Cultivation method for promoting flowering phase synchronization of spring wheat and winter wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for promoting flowering phase synchronization of winter wheat and spring wheat, and belongs to the technical field of wheat breeding and cultivation. The breeding method comprises the following steps: disinfection and germination, low-temperature vernalization, transplanting and cultivation, and flowering phase synchronization. The method has the beneficial effects that aiming at the vernalization / low-temperature treatment stages of wheat with different winter and spring properties after germination, environmental conditions such as the photoperiod, the light intensity, the environment temperature and the vernalization / low-temperature treatment duration and environmental conditions such as the photoperiod, the light intensity and the environment temperature in the growth and development stage after vernalization are regulated and controlled; flowering phase encounter of winter wheat and spring wheat is promoted, and the growth cycle is remarkably shortened. According to the method, the flowering phases of the spring wheat and the winter wheat can meet, the bottleneck that the spring wheat and the winter wheat are difficult to hybridize due to ecological distant flowering asynchronism is broken through, and the growth cycle is remarkably shortened compared with a field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat breeding and cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting the flowering periods of spring wheat and winter wheat to coincide. Background Art

[0002] It took only two thousand years for wheat to spread from a local plant in the Fertile Crescent region to the world and become the world's second largest food crop. This shows that the stable and increased production of wheat is crucial to ensuring the stability of human society and human food security. At present, many environmental prediction models point out that the future climate crisis will be further intensified, and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate and global warming will further become a severe challenge to global food security. At the same time, the global population will further increase. In this process, improving the quality and efficiency of wheat and improving its environmental adaptability are crucial to ensuring that the next 10 billion people will have adequate food supply.

[0003] At present, the main means of improving the quality, efficiency and environmental adaptability of wheat is the innovation of wheat varieties. Innovative breakthroughs in wheat varieties depend on the research, mastery, innovation and utilization of germplasm resources. Modern wheat is severely homogenized and lacks excellent resources. There is still a lot of room for progress in the gene mining and precise identification of core high-quality traits such as wheat resistance and high yield. Different from the traditional breeding method, in which wheat can only be planted for one generation a year, it usually takes more than 10 years to cultivate a new wheat variety. Rapid breeding artificially regulates light factors, environmental temperature and nutrition throughout the growth period of wheat, so that 4 to 6 generations of wheat can be produced and harvested in a year. The emergence of rapid breeding technology has broken the shackles of the long breeding cycle that limit the efficiency and progress of wheat breeding.

[0004] The main difference between winter wheat and spring wheat is whether they have a vernalization requirement. Vernalization requirement refers to the phenomenon that some biennial plants such as wheat must experience a period of continuous low temperature before they can switch from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage. It is a mechanism evolved by plants to adapt to seasonal fluctuations in temperature. The hybridization of winter wheat and spring wheat is an ecological distant hybridization. By hybridizing winter and spring wheat, the excellent traits of winter wheat are introduced into spring wheat, or the excellent traits of spring wheat are introduced into winter wheat. Varieties with enhanced stress resistance, wide adaptability, stable and high yield can be selected. For example, Bi Ma No. 1 and Bi Ma No. 4, which have been widely promoted in production, are bred by hybridizing Jade Wheat (Spring) and Grasshopper Wheat (Winter). However, in the process of rapid breeding, due to the different vernalization requirements of wheat of different spring and winter natures, the flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat sown at the same time is not consistent, and the flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat sown at different times cannot be predicted for the time being. How to achieve the consistency of flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat in rapid breeding and then realize flowering period prediction and hybridization, there is currently no relevant report.

[0005] At present, there are some reports on rapid breeding technology, such as the Chinese patent application documents of publication number CN117716987A and publication number CN117378504A. These documents do not mention how to adjust the flowering period of spring and winter wheat to be consistent, and only propose methods from the perspective of accelerating wheat growth and harvesting technology. At present, there are also a few reports on wheat flowering period encounter technology, such as publication number CN116762688A describes a method for promoting the flowering period of oats and wheat hybrids to meet, this method technology is mainly used in the field, and the technical operation is very complicated, requiring multi-step field operation, and cannot be carried out throughout the year; publication number CN109479706A introduces a winter-spring hybrid wheat variety breeding technology, which also requires multi-step operation and the technology is applied to the field; for example, publication number CN107980614A introduces a hybrid wheat flowering period adjustment seed production method, the technology is mainly used in the field, and the technology is expensive to adjust the flowering period by planting density and the technical means are cumbersome. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the problem that winter wheat and spring wheat with different genetic backgrounds have inconsistent flowering periods and are difficult to achieve flowering period prediction and hybridization.

