Field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and relates to a field management method for reducing peach orchard gummosis, which comprises the following steps: 1) orchard soil preparation: carrying out soil preparation during low-temperature freezing in winter, firstly stripping surface soil with the thickness of 20-30cm on the surface layer, then deeply ploughing deep soil with the thickness of 40-50cm to naturally dissociate the soil, and carrying out soil preparation; then adding farm livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer into the deep soil, and finally covering the stripped surface soil on the surface again; 3) ridging management: rotary tillage ridging is carried out, the width of each ridge is 1.5-2 m, the height of each ridge is 60-80 cm, peach trees are planted on the ridges, and furrowing is carried out between the ridges by using a furrowing machine; 3) performing covering management on ridges: covering straws on the ridges, planting green manure between the ridges in winter, turning and pressing in spring, and deeply turning and returning the straws to the field in summer; 4) covering the roots of the fruit trees with films; 5) fertilization management: applying an organic fertilizer instead of a chemical fertilizer in the production process of the peach tree, wherein the proportion of the organic fertilizer instead of the chemical fertilizer is 25%; and 6) spreading lime once every 2-3 years. The peach orchard gummosis can be reduced, and the symptoms of the gummosis can be relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting and relates to a field management method, in particular to a field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards. Background Art

[0002] Peach gummosis, also known as warty skin disease, tumor skin disease, and peach resin disease, is a disease caused by infection with Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis cinerea. Peach gummosis is a major disease of peach trees, occurring in branches and trunks, with the main trunk being the most serious. It causes the tree to weaken, the fruit quality to decline, and in severe cases, the plant to die. Jianghuai clay orchards have a series of problems such as poor soil physical properties, prone to drought and waterlogging, poor deep soil permeability, easy compaction of surface soil, and low soil organic matter content, making peach trees more susceptible to gummosis.

[0003] At present, the treatment of peach gummosis pathogens mainly adopts the application of pesticides and other technologies. However, the application of pesticides is easy to cause pollution and has a potential impact on the quality of fruit trees. At the same time, the current large-scale application of chemical fertilizers will lead to soil acidification, which will make the gummosis of fruit trees more serious.

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, it is urgent to study a new technical method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards, which can reduce the occurrence of gummosis in peach orchards and alleviate the symptoms of gummosis that has occurred.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] 1) Orchard land preparation: soil preparation is carried out during the winter when the temperature is low and the ground is frozen. During soil preparation, the topsoil with a thickness of 20-30 cm is first stripped off, and then the deep soil with a thickness of 40-50 cm is deep-turned to allow the deep soil to undergo natural dissociation under the conditions of low temperature and freezing to form a loose structure. Then, farm animal and poultry manure, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are added to the deep soil with a loose structure, and finally the surface is covered with the stripped topsoil again;

[0009] 2) Ridge management: Rotary tillage is used to form ridges with a width of 1.5-2 meters and a height of 60-80 cm. Peach trees are planted on the ridges and trenching machines are used to dig trenches between the ridges.

[0010] 3) Ridge mulching management: Cover the ridges with straw, plant green manure between the ridges in winter, and turn the green manure over and return it to the field in spring; in summer, deep turn the straw over and return it to the field, with a depth of less than 20 cm;

[0011] 4) Covering the roots of fruit trees with plastic film: Cover the roots of peach trees with plastic film;

[0012] 5) Fertilization management: During the peach production process, organic fertilizers are used to partially replace chemical fertilizers, with the ratio of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers being 25%;

[0013] 6) Apply lime every 2-3 years to adjust the soil acidity.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1), the time for natural dissociation of the deep-turned deep soil under low-temperature freezing conditions is 7 days.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the amount of organic fertilizer of farm animal and poultry manure added to the deep soil with loose structure is 5 t / mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer is 10 kg / mu.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2), the depth of furrowing between ridges using a furrow opener is 20-50 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the thickness of the straw is 10-15 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 5), fertilization is performed in an amount such that 0.46 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.29 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 0.74 kg of potassium oxide are absorbed by every 100 kg of peaches produced.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5), fertilization is performed according to a peach yield of 2,000 kg per mu.

