Simple and rapid composting technology for in-situ compatibility of rape straw and goose manure

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple and rapid composting technology for on-site compatibility of rape straw and goose manure, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural solid waste resource utilization. The technology comprises the following steps: (1) collecting raw materials: preparing rape straws, straw rot fungi, urea and goose manure; (2) raw material mixing: mixing the rape straw prepared in the step (1) with goose manure, inoculating straw rot bacteria, and adjusting the moisture content and C / N to obtain a mixed raw material; and (3) fermenting the raw materials: piling the mixed raw materials obtained in the step (2) into a strip pile of 4m * 2m * 1m, and carrying out composting fermentation. The invention discloses a simple and rapid composting technology for on-site compatibility of rape straw and goose manure, which converts crop straw and livestock manure into organic fertilizer, solves the problems of slow mixed fermentation, incomplete fermentation and low degradation degree of goose manure and rape straw, and effectively improves the composting efficiency. The humus content and the quality of a compost product are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural solid waste resource utilization, and specifically relates to a simple and rapid composting technology of rapeseed straw mixed with goose manure on site after leaving the field. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, China's farming and breeding industry has developed rapidly, and the amount of agricultural waste such as crop straw and livestock and poultry manure has increased significantly. According to statistics, the annual straw output of my country's agricultural production system is about 2×10 12 kg, and the annual amount of livestock and poultry manure is as high as 4.0×10 9 t. These agricultural wastes contain high levels of organic matter and nutrients. If not properly disposed of, they will not only cause a waste of resources, but also threaten the rural ecological environment. Aerobic composting of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure off-site is considered to be an effective means of resource utilization of agricultural waste. At the same time, the composting product is a high-quality organic fertilizer. Compared with ordinary agricultural waste composting, off-site composting can greatly reduce the cost of collection and transportation. Applying the compost on-site can increase the organic matter content in the soil, improve crop quality and yield, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, saving costs and increasing efficiency, and promoting green agricultural development.

[0003] Microbial agents can accelerate the maturity of compost and improve the quality of compost products, so they are widely used in composting. Livestock and poultry manure and crop straw have complex components, including proteins, fats, organic acids, lignocellulose and hemicellulose. Relying on a single strain of bacteria often leads to inadequate and slow degradation, and unsatisfactory results. Stalk-degrading bacteria are a type of microbial strain developed by high-tech biotechnology. They are composed of a variety of beneficial microorganisms and use the decomposition and metabolism of microorganisms to decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in straw into small molecular organic compounds or produce CO. 2 Compared with a single bacterial species, stem-destroying fungi often have stronger advantages and can adapt to various complex environments.

[0004] During the composting process, C / N has an important influence on the decomposition rate of organic matter. Appropriate C / N can make the compost have an ideal decomposition rate. During the composting process, the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus mainly depend on the biochemical action of microbial enzymes, and the initial C / N value of the composting material is a key factor in efficient composting, which not only affects the normal activity of microorganisms, but also has an important impact on the quality of organic fertilizer. However, due to the differences in the properties of the materials themselves, there is no unified standard for the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio for composting different materials, which is generally between 20:1 and 30:1. At present, there are many studies on the use of crops and pig manure, cattle and sheep manure and chicken manure to make organic fertilizer, and they are widely used, while there are few applications and studies on goose manure composting. At present, there is a lack of research on the most suitable C / N conditions when inoculating specific stalk-decomposing bacteria in compost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and rapid composting technology for rape straw and goose manure on site. By exploring the most suitable C / N conditions when inoculating specific stalk-decomposing bacteria in the compost, the problem of slow and incomplete fermentation of rape straw and goose manure is solved. The technology has the advantages of good composting effect, simple operation and easy promotion, and can effectively recycle organic waste to achieve harmless treatment and resource utilization of agricultural organic waste.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A simple and rapid composting technology for rape straw and goose manure on site, comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material collection: preparing rape straw, straw-decomposing fungi, urea and goose manure; (2) Raw material mixing: the rape straw prepared in step (1) is mixed with goose manure, and the straw-decomposing bacteria prepared in step (1) are inoculated, and the moisture content and C / N are adjusted to obtain a mixed raw material; (3) Raw material fermentation: The mixed raw materials obtained in step (2) are piled into 4m×2m×1m strips for compost fermentation.

