Dry farming and direct seeding planting method for rice

Abstract

The invention relates to a dry-farming direct-seeding planting method for rice, and belongs to the technical field of planting, the provided dry-farming direct-seeding planting method for rice can be applied to high-salt low-yield fields, water can be saved, the seedling survival rate, the plant height and the tiller number of rice can be remarkably increased, meanwhile, the salt content of soil under a film can be reduced, and rice growth is facilitated. The biodegradable mulching film used in the invention has excellent mechanical properties, can be directly covered by a machine, and is biodegradable, free of recovery and harmless to soil. In addition, due to the addition of the maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, the mulching film has the characteristic of rapid heat absorption, so that the soil temperature can be rapidly increased. Plant ash can be used as a fertilizer, and the production cost of the mulching film is reduced. In addition, the iron ions can replace sodium ions on the surface of soil colloid to reduce the saline-alkaline property of the soil, and the iron ions can interact with clay minerals and organic matters in the soil to form compounds or aggregates, so that the soil structure is improved, and the porosity and the air permeability of the soil are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and in particular relates to a method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main food crops in my country. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with climate change and the increasing water consumption in industry and cities, drought resistance, water conservation, weight loss, high yield and high efficiency cultivation have become the development trend of modern agriculture. Dryland direct seeding of rice is a water-saving rice planting method. At present, dryland direct seeding of rice mainly includes bare land direct seeding, film-covered direct seeding, film-covered drip irrigation direct seeding and other cultivation modes. Among them, dryland direct seeding of rice with film-covered drip irrigation is a water-saving crop cultivation technology that combines drip irrigation technology with crop film-covered cultivation technology, which can save water, reduce weight, increase yield and increase efficiency.

[0003] Agricultural mulch generally refers to agricultural film. Mulch plays a very important role in moisture retention and heat preservation during the sowing period. It has become the fourth important material for agricultural production after seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. With the increase in the demand for the use of agricultural mulch, the amount of residual mulch has also increased accordingly. However, most of the mulch currently used is made of linear low-density polyethylene, which cannot be degraded in the environment and can exist in the soil for hundreds of years. With the increase in the number of years of film laying, the soil structure is severely damaged, resulting in a series of problems such as soil compaction, difficulty in farming, and decreased crop yields. Biodegradable mulch has received widespread attention due to its biodegradable properties. However, compared with polyethylene mulch, biodegradable mulch has a higher cost and poorer mechanical properties, which limits the widespread application of biodegradable mulch. Therefore, it is an urgent need to provide a biodegradable mulch that can solve the above problems, and use the biodegradable mulch to provide a water-saving and high-yield rice planting method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming. The method can be applied in high-salt and low-yield fields, can save water and significantly improve the survival rate of rice seedlings, plant height and tiller number, and can also reduce the salt content of soil under the film, which is conducive to rice growth.

[0005] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: how to carry out dryland direct seeding of rice, and how to reduce the cost of biodegradable mulch and improve the mechanical properties of the biodegradable mulch.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Level the land and divide it into ridges with a width of 1m;

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the soil salt content of the land is ≥ 0.4%.

[0010] S2, level two drip irrigation belts and place them in the ridge, with each drip irrigation belt 30 cm away from the adjacent ridge;

[0011] S3. Cover the ridge with a 1m wide mulch film and compact the edges of the mulch film with soil. The width of the soil covering the mulch film shall not exceed 15cm.

[0012] S4. Place one end of the main water pipe in the bed in a direction perpendicular to the drip irrigation belt, and connect the main pipe and the drip irrigation belt with a joint; connect the other end to the booster pump placed in the water source; after power on, check the connection of the drip irrigation system and repair water leakage, etc.

[0013] S5. After the drip irrigation system is built, take the two drip irrigation belts under the membrane as the center, and make holes in the membrane 9 cm away from the drip irrigation belts in sequence along the direction of the drip irrigation belts. The hole diameter is 3 cm and the hole spacing is 9 cm.

[0014] S6. Use a special seeder for dryland rice for sowing. After sowing, irrigate once every 5 days in the first 2 months, each irrigation lasts 2 hours, and the water consumption is 4 tons / mu / time; in the third and fourth months, irrigate once every 3 days, each irrigation lasts 4 hours, and the water consumption is 9.5 tons / mu / time; in the fifth month, irrigate once every 10 days, each irrigation lasts 4 hours, and the water consumption is 10 tons / mu / time.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S6, the sowing amount is 3 jin / mu.

