Anti-freezing ecological concrete beneficial to plant growth and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides anti-freezing ecological concrete beneficial to plant growth. The anti-freezing ecological concrete is prepared from a mixture of the following raw materials: cement, fly ash, mineral powder, gravel, a water reducing agent, an anti-freezing agent, an air entraining agent, a biological growth regulator, a nano hydrophobic emulsion, plant fibers and the like. Wherein the nano hydrophobic emulsion is matched with the plant growth regulator, the anti-freezing agent, the water reducing agent, the air entraining agent, the plant fibers and the like for use, so that the strength of the obtained anti-freezing ecological concrete can be improved, the freezing resistance of the anti-freezing ecological concrete can also be improved, and the anti-freezing ecological concrete is more favorable for promoting plant growth. The anti-freezing ecological concrete can be used for repairing a side slope in a permafrost region and is beneficial to restoration of vegetation in a slump region, and meanwhile, the rolling concrete is high in strength and high in crack resistance and can further reinforce the side slope and improve the stability of the side slope. Meanwhile, the anti-freezing ecological concrete provided by the invention is simple and efficient in preparation method, convenient to operate and control and stable in product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, and in particular to an antifreeze ecological concrete which is beneficial to plant growth and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ecological concrete, also known as vegetation concrete, is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, water (a small amount) of continuous granularity and vegetation concrete greening additives in a certain proportion range (fine aggregate may not be required if necessary), and then stirred, poured and naturally cured to obtain a porous concrete with a surface that is like rice candy and a large number of interconnected and fine pores. Ecological concrete has a unique "shaqima" porous structure and good adsorption, which can achieve the purpose of fixing plants, purifying water quality, consolidating soil and slope protection, and ecological repair.

[0003] Ecological concrete has good air permeability and water permeability, and can combine engineering protection with ecological restoration. In recent years, it has been widely used in slope protection, roof greening and other aspects. However, the salt lake saline land area in western my country is located in the inland of the plateau, with very harsh climatic conditions, hot summers, dry and cold winters, large temperature differences, and climatic characteristics of freeze-thaw cycles. For example, the extreme maximum temperature of the ground in the Chaerhan Salt Lake in Qinghai is 62-69°C, the extreme minimum temperature is -28.9--33.4°C, the highest atmospheric temperature is 34.9°C, the lowest temperature is -33.6°C, and the maximum daily temperature difference is 28.8°C; the annual temperature difference in Xinjiang is 26.3-47.9°C, and the daily temperature difference is 10-30°C. Under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, concrete often cracks and peels off on the surface, eventually leading to premature failure of concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to study an antifreeze ecological concrete that can be widely used in the western high-cold frozen land areas and can be used for engineering protection and ecological restoration. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an antifreeze ecological concrete which is beneficial to plant growth and a preparation method thereof. The ecological concrete provided by the present application has good antifreeze performance and is beneficial to plant growth.

[0005] The present application provides an antifreeze ecological concrete that is beneficial to plant growth, which is made of a mixture of the following raw materials:

[0006] Cement: 200 to 240 parts by mass;

[0007] Water reducing agent: 8 to 15 parts by mass;

[0008] Antifreeze agent: 7 to 9 parts by mass;

[0009] Air entraining agent: 0.5 to 1.0 parts by mass;

[0010] Plant growth regulator: 33 to 60 parts by mass;

[0011] Nano hydrophobic emulsion: 7 to 10 parts by mass;

[0012] Plant fiber: 60 to 80 parts by mass;

[0013] Water: 170 to 200 parts by mass;

[0014] Fly ash: 60 to 80 parts by mass;

[0015] Mineral powder: 80 to 100 parts by mass;

[0016] Crushed stone: 900 to 1100 parts by mass.

[0017] The present application uses cement, fly ash, mineral powder, and crushed stone as raw materials, and adds water reducer, antifreeze agent, air entraining agent, biological growth regulator, nano hydrophobic emulsion, and plant fiber to prepare antifreeze ecological concrete, wherein the nano hydrophobic emulsion is used in combination with plant growth regulator, antifreeze agent, water reducer, air entraining agent, plant fiber, etc., which can not only improve the strength of the obtained antifreeze ecological concrete, but also improve its antifreeze property, and is more conducive to promoting plant growth. The antifreeze ecological concrete can be used to repair the slopes in frozen soil areas, and is helpful for the restoration of vegetation in landslide areas. At the same time, the rolling concrete has high strength and strong crack resistance, which can further reinforce the slopes and improve the stability of the slopes.

