Real-time monitoring system and method for lifting and lowering of heavy slurry cap of pressure-controlled drilling well

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a real-time monitoring system and method for pulling a heavy slurry cap in a pressure-controlled drilling well tube, and is applied to the field of geological exploration and development. The method comprises a tripping overflow key parameter monitoring module, a shaft real-time calculation decision module and a shaft pressure intelligent control module. The tripping overflow key parameter monitoring module is used for obtaining state parameters of a target shaft in the heavy slurry cap tripping process and transmitting the state parameters to the shaft real-time calculation decision module. The shaft real-time calculation decision-making module is used for determining the shaft pressure and the slurry column change condition of the target shaft according to the state parameters; working condition adjusting parameters are determined according to the shaft pressure and the slurry column change condition; and the shaft pressure intelligent control module is used for adjusting the shaft pressure according to the working condition adjusting parameters. According to the system, accurate early warning of the overflow leakage condition in the tripping process of the heavy slurry cap is guaranteed, the control effect on the shaft pressure is improved, and actual production and application are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present specification relate to the field of geological exploration and development technology, and more particularly to a system and method for real-time monitoring of the tripping of a heavy grout cap in a pressure-controlled drilling wellbore. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous extension of oil and gas field development, the exploration and development field has gradually developed into deep and ultra-deep layers, and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of the production process. At present, the pressure-controlled drilling technology can be used to control the wellhead back pressure and the wellbore pressure by applying the corresponding equipment system to ensure that the wellbore pressure is always within the safe range, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of production accidents.

[0003] The pressure-controlled drilling technology can effectively control the wellbore pressure during normal drilling and pump stop to connect a single well. However, during the drilling process, especially when the heavy slurry cap is used, the pressure-controlled drilling technology does not have corresponding monitoring and control means, and it is difficult to ensure the effective control of the wellbore pressure during the drilling process. Once leakage or overflow occurs during the drilling process, it cannot be discovered and prevented in time, that is, there are certain safety hazards at this stage. In order to ensure the safety of the entire process, there is an urgent need for a solution that can effectively monitor the wellbore pressure during the drilling process of the heavy slurry cap. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of this specification is to provide a real-time monitoring system and method for the wellbore during the tripping of the heavy grouting cap in a pressure-controlled drilling operation, so as to solve the problem of how to effectively monitor the wellbore pressure during the tripping of the heavy grouting cap.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present specification proposes a real-time monitoring system for the wellbore during the lifting and lowering of the heavy slurry cap during pressure-controlled drilling, including a key parameter monitoring module for lifting and lowering leakage, a wellbore real-time calculation and decision module and a wellbore pressure intelligent control module; the key parameter monitoring module for lifting and lowering leakage is used to obtain the state parameters of the target wellbore during the lifting and lowering of the heavy slurry cap, and transmit the state parameters to the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module; the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to determine the pressure condition and slurry column change condition of the target wellbore using the state parameters; determine the operating condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and slurry column change condition; the operating condition adjustment parameters include at least one of the density of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the amount of heavy slurry cap drilling fluid used, the lifting and lowering speed and the pressure control value; the wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to adjust the wellbore pressure according to the operating condition adjustment parameters.

[0006] In some embodiments, the state parameters include at least one of inlet and outlet flow rates, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position, well depth, liquid level depth, and temperature.

[0007] Based on the above implementation mode, the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage includes at least one of a vertical pressure sensor, a casing pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold temperature sensor, a drilling fluid inlet flow meter, a drilling fluid outlet flow meter, a drilling fluid inlet and outlet density monitoring meter, an electronic liquid level monitor, and an annulus liquid level continuous monitoring device.

[0008] Based on the above implementation, each sensor of the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage is configured with a signal transmitting module; the real-time calculation and decision module of the wellbore is configured with a signal receiving module; the signal transmitting module is used to send the status parameters collected by the sensor to the signal receiving module.

[0009] In some embodiments, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module has pre-entered wellbore pressure profile parameters corresponding to the target wellbore; the wellbore pressure profile parameters include at least one of the wellbore structure, drill bit assembly, drilling fluid performance, formation predicted pressure coefficient, preset controlled bottom hole pressure, and preset equivalent drilling fluid density.

[0010] Based on the above implementation, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is also used to construct a wellbore structure model according to the wellbore pressure profile parameters; determine the wellbore dynamic model in combination with the wellbore structure model and state parameters; and determine the wellbore pressure change condition according to the wellbore dynamic model.

