Drill bit regulation and control protection structure for one-time drilling ultimate footage operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a drill bit regulation and control protection structure for one-trip ultimate footage operation, and relates to the technical field of oilfield exploitation drilling equipment.The drill bit regulation and control protection structure comprises a connecting barrel, a buffer connecting barrel is arranged at the top of the connecting barrel, a drill bit is arranged at the top of the buffer connecting barrel, and a flow guide frame is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting barrel and the outer wall of the buffer connecting barrel; the drill bit is intelligently regulated and controlled, when drilling is abnormal or a rock layer needs to be avoided, ground personnel can manually control the drill bit, an electric push rod pushes an outer abutting plate to assist the drill bit in steering, and smooth drilling is ensured; a soil layer is accurately analyzed, data is collected to assist the soil layer analysis unit in splitting, studying and judging a comprehensive soil layer data packet, soft and hard soil areas are defined, a threshold value and a reference audio are compared according to an analysis result, a risk or risk avoiding signal is generated in time, a scheme is adjusted, the risk is reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved; a supervision system is constructed, controller units are linked and intercommunicated with a database, and whole-course intelligent monitoring management is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield exploitation drilling equipment, in particular to a drill bit regulating and protecting structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation. Background Art

[0002] In drilling operations such as oil and gas field development, in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, it is necessary to reduce the number of trips as much as possible. One-trip drilling maximum footage operation has become an important development direction. By increasing the continuous working time and footage length of the drill bit in the well, the drilling cycle can be greatly shortened and the overall operation efficiency can be improved. The geological conditions in different regions vary greatly. The hardness, abrasiveness, and drillability of rocks vary. When performing a drilling operation with a maximum footage, the drill bit needs to adapt to various complex geological conditions, such as hard rock formations, broken zones, and highly abrasive formations. This places higher demands on the performance of the drill bit and the control and protection structure. During the long drilling process, the cutting teeth, gauge teeth and other parts of the drill bit are easily worn by the rocks, resulting in a smaller drill bit diameter and reduced cutting ability. Especially in extreme footage operations, the wear problem of the drill bit is more prominent. If it cannot be adjusted and protected in time, it may cause the drill bit to fail prematurely, affecting drilling efficiency and quality.

[0003] In conjunction with the above content, it should be noted that: Chinese patent application number CN2015108674473 discloses a buffer energy storage device for protecting a downhole screw drill and a drill bit combination, which adjusts the drilling pressure borne by the drill bit through an energy storage short section, and has a good torque transmission function while reducing shock. It can be used as a transmission part of a downhole power motor to prevent damage to the screw drill and the drill bit during drilling, and plays a certain buffering and protective role on the screw drill and the drill bit; However, during actual use, due to the adjustment and operation of the maximum footage of a drilling trip at a certain depth underground, the drill bit needs to continuously pass through multiple strata. Soft strata may cause the drill bit to over-cut, while hard strata are prone to excessive wear and damage to the drill bit, which makes it impossible for the automatic adjustment range of the energy storage short section in the above-mentioned comparative patent to be adaptively regulated according to a variety of complex geological environments. In addition, due to the combined interference of the hardness of the geological coating and obstacles in the soil, the drilling direction is uncontrollable, which in turn affects the progress of the subsequent maximum footage operation of a drilling trip.

[0004] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation to solve the proposed problem.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation, comprising a connecting cylinder, a buffer connecting cylinder is arranged on the top of the connecting cylinder, a drill bit is arranged on the top of the buffer connecting cylinder, a guide frame is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder and the buffer connecting cylinder, a driving motor is arranged inside the connecting cylinder, and a cluster sleeve is arranged on the bottom end surface of the driving motor, and a controller and an integrated sensor that are communicatively connected to an external master controller are arranged inside the cluster sleeve; An adjusting sealing disk close to the clustering sleeve is arranged inside the connecting cylinder, a plurality of groups of outer contact plates are arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the adjusting sealing disk, an outer sealing disk is arranged below the outer contact plate, and a tail cone cylinder close to the outer sealing disk is arranged at the bottom of the connecting cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of adjustment holes are provided in a circular array on the outer peripheral wall at the bottom of the connecting cylinder, and the adjustment holes are sleeved with the outer contact plates. The adjustment sealing disk is clamped inside the connecting cylinder and close to the adjustment holes, and a clamp hinged to the plurality of outer contact plates is provided at the bottom of the adjustment sealing disk.