[0007] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0008] The present invention provides a breeding method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat to coincide with each other, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Disinfection and germination: After disinfecting the spring wheat and winter wheat seeds, they are placed in moist culture dishes for seed germination until they are white;

[0010] (2) Low-temperature vernalization treatment: The germinated spring wheat and winter wheat seeds were moved to a light incubator for low-temperature vernalization treatment. The temperature of the low-temperature vernalization treatment was set at 3-14°C, the photoperiod was 18-23.5 h light / 6-0.5 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 100-300 μmol m -2 s -1 , the air humidity is 50-85%, and the time of low-temperature vernalization treatment is 28-43 days;

[0011] (3) Transplantation and cultivation:

[0012] The spring wheat and winter wheat that had been subjected to low-temperature vernalization were transplanted to a breeding acceleration platform for soil culture. The temperature of the breeding acceleration platform was set at 20-25°C, the photoperiod was 20-24h light / 4-0h dark, and the light intensity was set at 200-1200 μmol m -2 s -1, until the wheat heads, keep cutting off the extra tillers, leaving only 1 to 2 strong tillers per plant, the air humidity is 50 to 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 450 to 1050 ppm;

[0013] or

[0014] Transplant the spring wheat and winter wheat that have been vernalized to a field where the average daily temperature is between 18 and 32 degrees Celsius within 50 days after transplanting and manage them according to normal field agronomic measures.

[0015] (4) Encounter during the flowering period:

[0016] Spring wheat and winter wheat transplanted to the breeding acceleration platform can achieve flowering time after 23 to 45 days of cultivation;

[0017] Spring wheat and winter wheat transplanted to the field for cultivation can achieve flowering period after 25 to 50 days of cultivation.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), spring wheat includes spring wheat and weak spring wheat; winter wheat includes strong winter wheat, winter wheat and semi-winter wheat.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the disinfection treatment is specifically: washing the wheat seeds with 3-10% NaClO solution for 1-3 minutes, and then washing with pure water for 4-5 times.

[0020] Preferably, in step (1), the ratio of the soil in the soil culture hole is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 1-2:0.5-1:0.25-1.

[0021] Preferably, the lighting for the low-temperature vernalization treatment in step (2) and the lighting for cultivation in the breeding acceleration platform in step (2) are any one of LED light sources: cold / warm white light, blue spectrum monochromatic light, red spectrum monochromatic light, and composite light with a red:blue ratio of 1 to 3:1 to 5.

[0022] Preferably, in the low-temperature vernalization treatment, pure water is applied to the roots once every other day every week. The amount of pure water applied in the culture dish with qualitative filter paper is to keep the filter paper moist at all times; the amount of pure water applied in the culture hole with soil is to keep the soil moist at all times.

[0023] Preferably, in step (3), the culture in the breeding acceleration platform can be carried out by hydroponics or soil culture, wherein the concentration of the nutrient solution for hydroponics is maintained at 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 Hogland nutrient solution; and the soil ratio for soil culture is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 1 to 2: 0.5 to 1: 0.25 to 1.

[0024] Preferably, in step (3), 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 Hogland nutrient solution is supplemented every three days. For hydroponics, the nutrient solution is replaced in the culture box; for soil culture, the nutrient solution is applied to the roots.

[0025] Preferably, the normal field agronomic management in step (3) refers to the normal application of base fertilizer to the soil and the normal application of fertilizers and water during the corresponding growth period.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), a 7-day shade net is installed in the early stage of field cultivation for protection (to prevent birds from eating), and the shade net is removed after 7 days.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention is aimed at different winter-spring wheats, and by regulating the photoperiod, light intensity, ambient temperature, vernalization / low temperature treatment duration in the vernalization / low temperature treatment stage after wheat germination, as well as the photoperiod, light intensity, and ambient temperature in the growth and development stage, it is promoted to promote the flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat to meet, and significantly shorten their growth cycle. The winter-spring degree of wheat can be basically ignored by this method, and the flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat of different spring-winter natures, as well as spring-winter wheat varieties of different genetic backgrounds, can be effectively met; the vernalization / low temperature treatment stage can be completed by using an artificial climate box or a low-temperature plant incubator or a general freezer; winter wheat and spring wheat germinate at the same time, and are vernalized / low temperature treated / transplanted and cultured at the same time, with simple steps to avoid repeated operations; this method has high adaptability and flexible use, and can be applied in an accelerated breeding platform and can be used conditionally in the field; this method can effectively promote the growth and development of wheat and shorten its growth cycle.

