Application of soybean / peanut-potato intercropping in ecological regulation and control of potato beetles

Abstract

The invention discloses application of soybean / peanut-potato intercropping in ecological regulation and control of potato beetles. The invention finds that soybeans and peanuts can inhibit the emergence and diffusion of potato beetles by increasing the diversity of field plants, and increase the diversity and richness of natural enemies so as to achieve the ecological regulation and control effect on the potato beetles and achieve the purposes of controlling pests and increasing yield. Therefore, the purpose of ecologically regulating and controlling the potato beetles can be achieved through soybean / peanut-potato intercropping.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of pest control, and specifically relates to the application of soybean-potato and peanut-potato intercropping in ecological regulation of potato beetles. Background technology:

[0002] The potato beetle, scientifically known as Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata (Say), is a globally renowned quarantine pest (Khelifi et al., 2015) and an important agricultural pest that harms potatoes in my country (Li Chao et al., 2014), posing a major threat to my country's potato industry. In the more than 20 years since the potato beetle invaded my country (Guo Wenchao et al., 2014), a control system based on chemical control has been prevalent for a long time, which has accelerated the rapid development of potato beetle resistance (Zhang Jiebo et al., 2023). Although long-term reliance on chemical control has achieved certain results in controlling the number of pests, it has also led to a reduction in biodiversity and caused significant damage to farmland ecosystems, thereby weakening the service functions and natural pest control capabilities of farmland ecosystems. The pest control effect of natural enemies is restricted by a variety of ecological factors. Specifically, they include: the lack of suitable habitats for natural enemies in the field, the low degree of dispersion of natural enemies in the field, and the overly dispersed distribution of pests. These factors together make it difficult for natural enemies to colonize in the field, making it impossible to achieve the goal of long-term pest control (Zhang Fan et al., 2017).

[0003] The currently widely adopted single-crop planting model will lead to a significant reduction in plant diversity in field agricultural ecosystems, which will in turn cause natural enemy insects to lack suitable habitats and living environments. This situation will further lead to a decrease in the diversity and richness of insects, ultimately impairing the function of the entire ecosystem and weakening its ability to control pests (Shi Fan et al., 2022). Diversified planting patterns such as intercropping and relay cropping affect insects' recognition and selection of hosts in many ways (He Beichen et al., 2024). This intricate crop layout forms a natural barrier, effectively blocking the migration and diffusion paths of insects. They can play a role in biological pest control, promote pollination activities, and provide food sources (Song Penghui et al., 2023). They also have the ability of soil and water conservation and biological nitrogen fixation. They provide necessary nutritional supplements for natural enemies and create a habitat that is conducive to the colonization and reproduction of natural enemies (Yang Quanfeng et al., 2020). This diversified planting model also indirectly affects the survival and reproduction of pests and their natural enemies by changing the microenvironment in the field (Hvber C et al., 2022). Intercropping soybeans or peanuts has a strong effect on attracting and retaining natural enemies, and can effectively reduce the population size of pests, thereby achieving the effect of controlling potato beetles. Summary of the invention:

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide application of soybean / peanut-potato intercropping in ecological regulation and control of potato beetles.

[0005] The intercropping pattern of soybeans or peanuts and potatoes adopts a strip layout, in which potato strips and soybean or peanut strips are planted alternately, and the ratio of the number of potato rows to the number of soybean or peanut rows is set to 3:1.

[0006] When planted according to the above ratio, the soybean or peanut belt around the potato belt can not only effectively conserve natural enemies, but also reduce the light blocking of potato plants. This planting pattern can significantly improve the control effect of potato beetles, thereby more effectively controlling the population and damage of potato beetles in potato fields, and ultimately achieving increased potato production.

[0007] Preferably, in the planting pattern, the potato belt is provided with 12 rows of potatoes, while the adjacent soybean or peanut belt is provided with 4 rows. Such a row configuration not only meets the need of soybean or peanut to conserve natural enemies, but also facilitates the smooth transfer and spread of these natural enemies such as lacewings and ladybugs from the soybean or peanut belt to the potato belt.

[0008] Preferably, in the potato planting belt, the ridge spacing of potatoes is set to 50 cm, the ridge width is 30 cm, and the distance between potato plants between two adjacent ridges is 80 cm. Each ridge of potatoes is sown in a single row, and a seed potato is placed in each sowing hole, and the distance between holes is kept at 15 cm.

