Alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on agronomic measures

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ecological weed prevention and control, and particularly relates to an ecological alfalfa field weed prevention and control method based on agronomic measures. The invention provides an agronomic measure-based alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a planting field, turning over the planting field, and spreading a base fertilizer; s2, artificial drilling, soil covering and root fixing water pouring are carried out; s3, soil water content is controlled in each growth period, watering is performed, and disease control is performed; s4, fertilizing and cutting the alfalfa. According to the alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on the agronomic measures, the used agronomic measures optimize a traditional planting mode, operation is easy, investment of fertilizer, seeds, pesticide and manpower is reduced, productivity is liberated, and the inhibition effect on weeds in the alfalfa field is good. By means of the alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control technology, the occurrence rate of weeds in an alfalfa field can be remarkably reduced by 20.03%, and the yield and quality of alfalfa are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological weed control, and in particular relates to an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa is a high-quality forage with good nutritional quality and high yield. Because of its physiological characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance and salt-alkali tolerance, it has strong environmental adaptability and a wide distribution range; in addition, it has high feeding value, so alfalfa has high economic benefits and is deeply loved by growers. In recent years, its planting area has become larger and larger, but weeds have always been a problem that restricts alfalfa production management in the first year of alfalfa planting. When weeds occur seriously, it will not only cause a decrease in alfalfa yield and reduce the utilization period of alfalfa fields, but also directly affect its economic benefits. In order to solve the weeds in alfalfa fields, most of the production is to apply chemical herbicides to control weeds, which will not only pollute the growth environment of alfalfa, but also the chemical residues will have a long-term impact on the soil and environment and are difficult to eradicate.

[0003] Therefore, how to carry out ecological prevention and control of weeds in alfalfa fields has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide an ecological control method for weeds in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select a planting site, plow the site and apply base fertilizer;

[0008] S2, carry out artificial row sowing, cover with soil, and water to establish roots;

[0009] S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, carry out watering and disease prevention;

[0010] S4. Fertilize and mow alfalfa.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the tillage depth is 30-40 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the base fertilizer includes diammonium phosphate, which is applied once before sowing, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the artificial drill sowing depth is 2 cm, the row spacing is 10-20 cm,

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the artificial strip sowing divides the planting site into a plurality of cells, each cell has an area of ​​3m×5m, and the interval between cells is 0.5m.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the fertilization depth of the artificial drill seeding is 15 cm, and the alfalfa seeding rate is 22.5 kg / hm 2 .

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, the amount of fertilizer applied is 30-45 g / m 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, the mowing time is carried out in the initial flowering period, in which the flowering rate of the alfalfa field is 10% and the stubble height is 5 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer, and 1000-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-3 kg of urea, 10-14 kg of diammonium phosphate and 8-9 kg of potassium chloride are used per mu of planting land.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S4, the fertilization includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, and 3-4 kg of urea, 3-4 kg of potassium chloride and 1-2 kg of bacterial fertilizer are applied per mu of land.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0021] The embodiment of the present invention provides an alfalfa field weed ecological control method based on agronomic measures. The agronomic means used in the present invention optimizes the traditional planting method, is easy to operate, reduces the input of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, and manpower, liberates part of the productivity, and has a good effect on suppressing weeds in alfalfa fields. Through the alfalfa field weed ecological control technology based on agronomic measures, the incidence of weeds in alfalfa fields can be significantly reduced by 20.03%, the yield and quality of alfalfa can be improved, the application value is high, and the prospects are broad. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 The effects of different row spacings and fertilization on weed density provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The effects of different row spacings and fertilization on biomass provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 The effects of different row spacings and fertilization on alfalfa RFV provided in Example 1 of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Figure 4 The effects of different row spacings and fertilization on alfalfa CP provided in Example 1 of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] Figure 5 The effects of different row spacings and fertilization on alfalfa yield provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is the effect of different mowing times on the weed biomass in alfalfa fields provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.

[0030] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0031] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0032] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Select a planting site, plow it to a depth of 30×40cm, and spread basal fertilizer.