[0029] 2. The present invention targets different winter and spring wheat types, and by regulating the photoperiod, light intensity, ambient temperature, and duration of vernalization / low-temperature treatment during the vernalization / low-temperature treatment stage after germination, as well as the photoperiod, light intensity, and ambient temperature during the growth and development stage, the flowering periods of winter wheat and spring wheat are promoted to coincide, and their growth cycles are significantly shortened.

[0030] 3. For different winter and spring wheats, by regulating the photoperiod, light intensity, ambient temperature, and duration of vernalization / low temperature treatment during the vernalization / low temperature treatment stage after wheat germination, as well as the photoperiod, light intensity, and ambient temperature during the growth and development stage, the flowering period of winter wheat and spring wheat can be promoted to meet and their growth cycle can be significantly shortened. This method can not only make the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat of different genetic backgrounds meet, breaking through the bottleneck that spring wheat and winter wheat are difficult to hybridize due to ecological remoteness, but also significantly shorten their growth cycle compared to the field.

[0031] 4. The present invention can basically ignore the degree of winter-spring nature of wheat, and effectively make the flowering periods of winter wheat and spring wheat with different spring-winter natures and spring-winter wheat varieties with different genetic backgrounds coincide; the vernalization / low-temperature treatment stage of the present invention can be completed by using an artificial climate box or a low-temperature plant incubator or a general freezer; the winter wheat and spring wheat of the present invention germinate, vernalize / low-temperature treat / transplant and culture at the same time, and the steps are simple, avoiding repeated operations; the present invention has high adaptability and flexible use, and can be used in an accelerated breeding platform and can also be used in the field under certain conditions; the method can effectively promote the growth and development of wheat, and compared with natural development, the present invention significantly shortens the wheat growth cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figures are the booting stage (A), heading stage (B) and flowering stage (C) of three kinds of spring wheat and three kinds of winter wheat in Example 1 of the present invention, as well as an enlarged view of the ear at the flowering stage (D);

[0033] Figure 2 The heading period (A) and flowering period (B) of two kinds of spring wheat and two kinds of winter wheat in Examples 2 to 5 of the present invention, as well as an enlarged view of the ear during the flowering period (C);

[0034] Figure 3 Spectra of LED top light sources in Examples 1 to 5. A. LED top light sources used in step (2) in Examples 1 to 5 (photosynthetic photon flux density: 200 μmol m -2 s -1 ), B. The LED top light source used in step (3) of Example 1 has a red-blue ratio of red light: blue light = 1:3 (photosynthetic photon flux density: 200 μmol m -2 s -1 ), C. LED top source white light used in Examples 2 to 5 (photosynthetic photon flux density: 200 μmol m -2 s -1 ) DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the test materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0037] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, they can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0038] The wheat varieties used in the examples specifically include the following types, all of which are fresh wheat varieties kept in the field of this laboratory.

[0039] Yangmai 158: Spring wheat, nationally approved wheat variety (GS02001-1997)

[0040] Zhengmai 9023: Spring wheat, nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally approved wheat 2003027)

[0041] Nanda 2419: Spring wheat, a nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally Approved Wheat 2018001), is one of the backbone parents of wheat breeding in my country;

[0042] Jimai 22: winter wheat, a nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally Approved Wheat 2006018), is one of the top ten key varieties in the National Crop Excellent Variety Promotion Catalogue (2023);

[0043] Luyuan 502: winter wheat, a nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally Approved Wheat 2011016), one of the top ten key varieties in the National Crop Variety Promotion Catalogue (2023);

[0044] Tobacco Farmer 999: Winter wheat, a nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally Approved Wheat 2016012), is one of the top 10 wheat varieties in terms of national promotion area in 2020 (5.02 million mu);

[0045] Zhongmai 578: winter wheat, nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally approved wheat 20210059);

[0046] Yangmai 25: Spring wheat, nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally approved wheat 2016003);

[0047] Yangmai 33: Spring wheat, nationally approved wheat variety (Nationally approved wheat 20210078);

[0048] Gaoyou 8901: Winter wheat, the first strong-gluten wheat variety in China with the largest promotion area, the most used by flour companies, and the earliest to replace imported ones.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] A breeding method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat to coincide with each other comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) Disinfection and germination: Three spring wheat varieties (Yangmai 158, Zhengmai 9023, and Nanda 2419) and three winter wheat varieties (Jimai 22, Luyuan 502, and Yannong 999) were disinfected at the same time. After the seeds were washed with 5% NaClO solution for 2 minutes, they were further washed with pure water for 5 times. Then, the above wheat varieties were placed separately in a moist culture dish with 5 layers of filter paper, and the wheat seeds were germinated in pure water until they were white.