[0008] Furthermore, an inner cylinder frame is arranged between the adjusting sealing disk and the outer sealing disk, and an electric push rod hinged to the inner wall of the outer contact plate is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner cylinder frame. The inner wall of the tail cone cylinder is connected to the outer sealing disk, and an external valve port is arranged on the bottom cross section of the tail cone cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, a buffer pad is recessed inside the buffer connection cylinder, and a transmission shaft connected to the output end of the drive motor is arranged in the middle of the buffer pad.

[0010] Furthermore, the controller is provided with a drilling supervision platform, a drilling line data acquisition unit, a soil layer analysis unit and a pre-control and risk avoidance unit, and the controller is connected to the database of the ground main control room to form a prediction and supervision system for a drilling limit footage operation; The drilling line data acquisition unit collects a comprehensive soil layer data packet of the underground soil layer structure in the advancing direction of the drill bit during a drilling trip, and sends the comprehensive soil layer data packet to the soil layer analysis unit; After receiving the comprehensive soil layer data packet, the soil layer analysis unit immediately splits and analyzes the data contained therein, generates soft soil signal and hard soil signal in combination with the additional drilling forward speed data, analyzes the comprehensive soil layer data packet according to the hard soil signal, generates drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal, and sends the soft soil signal, hard soil signal, drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil layer analysis unit disassembles and analyzes the comprehensive soil layer data packet as follows: the soil layer analysis unit obtains the first data generation time point of the group of comprehensive soil layer data packets to the last data generation time point of the current deadline, marks it as a soil layer acquisition period, and evenly divides it into a number of sub-periods; The soil layer data package includes a set of drilling soil layer resistance values ​​and a set of drilling noise storage. The set of drilling soil layer resistance values ​​is represented by precise data on the change in the magnitude of the drilling rotation torque when the drive motor drives the drill bit to rotate. The drilling noise storage set is represented by the noise audio generated by the cutting friction between the drill bit and the soil layer during a drilling trip.

[0012] Further, the drilling advance rate data of a drilling trip of the maximum footage operation is obtained, the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate pre-stored in the database is obtained, a bar graph is constructed with the sub-cycle as the X-axis and the advance distance as the Y-axis, and after the acquisition time of the drilling advance rate data is matched with the sub-cycle time, the actual conversion mean of the drilling advance rate data in each group of sub-cycles is performed, and the bar graph is filled according to the size of the converted mean; like Figure 7 As shown, the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate is synchronously filled in the bar chart, and the upper and lower fluctuation range limit values ​​of the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate are obtained from the database: If there is a part in the histogram that exceeds the upper limit of the fluctuation range, it means that the drill bit advances too slowly in this area, and a soft soil layer is marked in this area, and a soft soil signal is generated; if there is a part in the histogram that is lower than the lower limit of the fluctuation range, it is marked that a hard soil layer exists in this area, and a hard soil signal is generated; if there is no part in the histogram that exceeds the fluctuation range, it means that there is no change in the soil layer in this area, no signal is generated, and the soft soil signal and hard soil signal are sent to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit.

[0013] Furthermore, when a hard soil signal is generated, the soil layer analysis unit immediately retrieves the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set, and retrieves the pre-stored resistance threshold and rock layer noise reference audio from the database for comparison with the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set: If the average value of the drilling soil layer resistance value set is less than the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set is consistent with the rock layer noise reference audio, it is judged that the area is in the rock layer area, and the drilling plan needs to be adjusted immediately to generate a drilling risk signal; if the average value of the exploration soil layer resistance value set is greater than or equal to the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set does not meet the rock layer noise reference audio, it means that the soil layer in the area is messy, and a risk avoidance signal is generated, and the generated drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal are sent to the pre-control risk avoidance unit.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention is that when encountering drilling abnormalities or needing to avoid rock layers, ground personnel can manually control, and the electric push rod drives the outer resistance plate to rotate, thereby assisting the drill bit to change the forward angle, avoid dangerous areas, and ensure smooth drilling.