[0016] Furthermore, rice is planted in a wide and narrow row structure, with a wide row spacing of 22 cm, a narrow row spacing of 18 cm, and a plant spacing of 9 cm. A drip branch pipe is set between every two rows, and the drip branch pipe is supplied with water from the main water pipe. The main water pipe has a diameter of 63 mm and a pressure of 0.45 kg; the drip branch pipe is a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation belt with a diameter of 16 mm, a wall thickness of 0.2 mm, a hole spacing of 200 mm, and a flow rate of 1.8 L / H per water outlet.

[0017] Furthermore, no chemical fertilizer is used during sowing, and water and fertilizer are integrated afterwards, using bacterial fertilizer, potassium humate water-soluble fertilizer, and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer to ensure the nutrition required by rice for a season, and precise fertilizer application is carried out at regular intervals and in fixed quantities according to the different growth cycles of rice.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for preparing the ground film in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0019] A1. Dissolve maleic anhydride in toluene, then add carbon black and stir evenly to obtain a suspension; boil the suspension under reflux for 12-18 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black;

[0020] Furthermore, in step A1, the usage ratio of maleic anhydride, toluene and carbon black is (1.8-2.2) g: (200-250) mL: (9.5-10) g.

[0021] A2, adding plant ash to sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 2-6 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified plant ash;

[0022] Furthermore, in step A2, the mass ratio of wood ash to sulfuric acid is (90-100):(0.4-0.8).

[0023] Furthermore, in step A2, the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1-4 mol / L.

[0024] A3. PPC, PBAT, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified plant ash, epoxy chain extender, light stabilizer, metal salt and opening agent are mixed, granulated by twin-screw extrusion, and blow-molded to obtain ground film.

[0025] Furthermore, in step A3, the metal salt includes at least one of ferric acetate and ferric sulfate.

[0026] Furthermore, in step A3, the light stabilizer includes at least one of light stabilizer 1577, light stabilizer 119, light stabilizer 944, and light stabilizer 622.

[0027] Furthermore, in step A3, the opening agent includes at least one of erucamide and pentaerythritol stearate.

[0028] Furthermore, in step A3, the mass ratio of PBAT, PPC, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified plant ash, epoxy chain extender, light stabilizer, metal salt and opening agent is (75-90): (10-20): (10-15): (3-8): (0.5-0.9): (0.3-0.9): (0.3-1.2): (0.5-1).

[0029] Further, in step A3, the epoxy chain extender includes ADR-4400 or ADR-4468.

[0030] In the above preparation process, maleic anhydride and carbon black are reacted to introduce carboxyl functional groups on the surface of carbon black. The addition of maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black enables the ground film to have rapid heat absorption characteristics, thereby quickly increasing the soil temperature. The present invention uses sulfuric acid to treat plant ash, which can corrode the surface of plant ash and introduce reactive groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of plant ash. Plant ash can be used as a fertilizer and reduce the production cost of the ground film. The epoxy group of the epoxy chain extender can react with the terminal carboxyl or terminal hydroxyl of PBAT and PPC to open the ring, thereby improving the compatibility of PBAT and PPC. At the same time, the epoxy group of the epoxy chain extender can also react with the carboxyl groups on the maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black and the modified plant ash to open the ring, thereby promoting the uniform dispersion of carbon black and plant ash in the ground film and further improving the cross-linking density of the ground film. The iron ions in the metal salt can react with the carboxyl groups of other components to further improve the cross-linking density of the ground film. Through the synergistic effect of the above components, the mechanical properties of the ground film are improved. In addition, iron ions can replace sodium ions on the surface of soil colloids, reducing soil salinity and alkalinity. Iron ions can also interact with clay minerals and organic matter in the soil to form complexes or aggregates, improve soil structure, and increase soil porosity and air permeability.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] (1) In the technical solution of the present invention, the dryland direct seeding method of rice provided can be applied in high-salt and low-yield fields, which can save water and significantly improve the survival rate of rice seedlings, plant height and tiller number. At the same time, it can also reduce the salt content of the soil under the film, which is conducive to rice growth.

[0033] (2) In the technical solution of the present invention, the prepared ground film is biodegradable and has excellent mechanical properties. At the same time, the ground film can be directly coated by a machine. The ground film is biodegradable and does not require recycling, and is harmless to the soil.