[0020] Preferably, in step 6), the amount of lime used is 75 kg / mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards of the present invention has one or more of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention can improve the current situation of waterlogging, poor air permeability and low organic matter in the field by improving field management (for example, ridge building, covering ridges with straw, digging furrows between ridges, spreading lime to increase soil pH, partially replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers (25%), planting green manure between ridges, etc.), thereby reducing the occurrence of gummosis in peach orchards and alleviating the symptoms of gummosis that has already occurred.

[0023] 2. The present invention can reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides used, and can achieve sustainable green orchard production through the utilization rate of straw resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, and the contents of the embodiments are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention relates to a field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards, which comprises the following steps:

[0026] 1. Orchard land preparation.

[0027] In the present invention, soil preparation is performed when the soil is frozen in winter. That is, when the soil is frozen in winter (i.e., below zero degrees Celsius), land preparation is performed.

[0028] Specifically, when preparing the soil, first peel off the topsoil with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and pile the peeled topsoil aside for later use.

[0029] Then, the 40-50cm thick deep soil layer after the topsoil is stripped is deep-turned to allow the deep-turned deep soil to undergo natural dissociation under low temperature and freezing conditions, so as to form a loose structure. The natural dissociation time is generally 7 days.

[0030] Next, add farm animal manure organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to the deep soil with loose structure. Preferably, the amount of farm animal manure organic fertilizer added to the deep soil with loose structure is 5t / mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer is 10kg / mu. By adding farm animal manure organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the formation of soil aggregate structure is facilitated.

[0031] Finally, the surface is re-covered with the stripped topsoil.

[0032] The present invention can improve the physical structure of deep soil by deep plowing, freezing and thawing in the field and adding organic fertilizer.

[0033] 2. Ridge management.

[0034] In the present invention, after land preparation, rotary tillage and ridge formation are performed to make the ridge width 1.5-2 meters and the height 60-80 cm. Peach trees are planted on the ridges, and furrows are opened between the ridges with a furrowing machine.

[0035] Preferably, the depth of furrowing between ridges with a furrow opener is 20-50 cm.

[0036] The present invention can drain water in the rainy season or when the water content in the field is high by ridge formation and furrow opening, thereby reducing the influence of poor air permeability of deep soil on the root system of peach trees.

[0037] 3. Covering management on ridges.

[0038] In the present invention, straw is covered on the ridges, green manure is planted between the ridges in winter, and the green manure is turned over and returned to the field in spring; in summer, the straw is deeply turned over and returned to the field, and the depth of the return to the field is less than 20 cm. The thickness of the straw is 10-15 cm.

[0039] The present invention covers the ridges with straw, plants green manure between the ridges, and combines deep plowing and returning the straw to the field. On the one hand, the air permeability of the surface soil can be improved. On the other hand, returning the straw to the field can improve the soil physical structure, including soil aggregates and bulk density, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the sub-surface peach tree root system.

[0040] 4. Cover the roots of fruit trees with film.

[0041] In the present invention, the base of the peach tree is covered with a plastic mulch film, which can prevent insects such as longhorn beetles from climbing up the tree, invading the peach tree, and causing wounds to ooze gum.

[0042] 5. Fertilization management.

[0043] In the present invention, organic fertilizer is used to partially replace chemical fertilizer in the peach production process. By partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, peach yield can be guaranteed on the one hand, and soil structure can be improved and soil organic matter content can be increased on the other hand.

[0044] For this reason, the inventor has carried out the experiment that organic fertilizer partially replaces chemical fertilizer, and the specific experiment is as follows:

[0045] 1. Yellow peaches should be fertilized according to their yield.