[0018] The present application includes cement, which is the main raw material of concrete and can ensure the strength of frost-resistant ecological concrete. The present application has no special restrictions on the cement, which can be silicate cement, such as P.O52.5R grade cement, P.Ⅱ52.5R grade cement or P.Ⅰ52.5R grade cement. In some specific implementations, the amount of cement is 200 to 240 parts by mass, preferably 210 to 230 parts by mass.

[0019] The present application includes a water reducer, which can reduce the amount of mixing water while maintaining the slump of concrete basically unchanged. The present application has no special limitation on the water reducer, and is preferably a SS-MSM melamine water reducer, which has a water reduction rate of >30%, a solid content of >35%, high dispersibility, good water reduction effect, good cement adaptability and storage stability. The present application has no special limitation on the source of the SS-MSM melamine water reducer, which can be purchased from the market or prepared according to methods disclosed in the literature. In some specific implementations, the amount of the water reducer is 8 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 13 parts by mass.

[0020] The present application includes an antifreeze agent, which can lower the freezing point of concrete and improve the antifreeze ability of concrete. The present application has no special restrictions on the antifreeze agent, and is preferably a stone-coated-chloride-free liquid concrete antifreeze agent, which is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving concrete admixture, and its main function is to lower the freezing point of concrete and ensure the construction quality and durability of concrete in a low temperature environment. The product does not contain chloride ions, meets national and industry standards, and has excellent antifreeze effect and stability. The present application has no special restrictions on the source of the stone-coated-chloride-free liquid concrete antifreeze agent, and it can be purchased on the market. In some specific implementations, the amount of the antifreeze agent is 7 to 9 parts by mass, preferably 7.5 to 8.5 parts by mass.

[0021] The present application also includes an air entraining agent, the role of which is to improve the functional properties of concrete and enhance its durability. The present application has no special restrictions on the air entraining agent, and is preferably a saponin air entraining agent, which is made from natural plant fruits as the main raw material and refined through extraction, grafting, molecular structure optimization, synthesis and other processes, and can significantly improve the working performance of concrete and enhance the durability of concrete. The present application has no special restrictions on the source of the saponin air entraining agent, and it can be purchased on the market. In some specific implementations, the amount of the air entraining agent is 0.5 to 1.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.6 to 0.8 parts by mass.

[0022] The present application includes a plant growth regulator, which can promote plant growth. The present application has no particular restrictions on the plant growth regulator, and preferably includes the following components:

[0023] 6 to 9 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 4 to 6 parts by mass of phosphate fertilizer, 5 to 7 parts by mass of active calcium, 5 to 10 parts by mass of humus, 3 to 6 parts by mass of brassinolide, 3 to 5 parts by mass of amino acids, 2 to 4 parts by mass of humic acid, 2 to 5 parts by mass of rooting agent, and 3 to 7 parts by mass of gibberellins.

[0024] Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is preferably bone meal, and the amino acid is preferably fish meal amino acid fertilizer.

[0025] The plant growth regulator has high effective ingredients and a variety of nutrients; it can improve soil conditions and provide a growth environment and nutrients for grass plants; it has low production costs; and it has good physical properties. This application has no special restrictions on the source of the plant growth regulator, which can be purchased from the market or prepared by itself. In some specific implementations, the amount of the plant growth regulator is 33 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 35 to 55 parts by mass.

