Test system and test method for low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a test system and a test method for a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell. The system equipment comprises a hydrogen mixed gas supply module, an air blower air supply module, a cooling path and an electronic load control module, the hydrogen supply module comprises a nitrogen flow meter and can be used for controlling and preparing hydrogen with different concentration proportions; the air supply module and the air blower are connected in parallel, so that the system is simpler in structure, small in parasitic power and wide in stoichiometric ratio. According to the water circulation module, a thermostat is used for replacing a three-way valve on a traditional test board, large and small circulation working conditions and switching can be achieved, and a galvanic pile can maintain small temperature fluctuation. The test system for the low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell can be used for evaluating and testing the sensitivity and the system performance of a low-pressure fuel cell stack; the internal structure and design of the whole test system are more compact, the occupied space and resources are less, and the system equipment cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell testing, and in particular to a testing system and a testing method for a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an energy technology that directly converts the chemical energy in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. It has the advantages of high efficiency, zero carbon emissions and low noise. Suitable operating conditions, such as pressure, humidity, flow, etc., play a vital role in the performance optimization of fuel cells and the design of control strategies for the stack system. In order to explore the optimal working conditions of fuel cells, especially under "crude hydrogen" and low-pressure systems, it is necessary to use a fuel cell test bench to provide it with certain temperature, pressure, humidity, air flow and other monitoring and control.

[0003] At present, the fuel cell test bench or test system is mainly composed of the following subsystems: hydrogen path subsystem, air path subsystem, hydrothermal management subsystem, monitoring and control subsystem; the hydrogen subsystem only has a single control of hydrogen flow, humidity, and back pressure, and does not have a mixing function, which makes it difficult to use it to test the performance of fuel cells under "crude hydrogen"; the air subsystem mainly uses a centrifugal air compressor. Although it has the advantages of good sealing, compact structure, low vibration, and high energy conversion efficiency, its large parasitic power consumption has a significant impact on the overall efficiency and economy of the fuel cell stack system. It consumes more power during the operation test, which not only reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the stack system, but also increases the overall operating cost due to high energy consumption; in addition, the existing test system is aimed at medium and high pressure fuel cell stack systems, and does not have a special test for low-pressure "crude hydrogen". Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems that the fuel cell testing system in the prior art does not have a gas mixing function, it is difficult to test the performance of the fuel cell under "crude hydrogen", and there is a large parasitic power in the air path, which affects the overall efficiency and energy consumption of the fuel cell and leads to increased operating costs; a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system and testing method are provided, which are suitable for a low-pressure environment, can test the performance of the fuel cell under crude hydrogen conditions, and have high overall efficiency and low energy consumption.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell test system, including a hydrogen gas mixing supply module, a blower air supply module, a cooling circuit, an electronic load control module and a fuel cell, the hydrogen gas mixing supply module includes a hydrogen branch, a nitrogen branch and a hydrogen humidification tank; the hydrogen branch and the nitrogen branch are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the hydrogen humidification tank, and the hydrogen humidification tank is further connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell; the blower air supply module includes a first blower, a second blower and an air humidification tank that are separately arranged, the first blower and the second blower are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the The air humidification tank is connected; the air humidification tank is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; the cooling circuit includes a heater, a water pump, a fan and a thermostat; the fan is connected in parallel with the cathode inlet and cathode outlet of the fuel cell, the heater is arranged in series with the water pump, and the heater is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; one side of the fan is connected to the water pump, and the other side of the fan is connected to the thermostat, and the thermostat is connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell; the electronic load control module is connected in parallel with the anode inlet and anode outlet of the fuel cell; the anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected to a hydrogen back pressure valve, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected to an air back pressure valve.

[0006] Furthermore, the hydrogen branch includes a hydrogen solenoid valve and a hydrogen flowmeter, the nitrogen branch includes a nitrogen solenoid valve and a nitrogen flowmeter, the hydrogen flowmeter and the hydrogen solenoid valve are connected in series, and the nitrogen solenoid valve and the nitrogen flowmeter are connected in series.

[0007] Furthermore, a pressure gauge and a thermometer are provided between the hydrogen humidification tank and the anode inlet of the fuel cell.