[0046] According to the experience of fruit fertilizer application: 6-8kg of pure nitrogen, 4-6kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 10-13kg of potassium oxide are required for each 1000kg of yellow peach fruit. The experimental yellow peach yield of the present invention is designed to be 2000kg / mu, and about 14kg of pure nitrogen, about 10kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and about 20kg of potassium oxide are required. This formula fertilizer is called the experimental yellow peach inorganic formula fertilizer of the present invention. The principle of commercial organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen is that two organic nitrogen replaces one chemical fertilizer nitrogen, and the organic fertilizer is designed to replace chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment.

[0047] The commercial organic fertilizer used in the experiment of the present invention is the organic fertilizer produced by Heze Baoyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd., and its organic matter content is ≥45%, N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥5% (nitrogen content is 1.5%), the price is: 900 yuan / ton; dry sheep manure 1000 kg / mu, the price is 600 yuan / ton; Sunny day compound fertilizer (15-15-15), the price is 2500 yuan / ton; 12-8-20 off-duty compound fertilizer, the price is 3750 yuan / ton; 21-9-24 off-duty compound fertilizer, the price is 4500 yuan / ton; urea, the price is 2400 yuan / ton; 12% superphosphate, the price is 760 yuan / ton; potassium sulfate, the price is 4200 yuan / ton. The price of yellow peach is 6 yuan / kg to calculate the economic benefit.

[0048] 2. Materials and methods.

[0049] (1) Test location.

[0050] The experiment was conducted in the yellow peach garden of Runde Fruit and Vegetable Planting Cooperative, No. 3 Division of Dangshan County Horticultural Farm. The latitude and longitude of the field test points are: 116.5211, 34.4756. Yellow peach variety: Royal Golden Crown Yellow Peach, tree age: 6 years, plant spacing 2 meters * 1.5 meters (222 trees / mu). The annual yield level is 1000-1500 kg / mu. Test soil: yellow tidal soil, its basic physical and chemical properties are as follows: soil organic matter 10.5g / kg, total nitrogen 0.85g / kg, available phosphorus 23.6mg / kg, available potassium 122mg / kg, pH 7.7.

[0051] (2) Experimental treatment

[0052] a. Inorganic formula fertilizer. Total fertilizer application amount: 14kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 10kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg / mu of potassium oxide. Base fertilizer: 47kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15). Topdressing, fruit-swelling fertilizer, 15.2kg / mu of urea + 25kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 26kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0053] b. Inorganic formula fertilizers with 25% less nitrogen. Total fertilizer application: 10.5kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 10kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg / mu of potassium oxide. Base fertilizer: 47kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15). Topdressing: fruit-swelling fertilizer, 7.6kg / mu of urea + 25kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 26kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0054] c. Replace 25% of the inorganic formula fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizer. Total fertilizer application: 10.5kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 10kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg / mu of potassium oxide, and 466kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Base fertilizer: 47kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 466kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Topdressing: fruit-swelling fertilizer, 7.6kg / mu of urea + 25kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 26kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0055] d. 40% of the inorganic formula fertilizer nitrogen is replaced by commercial organic fertilizer. Total fertilizer application amount: 8.4kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 10kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg / mu of potassium oxide, and 747kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Base fertilizer: 47kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) + 466kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Topdressing: fruit-swelling fertilizer, 3kg / mu of urea + 25kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 26kg / mu of potassium sulfate + 281kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer.

[0056] e. 100% of the nitrogen in inorganic formula fertilizer is replaced by commercial organic fertilizer. Total fertilizer application amount: 10kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, 20kg / mu of potassium oxide, and 1866kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Base fertilizer: 58kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 14kg / mu of potassium sulfate + 933kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer. Topdressing: fruit-swelling fertilizer, 25kg / mu of 12% superphosphate + 26kg / mu of potassium sulfate + 933kg / mu of commercial organic fertilizer.