[0026] The present application also includes a nano-hydrophobic emulsion, which can not only improve the strength of the antifreeze ecological concrete obtained, but also improve its antifreeze property, and is more conducive to promoting plant growth. In some specific implementation schemes, the nano-hydrophobic emulsion includes: 60wt% to 80wt% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil; 5wt% to 15wt% of emulsifier; the balance of water. Preferably, the nano-hydrophobic emulsion includes: 65wt% to 75wt% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil; 8wt% to 12wt% of emulsifier; the balance of water. More preferably, the nano-hydrophobic emulsion includes: 70wt% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil; 10wt% of emulsifier; the balance of water. In the nano-hydrophobic emulsion, hydrogen-containing silicone oil is used as an active ingredient, and its hydrogen content is 0.3% to 1.4%, preferably 0.5% to 1.2%, and more preferably 0.7% to 1.0%. In the nano hydrophobic emulsion, the emulsifier preferably includes a neutral surfactant and an anionic surfactant, wherein the neutral surfactant includes but is not limited to lauryl alcohol, cocamidopropyl betaine, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., preferably lauryl alcohol; the anionic surfactant includes but is not limited to sodium laurate, sodium sulfate of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, triethanolamine soap, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, etc., preferably sodium laurate. The application has no particular restrictions on the mass ratio of the neutral surfactant and the anionic surfactant. When they are lauryl alcohol and sodium laurate, respectively, the mass ratio of the lauryl alcohol and the sodium laurate is 5-20:80-95, preferably 8-15:75-92.

[0027] The present application has no particular restrictions on the preparation method of the nano hydrophobic emulsion, which comprises the following steps:

[0028] Dissolve the emulsifier in hot water at 50℃ to 80℃ in proportion, and mechanically stir the mixture for 20 minutes to 40 minutes until a uniform emulsion is formed; when the emulsion temperature drops to about 25℃ at room temperature, adjust the pH value to 7±1 with a small amount of 10% hydrochloric acid or 10% sodium hydroxide solution; then stir the emulsion with a high shear machine at a speed of 800rpm to 2000rpm, and slowly add hydrogen-containing silicone oil. After the addition, continue to stir the mixture at high speed for 20 minutes to 40 minutes until a uniform milky concentrated emulsion is formed. When used, the concentrate can be simply diluted with water in any proportion to prepare a nano-hydrophobic dilution emulsion suitable for different applications. During construction, the nano-hydrophobic dilution emulsion is mixed with the plant growth regulator and then mixed in the concrete, which can make the plant growth regulator evenly distributed in the concrete. At the same time, the hydrophobic emulsion ensures that it will not be lost with the flow of water, and ensures that the growth regulator can be fully absorbed by the plant.

[0029] In some specific implementations, the amount of the nano hydrophobic emulsion is 7 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 8 to 9 parts by mass.

[0030] The present application also includes plant fibers, which can increase the toughness and ductility of concrete, thereby significantly improving the crack resistance of concrete. In some specific implementations, the plant fibers include sisal fibers and bamboo fibers in a mass ratio of 1 to 2:2 to 3. The present application has no special restrictions on the sources of the sisal fibers and bamboo fibers, and they can be purchased from the market. In some specific implementations, the lengths of the sisal fibers and bamboo fibers are independently 2.0 cm to 3.5 cm, and the diameters are independently 1 mm to 2 mm. In some specific implementations, the amount of the plant fibers is 60 to 80 parts by mass, preferably 65 to 75 parts by mass.

[0031] The present application also includes fly ash, mineral powder and crushed stone, which are common raw materials for concrete, and the present application has no special restrictions on them. In some specific implementations, the fly ash is a first-class fly ash, and preferably, the 45μm square hole sieve residue of the fly ash is 12% to 10%. In some specific implementations, the mineral powder is a grade S95 or higher mineral powder, and preferably, the content of inorganic substances such as active calcium, silicon, and aluminum is greater than 30%. In some specific implementations, the crushed stone is one of limestone crushed stone or basalt crushed stone, with continuous grading and a particle size of 5mm to 25mm. In some specific implementations, the amount of fly ash is 60 to 80 parts by mass, preferably 65 to 75 parts by mass. In some specific implementations, the amount of the mineral powder is 80 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 85 to 95 parts by mass. In some specific implementations, the amount of crushed stone used is 900 to 1100 parts by mass, preferably 950 to 1050 parts by mass.

[0032] The present application also includes water, which can be drinking water that meets the national standard of "Standard for Water Used in Concrete" (JGJ 63-2006). In some specific implementations, the amount of water is 170 to 200 parts by mass, preferably 180 to 190 parts by mass.