[0008] Furthermore, a gas-liquid separator and a hydrogen circulation pump are even connected in parallel above the anode inlet and anode outlet of the fuel cell. The gas-liquid separator and the hydrogen circulation pump are connected in series. The gas-liquid separator is arranged near the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen circulation pump is arranged near the anode inlet of the fuel cell.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a first filter and a second filter, the first filter is connected in series with the first blower, and the second filter is connected in series with the second blower; an air flow meter is arranged between the first blower, the second blower and the air humidification tank.

[0010] Furthermore, a hydrogen solenoid valve is arranged in parallel above the hydrogen humidification tank, and an air solenoid valve is arranged in parallel above the air humidification tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the cooling circuit also includes a deionizer, which is connected in parallel with the fan, one end of the deionizer is connected to the water pump, and the other end of the deionizer is connected to one of the ports of the thermostat.

[0012] A test method for a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell test system using any one of the above, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Drive the water pump to circulate water in the cooling circuit;

[0014] Step 2: Introduce nitrogen and air into the system to purge the system;

[0015] Step 3: Adjust the speed of the water pump to control the water flow, and adjust the temperature of the heater to control the temperature of the circulating water;

[0016] Step 4: Stop passing nitrogen into the fuel cell, pass hydrogen into the hydrogen humidification tank for bubbling humidification, pass air into the air humidification tank for bubbling humidification, and the humidification humidity RH = 60-100%; form an open circuit voltage in the test system;

[0017] Step 5: Control the opening of the hydrogen back pressure valve and the air back pressure valve, adjust the pressure of the anode inlet of the fuel cell to 60Kpa, and the pressure of the cathode inlet to 40Kpa; after the temperature is raised to 50°C, turn on the electronic load control module to activate the fuel cell;

[0018] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell to generate electricity and detect the parameters of the power generation process.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2, nitrogen is introduced into the system at a rate of 10 to 20 L / min to purge the system, and air is introduced into the system at a rate of 30 to 40 L / min to purge the system, and the purge time is 3 to 5 minutes.

[0020] Furthermore, the anode inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen solenoid valve, and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the air solenoid valve; after completing the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve and the air solenoid valve are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; and the connection state of the electronic load control module is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the fuel cell stack drops to 0.2V, the hydrogen flow is closed and the electronic load control module is disconnected.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system applied for by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The air supply of this test system uses a blower to provide a stable airflow to ensure the continuous supply of oxidant. At the same time, the blower has low operating costs, low parasitic power, low noise, and is environmentally friendly. In addition, the blower has a simple structure and is easy to install and maintain, which reduces the operating failure rate of the equipment and extends its service life.

[0023] 2. The blower generates less heat when working and does not require additional water circuits for heat dissipation, which optimizes the circulation of the cooling water circuit and has a simpler structure. It is equipped with two blowers to achieve a wider air flow supply.

[0024] 3. The hydrogen supply module has added a nitrogen flow meter, which can be used to control and mix hydrogen with different concentrations to study the performance of the fuel cell under "crude hydrogen" conditions.

[0025] 4. Using a thermostat instead of the three-way valve on the traditional test bench can realize large and small cycle operation and switching, so that the coolant temperature changes less.

[0026] 5. The test system is designed for testing low-pressure fuel cells. The test line pipeline contains parameters such as temperature, pressure and hydrogen circulation pump monitoring and control. It can evaluate the sensitivity of low-pressure fuel cell stacks and test the hydrogen circulation utilization rate.

[0027] 6. The internal structure and design of the entire low-voltage test system are more compact, occupying less space and resources, making it easier to install and maintain. It is especially suitable for applications with strict requirements on space and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, characteristics and effects of the specific embodiments of the present application and other related contents, and shall not be considered as limitations of the present application.

[0029] In the drawings of the specification:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to the present invention.

[0031] The reference numerals in the above drawings are described as follows:

[0032] 1 is the first filter; 2 is the second filter; 3 is the first blower; 4 is the second blower; 5 is the air flow meter; 6 is the air humidification tank; 7 is the air solenoid valve; 8 is the water pump; 9 is the fan; 10 is the thermostat; 11 is the deionizer; 12 is the air back pressure valve; 13 is the hydrogen back pressure valve; 14 is the gas-liquid separator; 15 is the hydrogen circulation pump; 16 is the hydrogen solenoid valve; 17 is the hydrogen humidification tank; 18 is the nitrogen flow meter; 19 is the hydrogen flow meter; 20 is the hydrogen solenoid valve; 21 is the nitrogen solenoid valve; 22 is the electronic load; 23 is the heater. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell test system, including a hydrogen gas mixing supply module, a blower air supply module, a cooling circuit, an electronic load control module and a fuel cell.