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the rape straw needs to be crushed to 2 cm to 5 cm before use.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the stalk-destroying bacteria are composed of Azospirillum zeae N3 and Raoultella vegetative M15H2; the effective viable count of Azospirillum zeae N3 in the stalk-destroying bacteria is ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL, effective viable count of Raoultella vegetabilis M15H2 ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of rape straw to goose manure added is (3-5):1.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), water is added to adjust the moisture content to 60% to 65%, and urea is added to adjust the C / N ratio to (25 to 30):1.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the mixed raw material obtained in step (2) is piled into a 4m×2m×1m pile, and air outlets are pounded vertically downward from the top every 30 to 50 cm. The pile is covered with agricultural film for insulation, and the pile is turned to provide ventilation and oxygen. The mixture is fermented for 50 to 60 days at a fermentation temperature of 40 to 60°C.

[0012] The invention also provides a fermented and decomposed rape straw organic fertilizer prepared by using a simple and fast composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention provides a simple and rapid composting technology for rape straw and goose manure on site. Goose manure and rape straw are used as raw materials, and the rapid decomposition of rape straw is promoted by adding stalk-decomposing bacteria. At the same time, the metabolic activity of aerobic microorganisms is utilized to convert organic matter into inorganic matter and release heat, thereby increasing the composting temperature and prolonging the high temperature maintenance time. This process can not only solve the problems of slow mixed fermentation, incomplete fermentation and low degradation degree of goose manure and rape straw, but also effectively improve the composting efficiency and improve the humus content and quality of the compost product. Stalk-decomposing bacteria are applied to the mixture of rape straw and goose manure for composting experiments. Compared with other treatments, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1 and the pile body with stalk-decomposing bacteria added has a significantly increased pile body temperature and a prolonged high temperature period after 48 days of stacking. The degree of maturity and speed are significantly better than those of the treatment without adding bacterial agents and other initial C / N treatments. This composting technology is simple to operate, easy to promote and collect, has low transportation costs and is environmentally friendly. It can convert agricultural waste into organic fertilizer, reduce waste emissions and environmental pollution, and realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste, which is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the colony morphology of Raoultella vegetabilis M15H2 strain; Figure 2 This is the colony morphology of the corn Azospirillum n3 strain; Figure 3 These are the actual pictures of each pile in the composting experiment; Figure 4 The temperature changes of the compost under different fermentation conditions for the rape straw and goose manure rapid composting provided in Examples 1 to 6; Figure 5 The pH value of the compost body of rape straw and goose manure provided in Examples 1 to 6 changes under different fermentation conditions; Figure 6 The EC changes of the composts of rape straw and goose manure for rapid composting under different fermentation conditions provided in Examples 1 to 6; Figure 7 The humic acid coefficient of the compost of rape straw and goose manure provided in Examples 1 to 6 varies under different fermentation conditions; Figure 8 The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost of rape straw and goose manure provided in Examples 1 to 6 varies under different fermentation conditions; Fig. 9 The changes in the seed germination index of the composts of rape straw and goose manure provided in Examples 1 to 6 under different fermentation conditions were shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0018] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, other test materials and instruments and equipment are conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0019] The cellulose-degrading bacteria n3, classified and named Azospirillum zeae, was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on September 23, 2019, with the address at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the deposit number is CGMCC No.18613.

[0020] Raoultella phytogenes ( Raoultella planticola )M15H2, deposited on February 21, 2023 in the General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration. The abbreviation of the unit is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is CGMCC NO.26627.

[0021] The corn stalk-decomposing fungi N3 are separated from the black soil of sand ginger and collected from the Agricultural Demonstration Science and Technology Park in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province. The colony structure is as follows: the surface is smooth, the colonies are small, the edges are neat, and the soil is opaque and slightly yellow.

[0022] The vegetative Raoultella M15H2 in the straw-decomposing fungi of the present invention decomposes wheat straw, and the colonies on the LB culture medium are yellow, round, opaque, have neat edges, a moist and smooth surface, and are easy to pick up.