[0057] f. The Runde Fruit and Vegetable Planting Cooperative uses customary fertilization (referred to as customary fertilization), compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer. The total amount of chemical fertilizer applied is: 33kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 17kg / mu of phosphorus pentoxide, and 44kg / mu of potassium oxide; the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1000kg / mu of dry sheep manure. Base fertilizer: 1000kg / mu of dry sheep manure + compound fertilizer (12-8-20) and 100kg / mu of off-season compound fertilizer. Topdressing: fruit-swelling fertilizer, 100kg / mu of off-season compound fertilizer (21-9-24).

[0058] Community (12m*6m=72m 2 ) area of ​​0.108 mu, 24 peach trees were treated, and the middle 8 trees were used for yield calculation. Every two peach trees (one in the north and one in the south) were repeated once, with a total of 4 repetitions. Fertilization method: near the outer edge of the vertical projection of the crown, the ring ditch fertilization method was adopted. The ditch was 20 cm wide and 20 cm deep. The fertilizer of the small area was evenly spread into the ditch and covered with soil. The base fertilizer was applied on February 25, 2024; the topdressing was fruit-swelling fertilizer, which was applied on June 1, 2024. Yellow peaches were harvested twice, on June 15 and June 23, 2024. When yellow peaches were harvested for the first time, yellow fruit samples were collected to analyze the nutrient and quality content.

[0059] (3) Soil sample collection and analysis methods.

[0060] According to the principle of multi-point "S"-shaped sampling, 0-40cm soil samples were collected from the topsoil layer. After natural air drying in the room, they were ground and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to determine the content of available phosphorus and available potassium. The 20-mesh soil was ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to determine the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen. Among them, organic carbon was determined by potassium dichromate external heating method; total nitrogen was determined by concentrated H 2 SO 4 The available phosphorus was determined by 0.5 mol / L NaHCO 3 Extraction, determination of molybdenum antimony colorimetry; fast-acting potassium was extracted with 1.0 mol / L NH4OAc, determined by flame photometry, pH potentiometric method (water-soil ratio 1:2.5).

[0061] (4) Fruit sample collection and analysis methods.

[0062] One fruit (uniform in size) was taken from each of the east, west, south, north and center of the peach tree for nutrient and quality analysis. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, soluble solids and reducing sugars of the fruit were determined according to GB / 5009.5, GB / 5009.87-2016, GB / 5009.91-2016, NY / T2637-2014 and GB / 5009.7-2016 methods.

[0063] (5) Data processing and analysis.

[0064] EXCEL and DPS were used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the new multiple range method was used for multiple comparisons.

[0065] Table 1. Fertilizer nutrients and organic fertilizer dosage (kg / mu) of yellow peaches treated with different organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizer nitrogen

[0066]

[0067] Table 2. Fertilizer usage and fertilizer cost of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment

[0068]

[0069] Note: The price of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is 2,500 yuan / ton; the price of compound fertilizer (21-9-24) is 4,500 yuan / ton; the price of compound fertilizer (12-8-20) is 3,750 yuan / ton; the price of urea is 2,400 yuan / ton; the price of superphosphate is 760 yuan / ton; the price of potassium sulfate is 4,200 yuan / ton; the price of commercial organic fertilizer is 900 yuan / ton

[0070] 3. Test results.

[0071] (1) Effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on nutrient absorption of yellow peach fruit.

