Medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method for medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, and belongs to the technical field of energy. Comprising a reactor outer wall, the reactor outer wall is provided with a feeder and a discharger, a central gas collecting pipe is arranged in the reactor outer wall, and a shaftless screw is arranged in a space between the central gas collecting pipe and the inner side of the reactor outer wall; the outer side of the outer wall of the reactor is provided with a heating jacket structure used for heating reaction materials in the reactor in a partitioned manner, the heating jacket structure comprises a low-temperature heating jacket, a constant-temperature jacket and a high-temperature heating jacket, and the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe is provided with a plurality of gas collecting holes used for collecting gas generated by pyrolytic reaction into the central gas collecting pipe; the top end and the bottom end of the central gas collecting pipe are respectively connected with a cyclone separator a and a cyclone separator b which are used for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines, and the cyclone separator a and the cyclone separator b are respectively and jointly connected with a pyrolysis gas outlet through pipelines. The device is simple in structure, good in use effect and convenient for industrial continuous pyrolysis reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of energy technology, and is particularly suitable for a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, and is particularly suitable for pyrolysis of coal and biomass charcoal. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the pyrolysis of coal and biochar, medium and low temperature pyrolysis under relatively mild conditions can generally produce 50-70wt.% of semi-coke, 10-25wt.% of tar, and more than 10wt.% of coke and biomass gas, about 80-100m3 / t. The efficiency of preparing SNG and fuel oil as raw gas and raw oil can reach 75% and 65%, which is much higher than the efficiency of producing SNG (53%) and fuel oil (42-52%) based on direct gasification, and the fixed investment and process water consumption are significantly reduced. Unfortunately, since the beginning of the 19th century, the traditional coal and biomass pyrolysis technology has not yet achieved a complete breakthrough and industrialization. The main foreign technologies include the United States' multi-stage fluidized bed coal and biomass dry distillation pyrolysis COED process, the pulverized coal and biomass rapid pyrolysis Garrett process, the circulating ceramic ball pyrolysis Toscoal process, the two-stage mild gasification Shell pyrolysis Encoal process, Germany's circulating semi-coke pyrolysis Lurgi-Ruhr (LR) process and low-temperature pyrolysis Lurgi-Squel-gas (LS) process, Japan's pulverized coal and biomass high-temperature rapid pyrolysis ECOPRO process, Australia's sand fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis CSIRO process, and Canada's solid heat carrier ATP process. Since the 1970s, China has also developed many technologies, such as the solid heat carrier DG process of Dalian University of Technology, the multi-stage rotary furnace MRF process of Beijing Coal and Biomass Research Institute, and the integrated semi-coke combustion coal and biomass pyrolysis co-production process of Zhejiang University, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Coal and Biomass Carbon Chemistry Institute, and Institute of Engineering Thermophysics. In addition, Shenhua Group's crushed coal and biomass rotary kiln pyrolysis technology, Shenwu Group and other companies have also developed heat and electricity cogeneration processes.

[0003] Although most of the above processes and technologies have been implemented in engineering demonstrations of more than 100 tons, there has been no stable industrial application so far. Most of the previous demonstrations are in a state of complete shutdown, and there is little further research and development. The key technical difficulties that have arisen are: the tar produced by using existing technologies to process raw coal and biomass has a high heavy component, a low total tar yield, and contains a large amount of dust of poor quality. It is urgent to invent a new type of coal and biomass pyrolysis reaction device suitable for industrial research. Solve the above-mentioned problems in industrialization, so as to achieve continuous feeding and improve pyrolysis efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing technology in this field is limited to being unsuitable for industrial applications.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor, comprising a reactor outer wall of tubular structure, a reaction channel is arranged in the central axis of the reactor outer wall, a feeder is connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall, a discharger is connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall, a central gas collecting pipe is arranged in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall, a shaftless spiral for transporting the reaction material downward is arranged in the space between the central gas collecting pipe and the inner side of the reactor outer wall, the size of the shaftless spiral matches the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, and the shaftless spiral rotates relatively around the fixed central gas collecting pipe, so that the reaction material moves downward in a spiral as the shaftless spiral rotates;

[0006] A heating jacket structure for zone heating of the reaction materials inside the reactor is arranged on the outer side of the reactor outer wall, and the heating jacket structure includes a low-temperature heating jacket arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the reactor outer wall for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket arranged on the outer side of the lower part of the reactor outer wall for high-temperature pyrolysis of the materials, and a constant temperature jacket is arranged between the low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket for heat preservation as a transition zone; a low-temperature zone, a constant temperature zone and a high-temperature zone are formed in the reactor outer wall by using the low-temperature heating jacket, the constant temperature jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket;

[0007] A plurality of gas collecting holes for collecting gas generated by pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe. The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe are respectively connected to cyclone separator a and cyclone separator b for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. Cyclone separator a and cyclone separator b are respectively connected to pyrolysis gas outlets through pipelines.