[0035] The hydrogen mixed gas supply module includes a hydrogen branch, a nitrogen branch and a hydrogen humidification tank 17; the hydrogen branch and the nitrogen branch are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the hydrogen humidification tank 17, and the hydrogen humidification tank 17 is in turn connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell;

[0036] The blower air supply module comprises a first blower 3, a second blower 4 and an air humidification tank 6 which are separately arranged, wherein the first blower 3 and the second blower 4 are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the air humidification tank 6; the air humidification tank 6 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell;

[0037] The cooling circuit includes a heater 23, a water pump 8, a fan 9 and a thermostat 10; the fan 9 is connected in parallel with the cathode inlet and cathode outlet of the fuel cell, the heater 23 is arranged in series with the water pump 8, and the heater 23 is further connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; one side of the fan 9 is connected to the water pump 8, and the other side of the fan 9 is connected to the thermostat 10, and the thermostat 10 is further connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell;

[0038] The electronic load control module is connected in parallel with the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell; the anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen back pressure valve 13, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with an air back pressure valve 12.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen branch includes a hydrogen solenoid valve 20 and a hydrogen flowmeter 19, and the hydrogen solenoid valve 20 and the hydrogen flowmeter 19 are connected in series; the nitrogen branch includes a nitrogen solenoid valve 21 and a nitrogen flowmeter 18, and the nitrogen solenoid valve 21 is connected in series with the nitrogen flowmeter 18; the hydrogen flowmeter 19 and the nitrogen flowmeter 18 are connected to the hydrogen humidification tank 17; by opening the hydrogen solenoid valve 20 and the nitrogen solenoid valve 21 respectively, through the hydrogen flowmeter 19 and the nitrogen flowmeter 18, by controlling the corresponding flowmeters, hydrogen with different concentrations, that is, "crude hydrogen" can be obtained; hydrogen with different concentrations then enters The hydrogen humidification tank 17 humidifies the "crude hydrogen" in the form of bubbling, and the humidified gas enters the anode inlet of the fuel cell; preferably, a pressure gauge and a thermometer are arranged between the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the anode inlet of the fuel cell to respectively detect the anode inlet pressure and temperature of the fuel cell in real time; a hydrogen solenoid valve 16 is arranged in parallel above the hydrogen humidification tank 17; the hydrogen mixing supply module is used to control and prepare hydrogen with different concentration ratios; wherein the hydrogen flowmeter is used in conjunction with the nitrogen flowmeter to accurately control the mixing ratio of hydrogen and nitrogen, and the nitrogen flowmeter can adjust the flow rate to prepare hydrogen with different concentrations.

[0040] The anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected to a hydrogen back pressure valve 13, and a gas-liquid separator 14 and a hydrogen circulation pump 15 are connected in parallel above the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the gas-liquid separator 14 and the hydrogen circulation pump 15 are connected in series, the gas-liquid separator 14 is arranged close to the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen circulation pump 15 is arranged close to the anode inlet of the fuel cell; by controlling the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, the pressure at the anode inlet of the fuel cell can be increased; at the same time, the incompletely reacted hydrogen discharged from the anode outlet of the fuel cell can enter the gas-liquid separator 14, and the liquid water is filtered out by the gas-liquid separator 14, and then enters the fuel cell again along with the hydrogen circulation pump 15, so that a high utilization rate of hydrogen can be achieved.