[0072] As can be seen from Table 3, different fertilization treatments have different effects on the nutrient content of yellow peach fruit. Compared with treatment 1 of inorganic formula fertilizer, the nitrogen content of yellow peach fruit in treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4, and treatment 5 decreased by 5.9%, 0.7%, 3.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, and the nitrogen content of yellow peach fruit in treatment 6 increased by 14.4%; the phosphorus content of yellow peach fruit in treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4, treatment 5, and treatment 6 increased by 9.1%, 18.2%, 18.2%, 27.3%, and 36.4%, respectively; the potassium content of yellow peach fruit increased by 7.2%, 4.3%, 6.5%, 15.3%, and 20.1%, respectively. Different treatments have different effects on the cumulative amount of nutrients in the fruit: compared with inorganic formula fertilizers, the cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the yellow peach fruit treated with 25% nitrogen reduction decreased by 21.0%, 9.1% and 10.0%, respectively; the cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the yellow peach fruit treated with 25% inorganic nitrogen replaced by organic nitrogen increased by 7.8%, 30.3% and 13.2%, respectively; the cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the yellow peach fruit treated with 40% inorganic nitrogen replaced by organic nitrogen increased by 0.3%, 22.8% and 10.4%, respectively; the cumulative amounts of nitrogen and potassium nutrients in the yellow peach fruit treated with 100% inorganic nitrogen replaced by organic nitrogen decreased by 24.0% and 10.0%, respectively, and the cumulative amount of phosphorus increased by 3.0%; the cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the yellow peach fruit treated with conventional fertilization increased by 18.7%, 36.4% and 24.8%, respectively. It can be seen that the amount of inorganic nitrogen applied has a great influence on the nitrogen content of the fruit. When the nitrogen application rate is low, the nitrogen content of the fruit is low, such as treatment 2; when the nitrogen application rate is high, the nitrogen content of the fruit is high, such as the habitual fertilization. The formula fertilizer with organic fertilizer replacing 25% inorganic nitrogen has the highest cumulative nutrient content in the yellow peach fruit. The cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients are 7.8%, 30.3%, and 13.2% higher than those of inorganic formula fertilizer; and 41.9%, 26.5%, and 22.9% higher than those of organic fertilizer replacing 100% inorganic nitrogen formula fertilizer. The cumulative amount of nitrogen in the fruit of the formula fertilizer with organic fertilizer replacing 100% inorganic nitrogen is lower than that of the nitrogen-deficient inorganic formula fertilizer (treatment 2), indicating that the formula fertilizer does not provide enough nitrogen to the yellow peach trees.

[0073] Table 3 Effects of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments on nutrient absorption of yellow peach fruit

[0074]

[0075] Note: Letters represent significant differences

[0076] (2) Effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of yellow peach.

[0077] As can be seen from Tables 4 and 5, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the replacement of different amounts of fertilizer nitrogen by organic fertilizer have different effects on the reducing sugar content and soluble solids content of yellow peach. Inorganic formula fertilizer reduces chemical fertilizer nitrogen by 25%, and the reducing sugar content and soluble solids content of yellow peach decrease by 6.4% and 3.9%, respectively, indicating that insufficient nitrogen application will reduce the quality of yellow peach. Compared with inorganic formula fertilizer, the reducing sugar content of yellow peach in treatment 3, treatment 4, treatment 5, and treatment 6 increased by 11.3%, 14.8%, 21.9%, and 14.8%, respectively; the soluble solids content increased by 7.6%, 9.5%, 10.8%, and 5.4%, respectively. The results show that the greater the proportion of inorganic nitrogen in inorganic formula fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer, the better the quality of yellow peach; although the reducing sugar content and soluble solid content of yellow peach in conventional fertilization are significantly higher than those in inorganic formula fertilizer, the soluble solid content is lower than that in organic-inorganic formula fertilizer treatment (treatment 3), indicating that balanced fertilization and organic-inorganic combined fertilization have an important influence on the quality of yellow peach. The experiment of the present invention has the highest reducing sugar content and soluble solid content in yellow peach treated with formula fertilizer without chemical fertilizer nitrogen, which gives people inspiration that when creating a high-quality brand, organic formula fertilizer without chemical fertilizer nitrogen is an important technology.

[0078] Table 4. Effects of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments on reducing sugar content in yellow peach (%)

[0079]

[0080] Note: Letters represent significant differences, F value = 8.1780

[0081] Table 5. Effects of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments on the soluble solids content of yellow peach (%)

[0082]

[0083] Note: Letters represent significant differences, F value = 5.3550

[0084] (3) The effect of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yellow peach yield.