[0052] (2) Low-temperature vernalization treatment: Spring wheat and winter wheat with the same germination in the culture dish were moved to a light incubator for low-temperature vernalization treatment. The temperature was set at 7°C, and the light was LED top light with a red-blue ratio of 1:3. The photoperiod was 22 h light / 2 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 200 μmol m -2 s -1 , the air humidity was 50%, pure water was applied to the roots every other day, and the low-temperature vernalization treatment time was 35 days;

[0053] (3) Transplantation and cultivation: Spring wheat and winter wheat that had undergone low-temperature vernalization were transplanted to the breeding acceleration platform for soil culture (the soil ratio was nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1), with 4 plants per pot (the pot was 9 cm*9 cm*9.5 cm (length*width*height), and each plant was evenly distributed on the edge of the pot). Six replicates were set for each variety of wheat, i.e., a total of 24 plants per variety. The ambient temperature was set at 22°C, and an LED top light source was used. The light quality was red light: blue light = 2:1. The photoperiod was 22 h light / 2 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 200 μmol m -2 s -1 , apply 1 / 4 Hogland nutrient solution to the roots every three days (300 mL for each variety at a time), and keep cutting off excess tillers until the wheat heads, leaving only 1 to 2 strong tillers per plant, with an air humidity of 50% and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450 ppm;

[0054] (4) Encountering the flowering period: In the breeding acceleration platform, Yangmai 158, Zhengmai 9023, Nanda 2419, Jimai 22, Luyuan 502, and Yannong 999 were cultivated for 31d, 31d, 32d, 31d, 33d, and 32d (i.e., 66DPG, 66DPG, 67DPG, 66DPG, 68DPG, and 67DPG), respectively, and entered the flowering period.

[0055] (Note: The definition of wheat flowering period refers to the period when more than 50% of the florets in the middle and upper parts of the wheat ears open and spread the anther powder.)

[0056] The three spring wheats and three winter wheats in Example 1 are shown in the booting stage (A), heading stage (B), flowering stage (C) and the magnified ear part of the flowering stage (D). Figure 1 shown.

[0057] The booting period, heading period and flowering period of three kinds of spring wheat and three kinds of winter wheat in Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0058] The time of each growth period was recorded as Days Post Germination (DPG).

[0059]

[0060] Table 1

[0061] Combination Figure 1 From Table 1, we can see that: the three spring wheats and the three winter wheats were all in the heading stage at 65 DPG; and all in the flowering stage at 68 DPG. Using the cultivation method of this embodiment, the flowering stages of the three spring wheats and the three winter wheats were all at 67±1 DPG. The reason for this result is the direct vernalization / cold treatment after germination. For winter wheat, meeting the spring flowering requirement is a necessary process for it to move from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. Low-temperature vernalization at 7°C for 35 days meets the vernalization low-temperature requirement of winter wheat, while the photoperiod of 22 h light / 2 h dark, 200 μmol m -2 s -1 High light intensity settings further accelerated the growth and development of winter wheat during the vernalization stage ( Figure 3 ), further shortening the starting point for the end of vernalization and entering the breeding acceleration platform. At the same time, spring wheat has no or weak vernalization requirements. Low temperature treatment at 7°C for 35 days delays the growth and development of spring wheat, delays its flowering period, and long-term low temperature makes its growth and development speed more consistent. The early flowering of winter wheat and the delayed flowering of winter wheat enable the two ecologically distant wheats to meet at the same time, thus achieving further hybridization. Whether it is spring wheat or winter wheat, the processing operation is the same and the method is simple.