[0041] The blower air supply module includes a first blower 3, a second blower 4 and an air humidification tank 6 which are separately arranged, the first blower 3 is connected in series with the first filter 1, the second blower 4 is connected in series with the second filter 2, the first blower 3 and the second blower 4 are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the air humidification tank 6; the air humidification tank 6 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; an air flow meter 5 is arranged between the first blower 3, the second blower 4 and the air humidification tank 6, and the air flow meter 5 is used to detect the flow of air entering the air humidification tank 6 to achieve accurate control; the air passes through the first filter 1 and the second filter 2 to remove impurities in the air, and then enters the first blower 3 and the second filter 2 respectively. In the second blower 4, the air flows through the flowmeter 5, is humidified by the bubbling humidification tank 6, and then enters the cathode chamber of the fuel cell. The cathode outlet of the fuel cell is provided with an air back-pressure valve 12. By controlling the air back-pressure valve 12, the pressure at the anode inlet of the fuel cell can be increased, and the excess air can be discharged through the air back-pressure valve 12; an air solenoid valve 7 is arranged in parallel above the air humidification tank 6; the blower air supply module adopts a two-way blower parallel structure, which can cover a wider range of flow requirements, and multiple blowers can be independently adjusted to adapt to different air supply requirements; more preferably, the first blower and the second blower are connected to the control unit at the same time, and the control unit is used to synchronize the working states of the two blowers.

[0042] The cooling path includes a heater 23, a water pump 8, a fan 9, a thermostat 10 and a deionizer 11, wherein the heater 23 is connected in series with the water pump 8, the fan 9 is connected in parallel with the deionizer 11, and the water pump 8 is connected to one end of the fan 9 and one end of the deionizer 11 at the same time; the heater 23 is arranged close to the cooling inlet of the fuel cell; the other end of the fan 9 is connected to one end of the thermostat 10, the other end of the deionizer 11 is connected to one end of the thermostat 10, and one end of the thermostat 10 is connected to the cooling path outlet of the fuel cell; the fan 9 and the water pump 8 are used for water circulation and heat dissipation; the deionizer is used to remove metal ions precipitated inside the stack and reduce the conductivity of the coolant.

[0043] The cooling circuit uses a coolant, such as liquid water, to remove the heat generated by the fuel cell to ensure that the fuel cell stack operates within a suitable temperature range; the water pump 8 provides power for the circulation of the coolant in the fuel cell system; by adjusting the speed of the water pump 8, the flow of the coolant can be controlled, thereby adjusting the temperature of the fuel cell; the thermostat 10 is used to control the flow path of the coolant, and decide whether to enter the fan 9 for large-circulation cooling or bypass the fan 9 for small circulation; this helps to accurately control the operating temperature of the fuel cell; the function of the cooling circuit is to release the heat absorbed from the fuel cell to the environment, thereby reducing the temperature of the coolant. The cooling circuit is usually equipped with a fan 9 to enhance the heat dissipation effect. The deionizer 11 is used to remove conductive ions in the coolant, maintain its insulation properties, and prevent the current from passing through the coolant in the fuel cell system. The entire cooling circuit effectively manages the operating temperature of the fuel cell through the coordinated work of these components to ensure its efficient operation and extend its service life.

[0044] The cooling circuit uses a thermostat instead of a three-way valve on a traditional test bench to achieve large and small cycle operation and switching, ensuring that the battery stack maintains a small temperature difference fluctuation; the cooling circuit also includes a temperature sensor T3 for monitoring the temperature of the battery stack and feeding it back to the control unit.

[0045] The electronic load module is a DC electronic load 22, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the DC electronic load 22 is arranged in parallel with the fuel cell; the DC electronic load 22 sets the power, current, voltage and working mode, and reads the current and voltage data, so as to realize the performance test of the polarization curve of the fuel cell.

[0046] A test method using the low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell test system comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Drive the water pump to circulate water in the cooling circuit;

[0048] Step 2: Introduce nitrogen and air into the system to purge the system;

[0049] Step 3: Adjust the speed of the water pump and control the water flow, and adjust the temperature of the heater;

[0050] Step 4: Stop passing nitrogen into the fuel cell, pass hydrogen into the hydrogen humidification tank for bubbling humidification, pass air into the air humidification tank for bubbling humidification, and the humidification humidity RH = 60-100%; form an open circuit voltage in the test system;

[0051] Step 5: Control the opening of the hydrogen back pressure valve and the air back pressure valve, adjust the pressure of the anode inlet of the fuel cell to 60Kpa, and the pressure of the cathode inlet to 40Kpa; after the temperature is raised to 50°C, turn on the electronic load control module to activate the fuel cell;

[0052] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell to generate electricity and detect the parameters of the power generation process.