[0033] The present invention uses cement, fly ash, mineral powder and crushed stone as raw materials, and adds water reducer, antifreeze agent, air entraining agent, biological growth regulator, nano hydrophobic emulsion and plant fiber to prepare antifreeze ecological concrete, wherein:

[0034] (1) The nano-hydrophobic emulsion is used in combination with plant growth regulators, antifreeze agents, water reducers, air entraining agents, plant fibers, etc., which can not only improve the strength of the antifreeze ecological concrete, but also improve its antifreeze properties, and is more conducive to promoting plant growth. The antifreeze ecological concrete can be used to repair slopes in frozen areas and help restore vegetation in landslide areas. At the same time, the rolling concrete has high strength and strong crack resistance, which can further reinforce the slope and improve the stability of the slope;

[0035] (2) During the preparation of ecological concrete, a plant growth regulator composed of multiple raw materials is added, so that the ecological concrete can provide a growth environment and nutrients for grass plants; at the same time, through rainwater seepage, the regulator flows into the soil and improves soil conditions;

[0036] (3) The addition of antifreeze agent in the present application can effectively improve the antifreeze performance of concrete, and at the same time enhance the strength and durability of concrete; the addition of SS-MSM melamine high-efficiency water reducer has high dispersibility, good water-reducing effect, good cement adaptability and storage stability, can reduce the amount of water used in concrete mixing, thereby reducing the amount of ice formed in concrete, and making the ice crystals fine and evenly dispersed, reducing the destructive stress on concrete; the addition of air entraining agent can introduce a large number of tiny closed bubbles into the structure of concrete, forming a certain expansion space, slowing down the frost heave stress, so that the concrete material has a certain buffer space when the temperature difference between day and night is large, thereby improving the durability of the concrete material.

[0037] (4) The use of plant fibers improves the tensile properties of concrete materials and can improve the material's crack resistance.

[0038] (5) The frost-resistant ecological concrete preparation method provided in this application is simple and efficient, easy to operate and control, and has stable product quality.

[0039] The present application also provides a method for preparing the frost-resistant ecological concrete described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0040] mixing crushed stone and cement to obtain a first mixture;

[0041] The first mixture is mixed with water, fly ash, mineral powder, plant fiber, plant growth regulator and nano hydrophobic emulsion mixture, water reducing agent, antifreeze agent and air entraining agent to obtain antifreeze ecological concrete.

[0042] The present application first mixes the plant growth regulator with the nano hydrophobic emulsion so that the plant growth regulator is evenly distributed in the concrete. At the same time, the hydrophobic emulsion ensures that the plant growth regulator will not be lost with the flow of water, ensuring that the growth regulator can be fully absorbed by the plants.

[0043] The present application has no particular limitation on the mixing method of the raw materials, and the raw materials can be mixed evenly in a mixer.

[0044] The present invention also provides an ecological slope protection construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Slope treatment:

[0046] Clear all obstacles on the slope that may hinder construction, including but not limited to:

[0047] Clear the vegetation junction. Clean the contact surface of the original slope above the slope opening line. The cleaning width is preferably 1.0m to 1.5m. The branches and trunks of plants on the original slope should be removed. There is no need to dig out the underground rhizomes. This part serves as the transition between the project and the original slope, that is, the vegetation junction;

[0048] Remove weeds, fallen leaves and branches, loose soil and loose stones from the slope surface;

[0049] Slope surface finishing. For the protruding parts that are easy to fall off and have obvious dangerous rocks, knock them down. You can first use an electric hammer or a pneumatic pick to drill holes along the slope at the protruding parts, and then knock them down with a hammer. For the obvious concave sections, fill them up. You can use a pneumatic pick to chisel out the rough surface at the place to be filled. The depth should not be less than 1cm. Then use high-pressure wind and water to clean it, and finally fill it with M7.5 mortar.

[0050] Step 2: Laying and installing wire mesh and anchors.

[0051] Use an electric hammer to drill holes perpendicular to the slope and drive in anchors. The anchors are Φ14 or Φ16 threaded steel bars, with a length of 30cm to 60cm for anchoring, and a spacing of 1m×1m. The hole depth is 20cm to 50cm, and the anchor rod is exposed 10cm. To enhance stability at the top of the slope, a 60cm-long anchor can be used for encryption and lengthening. The anchors are slightly upwardly inclined, with an angle of 95 to 100° with the slope. In places where the rocks on the slope are severely weathered, the anchors can be lengthened as needed, subject to the stability of the anchors after they are driven into the slope.