[0011] In some embodiments, the real-time wellbore calculation decision module includes a steady-state calculation unit and a transient calculation unit; the steady-state calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure on a preset steady-state calculation path through steady-state calculation; the transient calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure on a preset quasi-transient path through quasi-transient calculation.

[0012] In some embodiments, the wellbore real-time calculation decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure according to drilling flow conditions; the drilling flow conditions include single-phase flow of drilling fluid.

[0013] Based on the above implementation, the real-time wellbore calculation and decision module includes a drilling hydraulics calculation system; the drilling hydraulics calculation system is used to realize wellbore pressure calculation; the drilling hydraulics calculation system makes corrections based on the comparison result of the calculated wellbore pressure and the measured wellbore pressure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pressure condition includes wellbore pressure; the wellbore real-time calculation decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure in real time based on the wellbore drilling fluid volume, slurry column structure, drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, depth measurement, and vertical depth.

[0015] In some embodiments, determining the operating condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and slurry column change conditions includes: constructing a leakage model in combination with an electronic guard and an annulus liquid level monitor; and judging whether an abnormal operating condition occurs based on the electronic guard, the annulus liquid level monitor and the leakage model.

[0016] Based on the above implementation mode, the determination of whether an abnormal operating condition occurs according to the change of the slurry column, the suspended weight and the leakage model includes: when it is detected that the inlet flow rate remains unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to decrease, it is determined that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the inlet flow rate remains unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to increase, it is determined that an overflow condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to decrease, it is determined that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to rise, it is determined that an overflow condition occurs.

[0017] In some embodiments, the pressure condition includes wellbore pressure; the wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to control the pressure control value and / or drilling fluid density and / or drilling fluid volume at different liquid level heights based on the relationship between the wellbore pressure and the formation pressure and the leakage pressure.

[0018] Based on the above implementation mode, the wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to increase the pressure control value when the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure when the liquid level is at the wellhead; reduce the pressure control value or reduce the drilling fluid density or reduce the drilling fluid density when the wellbore pressure is greater than the loss pressure; the wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to increase the drilling fluid displacement and the drilling fluid density when the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure when the liquid level is not at the wellhead; reduce the drilling fluid displacement and the drilling fluid density when the wellbore pressure is greater than the loss pressure.

[0019] In some embodiments, the wellbore type of the target wellbore includes one of a vertical well, a deviated well, and a horizontal well.

[0020] The embodiments of the present specification also propose a real-time monitoring method for the wellbore during the lifting and lowering of the heavy grouting cap during pressure-controlled drilling, including: obtaining the state parameters of the target wellbore during the lifting and lowering of the heavy grouting cap; using the state parameters to determine the pressure condition and slurry column change condition of the target wellbore; determining the operating condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and slurry column change condition; the operating condition adjustment parameters include at least one of the density of the heavy grouting cap drilling fluid, the amount of heavy grouting cap drilling fluid used and the pressure control value; and adjusting the wellbore pressure according to the operating condition adjustment parameters.

[0021] It can be seen from the technical solutions provided in the above embodiments of this specification that the real-time monitoring system for the pressure-controlled drilling heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering of the wellbore in the embodiments of this specification obtains the state parameters of the target wellbore during the lifting and lowering of the heavy slurry cap through the key parameter monitoring module for lifting and lowering of the wellbore, and then the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module determines the pressure condition of the wellbore and the slurry column change condition according to the state parameters, thereby determining the working condition adjustment parameters, and then adjusting the wellbore pressure. The above system monitors the lifting and lowering of the heavy slurry cap in real time, and realizes dynamic adjustment of the wellbore according to the real-time data processing results, ensuring accurate early warning of leakage during the lifting and lowering of the heavy slurry cap, improving the control effect of the wellbore pressure, and facilitating actual production applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring system for tripping a heavy grout cap in a managed pressure drilling well according to an embodiment of the present specification;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a wellbore monitoring logic according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wellbore monitoring module according to an embodiment of this specification;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring system for tripping a heavy grout cap in a managed pressure drilling well according to an embodiment of the present specification;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the process of a method for real-time monitoring of a pressure-controlled drilling heavy grout cap when it is tripped and lowered into a wellbore according to an embodiment of the present specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0029] The present specification provides a real-time monitoring system for the tripping of a pressure-controlled drilling heavy grout cap into and out of a wellbore. Figure 1As shown, the controlled pressure drilling heavy slurry cap tripping wellbore real-time monitoring system 100 includes a tripping leakage key parameter monitoring module 110, a wellbore real-time calculation and decision module 120 and a wellbore pressure intelligent control module 130.