[0023] The stalk-degrading bacteria in the present invention are composed of corn Azospirillum n3 and vegetative Raoultella M15H2; the effective viable bacteria number of corn Azospirillum n3 in the composite lignocellulose degrading bacterial agent is ≥2×10 8 cfu / mL, effective viable count of Raoultella vegetabilis M15H2 ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL, the composite lignocellulose degrading bacterial agent of the present invention was prepared in Hefei Branch of Anhui Quanmin Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0024] Example 1 This example provides a simple and fast composting technology SFJ25 of rape straw and goose manure on-site, which includes the following steps: (1) Raw material collection: prepare rape straw crushed to 2 cm, stalk-decomposing bacteria, urea and goose manure, wherein the stalk-decomposing bacteria are composed of Azospirillum n3 and Raoultella vegetative M15H2; the effective viable bacteria count of Azospirillum n3 in the stalk-decomposing bacteria is ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL, effective viable count of Raoultella vegetabilis M15H2 ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL; (2) Raw material mixing: 600 kg of rape straw prepared in step (1) was mixed with 200 kg of goose manure, and the above-mentioned straw-decomposing bacteria were inoculated, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and urea was added to adjust the C / N ratio to 25:1 to obtain a mixed raw material; (3) The mixed raw material obtained in step (2) is piled into a 4m×2m×1m pile, and air outlets are pounded vertically downward from the top with a wooden stick with a diameter of 3 cm every 30 cm. The pile is covered with agricultural film for insulation, and ventilation and oxygen supply are provided by turning the pile to carry out composting fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 50°C and the fermentation time is 60 days to obtain fermented rape straw organic fertilizer.

[0025] Example 2 This example provides a simple and rapid composting technology SFJ30 of rape straw and goose manure on site. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (2), the C / N ratio is adjusted to 30:1.

[0026] Example 3 This example provides a simple and rapid composting technology SJ25 of rape straw mixed with goose manure on site. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that goose manure is not added to the raw materials.

[0027] Example 4 This example provides a simple and rapid composting technology SJ30 for combining rape straw with goose manure on site. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that goose manure is not added to the raw materials, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to 30:1 in step (2).

[0028] Example 5 This example provides a simple and rapid composting technology SF25 of rape straw combined with goose manure on site. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that no stalk-decomposing bacteria are added to the raw materials.

[0029] Example 6 This example provides a simple and rapid composting technology SF30 for combining rape straw with goose manure off-field. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that no stalk-decomposing bacteria are added to the raw materials, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to 30:1 in step (2).

[0030] The effects of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 6 were verified by the following experiments.

[0031] The above-mentioned Examples 1 to 6 are processed as follows. Figure 3 When the temperature of the pile rises to above 45°C, the pile is turned over once. After that, the pile is turned over once every time the temperature of the pile reaches above 60°C. The temperature of the center of the pile is monitored every day. The fermentation stage is divided into a heating stage, a high temperature stage, and a cooling stage. In order to ensure the representative samples of the pile, samples are randomly selected from five different locations in three different layers (surface, middle and bottom) of the reactor and mixed thoroughly. 100g is taken from each sampling point. Two portions of 500g are taken from each pile and packaged and marked. Each 500g portion is then packaged into two fresh-keeping bags. One fresh sample is refrigerated at 4°C to prepare the compost water extract and measure pH, EC, E 4 / E 6 and seed germination index (GI), one portion was air-dried and brought back to the laboratory for crushing and sieving for the determination of total nitrogen, a related indicator.

[0032] Test results: Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that compared with Examples 2 to 6, the temperature of the pile in Example 1 rises fastest, the highest temperature in the high temperature period can reach 62.3°C, and the time in the high temperature stage is the longest, and the fermentation intensity is optimal. The rape straw off-field and goose manure rapid composting technology provided in Example 1 accelerates the decomposition process.

[0033] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the pH variation trends of the six piles in Examples 1 to 6 are roughly the same. At the end of composting, the pH of each pile is 8.0±0.3, which is less than 8.5, and meets the national standard NY525-2012.

[0034] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the EC values ​​of Examples 1 to 6 all showed a downward trend in the first 14 days, and then tended to be stable until the end of composting, which is consistent with the change trend of pH during the same period. The final EC values ​​of Examples 1 to 6 were all lower than 1.5 ms / cm -1 , all comply with the relevant provisions of the "Sanitary Standard for Harmless Treatment of Excrement" (GB7959-2012).