[0008] Furthermore, the reaction materials are coal and biomass. The coal and biomass fed into the feeder need to have a particle size no less than the aperture of the gas collecting hole, so as to reduce the small coal and biomass particles from falling into the central gas collecting pipe, thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas.

[0009] Furthermore, both the feeder and the discharger are spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and discharging process.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket is controlled between 100°C and 120°C to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials to avoid unnecessary side reactions caused by water at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket does not have heating capabilities and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket, forming a temperature increase area from the low-temperature heating jacket to the high-temperature heating jacket in the constant temperature jacket; the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket is higher than 500°C, and the high-temperature heating jacket is the main reaction area for thermal decomposition of the reaction materials. After the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket, the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar and improve the quality of the tar; the three temperature zones formed by the low-temperature heating jacket, the constant temperature jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the tar quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the shaftless screw rotates around the central gas collecting pipe in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials to move downward, and the shaftless screw uses a motor as a power source for rotation.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the heating jacket structure is equal to that of the outer wall of the reactor, the length of the central gas collecting pipe is matched with that of the outer wall of the reactor, and the length of the low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket in the heating jacket structure is adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis work, thereby ensuring the optimal residence time of the low-temperature water vapor and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, which helps to control the pyrolysis reaction and avoid secondary reactions of the volatile matter, thereby optimizing the yield and quality of tar during the pyrolysis process;

[0013] The length of the low-temperature zone and the constant temperature zone is equal to that of the high-temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction materials in the low-temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket heat the reaction materials in the reaction channel through external electric heating or superheated steam respectively. The constant temperature zone is used as a transition zone between the low-temperature zone and the high-temperature zone. There is no need to heat to protect the low-temperature zone. The low-temperature zone is separated from the high-temperature zone by the constant temperature jacket.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas collecting holes are inclined holes arranged upward to reduce the reaction materials falling into the central gas collecting pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, a cleaning port which can be controlled to open or close as needed is provided at the bottom of the central gas collecting pipe, and the reaction materials and post-reaction residues which have fallen into the central gas collecting pipe can be cleaned out by opening the cleaning port.

[0016] A working method of a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, the steps are as follows:

[0017] The shaftless spiral is driven by a motor to rotate around the central gas collecting pipe inside the outer wall of the reactor, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the actual pyrolysis needs;

[0018] The reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw is fed into the shaftless screw through a feeder, and the reaction material moves spirally along the central air collecting pipe toward the discharger on the shaftless screw as it rotates;

[0019] During the movement of the reaction materials, the low-temperature heating jacket continuously preheats the reaction materials on the shaftless spiral to 100°C-120°C, and dries and dehydrates the reaction materials during the preheating process. After that, the reaction materials move to the constant temperature jacket area along with the shaftless spiral, and the reaction materials are dried and dehydrated at this time;

[0020] The constant temperature jacket area is gradually heated up by the high temperature heating jacket as the reaction materials move downward, and the temperature of the reaction materials is raised to a temperature not lower than 500°C. The reaction materials finally reach the area of ​​the high temperature heating jacket and undergo pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction materials under the action of the high temperature heating jacket move toward the gas collecting holes on the central gas collecting pipe, and the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass.

[0021] The cyclone separator a and the cyclone separator b are used to form a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe, and the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and water vapor are assisted to enter the central gas collecting pipe through the gas collecting holes, and then enter the cyclone separator a and the cyclone separator b through the central gas collecting pipe. After the cyclone separator a and the cyclone separator b separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet;

[0022] As the shaftless screw rotates continuously, the reaction materials continue to undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and finally reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger, thereby achieving a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials;

[0023] The cleaning port is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues that have entered the central gas collecting pipe.