[0009] Preferably, in the soybean / peanut belt, the row spacing of soybeans and peanuts is 80 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the row spacing between the soybeans / peanuts and the potatoes is 80 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the previous crop is other crops, and crop rotation can effectively reduce the occurrence of potato beetles.

[0012] Preferably, potatoes are planted in a ridged but non-film-covered planting method, and drip irrigation tapes are installed on the ridges for irrigation; while soybeans or peanuts are planted in a ridged and film-covered planting method, and drip irrigation tapes are laid under the film for irrigation.

[0013] Preferably, the potato is a cold-resistant and drought-resistant variety.

[0014] Preferably, the soybeans are drought-resistant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant varieties, and the peanuts are oil-producing and multi-grain varieties.

[0015] The planting process of soybeans and peanuts is relatively simple. They have the ability of biological nitrogen fixation and can effectively improve soil fertility. In specific planting, flexible selection can be made according to the characteristics of light and heat resources in the planting area and the actual use requirements. In the present invention, soybeans or peanuts are intercropped as auxiliary crops with the main crop potatoes. The yield requirements are not high and no special field management measures are required to play their auxiliary role, which helps to reduce the overall management cost.

[0016] The present invention finds that soybeans / peanuts can provide food and suitable habitats for the early establishment and growth of the population of ladybugs, the natural enemy of potato beetles, to achieve a sustained and long-term ecological regulation effect and achieve the purpose of pest control and yield increase. Therefore, the purpose of ecological regulation and control of potato beetles can be achieved through soybean / peanut-potato intercropping. Description of the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of potato-soybean strip plants (soybean / peanut planting method is the same, soybeans are shown here);

[0018] Figure 2 The dynamics of the growth and decline of potato beetle larvae and adults in different potato planting patterns, (A) the number of larvae; (B) the number of adults;

[0019] Figure 3 The potato yield under different intercropping patterns is (A) the mass per plant; (B) the number of tubers per plant;

[0020] Figure 4 is the number of species in different intercropping patterns;

[0021] Figure 5 It is the number of dominant natural enemies in different planting patterns. Specific implementation method:

[0022] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. All simple improvements made to the present invention based on the essence of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] An ecological control method for potato beetles, characterized by adopting a strip intercropping pattern, that is, potato strips are planted alternately with soybean or peanut strips ( Figure 1). Among them, the potato belt contains 4 rows of potatoes, while the adjacent soybean or peanut belt is planted with 2 rows of soybeans or peanuts. This configuration constructs a comprehensive intercropping system, which includes a potato planting belt and an adjacent soybean or peanut planting belt. All experimental plots are planted in a north-south row direction, and the belt lengths of each plot are consistent and the area is equal. In the same plot, the row spacing, hole spacing and planting density of the same crop are maintained at a uniform standard. Potatoes are planted in ridges, with a ridge width of 20 cm and a ridge spacing of 50 cm. One row of potatoes is planted in each ridge, one seed potato is planted in each hole, and the hole spacing is 15 cm; in the soybean / peanut belt, the row spacing of soybeans and peanuts is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and 2 seeds are planted in each hole; the row spacing between the potato and soybean / peanut is 80 cm. The potato variety is Experiment No. 1, which is a cold-resistant and drought-resistant variety. The planting method is ridge planting without film covering, and drip irrigation tapes are laid on the ridges. The soybeans are Heinong No. 87, which is a drought-resistant, disease-resistant, and lodging-resistant variety. The peanuts are Jihua No. 2, which is an oil-producing, multi-grain variety. The planting method of soybeans and peanuts is ridge planting with film covering, and drip irrigation tapes are laid under the film.

[0025] Embodiment 2:

[0026] Potato-soybean intercropping (SG), potato-peanut (SA), potato monoculture (SM), control area (CK) with a spacing of 2 m between each plot, and each treatment area of ​​150 m 2 (15m×10m). Control area (CK). All plots were planted in north-south rows, with potatoes planted in ridges, 20cm wide and 50cm apart, one row of potatoes planted in each ridge, one seed potato in each hole, and 15cm apart; in the soybean / peanut belt, the row spacing of soybeans and peanuts was 80cm, the plant spacing was 15cm, and two seeds were planted in each hole; the row spacing between the potatoes and the soybeans / peanuts was 80cm. The potato variety was Experiment No. 1, which was a cold-resistant and drought-resistant variety. The planting method was ridge planting without film covering, and drip irrigation tape was laid on the ridges; the soybeans selected were Heinong No. 87, which was a drought-resistant, disease-resistant, and lodging-resistant variety, and the peanuts selected were Jihua No. 2, which was an oil-producing, multi-grain variety. The planting method for soybeans and peanuts was ridge planting with film covering, and drip irrigation tape was laid under the film.