[0034] Diammonium phosphate fertilizer was used and applied once before sowing, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2

[0035] S2. The depth of artificial drilling is 2cm, the row spacing is 10cm to 20cm, the depth of fertilization is 15cm, and the amount of fertilizer is 30g / m 2 Up to 45g / m 2 , the alfalfa sowing rate is 22.5kg / hm2 , cover the soil and water the roots;

[0036] S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, water, and prevent and control diseases;

[0037] S4. Manage according to the conventional production mode of alfalfa, mow at the beginning of flowering period (about 10% of the alfalfa field blooms), and leave stubble at a height of 5 cm.

[0038] The principle of the present invention is that suitable fertilization management can ensure the healthy and stable growth of alfalfa and improve the competitiveness of alfalfa and weeds. In the early stage of alfalfa planting, the number of rhizobia generated is less or even no rhizobia, and applying an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can make alfalfa grow healthily and improve its yield. At the same time, alfalfa, as a phosphorus-loving forage grass, although its phosphorus content in the body is less, accounting for only 0.2%-0.5% of alfalfa, plays a very important role in the growth of alfalfa, so applying phosphorus fertilizer before planting can greatly increase its yield. Planting density is not only a key planting technology in the healthy production process of alfalfa, but also an especially important link in alfalfa production management. The determination of alfalfa planting density directly affects the yield and nutritional quality of its fresh hay. Under the same density, the larger the alfalfa planting row spacing is, the larger the weed occurrence and biomass of its alfalfa field are. Under the same row spacing, the larger the planting density is, the weed occurrence and biomass in its alfalfa field are reduced. Based on this, the present invention explores a planting management model suitable for suppressing weed occurrence in the year of alfalfa planting, conducts research on the effects of row spacing, fertilization and mowing time on weed occurrence in alfalfa fields, and provides a scientific basis for the ecological prevention and control of weeds in the year of alfalfa planting.

[0039] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, it is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1 Effects of different row spacing and fertilization on alfalfa and weeds

[0041] A. Experimental site selection: The experimental site is located in Jiyang Experimental Demonstration Base of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (36°98′20"N, 116°97′56″E), with a warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, with rain and heat occurring at the same time; the annual average temperature is 12.8℃, with the highest average summer temperature of 25.8℃ and the lowest average winter temperature of -1.3℃. It is a plain area, and the soil composition is loam and sandy loam. Table 1 shows the main fertility parameters of the experimental site.

[0042] Table 1. Soil fertility index in the 0~20cm soil layer of the test site

[0043]

[0044] B. Experimental design: This experiment was conducted on autumn sowing of alfalfa on October 5, 2019. The alfalfa variety was WL363HQ. The experiment adopted a two-factor (row spacing and fertilization) implementation plan. Fertilization treatment: F0 was no fertilizer; F1 was 15g diammonium phosphate per square meter; F2 was 30g diammonium phosphate per square meter; F3 was 45g diammonium phosphate per square meter. Row spacing treatment: S1 was 10cm (60kg / hm 2 ); S2 is 20cm(30kg / hm 2 ); S3 is 30cm (20kg / hm2). S2F2 was used as the control treatment, and the plots were randomly grouped into 4*3=12 treatments, 4 replicates, and 48 plots in total. The plot area was 3m*5m=15m 2 , a 0.5m aisle was left between the experimental plots. Row sowing was carried out at a depth of 2cm, fertilization was applied before sowing, no weeding was carried out during the experiment, and other management measures were carried out in accordance with the conventional production of alfalfa. The experimental design is shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2 Experimental design of the effects of different row spacing and fertilization on alfalfa and weeds

[0046]

[0047] C. Determination of alfalfa production performance: including alfalfa cover and plant height and alfalfa fresh grass yield after mowing. Among them, cover: alfalfa cover is measured by needle puncture method. Plant height: before sampling, 10 samples are randomly selected in each plot in the test site, and their height in the natural state is measured with a ruler, and the average value is calculated. Fresh grass yield: 1 1m2 sample is selected from each treatment plot at the beginning of flowering period. 2 After sampling, the fresh grass samples were placed in a 105°C oven for 40 minutes, then the temperature was adjusted to 65°C and dried to constant weight. The constant-weight alfalfa samples were crushed with a grinder and set aside.