[0052] After the anchors are arranged perpendicular to the slope according to the designed anchor specifications, rock penetration depth, and spacing, 14# galvanized chain link wire mesh (mesh size 5cm×5cm) is laid. The mesh is laid from top to bottom at the top of the vegetation junction. The reinforced mesh should be laid tight, and the meshes need to be overlapped by no less than 5cm up and down, and no overlap is required between the meshes. However, all meshes should be tied firmly with 18# iron wire, and the contact points of the anchors should also be tied firmly with 18# iron wire and anchors. The mesh should be kept 7cm away from the slope, otherwise it should be supported with pads.

[0053] Step 3: Concrete preparation:

[0054] According to the above ratio, the selected crushed stone and cement are put into the mixer and mixed evenly, and then the corresponding ratio of water, fly ash, mineral powder, plant fiber, plant growth regulator and nano-hydrophobic emulsion mixture, high-efficiency water reducing agent, antifreeze agent and air entraining agent are added and mixed evenly; plant seeds according to the design requirements can be added when mixing the surface base material.

[0055] In some specific implementations, plant seeds can adopt the following schemes: ① Thorium wilfordii + flat-spiked wheatgrass + Leymus japonicus + Qinghai cold-land bluegrass are mixed in a weight ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-2:2-3, preferably 2:2:2:3, and are suitable for application in engineering sites in permafrost areas for the purpose of ecological restoration; ② Thorium wilfordii + dangling alkali grass + puccinellia tenuifolia + alkali grass are mixed in a weight ratio of 2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2, preferably 3:1:2:2, and are suitable for application in salinized permafrost engineering sites for the purpose of ecological restoration.

[0056] Step 4: Concrete spraying:

[0057] After the slope is regulated, the net and anchor nails are laid, and the concrete base material components are prepared and formulated, the concrete base material spraying construction can be carried out. The equipment used for spraying is a general concrete spraying machine, which is divided into the base layer and the surface layer. The spraying is carried out from top to bottom of the slope, first the base layer and then the surface layer. Each spraying is 4 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters high.

[0058] The spraying is carried out by using an air compressor with a capacity of more than 12 cubic meters and the dry spraying method is used (the equipment is the same as the anchor spraying equipment, using a PZ-6 spraying machine).

[0059] Base spraying:

[0060] 1) Method: Before spraying, check again whether the loose soil, grass, tree roots and other debris on the slope are cleaned up. After confirmation, spray the slope with water to promote the close connection between the sprayed vegetation concrete substrate and the base surface. Then conduct a trial spraying test to adjust the water-cement ratio before spraying construction. The spraying thickness of the base layer is 8cm~9cm. At the beginning of the spraying operation, air should be supplied first, then the machine should be turned on, and then the material should be fed. At the end of the spraying, the air should be turned off after the spraying material is sprayed.

[0061] 2) Control measures: The base layer shotcrete can be sprayed to the designed thickness at one time without layered spraying; during the spraying process, the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is controlled between 0.6m and 1.0m, and it should generally be perpendicular to the slope surface, and the maximum inclination angle cannot exceed 10°; during spraying, the output pressure of the spray head cannot be less than 0.1MPa; the spraying is carried out from top to bottom, spraying the concave part first and then the convex part; the spraying movement can be moved forward in an "S" shape or spiral shape.

[0062] Surface spraying: Surface spraying should be carried out within 8 hours after the completion of base construction, generally controlled within 3h~4h; the thickness of the surface spraying is 1cm~2cm; before surface spraying, spray water once on the slope to ensure the adhesion of the base and the surface; spraying is carried out at a close distance to ensure the uniformity of grass seed sowing; spraying is carried out from top to bottom, and the width of a single block is controlled at 4m~6m.

[0063] The antifreeze ecological concrete provided by the present application has the following advantages: (1) it has strong antifreeze performance; (2) it is conducive to the growth of vegetation. The antifreeze ecological concrete has the obvious advantages of high strength, strong crack resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, water erosion resistance, conducive to plant growth and convenient construction. It can be used to repair the slopes in the frozen soil area and help the restoration of vegetation in the landslide area. At the same time, the concrete has high strength and strong crack resistance, and can further reinforce the slopes and improve the stability of the slopes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] It should be understood that the expression "one or more of..." includes each of the items recited after the expression individually and in various different combinations of two or more of the recited items, unless otherwise understood from the context and usage. The expression "and / or" in combination with three or more recited items should be understood to have the same meaning, unless otherwise understood from the context.