[0035] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that at the end of composting, the E 4 / E 6 The values ​​are 4.4, 4.4, 3.8, 3.9, 2.9, and 5.1, respectively. 4 / E 6 The lowest value is 2.9, indicating the highest maturity.

[0036] Depend on Figure 8It can be seen that the C / N ratios of Examples 1 to 6 all showed a slowly decreasing trend during the entire composting process, and the final C / N ratio of SFJ25 in Example 1 was the lowest, which was 14:1, indicating that it had the highest maturity.

[0037] Depend on Fig. 9 It can be seen that the initial GI value of each treatment is about 20%. Until the end of the composting period, the GI values ​​in Examples 1 to 6 are 96%, 100%, 90%, 99%, 80%, and 88%, respectively, all of which have reached the maturity requirements.

[0038] Example 1 of the present invention provides a simple and rapid composting technology SFJ25 for combining rape straw with goose manure off-field. This technology combines rape straw with goose manure and inoculates it with straw-decomposing bacteria, controls the initial C / N ratio to 25:1, achieves rapid temperature rise of the pile and prolongs the duration of the high-temperature stage, significantly accelerates the maturity of the compost, and demonstrates the high efficiency of the technology in composting efficiency.

[0039] In terms of compost quality, Example 1 showed significant advantages at the end of composting: its E 4 / E 6 The value of Example 1 is the lowest (2.9:1), indicating that its compost maturity is the highest; the C / N ratio is the lowest (14:1), further confirming its advantage of high maturity. The GI value of Example 1 reaches 96%, which meets the requirements of maturity, indicating that this technology can effectively improve the biosafety and fertilizer efficiency of compost.

[0040] From the perspective of environmental friendliness, the pH value and EC value in the composting process of the above embodiment meet the relevant requirements of the national standard (NY525-2012) and the "Sanitary Standard for Harmless Treatment of Excrement" (GB7959-2012), indicating that the technology can effectively control the generation of harmful substances in the composting process, and is environmentally friendly, safe and reliable.

[0041] In summary, the rape straw off-field and goose manure rapid composting technology SFJ25 provided in Example 1 of the present invention shows significant advantages and innovations in terms of composting efficiency, composting quality, environmental friendliness, etc. This technology not only effectively solves the problem of rape straw treatment, but also can convert it into high-quality organic fertilizer, has broad application prospects and promotion value, and provides new technical support for the resource utilization of agricultural waste and sustainable agricultural development.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple and rapid composting technology for rape straw and goose manure on site, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Raw material collection: preparing rape straw, straw-decomposing fungi, urea and goose manure; (2) Raw material mixing: the rape straw prepared in step (1) is mixed with goose manure, and the straw-decomposing bacteria prepared in step (1) are inoculated, and the moisture content and C / N are adjusted to obtain a mixed raw material; (3) Raw material fermentation: The mixed raw materials obtained in step (2) are piled into 4m×2m×1m strips for compost fermentation.

2. The simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the rape straw needs to be crushed to 2 cm to 5 cm before use.

3. The simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the stalk-destroying bacteria are composed of Azospirillum n3 and Raoultella vegetative M15H2; the effective viable bacteria count of Azospirillum n3 in the stalk-destroying bacteria is ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL, effective viable count of Raoultella vegetabilis M15H2 ≥ 2×10 8 cfu / mL.

4. The simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of rape straw to goose manure added is (3-5):

1.

5. The simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on-site according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), water is added to adjust the moisture content to 60% to 65%, and urea is added to adjust the C / N ratio to (25 to 30):

1.

6. The simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), the mixed raw material obtained in step (2) is piled into a 4m×2m×1m pile, air outlets are pounded vertically downward from the top every 30 to 50 cm, and the pile is covered with agricultural film for heat preservation. The pile is turned for ventilation and oxygen supply, and fermented for 50 to 60 days at a fermentation temperature of 40 to 60°C.

7. The fermented and decomposed rape straw organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, prepared by a simple and rapid composting technology of rape straw and goose manure on site.

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