[0085] As shown in Table 6, different nitrogen application rates and organic fertilizers replacing inorganic formula nitrogen have different effects on yellow peach yields: compared with inorganic formula fertilizers (treatment 1), organic fertilizers replacing 25% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (treatment 3) increased yellow peach yield by 8.4%, organic fertilizers replacing 40% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (treatment 4) increased yellow peach yield by 3.6%, and organic fertilizers replacing 100% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (treatment 5) reduced yellow peach yield by 20.5%. This shows that treatment 3 (formulated fertilizer + organic fertilizer mode) where organic fertilizers replaced 25% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen had the best effect on increasing yellow peach yields, and replacing all inorganic chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizers would significantly reduce yellow peach yields. Compared with inorganic formula fertilizers, inorganic formula fertilizers reduced chemical fertilizer nitrogen by 25% (treatment 2) reduced yellow peach yield by 16.0%, indicating that yellow peach trees must use organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizer nitrogen in order to ensure stable and high yields of yellow peaches with reduced nitrogen. However, excessive application of organic and inorganic fertilizers cannot increase the yield of yellow peaches. If the tree planting cooperatives habitually apply chemical fertilizers, the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers are 3.1, 1.7 and 2.2 times that of treatment 3 respectively, but treatment 3 increases the yield of yellow peaches by 4.5% compared with habitual fertilization. The reasons are analyzed as follows: the habitual fertilization treatment uses a large amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (2.1 times higher than treatment 3), which can easily cause an imbalance in nutrient absorption of peach trees and physiological metabolic disorders of peach trees, leading to a decrease in fruit yield. Excessive nitrogen supply can lead to excessive nutritional growth of peach trees, a large number of new shoots on the trees, and a dense crown, which can easily lead to serious fruit drop of peach trees, thereby reducing yield. In addition, the organic fertilizer used is homemade sheep manure, and its maturity and harmless treatment may not meet the standard requirements of commercial organic fertilizers, affecting the effect of organic fertilizer application. This may be the reason for the low yield of habitual fertilization.

[0086] Table 6. Yellow peach yield (kg / mu) of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments

[0087]

[0088] Note: Letters represent significant differences, F value = 50.8840

[0089] (4) Economic benefit analysis of replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer.

[0090] As can be seen from Table 7, the economic benefit of replacing 25% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with commercial organic fertilizer (treatment 3) is the best, and the income increases by 909.9 yuan / mu, 3384.6 yuan / mu, 1001.7 yuan / mu, 5724.8 yuan / mu, and 1474.9 yuan / mu respectively compared with treatments 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, indicating that chemical fertilizers alone or all organic fertilizer formula fertilizers cannot obtain good economic benefits. It can also be seen from Table 7 that the fertilization costs of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are different. The fertilization cost of replacing all chemical fertilizer nitrogen with commercial organic fertilizers (treatment 5) is 6.7 times the fertilizer cost of inorganic formula fertilizers (treatment 1), indicating that the fertilizer cost of fruit trees using organic fertilizers is much higher than that of chemical fertilizers.

[0091] Table 7 Economic benefit analysis of yellow peach treated with different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen

[0092] deal with Yield (kg / mu) Output value (yuan / mu) Fertilizer cost (yuan / mu) 1 2591.1 15546.6 282.2 2 2175.6 13053.6 263.9 3 2809.6 16857.6 683.3 4 2684.8 16108.8 936.2 5 2060 12360 1910.5 6 2687.4 16124.4 1425

[0093] Note: The price of yellow peaches is 6 yuan / kg.