[0065] The use of the terms "comprising", "having" or "containing", including their grammatical synonyms, should generally be understood as open and non-restrictive, for example not excluding other unrecited elements or steps, unless otherwise specifically stated or otherwise understood from the context.

[0066] It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which certain actions are performed is not important as long as the present invention remains operable. In addition, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.

[0067] The use of any and all examples or exemplary language, such as "for example" or "including", herein is intended only to better illustrate the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in this specification should be construed as indicating that any non-claimed element is essential to the practice of the invention.

[0068] In addition, the numerical ranges and parameters used to define the present invention are approximate values, and the relevant values ​​in the specific embodiments have been presented as accurately as possible. However, any numerical value inherently inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual test methods. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly stated, it should be understood that all ranges, quantities, values ​​and percentages used in this disclosure are modified by "about". Here, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.5% of a specific value or range.

[0069] The present application provides an antifreeze ecological concrete that is beneficial to plant growth, which is made of a mixture of the following raw materials:

[0070] Cement: 200 to 240 parts by mass;

[0071] Water reducing agent: 8 to 15 parts by mass;

[0072] Antifreeze agent: 7 to 9 parts by mass;

[0073] Air entraining agent: 0.5 to 1.0 parts by mass;

[0074] Plant growth regulator: 33 to 60 parts by mass;

[0075] Nano hydrophobic emulsion: 7 to 10 parts by mass;

[0076] Plant fiber: 60 to 80 parts by mass;

[0077] Water: 170 to 200 parts by mass;

[0078] Fly ash: 60 to 80 parts by mass;

[0079] Mineral powder: 80 to 100 parts by mass;

[0080] Crushed stone: 900 to 1100 parts by mass.

[0081] The present application uses cement, fly ash, mineral powder, and crushed stone as raw materials, and adds water reducer, antifreeze agent, air entraining agent, biological growth regulator, nano hydrophobic emulsion, and plant fiber to prepare antifreeze ecological concrete, wherein the nano hydrophobic emulsion can not only improve the strength of the obtained antifreeze ecological concrete, but also improve its antifreeze property, and is more conducive to promoting plant growth. The antifreeze ecological concrete can be used to repair the slopes in frozen soil areas, and is helpful for the restoration of vegetation in landslide areas. At the same time, the rolling concrete has high strength and strong crack resistance, and can further reinforce the slopes and improve the stability of the slopes.

[0082] The antifreeze ecological concrete beneficial to plant growth and the preparation method thereof provided by the present application are further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0083] In the following examples, cement is P.O52.5R grade cement;

[0084] The high-efficiency water reducing agent is SS-MSM melamine high-efficiency water reducing agent, which is synthesized with reference to "Synthesis Process of SS-MSM Melamine High-efficiency Water Reducing Agent" by Zhang Shenglin, Sun Fei, Lin Rongfeng, etc., and its water reduction rate is greater than 30% and solid content is greater than 35%;

[0085] The antifreeze agent is Tushi-chloride-free liquid concrete antifreeze agent;

[0086] The air-entraining agent is a saponin-based air-entraining agent purchased from Shandong Jinan Qishang Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0087] The environmentally friendly nano hydrophobic emulsion comprises: 70wt% of hydrogenated silicone oil, wherein the hydrogen content of the hydrogenated silicone oil is 0.9%; 10wt% of an emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier comprises lauryl alcohol and sodium laurate in a mass ratio of 10:90; and the balance is water. The preparation method thereof is as follows:

[0088] Dissolve the emulsifier in 80°C hot water in proportion, and mechanically stir the mixture for 30 minutes until a uniform emulsion is formed; when the emulsion temperature drops to about room temperature 25°C, adjust the pH value to 7±1 with a small amount of 10% hydrochloric acid solution; then use a high shear machine to stir the emulsion at a speed of 800 to 2000rpm, and slowly add hydrogenated silicone oil at the same time. After the addition, continue to stir the mixture at high speed for 30 minutes until a uniform milky white concentrated emulsion is formed.