[0024] Beneficial effects: While achieving continuous and uniform feeding of coal and biomass, this device can obtain high-quality pyrolysis products to the greatest extent by collecting pyrolysis water in the low-temperature zone and pyrolysis products in the high-temperature zone, thereby reducing the difficulty of subsequent separation of pyrolysis water and pyrolysis products and reducing the separation cost of water in pyrolysis products. The central gas collecting pipe can guarantee the direction of pyrolysis heat transfer to the greatest extent, reduce secondary reactions, and thus improve the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil and gas; the shaftless spiral feeding method can realize the feeding rate control of coal and biomass, ensure that materials such as coal and biomass descend in layers at a uniform speed, and will not produce funnel flow, which helps to solve the problem of adhesion of materials such as coal and biomass due to temperature increase, thereby affecting the pyrolysis efficiency. This patent helps to solve the problems of high heavy components in the pyrolysis products of materials such as coal and biomass in traditional pyrolysis methods, high tar dust content, difficulty in oil-water separation, and unbalanced material feeding, and provides a basis for the next step of improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil and gas and industrial application.

[0025] The device is provided with a heating jacket structure for heating the reaction materials in the device in different zones. The pyrolysis efficiency is improved by adopting a heat transfer method of high temperature heating and rapid transfer in the volatile matter generation and semi-coke polycondensation stages. A gas channel is provided to guide the directional overflow of volatile matter, thereby achieving the same-direction diffusion and transfer of heat and volatile matter. The reactor is provided with a discharge port at the bottom, which can be cleaned in time and heated in multiple sections, thereby fully improving the thermal energy utilization efficiency and product quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1. feeder, 2. flange interface, 3. cyclone separator a, 4. motor, 5. low-temperature heating jacket, 6. shaftless screw, 7. central gas collecting pipe, 8. gas collecting hole, 9. reactor outer wall, 10. discharger, 11. pyrolysis gas outlet, 12. constant temperature jacket, 13. high-temperature heating jacket, 14. cyclone separator b, 15. cleaning port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, comprising a reactor outer wall 9 of a tubular structure, a reaction channel is arranged in the central axial direction of the reactor outer wall 9, a feeder 1 is connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall 9, and a discharger 10 is connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall 9, the feeder 1 and the discharger 10 are both spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which can prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and discharging process; a central gas collecting pipe 7 is arranged in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall 9, and a shaftless spiral 6 for transporting the reaction material downward is arranged in the space between the central gas collecting pipe 7 and the inner side of the reactor outer wall 9, the size of the shaftless spiral 6 matches the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, and the shaftless spiral 6 rotates relatively around the fixed central gas collecting pipe 7 , so that the reaction materials move downward in a spiral as the shaftless screw 6 rotates; the shaftless screw 6 rotates around the central gas collecting pipe 7 in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials in moving downward, and the shaftless screw 6 uses the motor 4 as a power source for rotation; the reaction materials are coal and biomass, and the coal and biomass fed into the feeder 1, and the particle size of the coal and biomass needs to be ensured to be no less than the aperture of the gas collecting hole 8, so as to reduce the small coal and biomass particles from falling into the central gas collecting pipe 7, thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas; the gas collecting hole 8 is an upwardly arranged inclined hole to reduce the reaction materials from falling into the central gas collecting pipe 7; the bottom end of the central gas collecting pipe 7 is provided with a cleaning port 15 which can be controlled to switch as needed, and the reaction materials and post-reaction residues that fall into the central gas collecting pipe 7 are cleaned by opening the cleaning port 15.

[0030] A heating jacket structure for zone heating of the reaction materials inside the reactor is arranged on the outside of the reactor outer wall 9, and the heating jacket structure includes a low-temperature heating jacket 5 arranged on the outside of the upper part of the reactor outer wall 9 for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket 13 arranged on the outside of the lower part of the reactor outer wall 9 for high-temperature pyrolysis of the materials, and a constant temperature jacket 12 is arranged between the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13, which serves as a transition zone for heat preservation; a low-temperature zone, a constant temperature zone and a high-temperature zone are formed in the reactor outer wall 9 by using the low-temperature heating jacket 5, the constant temperature jacket 12 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13;

[0031] A plurality of gas collecting holes 8 for collecting gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe 7 are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe 7. The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe 7 are respectively connected to a cyclone separator a3 and a cyclone separator b14 for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. The cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 are respectively connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet 11 through pipelines.

[0032] The heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket 5 is controlled between 100°C and 120°C, which is used to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials to avoid unnecessary side reactions caused by water at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket 12, so the constant temperature jacket 12 does not have heating capability, and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13, and a temperature increase area from the low-temperature heating jacket 5 to the high-temperature heating jacket 13 is formed in the constant temperature jacket 12; the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket 13 is higher than 500°C, and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 is the main reaction area for thermal decomposition of the reaction materials. After the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket 13, the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar and improve the quality of the tar; the three temperature areas formed by the low-temperature heating jacket 5, the constant temperature jacket 12, and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the quality of the tar.