[0048] D. Determination of alfalfa nutritional quality: The determination indicators of alfalfa nutritional quality include crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and the calculation of relative feeding value. Among them, CP: the crushed alfalfa sample is passed through a 60-mesh sieve and the total nitrogen content is determined using an element analyzer, and then the crude protein content is calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen content by a coefficient of 6.25. NDF and ADF: Determined using ANKOM2000i fully automatic fiber analyzer.

[0049] E. Survey of weeds in alfalfa fields: After sowing, a 0.5m2 fixed plot was randomly fixed in each treatment area to observe the occurrence of weeds. The coverage, density, and height of weeds in the fixed plot were measured during the four stages of alfalfa seedling stage, the first green period, the vegetative growth period, and the initial flowering period. The weed biomass was measured after mowing. The weed coverage, height, and biomass were the same as those in the alfalfa production performance measurement method; weed density: the total number of weeds in the fixed plots of each treatment area was surveyed and the average value was taken.

[0050] F. Calculation of relevant nutritional indexes: DMI (Dry Matter Intake, %) is dry matter intake; DDM (Digestible Dry Matter, %) is digestible dry matter; RFV (Relative Feeding Value) is relative feeding value.

[0051] DMI=120 / NDF Formula 2.1

[0052] DDM = 88.9 - 0.779 × ADF Formula 2.2

[0053] RFV=DMI×DDM / 1.29 Formula 2.3

[0054] Example 2 Effect of different mowing times on weed biomass in alfalfa fields

[0055] G. Experimental design: The design of the experimental site and experimental plots was the same as that of Example 1. In each crop in each plot, alfalfa was mowed at three different time points, and 5 m2 was mowed each time. That is, the first mowing was 14 days from the initial flowering period (T14), the second mowing was 7 days from the initial flowering period (T7), and the third mowing was at the initial flowering period (T0). Weeds were investigated before each mowing, in order to explore the effect of mowing alfalfa at different times on weed biomass.

[0056] H. Sample collection and determination: Weed surveys were conducted on April 29, 2020, May 6, 2020, and May 13, 2020 (first crop); June 5, 2020, June 11, 2020, and June 18, 2020 (second crop); July 10, 2020, July 16, 2020, and July 23, 2020 (third crop); September 11, 2020, September 17, 2020, and September 25, 2020 (fourth crop). Weed survey method Example 1.

[0057] The embodiments described above are only for illustrating the preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several improvements can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this patent, and these improvements should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for ecological control of weeds in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select a planting site, plow the site and apply base fertilizer; S2, carry out artificial row sowing, cover with soil, and water to establish roots; S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, carry out watering and disease prevention; S4. Fertilize and mow alfalfa.

2. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the tillage depth is 30-40 cm.

3. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the base fertilizer includes diammonium phosphate, which is applied once before sowing, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2 .

4. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the manual row sowing depth is 2 cm and the row spacing is 10-20 cm.

5. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the artificial strip sowing divides the planting site into a plurality of cells, each cell has an area of ​​3m×5m, and the interval between cells is 0.5m.

6. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fertilization depth of the artificial drill seeding is 15 cm, and the alfalfa seeding rate is 22.5 kg / hm 2 .

7. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of fertilizer applied is 30-45 g / m 2 .

8. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the mowing time is carried out in the initial flowering period, in which the flowering rate of the alfalfa field is 10% and the stubble height is 5 cm.

9. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer, and 1000-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-3 kg of urea, 10-14 kg of diammonium phosphate and 8-9 kg of potassium chloride are used per mu of planting land.

10. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on agronomic measures according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the fertilization includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, and 3-4 kg of urea, 3-4 kg of potassium chloride and 1-2 kg of bacterial fertilizer are applied per mu of land.

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