Cultivation method for accelerating tillering regulation in wheat growth and development process

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for accelerating tillering regulation in the wheat growth and development process, and belongs to the technical field of wheat rapid breeding. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1, seed pretreatment: selecting full wheat seeds with the same size, performing surface disinfection treatment, then placing the seeds in a culture dish filled with filter paper, and placing the culture dish in an incubator to germinate until white buds appear; 2, planting and culturing: planting wheat seeds with white buds into a planting pot, culturing, and regulating and controlling wheat tillering and grain number per ear by controlling illumination intensity and long photoperiod and irrigating Hoagland nutrient solution. The method has the advantages that the tillering number and the harvest index of the wheat can be effectively controlled, and the method has wide application prospects and is particularly suitable for wheat breeding and cultivation research. According to the method, by adjusting the light intensity and the nutrient solution concentration in the culture conditions, important technical support is provided for accelerating wheat growth, increasing the yield and optimizing cultivation management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat rapid breeding, and in particular relates to regulating tillering and accelerating growth and development of wheat by regulating light intensity and nutrient solution concentration. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its yield has a significant impact on global food security. The tillering ability of wheat is one of the three factors that affect wheat yield. Tillers are lateral branches produced by wheat during the vegetative growth stage, and the growth of lateral branches directly determines the ratio of the number of effective wheat spikes. Too many ineffective tillers will consume a lot of nutrients, which is not conducive to the increase of final yield. Even in an environment of artificial precision control, the growth and development speed of wheat will be delayed. Therefore, reasonable regulation of the number of tillers of wheat is the key to achieving high yield and acceleration.

[0003] In traditional wheat breeding and cultivation techniques, methods for regulating wheat tillering mainly include variety selection, sowing density control, fertilizer management and water regulation. However, these methods have received little attention in the application of indoor accelerated wheat breeding, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal regulation effect. With the development of modern agricultural technology, light environment and nutrition management have gradually become important means of regulating plant growth, especially in controlled environments such as plant factories and greenhouses. The effects of light intensity and nutrition on wheat tillering and growth and development have received more and more attention.

[0004] Studies have shown that different light conditions have a significant effect on the tillering formation and growth rate of wheat. In particular, the combined regulation of light intensity and photoperiod can accelerate or delay the tillering and growth process of wheat. For example, under conditions of high light intensity and long photoperiod, the growth and development rate of wheat is significantly accelerated, but too fast growth will accelerate the tillering process, reduce the number of effective ears and the final yield. In contrast, moderate light intensity and a reasonable photoperiod combination can promote balanced tillering development, increase biomass accumulation and final yield.

[0005] The composition and concentration of the nutrient solution directly affect the nutrient supply of the plant and are important regulatory factors for plant growth. In an accelerated wheat environment, adequate nutrient supply is particularly critical, which helps to promote the occurrence and growth of tillers in a short period of time. Studies have found that nutrient solutions with appropriate concentrations can promote the quantity and quality of wheat tillers, but excessive nutrient concentrations may lead to excess nutrition, inhibit the growth of the main stem, and may cause early aging. In an accelerated environment, appropriate nutrient solution concentrations and reasonable nutrient ratios are essential for achieving balanced development of tillers and accelerating wheat growth.

[0006] At present, the research on wheat tillering is mainly regulated by controlling wheat tillering genes. For example, the Chinese patent application document with publication number CN118531003A discloses the TaNTA-4B gene. Overexpression of the gene will increase the tillering angle of wheat plants and reduce plant height. The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN113846120A discloses the TaTIN103 gene. By reducing its expression or activity, the number of tillers is significantly reduced. However, there are few reports on the related research on the number of wheat tillers under controlled environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the problem that the number of wheat tillers is difficult to regulate and the number of obtained ear grains is small.

[0008] The present invention provides a cultivation method for accelerating the regulation of tillering during the growth and development of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select full and uniform-sized wheat seeds, disinfect their surfaces, and then place the seeds in a culture dish filled with soaked filter paper and place them in an incubator to germinate until they turn white;

[0010] (2) Planting and cultivation: The whitened wheat seeds in (1) were planted in planting pots and cultivated. - 2 s - 1. The tillering and the number of grains per ear of wheat are regulated by light intensity, long photoperiod and watering with Hoagland nutrient solution; the concentration of the Hoagland nutrient solution is above 40-60% (v / v); the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = (3-5): (1-3): (0.5-1.5).

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the wheat includes spring wheat and winter wheat; the spring wheat includes Zhenmai 13, and the winter wheat includes Jimai 22.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the disinfection treatment is specifically to soak the wheat seeds in a 1-2% (v / v) hydrogen peroxide solution for 20-40 minutes, shake them every 5-10 minutes, then pour out the solution and rinse them with clean water for 3-5 times. (Ensure that the disinfection promotes seed germination at the same time.)