[0053] In step 1, connect the 5Kw water-cooled reactor to the fuel cell in the test system, and set the speed of the water pump to circulate water in the cooling path to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce the thermal unevenness.

[0054] In step 2, connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, respectively control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5, and introduce nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 10-20 L / min and 30-40 L / min, respectively, for 3-5 minutes of purge;

[0055] In step 3, the water flow rate is controlled by reducing the rotation speed of the water pump 8, and the temperature of the heater 23 is adjusted so that the temperature of the circulating water is 60°C;

[0056] In step 4, the nitrogen flow meter 18 is set to zero, and the nitrogen solenoid valve 21 is closed to stop introducing nitrogen into the test system; the hydrogen solenoid valve 21 is opened and the flow rate of hydrogen is set to 20-30 L / min, and hydrogen and air are respectively introduced into the hydrogen humidifier 6 and the air humidification tank 17 for bubbling humidification, and the humidification temperature is RH=60-100%, and the open circuit voltage is started to be established;

[0057] In step five, the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13 is controlled to control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa. When the internal temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50°C, the DC electronic load 22 is turned on, and the corresponding metering ratio mode is selected. The control mode of the DC electronic load is switched to the current mode, and then the current is set to 10A, and the current is pulled in steps of 10A to straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes, and the pull cycle is repeated for multiple times until the pulled current and voltage curves coincide, and it can be considered that the stack activation is completed;

[0058] In step six: air and hydrogen are introduced into the fuel cell to generate electricity; after the fuel cell is activated, the sensitive working conditions of the fuel cell can be explored. For example, the influence of fuel cell temperature, inlet pressure, humidity, etc. When exploring these working conditions, the control variable method can be used to clarify the influence of various working conditions on the performance of the fuel cell.

[0059] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] This embodiment takes the pure hydrogen performance test process and method of a 5kW non-humidified water-cooled fuel cell as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0062] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0063] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 10L / min and 30L / min respectively for 3 minutes;

[0064] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0065] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 20L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=100%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0066] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa. When the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50°C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode. Then set the current to 10A, and load the current in steps of 10A to straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes. Cycle the load multiple times until the loaded current coincides with the voltage curve. The fuel cell activation can be considered to be complete.

[0067] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell to generate electricity; after the fuel cell is activated, the sensitive working conditions of the fuel cell can be explored. For example, the influence of fuel cell temperature, inlet pressure, humidity, etc. When exploring these working conditions, the research idea of ​​the control variable method can be used to clarify the influence of various working conditions on the performance of the fuel cell;

[0068] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to the dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; wherein the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment takes the performance test process and method of the 8kW self-humidifying water-cooled fuel cell stack under pure hydrogen as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0071] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0072] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 20L / min and 40L / min respectively for 5 minutes;

[0073] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0074] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 30L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=60%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0075] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa. When the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50°C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode. Then set the current to 10A, and load the current in steps of 10A to straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes. Cycle the load multiple times until the loaded current coincides with the voltage curve. The fuel cell activation can be considered to be complete.

[0076] Step 6: Air and hydrogen of different concentrations are introduced into the fuel cell for power generation; the air solenoid valve 7 of the air path is opened, the air goes to the dry path, the hydrogen maintains its original state, and the relative humidity of the hydrogen humidification tank is reduced to RH=30%, focusing on the influence of the relative humidity on the hydrogen side on the performance of the self-humidifying fuel cell;

[0077] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] This embodiment tests the test process and method of a 5kW self-humidifying water-cooled fuel cell system under pure hydrogen as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0080] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0081] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 20L / min and 40L / min respectively for 5 minutes;

[0082] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0083] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 30L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=60%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0084] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa, wait until the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50 ° C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode, then set the current to 10A, load the current in steps of 10A, straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes, cycle the load for multiple times, until the current and voltage curves coincide, it can be considered that the activation of the fuel cell is completed;

[0085] Step 6: Air and hydrogen of different concentrations are introduced into the fuel cell to generate electricity; the air solenoid valve 7 of the air path is opened, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 of the hydrogen path is opened, and the hydrogen circulation pump 15 is turned on at the same time, and hydrogen, liquid water and water vapor pass through the gas-liquid separator 14, and hydrogen and water vapor return to the anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell in the hydrogen circulation pump 15; this working process completely and truly simulates the performance of the fuel cell stack in the system output;