[0094] 4. Conclusion

[0095] (1) The formula fertilizer (treatment 3) that replaced 25% of inorganic formula fertilizer nitrogen with commercial organic fertilizer had the best yield increase effect and the highest economic benefit. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the yield increased by 4.5%, the income increased by 1474.9 yuan / mu, the nitrogen application of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 19 kg / mu, and the phosphorus application of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 7 kg / mu (P 2 O 5 ), reduce fertilizer potassium by 24 kg / mu (K 2 O), the quality of yellow peach was significantly better than that of inorganic formula fertilizer treatment, and there was no significant difference with the conventional fertilization treatment. The formula fertilizer of treatment 3 is a nitrogen-reducing fertilization technology for high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency yellow peach in Dangshan County, which has significant ecological benefits.

[0096] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer is an important technology for increasing the yield of yellow peaches. Reducing nitrogen in inorganic formula fertilizers will significantly reduce the yield and quality of yellow peaches. Inorganic formula fertilizers must be replaced by organic fertilizers to achieve high quality, high yield and efficiency, while significantly reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.

[0097] (3) The yellow peach yield was low when all nitrogen in chemical fertilizer was replaced by organic fertilizer. From the fruit nutrient analysis data, insufficient nitrogen supply was the main factor limiting the yellow peach yield. However, the yellow peach quality was the best in this treatment. Without pursuing yield, this is a good fertilization technology for creating a high-quality yellow peach brand and deserves further in-depth study.

[0098] From the above experiments, it can be seen that in the present invention, the ratio of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer is 25%. When applying fertilizer, 0.46 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.29 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 0.74 kg of potassium oxide are absorbed by every 100 kg of peaches produced. In addition, when applying fertilizer, 2000 kg of peaches per mu are used as the yield.

[0099] 6. Apply lime every 2-3 years to adjust soil acidity.

[0100] In the present invention, preferably, the amount of lime used is 75 kg / mu to increase the soil pH value.

[0101] The present invention improves the current situation of waterlogging, poor air permeability and low organic matter in the field by improving field management, including: ridge building, covering ridges with straw, digging furrows between ridges, spreading lime to increase soil pH, partially replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers (25%), planting green manure between ridges, etc., thereby reducing the occurrence of gummosis in peach orchards and alleviating the symptoms of gummosis that has already occurred.

[0102] The above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchards, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Orchard land preparation: soil preparation is carried out during the winter when the temperature is low and the ground is frozen. When preparing the soil, first peel off the topsoil with a thickness of 20-30 cm, and then deep-turn the 40-50 cm thick layer after the topsoil is peeled off, so that the deep soil is naturally dissociated under the low temperature and freezing conditions to form a loose structure. Then, add farm livestock and poultry manure, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to the deep soil with a loose structure, and finally cover the surface with the peeled topsoil again; 2) Ridge management: Rotary tillage is used to form ridges with a width of 1.5-2 meters and a height of 60-80 cm. Peach trees are planted on the ridges and trenching machines are used to dig trenches between the ridges. 3) Ridge mulching management: Cover the ridges with straw, plant green manure between the ridges in winter, and turn the green manure over and return it to the field in spring; in summer, deep turn the straw over and return it to the field, with a depth of less than 20 cm; 4) Covering the roots of fruit trees with plastic film: Cover the roots of peach trees with plastic film; 5) Fertilization management: During the peach production process, organic fertilizers are used to partially replace chemical fertilizers, with the ratio of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers being 25%; 6) Apply lime every 2-3 years to adjust the soil acidity.

2. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the time for the deep-turned deep soil to undergo natural dissociation under low-temperature freezing conditions is 7 days.

3. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1), the amount of organic fertilizer of farm animal and poultry manure added to the deep soil with loose structure is 5t / mu, and the amount of compound fertilizer is 10kg / mu.

4. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the depth of furrowing between ridges by a furrowing machine is 20-50 cm.

5. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the thickness of the straw is 10-15 cm.

6. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5), fertilization is performed in an amount such that 0.46 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.29 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 0.74 kg of potassium oxide are absorbed by every 100 kg of peaches produced.

7. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 5), fertilization is performed according to a peach yield of 2,000 kg per mu.

8. The field management method for reducing gummosis in peach orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6), the amount of lime used is 75 kg / mu.

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