[0034] (3) In the technical solution of the present invention, the addition of maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black in the prepared ground film enables the ground film to have rapid heat absorption characteristics, thereby quickly increasing the soil temperature. Plant ash can be used as a fertilizer, while reducing the production cost of the ground film. In addition, iron ions can replace sodium ions on the surface of soil colloids to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity, and iron ions can also interact with clay minerals and organic matter in the soil to form complexes or aggregates, improve soil structure, and increase soil porosity and air permeability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is an example of direct seeding of dryland rice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a ground film, comprising the following steps:

[0039] A1. Dissolve 1.8 kg of maleic anhydride in 200 L of toluene, then add 9.5 kg of carbon black, and stir evenly to obtain a suspension; boil the suspension under reflux for 12 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filter, wash, and dry to obtain maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black;

[0040] A2. Adding plant ash into sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified plant ash; wherein the mass ratio of plant ash to sulfuric acid is 90:0.4, and the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1 mol / L;

[0041] A3. PPC, PBAT, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4400, light stabilizer 1577, ferric acetate and erucamide are mixed, granulated by twin-screw extrusion, and blow molded to obtain a mulch film; the mass ratio of PBAT, PPC, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4400, light stabilizer 1577, ferric acetate and erucamide is 75:20:10:3:0.5:0.3:0.3:0.5.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a ground film, comprising the following steps:

[0044] A1. Dissolve 2 kg of maleic anhydride in 220 L of toluene, then add 9.8 kg of carbon black and stir evenly to obtain a suspension; boil the suspension under reflux for 15 h. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black;

[0045] A2. Adding plant ash into sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 4 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified plant ash; wherein the mass ratio of plant ash to sulfuric acid is 100:0.6, and the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 2 mol / L;

[0046] A3. PPC, PBAT, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4400, light stabilizer 119, ferric sulfate and erucamide are mixed, granulated by twin-screw extrusion, and blow molded to obtain a mulch film; the mass ratio of PBAT, PPC, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4400, light stabilizer 119, ferric sulfate and erucamide is 82:16:12:5:0.7:0.5:0.6:0.7.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a ground film, comprising the following steps:

[0049] A1. Dissolve 2.2 kg of maleic anhydride in 250 L of toluene, then add 10 kg of carbon black and stir evenly to obtain a suspension; boil the suspension under reflux for 18 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black;

[0050] A2. Adding plant ash into sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 6 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified plant ash; wherein the mass ratio of plant ash to sulfuric acid is 100:0.8, and the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 3 mol / L;

[0051] A3. PPC, PBAT, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4468, light stabilizer 944, ferric sulfate and pentaerythritol stearate are mixed, granulated by twin-screw extrusion, and blow molded to obtain a mulch film; the mass ratio of PBAT, PPC, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified wood ash, ADR-4468, light stabilizer 944, ferric sulfate and pentaerythritol stearate is 90:10:15:8:0.9:9:1.2:1.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] Compared with Example 1, the carbon black in Comparative Example 1 is not modified, and the other steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] Compared with Example 1, the wood ash in Comparative Example 2 was not modified, and the other steps and raw materials were the same as those in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 3

[0057] Compared with Example 1, no ferric acetate was added in Comparative Example 3, and other steps and raw materials were the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. Select land from Haixing County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, level the land, and divide the leveled land into ridges with a ridge width of 1m;

[0061] S2, level two drip irrigation belts and place them in the ridge, with each drip irrigation belt 30 cm away from the adjacent ridge;

[0062] S3, cover the furrow with the ground film prepared in Example 2 with a width of 1 m, compact the edge of the ground film with soil, and the width of the ground film covered by soil shall not exceed 15 cm;

[0063] S4. Place one end of the main water pipe in the bed in a direction perpendicular to the drip irrigation belt, and connect the main pipe and the drip irrigation belt with a joint; connect the other end to the booster pump placed in the water source; after power on, check the connection of the drip irrigation system and repair water leakage, etc.

[0064] S5. After the drip irrigation system is built, take the two drip irrigation belts under the membrane as the center, and make holes in the membrane 9 cm away from the drip irrigation belts in sequence along the direction of the drip irrigation belts. The hole diameter is 3 cm and the hole spacing is 9 cm.

[0065] S6. Sowing Liaoyou No. 7 using a special seeder for dryland rice, sowing on May 26, after sowing, irrigate once every 5 days for 2 hours each time, with a water consumption of 4 tons / mu·time in the first 2 months; irrigate once every 3 days for 4 hours each time in the third and fourth months, with a water consumption of 9.5 tons / mu·time; irrigate once every 10 days in the fifth month, with 4 hours each time, with a water consumption of 10 tons / mu·time; the sowing amount is 3 jin / mu;

[0066] Rice planting adopts wide and narrow row structure, with wide row spacing of 22cm, narrow row spacing of 18cm, and plant spacing of 9cm. A drip irrigation branch pipe is set between every two rows, and the drip irrigation branch pipe is supplied by the main water pipe. The main water pipe has a diameter of 64mm and a pressure of 0.5kg; the drip irrigation branch pipe is a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation belt with a diameter of 16mm, a wall thickness of 0.2mm, a hole spacing of 200mm, and a flow rate of 1.8L / H per water outlet.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] Compared with Example 4, the ground film in Comparative Example 4 is replaced by the ground film prepared in Comparative Example 3, and the other steps and raw materials are the same as those in Example 4.