[0027] Methodology:

[0028] 1: The experiment was conducted from July to September 2024. In all treatment areas, a five-point sampling method was used. 15 potato seedlings were selected and marked at each sampling point as observation objects. Every 7 days, these fixed marked seedlings were surveyed and the population of potato beetles at each age was recorded in detail. At the end of the experiment, 10 points were randomly selected in each treatment area, and 1 potato was dug continuously at each point, totaling 10 plants, to record the single plant quality and tuber number of potatoes. In the treatment area, a detailed survey of natural enemy insects was conducted, and the survey methods covered the yellow board method, net capture method, visual method and Malay net trapping method. During each survey, the number and species of insects captured in the Malay net collection bottle and on the yellow board were carefully recorded. The net was swept in a Z-shaped manner while walking on the walking route of the survey collection bottle. One swing of the net back and forth was recorded as one net. Each plot was surveyed once and the net was swept 30 times. The survey was conducted once every 14 days, and it was postponed in case of rain.

[0029] The results are as follows Figure 2 —4, as shown by Figure 2 It can be seen that during the potato beetle outbreak period, the potato beetle larvae and adults showed a bimodal pattern under different planting patterns, and the average number of potato beetle larvae was significantly different (P<0.05) ( Figure 2 A), and the difference in adults was not significant (P = 0.063) ( Figure 2 B), intercropping soybean SG and intercropping peanut SA delayed the peak of potato beetle population by 7 days compared with single cropping SM.

[0030] Intercropping soybean SG and peanut SA will increase the weight of potato plants and the number of tubers per plant ( Figure 3 The weight of potato plants under intercropping with soybean SG and intercropping with peanut SA was significantly higher than that under monocropping with SM (P<0.01). The order of the number of tubers per plant was intercropping with peanut SA (4.66) > intercropping with soybean SG (4.65) > monocropping with SM (4.44), and there was no significant difference among the three (P=0.453).

[0031] In the soybean intercropping SG area, 364 natural enemy insects belonging to 7 orders and 11 families were found; in the peanut intercropping SA area, 311 natural enemy insects belonging to 7 orders and 11 families were found; in the monocropping SM area, 121 natural enemy insects belonging to 6 orders and 9 families were found. Figure 4 ). The dominant natural enemy Chrysopidae had the largest number of individuals, with a total of 166 individuals, followed by intercropped soybean SG (45.78%), intercropped peanut SA (40.96%), and monocropped SM (13.25%) was the least. The second largest family was Corydalis, with a total of 128 individuals, intercropped soybean SG (48.44%), intercropped peanut SA (38.28%), and monocropped SM (13.28%) was the least. The dominant natural enemies of intercropped soybean SG and intercropped peanut SA were higher in individual numbers than monocropped SM. ( Figure 5 )

Claims

1. Application of soybean-potato and peanut-potato intercropping in controlling potato beetles through green ecological regulation methods.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intercropping patterns of soybean and potato, and peanut and potato adopted are all strip layouts, in which the ratio of potato-soybean and potato-peanut rows is 3:

1.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intercropping pattern described has 12 rows of potato and 4 rows of soybean / peanut.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between potato ridges is set at 50 cm, the width of the ridge is 30 cm, and the potato spacing between two adjacent ridges reaches 80 cm. Potatoes are sown in a single row in each ridge, with one seed potato placed in each sowing hole, and the distance between each hole is 15 cm.

5. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: When planting soybeans, keep the row spacing 20cm and the distance between each plant 15cm. When planting peanuts, keep the row spacing 20cm and the distance between each plant 15cm.

6. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The row spacing between soybeans or peanuts and potatoes is 80 cm.

7. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: An adjacent potato strip and a soybean / peanut strip form an intercropping strip, in which four rows of potatoes are intercropped with two rows of soybeans / peanuts, and the width of the intercropping strip is 560 cm.

8. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potato planting method is ridge planting without film covering, and drip irrigation tapes are laid on the ridges; the soybean / peanut planting method is ridge planting with film covering, and drip irrigation tapes are laid under the film.

9. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potato is a cold-resistant and drought-resistant variety.

10. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soybeans are selected from high-yield, drought-resistant and lodging-resistant varieties, and the peanuts are selected from high-yield, oil-producing and multi-grain varieties.

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