[0015] The present invention achieves full-process monitoring and intelligent management of a drilling extreme footage operation by constructing a prediction and supervision system: the various units inside the controller cooperate with each other and communicate with the database of the ground main control room to ensure the scientific and orderly progress of the drilling operation.

[0016] The present invention collects the drilling soil layer resistance value through the Hall effect torque sensor in the cluster sleeve, collects the drilling noise through the recorder, and combines the forward speed data obtained by the GPS positioning sensor. The soil layer analysis unit can accurately split and analyze the comprehensive soil layer data packet to determine the soft soil and hard soil areas; based on the soil layer analysis results, the pre-stored threshold and the reference audio are compared, and the drilling risk signal or the risk avoidance signal is generated in time and sent to the pre-control risk avoidance unit, so as to adjust the drilling plan in advance, reduce the construction risk, and improve the drilling efficiency and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting cylinder of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting cylinder and the buffer connecting cylinder of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the coccyx tube and the regulating sealing disk of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of adjusting the sealing disk of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a histogram of the system data of the present invention.

[0019] Figure numerals: 1. connecting cylinder; 101. adjusting hole; 2. guide frame; 3. buffer connecting cylinder; 301. buffer pad; 302. transmission shaft; 4. tail cylinder; 401. external valve port; 5. driving motor; 501. cluster sleeve; 6. adjusting sealing disk; 601. external contact plate; 602. clamping part; 603. external sealing disk; 604. electric push rod; 605. inner cylinder frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment is a drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation, comprising a connecting cylinder 1, a buffer connecting cylinder 3 is arranged on the top of the connecting cylinder 1, a drill bit is arranged on the top of the buffer connecting cylinder 3, and a guide frame 2 is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 1 and the buffer connecting cylinder 3; A driving motor 5 is arranged inside the connecting cylinder 1, and a clustering sleeve 501 is arranged on the bottom end face of the driving motor 5, and a controller and an integrated sensor which are communicated with the external total control number are arranged inside the clustering sleeve 501; a drilling bit is clamped on the top of the buffer connecting cylinder 3, and the bottom connecting shaft of the drilling bit is sleeved with the transmission shaft 302, and the external valve port 401 is connected to the drill rod.

[0022] An adjusting sealing disk 6 close to the clustering sleeve 501 is arranged inside the connecting cylinder 1, and a plurality of groups of external contact plates 601 are arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the adjusting sealing disk 6, an external sealing disk 603 is arranged below the external contact plates 601, and a tail cone cylinder 4 close to the external sealing disk 603 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting cylinder 1.

[0023] A plurality of adjustment holes 101 are provided in a circular array on the outer peripheral wall at the bottom of the connecting cylinder 1, and the adjustment holes 101 are sleeved with the outer contact plate 601, the adjustment sealing disk 6 is clamped inside the connecting cylinder 1 and close to the adjustment holes 101, and a clamp 602 hinged to the plurality of outer contact plates 601 is provided at the bottom of the adjustment sealing disk 6; an inner cylinder frame 605 is provided between the adjustment sealing disk 6 and the outer sealing disk 603, and an electric push rod 604 hinged to the inner wall of the outer contact plate 601 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the inner cylinder frame 605, the inner wall of the tail cone cylinder 4 is connected to the outer sealing disk 603, and an external valve port 401 is provided on the bottom cross section of the tail cone cylinder 4.