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the planting pot is in the shape of a truncated regular quadrangular pyramid and has a water absorption hole at the bottom.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite:perlite=4:2:0.8.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the planting pot planted with wheat is placed under lighting conditions at a distance of 0.8 to 1.2 meters from the light board for cultivation.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the long photoperiod refers to 16 to 22 hours of light / 8 to 2 hours of darkness.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the culture is carried out using LED white spectrum.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the Hoagland nutrient solution is used for irrigation 1 to 3 times a week, with 1 to 3 L each time.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), the culture environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20-26° C., a relative humidity of 50-85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450-2000 ppm.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), spring wheat can be directly planted in a planting pot; while winter wheat is first cultured in a vernalization incubator at 2 to 13° C. for 14 to 35 days to complete the vernalization process before planting.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention proposes a cultivation method for accelerating the tillering of wheat during its growth and development. On the basis of controlling the culture environment (temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration), the light intensity, long photoperiod and nutrient absorption (soil ratio and nutrient solution for irrigation) are further regulated to regulate the tillering of wheat, thereby regulating the number of grains per ear of wheat. The effective tillering of wheat is effectively increased in the environmental control system, and its growth and development rate is improved. It has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of wheat tillering conditions of Zhenmai 13 in Example 1 (A) and Comparative Example 1 (C) of the present invention and Jimai 22 in Example 12 (B) and Comparative Example 2 (D) on the 40th day after germination;

[0024] Figure 2 The network diagram is a correlation coefficient between Zhenmai 13 (B) in Example 1 of the present invention and Jimai 22 (A) in Example 12 and the number of wheat tillers and the number of effective tillers under different light intensities;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the growth and development status of wheat in different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution when Zhenmai 13 wheat is cultured in an accelerated environment for 40 days (upper) and 55 days (lower) in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4This is a heat map of the correlation between the number of tillers, the number of effective tillers and the number of grains per ear of Zhenmai 13 wheat under the treatment of different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the test materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0029] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, they can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] A cultivation method for accelerating the regulation of tillering during the growth and development of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select full and uniform-sized Zhenmai 13 spring wheat seeds, perform surface disinfection (specifically, the disinfection treatment includes soaking the wheat seeds in a 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes, shaking them every 8 minutes, then pouring out the solution and rinsing them with clean water for 4 times to ensure disinfection and promote seed germination), then place the seeds in a culture dish filled with soaked filter paper and place them in an incubator at 24°C to germinate until they turn white;

[0033] (2) Planting and cultivation: The whitened wheat seeds in (1) were planted in planting pots (the planting pots were truncated regular quadrangular pyramids with water absorption holes at the bottom; the soil ratio in the planting pots was nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:0.8, and the planting pots were placed at a distance of 1.0 m from the light board for cultivation). Nine wheat plants were randomly selected and cultured under 200 μmol·m - 2 s - The tillering and ear number of wheat were counted under 1 light intensity, LED white spectrum, and long photoperiod (photoperiod 22h light / 2h dark); 50% (v / v) Hoagland nutrient solution was irrigated 2L / week (2 times a week) at the same time. The culture environment was a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 24°C, a relative humidity of 63%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 860ppm.

[0034] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 87 tillers, an average of 9.67 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3 per plant. When harvested at maturity, the total number of grains per ear was 708, an average of 78.67 grains per plant.

[0035] Embodiment 2:

[0036] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the concentration of Hoagland's nutrient solution is 40% (v / v), and the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0037] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 58 tillers, an average of 6.44 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 per plant. When harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 572, an average of 63.56 grains per plant.

[0038] Embodiment 3:

[0039] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the concentration of Hoagland's nutrient solution is 60% (v / v), and the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0040] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 75 tillers, an average of 8.33 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 per plant. When harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 620, an average of 68.89 grains per plant.

[0041] Embodiment 4:

[0042] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the light intensity is 150 μmol·m - 2 s - 1, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 36 tillers, an average of 4 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 per plant. When harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 527, an average of 58.56 per plant.

[0044] Embodiment 5:

[0045] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the light intensity is 250 μmol·m - 2 s - 1, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 63 tillers, an average of 7 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.67 per plant. When harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 603, an average of 67 per plant.

[0047] Embodiment 6:

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite

[0049] =3:1:0.5, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 72 tillers, an average of 8 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.33 per plant. When harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 588, an average of 65.33 grains per plant.

[0051] Embodiment 7:

[0052] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite

[0053] =5:3:1.5, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 91 tillers, an average of 10.11 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 per plant, and when harvested, the total number of grains per ear was 532, an average of 59.11 grains per plant.

[0055] Embodiment 8:

[0056] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the culture environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20° C., a relative humidity of 85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450 ppm, and the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0057] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 45 tillers, an average of 5 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.22 per plant.

[0058] When harvested at maturity, the total number of grains per ear was 452, with an average of 50.22 grains per plant.

[0059] Embodiment 9:

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the culture environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 26° C., a relative humidity of 50%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2000 ppm, and the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0061] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 97 tillers, an average of 10.78 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3.11 per plant. On the 68th day of cultivation, the total number of grains per ear was 621, an average of 69 grains per plant.

[0062] Embodiment 10:

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that 1 L of Hoagland nutrient solution is used per week (irrigation is performed 3 times per week), and the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0064] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 95 tillers, an average of 10.56 tillers per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 3.11 per plant. On the 80th day of cultivation, the total number of grains per ear was 700, an average of 77.78 grains per plant.