[0069] Performance Testing

[0070] Table 1

[0071] project Tensile strength / MPa Elongation at break / % Example 1 27.3 759 Example 2 28.8 794 Example 3 28.2 782 Comparative Example 1 23.6 657 Comparative Example 2 25.9 713 Comparative Example 3 22.8 589

[0072] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the ground film prepared by the present invention has excellent mechanical properties.

[0073] Table 2

[0074] project Seedling survival rate / % Plant height / cm Tillering number / piece / hole <![CDATA[Water consumption / m 3 / mu]]> Example 4 93.7 81.3 10.6 285 Comparative Example 4 91.6 79.7 10.2 297

[0075] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the planting method provided by the present invention has a high survival rate of rice seedlings, a high plant height and a high number of tillers, and at the same time, a low water consumption, which can save water.

[0076] Table 3

[0077]

[0078] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that the planting method provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil under the film. It can be seen from the data of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 that adding iron sulfate to the ground film can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil under the film.

[0079] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0080] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Level the land and divide it into ridges with a width of 1m; S2, level two drip irrigation belts and place them in the ridge, with each drip irrigation belt 30 cm away from the adjacent ridge; S3. Cover the ridge with a 1m wide mulch film and compact the edges of the mulch film with soil. The width of the soil covering the mulch film shall not exceed 15cm. S4. Place one end of the main water pipe in the bed in a direction perpendicular to the drip irrigation belt, and connect the main pipe and the drip irrigation belt with a joint; connect the other end to the booster pump placed in the water source; after power on, check the connection of the drip irrigation system and repair water leakage, etc. S5. After the drip irrigation system is built, take the two drip irrigation belts under the membrane as the center, and make holes in the membrane 9 cm away from the drip irrigation belts in sequence along the direction of the drip irrigation belts. The hole diameter is 3 cm and the hole spacing is 9 cm. S6, using a special seeder for dryland rice to sow, after sowing, in the first 2 months, irrigate once every 5 days, each irrigation lasts 2 hours, and the water consumption is 4 tons / mu·time; in the third and fourth months, irrigate once every 3 days, each irrigation lasts 4 hours, and the water consumption is 9.5 tons / mu·time; in the fifth month, irrigate once every 10 days, each irrigation lasts 4 hours, and the water consumption is 10 tons / mu·time. In the step S3, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified plant ash and metal salt are added to the mulch film.

2. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the sowing amount is 3 jin / mu.

3. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for preparing the ground film comprises the following steps: A1. Dissolve maleic anhydride in toluene, then add carbon black and stir evenly to obtain a suspension; boil the suspension under reflux for 12-18 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black; A2, adding plant ash to sulfuric acid solution, stirring for 2-6 hours, filtering and drying to obtain modified plant ash; A3. PPC, PBAT, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified plant ash, epoxy chain extender, light stabilizer, metal salt and opening agent are mixed, granulated by twin-screw extrusion, and blow-molded to obtain ground film.

4. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step A1, the usage ratio of maleic anhydride, toluene and carbon black is (1.8-2.2) g: (200-250) mL: (9.5-10) g.

5. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step A2, the mass ratio of wood ash to sulfuric acid is (90-100):(0.4-0.8).

6. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step A3, the metal salt includes at least one of ferric acetate and ferric sulfate.

7. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step A3, the light stabilizer includes at least one of the light stabilizer 1577, the light stabilizer 119, the light stabilizer 944, and the light stabilizer 622.

8. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step A3, the opening agent includes at least one of erucamide and pentaerythritol stearate.

9. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step A3, the mass ratio of PBAT, PPC, maleic anhydride grafted modified carbon black, modified plant ash, epoxy chain extender, light stabilizer, metal salt and opening agent is (75-90): (10-20): (10-15): (3-8): (0.5-0.9): (0.3-0.9): (0.3-1.2): (0.5-1).

10. A method for direct seeding rice in dryland farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step A3, the epoxy chain extender includes ADR-4400 or ADR-4468.

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