[0062] Embodiment 2:

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wheat variety in step (1) is replaced with "winter wheat variety - Zhongmai 578", and at the same time, 18-20 wheat plants are planted in each pot in step (3) (the pot is 16*10 (diameter*height), and each plant is evenly distributed on the edge of the pot), and the light quality is white light. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0064] Embodiment 3:

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wheat variety in step (1) is replaced with "spring wheat variety - Yangmai 25", and at the same time, 18-20 wheat plants are planted in each pot in step (3) (the pot is 16*10 (diameter*height), and each plant is evenly distributed on the edge of the pot), and the light quality is white light. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0066] Embodiment 4:

[0067] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wheat variety in step (1) is replaced with "spring wheat variety - Yangmai 33", and at the same time, 18-20 wheat plants are planted in each pot in step (3) (the pot is 16*10 (diameter*height), and each plant is evenly distributed on the edge of the pot), and the light quality is white light. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0068] Embodiment 5:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wheat variety in step (1) is replaced with "winter wheat variety - Gaoyou 8901", and at the same time, in step (3), 18-20 wheat plants are planted in each pot (the pot is 16*10 (diameter*height), and each plant is evenly distributed on the edge of the pot), and the light quality is white light. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0070] In Examples 2 to 5, Zhongmai 578, Yangmai 25, Yangmai 33, and Gaoyou 8901 were cultured in the breeding acceleration platform for 29d, 28d, 27d, and 30d (i.e., 64DPG, 63DPG, 62DPG, and 65DPG), respectively, and entered the flowering stage.

[0071] The heading stage (A), flowering stage (B) and the enlarged view of the ear at the flowering stage (C) of the two spring wheats and two winter wheats in Examples 2 to 5 are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0072] The booting period, heading period and flowering period of the two spring wheats and two winter wheats in Examples 2 to 5 are shown in Table 2. The time of each growth period was recorded in days post germination (DPG).

[0073]

[0074] Table 2

[0075] Combination Figure 2 From Table 2, we can see that in Examples 2 to 5, the two spring wheats and two winter wheats were all in the heading stage at 60 DPG; and all in the flowering stage at 65 DPG. The flowering stage of the two spring wheats and two winter wheats was 63 ± 2 DPG. The further shortening of the flowering time compared with the wheat in Example 1 is due to the change in light quality during the transplanting and cultivation stage ( Figure 3), but it does not affect the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat. Therefore, the consistency of light quality and light intensity during the transplanting cultivation stage is an important step in the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat.

[0076] Embodiment 6:

[0077] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that: the transplanting to the breeding acceleration platform is replaced by "transplanting to field cultivation (Anhui, Hefei, Science Island experimental field), and managed according to normal field agronomic measures". The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0078] Embodiment 7:

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the transplanting to the breeding acceleration platform is replaced by "transplanting to field cultivation (Anhui, Hefei, Science Island experimental field), and managed according to normal field agronomic measures". The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0080] Embodiment 8:

[0081] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that the transplanting to the breeding acceleration platform is replaced by "transplanting to field cultivation (Anhui, Hefei, Science Island experimental field), and managed according to normal field agronomic measures". The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0082] Embodiment 9:

[0083] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the transplanting to the breeding acceleration platform is replaced by "transplanting to field cultivation (Anhui, Hefei, Science Island experimental field), and managed according to normal field agronomic measures". The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0084] In Examples 6 to 9, Zhongmai 578, Yangmai 25, Yangmai 33, and Gaoyou 8901 were cultivated in the field for 36 d, 34 d, 33 d, and 38 d (i.e., 71 DPG, 69 DPG, 68 DPG, and 73 DPG), respectively, and entered the flowering stage.

[0085] The booting period, heading period and flowering period of the two kinds of spring wheat and the two kinds of winter wheat in Examples 6 to 9 are shown in Table 3.

[0086] The time of each growth period was recorded as Days Post Germination (DPG).

[0087]

[0088] Table 3

[0089] In the field environment, the flowering period of the two spring wheats and two winter wheats in Examples 6 to 9 was 70±3DPG. The longer flowering period than that of the wheat in Example 1 was due to the uncontrollable light and temperature during the transplanting and cultivation stage in the field. The photoperiod under natural field conditions was shorter than that under the indoor breeding acceleration platform, but it did not affect the consistent flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat.

[0090] A total of 5 spring wheats and 5 winter wheats were selected for the experiment. The selected varieties were mainly composed of national approved varieties, including large-scale promotion varieties and special varieties. The experimental results all verified the efficiency and scientificity of the present invention. The present invention can effectively and conveniently make the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat meet, and significantly shorten the growth and development cycle of wheat.