[0065] Embodiment 11:

[0066] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that 3 L of Hoagland nutrient solution is used per week (irrigation is done once a week), and the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0067] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 90 tillers, an average of 10 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2.89 per plant. On the 80th day of cultivation, the total number of grains per ear was 688, an average of 76.44 grains per plant.

[0068] Embodiment 12:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the Zhenmai 13 spring wheat seeds are replaced with "Jimai 22 winter wheat seeds", and a vernalization treatment is performed before planting in step (2), specifically, Jimai 22 is cultured in a vernalization incubator at 10° C. for 28 days. The rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0070] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Jimai 22 winter wheat tillered, with a total of 63 tillers, an average of 7 per plant (including the main stem). The average number of effective tillers was 2 per plant. At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 498, with an average of 55.33 grains per ear per plant.

[0071] Comparative Example 1:

[0072] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the Hogland nutrient solution is not watered, and the nutrient solution is replaced by clean water, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0073] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, only two ineffective tillers were produced in the 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat, and the growth and development speed of their main stems was relatively fast and had entered the booting stage. Figure 1 At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 150, and the average number of grains per ear was 16.67 per plant.

[0074] Comparative Example 2:

[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 12 is that the Hoagland nutrient solution was not used, and clean water was used instead of the nutrient solution. The rest is the same as Example 12.

[0076] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, only two ineffective tillers were produced in the nine Jimai 22 winter wheat plants, and the main stems grew and developed rapidly, and had entered the booting stage. Figure 1 At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 117, and the average number of grains per ear was 13 per plant.

[0077] Comparative Example 3:

[0078] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the concentration of Hoagland's nutrient solution is 25%, and the rest is the same as embodiment 1.

[0079] Experimental results: On the 40th day of cultivation, 9 plants of Zhenmai 13 spring wheat tillered, with a total of 42 tillers, an average of 4.67 tillers, and an average of 2 effective tillering ears. On the 55th day of cultivation, all were in a full grain filling state. Figure 3 At the final harvest, the total number of grains per ear was 495, and the average number of grains per ear was 55 per plant.

[0080] from Figure 2 It can be seen that the correlation coefficients between the tiller number and the effective tiller number of Jimai 22 and the light intensity are 0.5238 and 0.4469, respectively, showing a strong positive correlation. In contrast, the correlation between the tiller number and the effective tiller number of Zhenmai 13 and the light intensity is weaker, with correlation coefficients of 0.2014 and 0.0628, respectively; but there is a strong positive correlation between the tiller number and the effective tiller number of Zhenmai 13, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8189. Therefore, by adjusting the culture conditions such as light intensity, the tiller number and the effective tiller number of different wheat varieties can be properly controlled.

[0081] from Figure 4 It can be seen that the concentration of nutrient solution is strongly correlated with the number of tillers, effective tillers and average number of grains per ear of Zhenmai 13 wheat, with correlation coefficients as high as 0.8045, 0.9424 and 0.902, respectively. At the same time, there is a significant positive correlation between these three indicators. Therefore, according to different research objectives, the tiller number and harvest index of Zhenmai 13 can be effectively controlled by adjusting the concentration of nutrient solution.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for accelerating the regulation of tillering during the growth and development of wheat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seed pretreatment: Select full and uniform-sized wheat seeds, disinfect their surfaces, and then place the seeds in a culture dish filled with soaked filter paper and place them in an incubator to germinate until they turn white; (2) Planting and cultivation: The whitened wheat seeds in (1) were planted in planting pots and cultivated. - 2 s - 1. The tillering and the number of grains per ear of wheat are regulated by light intensity, long photoperiod and watering with Hoagland nutrient solution; the concentration of the Hoagland nutrient solution is above 40% (v / v); the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = (3-5): (1-3): (0.5-1.5).

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the wheat includes spring wheat and winter wheat; the spring wheat includes Zhenmai 13, and the winter wheat includes Jimai 22.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the disinfection treatment specifically includes soaking the wheat seeds in a 1-2% (v / v) hydrogen peroxide solution for 20-40 minutes, shaking the seeds every 5-10 minutes, then pouring out the solution and rinsing the seeds with clean water for 3-5 times.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the culture environment is a greenhouse environment with a temperature of 20-26° C., a relative humidity of 50-85%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 450-2000 ppm.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the planting pot is in the shape of a truncated regular quadrangular pyramid and has a water absorption hole at the bottom.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the soil ratio in the planting pot is nutrient soil: vermiculite: perlite = 4:2:0.

8.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the planting pot planted with wheat is placed under lighting conditions at a distance of 0.8 to 1.2 meters from the light board for cultivation.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the long photoperiod refers to 16 to 22 hours of light / 8 to 2 hours of darkness.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the Hoagland nutrient solution is used for irrigation 1 to 3 times a week, with 1 to 3 L each time.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), spring wheat can be directly planted in a planting pot; while winter wheat is first cultured in a vernalization incubator at 2 to 13° C. for 14 to 35 days to complete the vernalization process before planting.

Images