[0033] The length of the heating jacket structure is equal to that of the reactor outer wall 9, and the length of the central gas collecting pipe 7 matches that of the reactor outer wall 9. The lengths of the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 in the heating jacket structure are adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis work, thereby ensuring the optimal residence time of the low-temperature steam and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, which helps to control the pyrolysis reaction and avoid secondary reactions of the volatile matter, thereby optimizing the yield and quality of tar during the pyrolysis process;

[0034] The length of the low-temperature zone and the constant temperature zone is equal to that of the high-temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction materials in the low-temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 respectively heat the reaction materials in the reaction channel through external electric heating or superheated steam. The constant temperature zone is used as a transition zone between the low-temperature zone and the high-temperature zone. There is no need to heat the low-temperature zone to protect it. The constant temperature jacket 12 is used to separate the low-temperature zone 5 from the high-temperature zone 13.

[0035] A reaction method of a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, the steps are as follows:

[0036] (1) After passing through the feeder 1, the coal and biomass directly enter the reactor containing the shaftless spiral central gas collecting pipe, which is located on both sides of the central gas collecting pipe 7;

[0037] (2) The pyrolysis device heats the outer wall of the reactor through the heating jacket 5 to heat the pyrolysis coal and biomass. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas products heat the pyrolysis coal and biomass through the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas phase products during their movement to the pyrolysis gas collection holes 8.

[0038] (3) The pyrolysis gas product enters the central gas collecting pipe 7 through the gas collecting hole 8 and enters the cyclone separator 3 through the pipeline to separate the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil;

[0039] (4) Under the driving force of the motor 4, the central air collecting pipe 7 rotates continuously, so that the coal and biomass are continuously fed in and discharged and fully reacted. After the coal and biomass powder undergo pyrolysis reaction, the coal and biomass slag are directly discharged from the discharger 10, which greatly improves the production efficiency.

[0040] The shaftless screw 6 is driven by the motor 4 to rotate around the central gas collecting pipe 7 inside the outer wall 9 of the reactor, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the actual pyrolysis needs;

[0041] The feeder 1 is used to feed the reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw 6 onto the shaftless screw 6. The reaction material moves spirally along the central gas collecting pipe 7 toward the discharger 10 on the shaftless screw 6 as it rotates.

[0042] During the movement of the reaction materials, the low-temperature heating jacket 5 continuously preheats the reaction materials on the shaftless screw 6 at 100°C-120°C, and dries and dehydrates the reaction materials during the preheating process. After that, the reaction materials move to the constant temperature jacket 12 area along with the shaftless screw 6, and the reaction materials are dried and dehydrated at this time;

[0043] The constant temperature jacket 12 area is gradually heated up by the high temperature heating jacket 13 as the reaction materials move downward, and the temperature of the reaction materials is raised to a temperature not lower than 500° C. The reaction materials finally reach the area of ​​the high temperature heating jacket 13 to undergo a pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas phase products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction materials under the action of the high temperature heating jacket 13 move toward the gas collecting holes 8 on the central gas collecting pipe 7, and the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass.

[0044] The cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 are used to form a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe 7, and the auxiliary pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and water vapor enter the central gas collecting pipe 7 through the gas collecting hole 8, and enter the cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 through the central gas collecting pipe 7. After the cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 11;

[0045] As the shaftless screw 6 rotates continuously, the reaction materials continue to undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and finally reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger 10, thereby achieving a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials;

[0046] The cleaning port 15 is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues entering the central gas collecting pipe 7 .

Claims

1. A medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reactor outer wall (9) of tubular structure, a reaction channel is arranged in the central axial direction of the reactor outer wall (9), a feeder (1) is connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall (9), a discharger (10) is connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall (9), a central gas collecting pipe (7) is arranged in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall (9), and a shaftless spiral (6) for transporting reaction materials downward is arranged in the space between the central gas collecting pipe (7) and the inner side of the reactor outer wall (9), the size of the shaftless spiral (6) matches the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, and the shaftless spiral (6) rotates relatively around the fixed central gas collecting pipe (7), so that the reaction materials move downward in a spiral as the shaftless spiral (6) rotates; A heating jacket structure for zone-heating the reaction materials inside the reactor is arranged outside the reactor outer wall (9), the heating jacket structure comprising a low-temperature heating jacket (5) arranged outside the upper portion of the reactor outer wall (9) for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket (13) arranged outside the lower portion of the reactor outer wall (9) for high-temperature pyrolysis of the materials, a constant temperature jacket (12) for heat preservation as a transition zone is arranged between the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); a low-temperature zone, a constant temperature zone and a high-temperature zone are formed inside the reactor outer wall (9) by using the low-temperature heating jacket (5), the constant temperature jacket (12) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); A plurality of gas collecting holes (8) for collecting gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe (7) are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe (7). The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe (7) are respectively connected to a cyclone separator a (3) and a cyclone separator b (14) for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. The cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) are respectively connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet (11) through pipelines.

2. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction materials are coal and biomass. The coal and biomass fed into the feeder (1) need to have a particle size no less than the aperture of the gas collecting hole (8) so as to reduce the number of too small coal and biomass particles falling into the central gas collecting pipe (7), thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas.

3. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder (1) and the discharger (10) are both spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and discharging processes.

4. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket (5) is controlled between 100°C and 120°C, so as to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials, thereby preventing the water from generating unnecessary side reactions at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket (12), so the constant temperature jacket (12) does not have a heating capability, and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); a temperature rise region from the low-temperature heating jacket (5) to the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is formed in the constant temperature jacket (12); the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is higher than 500°C, and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is the main reaction region for the pyrolysis of the reaction materials; after the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket (13), the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products; at the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar, thereby improving the quality of the tar; the three temperature regions formed by the low-temperature heating jacket (5), the constant temperature jacket (12) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the pyrolysis of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the tar quality.

5. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaftless screw (6) rotates around the central gas collecting pipe (7) in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials to move downward. The shaftless screw (6) uses a motor (4) as a power source for rotation.

6. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the heating jacket structure is equal to that of the reactor outer wall (9), the length of the central gas collecting pipe (7) and the reactor outer wall (9) are matched, and the length of the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) in the heating jacket structure is adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis work, thereby ensuring the optimal residence time of the low-temperature water vapor and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, helping to control the pyrolysis reaction, avoiding secondary reactions of volatiles, and thus optimizing the yield and quality of tar during the pyrolysis process; The length of the low temperature zone and the constant temperature zone is equal to that of the high temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction material in the low temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low temperature heating jacket (5) and the high temperature heating jacket (13) respectively heat the reaction material in the reaction channel by external electric heating or superheated steam. The constant temperature zone is used as a transition zone between the low temperature zone and the high temperature zone. Heating is not required to protect the low temperature zone. The constant temperature jacket (12) is used to separate the low temperature zone (5) from the high temperature zone (13).

7. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collecting hole (8) is an upwardly inclined hole so as to reduce the reaction materials falling into the central gas collecting pipe (7).

8. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning port (15) whose opening and closing can be controlled as required is provided at the bottom end of the central gas collecting pipe (7). The reaction materials and post-reaction residues that have fallen into the central gas collecting pipe (7) can be cleaned out by opening the cleaning port (15).

9. A reaction method using the coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Here are the steps: The shaftless screw (6) is driven by a motor (4) to rotate around a central gas collecting pipe (7) inside an outer wall (9) of a reactor, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to actual pyrolysis needs; The reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw (6) is fed into the shaftless screw (6) through the feeder (1), and the reaction material moves in a spiral along the central gas collecting pipe (7) toward the discharger (10) on the shaftless screw (6) as it rotates; During the movement of the reaction materials, the low-temperature heating jacket (5) continuously preheats the reaction materials on the shaftless screw (6) to 100° C.-120° C., and the reaction materials are dried and dehydrated during the preheating process. After that, the reaction materials move along with the shaftless screw (6) to the constant temperature jacket (12), and the reaction materials are dried and dehydrated at this time; The constant temperature jacket (12) area is gradually heated up by the high temperature heating jacket (13) as the reaction materials move downward, and the temperature of the reaction materials is raised to a temperature not lower than 500° C. The reaction materials finally reach the area of ​​the high temperature heating jacket (13) and undergo a pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas phase products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction materials under the action of the high temperature heating jacket (13) move toward the gas collecting holes (8) on the central gas collecting pipe (7), and at the same time, the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass. The cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) are used to form a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe (7), so as to assist the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and water vapor to enter the central gas collecting pipe (7) through the gas collecting hole (8), and then enter the cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) through the central gas collecting pipe (7). After the cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet (11); As the shaftless screw (6) continuously rotates, the reaction materials continuously undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and finally reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger (10), thereby achieving a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials; The cleaning port (15) is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues entering the central gas collecting pipe (7).

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