[0024] A buffer pad 301 is provided in the inner recess of the buffer connection cylinder 3, and a transmission shaft 302 connected to the output end of the drive motor 5 is provided in the middle of the buffer pad 301, waiting for the drill rod to cooperate with the connecting cylinder 1 and the drill bit to enter the well and drill the soil layer underground. When encountering abnormal drilling conditions, the control personnel in the ground main control room manually adjust the operation of the drill bit; While the drill bit continues to move forward, the electric push rod 604 pushes the outer contact plate 601 to rotate along the hinge point of the clamp 602 until the outer wall of the outer contact plate 601 contacts the inner wall of the well, causing the tail of the drill bit to produce an angular deviation. Cooperating with the drill bit's own control components, it is used to assist in adjusting the forward direction of the drill bit and avoid rock layer areas that are extremely harmful to the drill bit. It should be noted that an elastic curtain is arranged between the outer contact plate 601 and the adjustment hole 101 to prevent external mud from seeping in.

[0025] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 As shown, the controller is internally provided with a drilling supervision platform, a drill line data acquisition unit, a soil layer analysis unit and a pre-control and risk avoidance unit. The controller is connected to the database of the ground main control room for communication to form a predictive supervision system for a drilling limit footage operation.

[0026] The drilling supervision platform generates a drill pipe instruction during the continuous drilling and mining operation of a drilling trip, and sends the drill pipe instruction to the drill line data acquisition unit. After receiving the drill pipe instruction, the drill line data acquisition unit immediately controls the integrated sensor to collect the comprehensive soil layer data packet of the underground soil layer structure in the forward direction of the drill head of a drilling trip, and sends the comprehensive soil layer data packet to the soil layer analysis unit. The soil layer analysis unit disassembles and analyzes the comprehensive soil layer data packet as follows: The soil layer analysis unit obtains the time from the first data point generated by the group of comprehensive soil layer data packets to the last data generation time point up to the current deadline, marks it as a soil layer acquisition cycle, and evenly divides it into several sub-cycles.

[0027] The soil layer data packet includes a set of drilling soil layer resistance values ​​and a drilling noise storage set. The drilling soil layer resistance value set is represented by precise data on the change in the magnitude of the drilling rotation torque when the drive motor 5 drives the drill bit to rotate, which is collected by a Hall effect torque sensor connected to the drive motor 5 wires and arranged inside the cluster sleeve 501. The drilling noise storage set is represented by the noise audio generated by the cutting friction between the drill bit and the soil layer during a drilling trip, which is collected by a recorder arranged inside the cluster sleeve 501.

[0028] The additionally acquired drilling forward rate data generates a soft soil signal and a hard soil signal, generates a drilling risk signal and a risk avoidance signal, and sends the drilling risk signal and the risk avoidance signal to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit. The soil layer analysis unit additionally acquires the drilling forward rate data of a drilling extreme footage operation through the drill line data acquisition unit. The drilling forward rate data is represented by the GPS positioning sensor provided inside the cluster sleeve 501, which actually collects accurate data of the forward movement of the drill bit in real time.

[0029] The preset average data threshold of a drilling rate stored in the database is obtained, and a bar graph is constructed with the sub-cycle as the X-axis and the forward distance as the Y-axis. After matching the acquisition time of the drilling forward rate data with the sub-cycle time, the actual conversion mean of the drilling forward rate data in each group of sub-cycles is calculated, and the bar graph is filled according to the size of the converted mean; like Figure 7 As shown, the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate is filled in the bar graph, and the upper and lower fluctuation range limits of the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate are obtained from the database. The fluctuation range limit values ​​are displayed in the bar graph in the form of dotted lines. It should be noted that A represents the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate, B represents the actual converted average value of the forward speed data of the drilling trip, C represents the part exceeding the upper limit of the fluctuation range limit value, D represents the part below the lower limit of the fluctuation range limit value, and E represents the fluctuation range limit value: If there is a part in the histogram that exceeds the upper limit of the fluctuation range, it means that the drill bit's advancement rate in this area is too slow, and a soft soil layer is marked in this area. A soft soil signal is generated and sent to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit. When the pre-control and risk avoidance unit receives the soft soil signal, it generates text in the style of "Abnormal soft soil drilling rate / Supervise the direction of drill bit advancement / Pay attention to drilling intervention" and displays it on the display screen of the ground main control room, while issuing a short "beep beep" alarm sound.

