays box_color and box_content to obtain the name and attributes of the student in the first seat clicked by the user respectively; Use setAttribute("class", "li_color") to add the attribute value of the first seat's attribute class and change the characteristic mark of the clicked seat; Based on the arrays box_color and box_content, swap the attributes and feature flags of the second seat clicked by the user.

8. A seat changing system for implementing the intelligent seat changing method for classrooms as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Intelligent seat change web page creation module, used to create intelligent seat change web pages of HTML web pages based on HBuilderX editor; An information filling module is used for a user to log in to the smart seat change webpage, enter the information filling interface, and fill in the preset seat arrangement rules; A seat arrangement module, used to arrange seats autonomously based on the seat arrangement rules and generate a corresponding class seat map; A database module is used to store and output the class seating chart.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; Wherein, the processor is configured to implement the intelligent seat changing method applied to the classroom as described in any one of claims 1-7 when executing the executable instructions.