[0086] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] This embodiment tests the test process and method of a 5kW self-humidifying water-cooled fuel cell system under pure hydrogen as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0089] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0090] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 10L / min and 30L / min respectively for 3 minutes;

[0091] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0092] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 20L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=80%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0093] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa, wait until the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50 ° C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode, then set the current to 10A, load the current in steps of 10A, straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes, cycle the load for multiple times, until the current and voltage curves coincide, it can be considered that the activation of the fuel cell is completed;

[0094] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell to generate electricity; specifically, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 20, and set the flow rate of nitrogen to achieve a concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen of 90%, and test the sensitive working condition of 90% hydrogen and nitrogen;

[0095] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] This embodiment tests the test process and method of a 5kW self-humidifying water-cooled fuel cell system under pure hydrogen as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0098] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0099] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 10L / min and 30L / min respectively for 3 minutes;

[0100] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0101] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 20L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=80%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0102] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa, wait until the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50 ° C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode, then set the current to 10A, load the current in steps of 10A, straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes, cycle the load for multiple times, until the current and voltage curves coincide, it can be considered that the activation of the fuel cell is completed;

[0103] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell for power generation; specifically, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 20, and set the flow rate of nitrogen to achieve a concentration of 75% of hydrogen and nitrogen, and test the sensitive working condition of 75% hydrogen and nitrogen; this working condition truly simulates the operation of hydrogen and nitrogen in the fuel cell stack at the back end of the "ammonia-hydrogen" fuel cell;

[0104] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0105] Example 6

[0106] This embodiment tests the test process and method of a 5kW self-humidifying water-cooled fuel cell system under pure hydrogen as an example, and the test implementation process is as follows:

[0107] Step 1: Connect a 5kW water-cooled reactor to the test system; set the water pump to 8 speed to allow the water to circulate in the water cavity to discharge the bubbles in the cooling path and reduce thermal unevenness;

[0108] Step 2: Connect the pure hydrogen and nitrogen gas cylinders, open the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, start the first blower 3 and the second blower 4, control the nitrogen flow meter 18 and the air flow meter 5 respectively, and blow nitrogen and air into the test system at a speed of 10L / min and 30L / min respectively for 3 minutes;

[0109] Step 3: Reduce the speed of the water pump 8, control the water flow, and set the temperature of the circulating water heater 23 to 60°C;

[0110] Step 4: Set the nitrogen flow meter 18 to zero and close the nitrogen solenoid valve 21, open the hydrogen solenoid valve 21, set the hydrogen flow rate to 20L / min, and the hydrogen and air are bubbled and humidified through the hydrogen humidification tank 17 and the air humidification tank 6 respectively. The humidification temperature is RH=80%, and the open circuit voltage begins to be established at this time;

[0111] Step 5: Control the opening of the air back pressure valve 12 and the hydrogen back pressure valve 13, respectively control the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 60 kPa, and the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell to 40 kPa, wait until the temperature of the fuel cell rises to 50 ° C, turn on the DC electronic load 22, select the corresponding metering ratio mode, and switch the control mode of the DC electronic load 22 to the current mode, then set the current to 10A, load the current in steps of 10A, straighten the current value corresponding to the rated power, and stay at each current for 3 to 5 minutes, cycle the load for multiple times, until the current and voltage curves coincide, it can be considered that the activation of the fuel cell is completed;

[0112] Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell for power generation; specifically, the air solenoid valve 7 of the air path is opened, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 of the hydrogen path is opened, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas enters the fuel cell stack through the main path, and the hydrogen circulation pump 15 is turned on at the same time, hydrogen, nitrogen, liquid water and water vapor pass through the gas-liquid separator 14, and hydrogen, water vapor and nitrogen return to the anode inlet pipeline of the fuel cell in the hydrogen circulation pump 15; this working process completely and truly simulates the output performance of the fuel cell stack system under hydrogen and nitrogen;

[0113] After the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve 16 and the air solenoid valve 7 are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; the hydrogen flow rate 18 is set to 5-30 L / min, the air flow rate is set to 0 L / min, and the connection state of the DC electronic load 22 is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the stack drops to 0.2 V, the hydrogen flow rate is closed and the DC electronic load 22 is disconnected.