[0030] If there is a part in the histogram that is below the lower limit of the fluctuation range, the area is marked as having a hard soil layer, and a hard soil signal is generated. The hard soil signal is sent to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit. When the pre-control and risk avoidance unit receives the soft soil signal, it generates text in the style of "abnormal hard soil drilling rate / risk of drill bit wear / please actively intervene in the drilling process" and displays it on the display screen of the ground main control room. At the same time, a continuous "beep beep" short alarm sound is emitted, which needs to be manually turned off.

[0031] If there is no part in the histogram that exceeds the limit value of the fluctuation range, it means that the soil layer in this area has not changed and no signal is generated.

[0032] After receiving the comprehensive soil layer data packet, the soil layer analysis unit immediately splits and analyzes the data contained therein. When generating a hard soil signal, the comprehensive soil layer data packet is analyzed according to the hard soil signal. The soil layer analysis unit immediately retrieves the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set, and retrieves the pre-stored resistance threshold value and rock layer noise reference audio from the database for comparison with the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set: If the average value of the drilling soil layer resistance value set is less than the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set is consistent with the rock layer noise reference audio, it is judged that the area is in the rock layer area, and it is necessary to immediately adjust the drilling plan and generate a drilling risk signal. The generated drilling risk signal is sent to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit. After receiving the drilling risk signal, the pre-control and risk avoidance unit immediately generates a text message in the style of "rock layer drilling risk / actively adjust the forward direction / actively adjust the drilling plan" and displays it on the display screen in the main control room, emitting a long "di---" sound, accompanied by a flashing alarm light.

[0033] If the average value of the soil layer resistance value set is greater than or equal to the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set does not conform to the rock layer noise reference audio, it means that the soil layer in the area is messy, and a hazard signal is generated. The generated hazard signal is sent to the pre-control hazard unit. After receiving the hazard signal, the pre-control hazard unit immediately generates a "messy soil layer / high attention" style text message and displays it on the display screen in the main control room, emitting a "drip, drip, drip" sound insulation.

[0034] Combining Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that the present invention has many advantages in a drilling operation: First, the drill bit can be intelligently controlled. When encountering drilling anomalies or needing to avoid rock layers, ground personnel can manually control it, and the electric push rod 604 pushes the outer contact plate 601 to assist the drill bit in steering, ensuring smooth drilling; second, the soil layer can be accurately analyzed. The Hall effect torque sensor, recorder and GPS positioning sensor in the cluster sleeve 501 work together to collect data to help the soil layer analysis unit split and analyze the comprehensive soil layer data package to define the soft and hard soil areas; third, efficient risk avoidance warning, based on the analysis results, comparing thresholds and reference audio, timely generate risk or risk avoidance signals, adjust the plan, reduce risks, and improve drilling efficiency; fourth, build a supervision system, the controller units are linked, and communicate with the database to achieve full-process intelligent monitoring and management.

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation, comprising a connecting cylinder (1), characterized in that: A buffer connection cylinder (3) is arranged at the top of the connecting cylinder (1), a drill bit is arranged at the top of the buffer connection cylinder (3), a flow guide frame (2) is arranged on the outer walls of the connecting cylinder (1) and the buffer connection cylinder (3), a drive motor (5) is arranged inside the connecting cylinder (1), and a cluster sleeve (501) is arranged on the bottom end surface of the drive motor (5), and a controller and an integrated sensor that are communicatively connected to an external master control number are arranged inside the cluster sleeve (501); An adjusting sealing disk (6) close to the clustering sleeve (501) is arranged inside the connecting cylinder (1); a plurality of groups of external contact plates (601) are arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the adjusting sealing disk (6); an external sealing disk (603) is arranged below the external contact plates (601); and a tail cone cylinder (4) close to the external sealing disk (603) is arranged at the bottom of the connecting cylinder (1).

2. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of adjustment holes (101) are provided in a circular array on the outer peripheral wall at the bottom of the connecting cylinder (1), and the adjustment holes (101) are sleeved with the outer contact plates (601). The adjustment sealing disk (6) is clamped inside the connecting cylinder (1) and close to the adjustment holes (101). A clamping piece (602) hinged to the plurality of outer contact plates (601) is provided at the bottom of the adjustment sealing disk (6).

3. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An inner cylinder frame (605) is provided between the regulating sealing disk (6) and the outer sealing disk (603); an electric push rod (604) hinged to the inner wall of the outer contact plate (601) is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the inner cylinder frame (605); the inner wall of the tail cylinder (4) is connected to the outer sealing disk (603), and an external valve port (401) is provided on the bottom cross section of the tail cylinder (4).

4. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A buffer pad (301) is provided in a recessed manner inside the buffer connection cylinder (3), and a transmission shaft (302) connected to the output end of the drive motor (5) is provided in the middle of the buffer pad (301).

5. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The controller is internally provided with a drilling supervision platform, a drilling line data acquisition unit, a soil layer analysis unit and a pre-control and risk avoidance unit. The controller is connected to the database of the ground main control room through communication to form a prediction and supervision system for a drilling limit footage operation. The drilling line data acquisition unit collects a comprehensive soil layer data packet of the underground soil layer structure in the advancing direction of the drill bit during a drilling trip, and sends the comprehensive soil layer data packet to the soil layer analysis unit; After receiving the comprehensive soil layer data packet, the soil layer analysis unit immediately splits and analyzes the data contained therein, generates soft soil signal and hard soil signal based on the acquired drilling forward speed data, analyzes the comprehensive soil layer data packet according to the hard soil signal, generates drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal, and sends the soft soil signal, hard soil signal, drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit.

6. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil layer analysis unit disassembles and analyzes the comprehensive soil layer data packet as follows: the soil layer analysis unit obtains the first data generation time point of the group of comprehensive soil layer data packets to the last data generation time point of the current deadline, marks it as a soil layer acquisition period, and evenly divides it into a number of sub-periods; The soil layer data package includes a set of drilling soil layer resistance values ​​and a set of drilling noise storage. The set of drilling soil layer resistance values ​​is represented by precise data of the change in the magnitude of the drilling rotation torque when the drive motor (5) drives the drill bit to rotate. The drilling noise storage set is represented by the noise audio generated by the contact and cutting friction between the drill bit and the soil layer during one drilling trip.

7. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The forward rate data of a drilling trip of the maximum footage operation is obtained, and the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate stored in the database is obtained. A bar chart is constructed with the sub-cycle as the X-axis and the forward distance as the Y-axis. After matching the acquisition time of the forward rate data of a drilling trip with the sub-cycle time, the actual conversion mean of the forward rate data of a drilling trip in each group of sub-cycles is performed, and the bar chart is filled according to the size of the converted mean. The preset average data threshold of the drilling rate is filled in the bar chart, and the upper and lower fluctuation range limits of the preset average data threshold of the drilling rate are obtained from the database: If there is a part in the histogram that exceeds the upper limit of the fluctuation range, it means that the drill bit advances too slowly in this area, indicating that there is a soft soil layer in this area, and a soft soil signal is generated; If there is a part in the histogram that is lower than the lower limit of the fluctuation range, it is marked that there is a hard soil layer in the area, and a hard soil signal is generated; If there is no part in the histogram that exceeds the limit value of the fluctuation range, it means that the soil layer in the area has not changed, no signal is generated, and the soft soil signal and the hard soil signal are sent to the pre-control and risk avoidance unit.

8. The drill bit control and protection structure for one-trip drilling limit footage operation according to claim 7, characterized in that: When a hard soil signal is generated, the soil layer analysis unit immediately retrieves the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set, and retrieves the pre-stored resistance threshold and rock layer noise reference audio from the database for comparison with the drilling soil layer resistance value set and the drilling noise storage set: If the average value of the drilling soil layer resistance value set is less than the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set conforms to the rock layer noise reference audio, it is judged that the area is in the rock layer area, and the drilling plan needs to be adjusted immediately to generate a drilling risk signal; if the average value of the drilling soil layer resistance value set is greater than or equal to the resistance threshold, and the drilling and cutting noise storage set does not conform to the rock layer noise reference audio, it means that the soil layer in the area is messy, and a risk avoidance signal is generated, and the generated drilling risk signal and risk avoidance signal are sent to the pre-control risk avoidance unit.

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