[0089] The plant fibers include sisal fibers and bamboo fibers in a mass ratio of 2:3, the diameters of the sisal fibers and bamboo fibers are about 1.5 mm, and the lengths are 2.0 cm to 3.5 cm;

[0090] Water is drinking water that meets the national standard of "Standard for Water Used in Concrete" (JGJ 63-2006);

[0091] The fly ash is first-grade fly ash, and the residue on the 45μm square hole sieve is 12% to 10%;

[0092] The mineral powder is S95 or above grade, and the content of active calcium, silicon, aluminum and other inorganic substances is greater than 30%;

[0093] The crushed stone is a type of basalt crushed stone with continuous grading and particle size ranging from 5 to 25 mm.

[0094] Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0095] The raw materials were mixed evenly according to the formula shown in Table 1 to prepare frost-resistant ecological concrete.

[0096] Table 1 Antifreeze ecological concrete formula provided by the embodiment and comparative example

[0097]

[0098] In Example 1, the plant growth regulator is composed of the following raw materials calculated by mass ratio: 6 parts of urea, 4 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of active calcium, 5 parts of humus, 3 parts of brassinolide, 3 parts of fish meal amino acid fertilizer, 2 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of rooting agent, and 3 parts of gibberellin;

[0099] In Example 2, the plant growth regulator is composed of the following raw materials calculated by mass ratio: 7 parts of urea, 5 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of active calcium, 7 parts of humus, 4 parts of brassinolide, 4 parts of fish meal amino acid fertilizer, 3 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of rooting agent, and 5 parts of gibberellin;

[0100] In Example 3, the plant growth regulator is composed of the following raw materials calculated by mass ratio: 9 parts of urea, 6 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of active calcium, 10 parts of humus, 6 parts of brassinolide, 5 parts of fish meal amino acid fertilizer, 4 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of rooting agent, and 7 parts of gibberellin;

[0101] In Example 4, the plant growth regulator is composed of the following raw materials calculated by weight: 9 parts of urea, 5 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of active calcium, 8 parts of humus, 5 parts of brassinolide, 5 parts of fish meal amino acid fertilizer, 3 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of rooting agent, and 4 parts of gibberellin;

[0102] In Comparative Example 3, the plant growth regulator is composed of the following raw materials calculated by mass ratio: 7 parts of urea, 5 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of active calcium, 7 parts of humus, 4 parts of brassinolide, 4 parts of fish meal amino acid fertilizer, 3 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of rooting agent, and 5 parts of gibberellin.

[0103] Effect Example 1

[0104] The ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was made into 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubic concrete specimens. After curing for 28 days under standard curing conditions, the slump, flexural strength and compressive strength were tested according to GB / T 50080-2016 "Standard Test Method for Performance of Ordinary Concrete Mixtures" and GB / T50081-2019 "Standard Test Method for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete". The results are shown in Table 2, which shows the mechanical properties of the ecological concrete prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present application.

[0105] Table 2 Mechanical properties of ecological concrete prepared in the examples and comparative examples of this application

[0106]

[0107] As shown in Table 2, the ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention is better than Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in slump, flexural strength and compressive strength, which shows that the high-efficiency water reducing agent, antifreeze agent, air entraining agent, plant growth regulator and nano hydrophobic emulsion added in the present invention have the function of increasing strength. It can be seen from the control group that the water reducing agent, antifreeze agent and air entraining agent have the strongest performance in improving strength, followed by the nano hydrophobic emulsion which can also appropriately increase the compressive strength of concrete.

[0108] Effect Example 2

[0109] The ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was made into 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm cubic concrete specimens, and after curing for 28 days under standard curing conditions, the initial compressive strength was tested according to GB / T 50082-2009 "Standard for Test Methods for Frost Resistance of Concrete", and then freeze-thaw cycles were performed:

[0110] (1) Place the specimen in a freeze-thaw cycle test chamber with the temperature set to -20°C ± 2°C, the humidity set to 30% ± 5%, and the freeze-thaw cycle set to 24 h;

[0111] (2) After each cycle, take out the specimen and place it at room temperature to naturally return to room temperature;

[0112] (3) Repeat the above steps until the specimen reaches the required number of freeze-thaw cycles.