[0091] Embodiment 10:

[0092] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0093] In step (2), the temperature of the low-temperature vernalization treatment was set to 3°C, the photoperiod was 23.5 h light / 0.5 h dark, and the light intensity was set to 100 μmol m -2 s -1 , the air humidity was 60%, and the low-temperature vernalization treatment time was 43 days;

[0094] In step (3), the temperature was set at 25°C, the photoperiod was 20 h light / 4 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 600 μmol m -2 s -1 ; 500mL of nutrient solution was applied, the air humidity was 60%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was 550ppm.

[0095] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Embodiment 11:

[0097] In step (2), the temperature of the low-temperature vernalization treatment was set to 14°C, the photoperiod was 18 h light / 6 h dark, and the light intensity was set to 300 μmol m -2 s -1 , the air humidity was 85%, and the low-temperature vernalization treatment time was 28 days;

[0098] In step (3), the temperature was set at 20°C, the photoperiod was 24 h light / 0 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 1200 μmol m -2 s -1 ; 250mL of nutrient solution was applied, the air humidity was 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was 1050ppm.

[0099] The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0100] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat to coincide with each other, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Disinfection and germination: After disinfecting the spring wheat and winter wheat seeds, they are placed in moist culture dishes for seed germination until they are white; (2) Low-temperature vernalization treatment: The germinated spring wheat and winter wheat seeds were moved to a light incubator for low-temperature vernalization treatment. The temperature of the low-temperature vernalization treatment was set at 3-14°C, the photoperiod was 18-23.5 h light / 6-0.5 h dark, and the light intensity was set at 100-300 μmol m -2 s -1 , the air humidity is 50-85%, and the time of low-temperature vernalization treatment is 28-43 days; (3) Transplantation and cultivation: The spring wheat and winter wheat that had been subjected to low-temperature vernalization were transplanted to a breeding acceleration platform for soil culture. The temperature of the breeding acceleration platform was set at 20-25°C, the photoperiod was 20-24h light / 4-0h dark, and the light intensity was set at 200-1200 μmol m -2 s -1 , until the wheat heads, keep cutting off the extra tillers, leaving only 1 to 2 strong tillers per plant, the air humidity is 50 to 85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 450 to 1050 ppm; or Transplant the spring wheat and winter wheat that have been vernalized to a field where the average daily temperature is between 18 and 32 degrees Celsius within 50 days after transplanting and manage them according to normal field agronomic measures. (5) Encounter during the flowering period: Spring wheat and winter wheat transplanted to the breeding acceleration platform can achieve flowering time after 23 to 45 days of cultivation; Spring wheat and winter wheat transplanted to the field for cultivation can achieve flowering period after 25 to 50 days of cultivation.

2. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), spring wheat includes spring wheat and weak spring wheat; winter wheat includes strong winter wheat, winter wheat and semi-winter wheat.

3. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the disinfection treatment is specifically as follows: washing the wheat seeds with a 3-10% NaClO solution for 1-3 minutes, and then washing them with pure water for 4-5 times.

4. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the ratio of the soil in the soil culture hole is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 1-2:0.5-1:0.25-1.

5. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting for the low-temperature vernalization treatment in step (2) and the lighting for the cultivation in the breeding acceleration platform in step (2) are all any one of LED light sources: cold / warm white light, blue spectrum monochromatic light, red spectrum monochromatic light, and composite light with a red:blue ratio of 1-3:1-5.

6. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the low-temperature vernalization treatment, pure water is applied to the roots once every other day every week. The amount of pure water applied in the culture dish with qualitative filter paper is to keep the filter paper moist all the time; the amount of pure water applied in the culture hole with soil is to keep the soil moist all the time.

7. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the cultivation in the breeding acceleration platform can be carried out by hydroponics or soil culture, wherein the concentration of the nutrient solution for hydroponics is maintained at 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 Hogland nutrient solution; the soil ratio for soil culture is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 1 to 2: 0.5 to 1: 0.25 to 1.

8. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 Hogland nutrient solution is added every three days. For hydroponic culture, new nutrient solution is added to the culture box; for soil culture, nutrient solution is applied to the roots.

9. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal field agronomic management in step (3) refers to the normal application of base fertilizer in the soil and the normal application of fertilizer and water during the corresponding growth period.

10. The method for promoting the flowering period of spring wheat and winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), a 7-day sunshade net is installed for protection during field cultivation, and the sunshade net is removed after 7 days.

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