[0114] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system, characterized in that: It includes hydrogen mixing supply module, blower air supply module, cooling circuit, electronic load control module and fuel cell. The hydrogen mixed gas supply module comprises a hydrogen branch, a nitrogen branch and a hydrogen humidification tank; the hydrogen branch and the nitrogen branch are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the hydrogen humidification tank, and the hydrogen humidification tank is in turn connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell; The blower air supply module includes a first blower, a second blower and an air humidification tank which are separately arranged, the first blower and the second blower are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected to the air humidification tank; the air humidification tank is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; The cooling circuit includes a heater, a water pump, a fan and a thermostat; the fan is connected in parallel with the cathode inlet and cathode outlet of the fuel cell, the heater is arranged in series with the water pump, and the heater is further connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell; one side of the fan is connected to the water pump, the other side of the fan is connected to the thermostat, and the thermostat is further connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell; The electronic load control module is connected in parallel with the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell; the anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen back pressure valve, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with an air back pressure valve.

2. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen branch includes a hydrogen solenoid valve and a hydrogen flowmeter, the nitrogen branch includes a nitrogen solenoid valve and a nitrogen flowmeter, the hydrogen flowmeter and the hydrogen solenoid valve are connected in series, and the nitrogen solenoid valve and the nitrogen flowmeter are connected in series.

3. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure gauge and a thermometer are provided between the hydrogen humidification tank and the anode inlet of the fuel cell.

4. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas-liquid separator and a hydrogen circulation pump are even connected in parallel above the anode inlet and anode outlet of the fuel cell. The gas-liquid separator and the hydrogen circulation pump are connected in series. The gas-liquid separator is arranged close to the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen circulation pump is arranged close to the anode inlet of the fuel cell.

5. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first filter and a second filter, the first filter is connected in series with the first blower, and the second filter is connected in series with the second blower; an air flow meter is arranged between the first blower, the second blower and the air humidification tank.

6. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen solenoid valve is arranged in parallel above the hydrogen humidification tank, and an air solenoid valve is arranged in parallel above the air humidification tank.

7. A low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling circuit also includes a deionizer, which is connected in parallel with the fan, one end of the deionizer is connected to the water pump, and the other end of the deionizer is connected to one of the ports of the thermostat.

8. A test method for a low-pressure crude hydrogen fuel cell test system using any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Drive the water pump to circulate water in the cooling circuit; Step 2: Introduce nitrogen and air into the system to purge the system; Step 3: Adjust the speed of the water pump to control the water flow, and adjust the temperature of the heater to control the temperature of the circulating water; Step 4: Stop passing nitrogen into the fuel cell, pass hydrogen into the hydrogen humidification tank for bubbling humidification, pass air into the air humidification tank for bubbling humidification, and the humidification humidity RH = 60-100%; form an open circuit voltage in the test system; Step 5: Control the opening of the hydrogen back pressure valve and the air back pressure valve, adjust the pressure of the anode inlet of the fuel cell to 60Kpa, and the pressure of the cathode inlet to 40Kpa; after the temperature is raised to 50°C, turn on the electronic load control module to activate the fuel cell; Step 6: Introduce air and hydrogen of different concentrations into the fuel cell to generate electricity and detect the parameters of the power generation process.

9. The testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 2, nitrogen is introduced into the system at a rate of 10 to 20 L / min to purge the system, and air is introduced into the system at a rate of 30 to 40 L / min to purge the system, and the purge time is 3 to 5 minutes.

10. The testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anode inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen solenoid valve, and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the air solenoid valve; After completing the test, the electronic load control module is unloaded until the fuel cell is in an open circuit voltage state, and then the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are set to 0. When the anode and cathode inlet pressures of the fuel cell are both reduced to zero, the hydrogen solenoid valve and the air solenoid valve are opened to switch to a dry circuit state; hydrogen continues to flow into the test system and the introduction of air into the test system is stopped; and the connection state of the electronic load control module is maintained. When the single cell voltage of the fuel cell stack drops to 0.2V, the hydrogen flow is closed and the electronic load control module is disconnected.

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