[0113] The freeze-thaw cycle periods were 12, 24 and 36 times respectively. When the corresponding cycle period was reached, the concrete test blocks of each group were taken out, and the compressive strength after freeze-thaw was measured according to the requirements of GB / T 50082-2009 "Standard for Test Methods for Frost Resistance of Concrete", and the compressive strength loss rate of each group of test pieces after different freeze-thaw times was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3, which shows the test results of the frost resistance of concrete prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present application.

[0114] Table 3 Test results of the antifreeze ability of concrete prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present application

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 3, the ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention has excellent performance in antifreeze, and is significantly better than Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and also has a relatively large improvement in strength. From the control group, it can be seen that in addition to water reducers, antifreeze agents, and air entraining agents that can improve antifreeze and compressive strength, adding nano-hydrophobic emulsion can also appropriately increase the antifreeze and compressive strength of concrete, which shows that the ecological concrete of the present invention is conducive to application in cold region projects.

[0117] Effect Example 3

[0118] Four herbaceous plants, namely, greengrass, Manila, dogwood, and dogtooth grass, were selected as the research objects. The vegetation density was 30-50 plants / kg for substrate seeds and 20-40g / m for soil seeding. 2 The vegetation growth height and vegetation growth cycle were used as the vegetation effect for investigation. The test results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows the test effect of the frost-resistant ecological concrete provided by the embodiments and comparative examples of the present application on plant growth.

[0119] Table 4 Test effect of frost-resistant ecological concrete provided by the examples and comparative examples of the present application on plant growth

[0120]

[0121] As shown in Table 4, the ecological concrete prepared by Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention has excellent performance in promoting plant growth, which is significantly better than Control Group 1 and Control Group 2, and slightly better than Control Group 3; Control Group 3 is different from other control groups in that plant growth regulators are added thereto, which shows that the addition of plant growth regulators in the present invention greatly improves the vegetation performance of the ecological concrete. Compared with Control Group 1, Control Group 2 has better vegetation growth, which is due to the addition of water reducers, antifreeze agents and air entraining agents, which can improve soil structure, reduce water evaporation, improve soil water retention, and enhance the cold resistance of plants.

[0122] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frost-resistant ecological concrete that is conducive to plant growth, characterized in that: Made from a mixture of the following ingredients: Cement: 200 to 240 parts by mass; Water reducing agent: 8 to 15 parts by mass; Antifreeze agent: 7 to 9 parts by mass; Air entraining agent: 0.5 to 1.0 parts by mass; Plant growth regulator: 33 to 60 parts by mass; Nano hydrophobic emulsion: 7 to 10 parts by mass; Plant fiber: 60 to 80 parts by mass; Water: 170 to 200 parts by mass; Fly ash: 60 to 80 parts by mass; Mineral powder: 80 to 100 parts by mass; Crushed stone: 900 to 1100 parts by mass.

2. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano hydrophobic emulsion comprises: 60wt% to 80wt% of hydrogen-containing silicone oil; 5wt% to 15wt% of an emulsifier; The remaining amount of water.

3. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil is 0.3% to 1.4%; The emulsifier includes a neutral surfactant and an anionic surfactant.

4. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: The neutral surfactant is selected from lauryl alcohol; The anionic surfactant is selected from sodium laurate; The mass ratio of the lauryl alcohol to the sodium laurate is 5-20:80-95.

5. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant fibers include sisal fibers and bamboo fibers in a mass ratio of 1-2:2-3.

6. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement is selected from Portland cement.

7. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water reducing agent is selected from melamine water reducing agent.

8. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air entraining agent is a saponin air entraining agent.

9. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifreeze agent is a stone-coated chloride-free liquid concrete antifreeze agent.

10. The frost-resistant ecological concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator comprises: 6 to 9 parts by mass of nitrogen fertilizer, 4 to 6 parts by mass of phosphorus fertilizer, 5 to 7 parts by mass of active calcium, 5 to 10 parts by mass of humus, 3 to 6 parts by mass of brassinolide, 3 to 5 parts by mass of amino acids, 2 to 4 parts by mass of humic acid, 2 to 5 parts by mass of rooting agent, and 3 to 7 parts by mass of gibberellin.

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