[0030] Since the prior art lacks effective monitoring and control of the heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering process, and lacks effective prevention and control of safety accidents such as well leakage or well overflow, the pressure controlled drilling heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering wellbore real-time monitoring system is mainly a system for monitoring the lifting and lowering process, especially the heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering process, which has achieved the purpose of real-time monitoring and effective prevention and control.

[0031] For the convenience of description, the wellbore targeted in the embodiments of this specification is referred to as a target wellbore. The target wellbore can be any one of a vertical well, an inclined well and a horizontal well.

[0032] The key parameter monitoring module for drilling spills is mainly used to detect the condition of the target wellbore to obtain the state parameters of the wellbore during the heavy slurry cap drilling process.

[0033] The key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage may include various types of sensors. In some embodiments, the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage may include a vertical pressure sensor, a casing pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold temperature sensor, a drilling fluid inlet flowmeter, a drilling fluid outlet flowmeter, a drilling fluid inlet and outlet density monitoring meter, an electronic liquid level monitor, an annulus liquid level continuous monitoring device, etc. Preferably, it may also include a gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold flowmeter, a gas-liquid separator liquid outlet pipe flowmeter, a gas flowmeter for the gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe, a mud return branch drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, a gas-liquid separator liquid outlet pipe drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, and a gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe gas component monitoring device.

[0034] Correspondingly, the state parameters include at least one of inlet and outlet flow, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position, well depth, liquid level depth, and temperature. Figure 2 As shown, it is a logical schematic diagram of realizing wellbore monitoring based on the above-mentioned tripping and drilling leakage key parameter monitoring module.

[0035] Among them, the vertical pressure sensor is installed on the drilling riser to collect the riser pressure during the oil drilling operation; the pressure control manifold pressure monitoring device is installed on the pressure control manifold to collect the hydraulic pressure inside the pressure control manifold; the casing pressure sensor is installed on the casing in the well to collect the pressure applied to the casing by the ground; the drilling fluid flow monitoring device is installed at the outlet and inlet of the drilling fluid to collect the inlet and outlet flow of the drilling fluid; the back pressure compensation manifold flow monitoring device is installed on the back pressure compensation manifold to collect the back pressure compensated drilling fluid flow; the gas-liquid separator monitoring device is installed on the gas-liquid separator to collect the liquid flow, exhaust volume and gas components of the gas-liquid separator; the mud return branch drilling fluid rheology monitoring device is installed on the mud return branch to collect the rheology parameters of the drilling fluid in the mud return branch; the parameter monitoring host is connected to the communication device. Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication between the above-mentioned different sensors.

[0036] The liquid level electronic monitoring system is mainly used for data recording and simple analysis, and detects and alarms some relatively simple abnormal conditions. Specifically, the liquid level electronic monitoring system includes real-time recording of data such as drilling fluid performance, inlet and outlet flow, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position and well depth, and preliminary judgment of whether it is abnormal. It can realize remote system automatic monitoring and recording of key data, realize intelligent and automated monitoring, and reduce the probability of accidents due to human error.

[0037] The rheological parameters of the drilling fluid include apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, structural viscosity, static shear force, and dynamic shear force, and the relationship between them can better represent the rheological properties of the mud.

[0038] The annular space liquid level continuous monitoring device comprises a host computer, a front power amplifier, a rear power amplifier, an electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, a sound wave sensor, a temperature sensor, a data collector, a filter, a solenoid valve and a remote control connection device. The host computer uses thousand modulation to detect sound waves, analyze echoes, and calculate the liquid level depth; the front power amplifier is connected to the host computer and is used to amplify the voltage of the modulated audio signal output by the host computer; the rear power amplifier is connected to the front power amplifier and is used to amplify the current of the audio signal output by the front power amplifier; the electromagnetic sound wave transmitter is connected to the rear power amplifier and is used to release the audio signal output by the rear power amplifier; the sound wave sensor is connected to the data collector and is used to collect the transmitted sound waves and echo signals in the annulus; the temperature sensor is connected to the data collector and is used to collect the temperature in the channel where the sound wave sensor is located; the data collector is electrically connected to the host computer and is used to receive and execute the data collection instructions issued by the host computer; the filter is connected between the data collector and the host computer and is used to filter the signal from the data collector to the host computer; the solenoid valve is connected to the host computer through the data collector and is used to open or close the channel connecting the electromagnetic sound wave transmitter and the annulus.

[0039] In a specific application example, the number of pressure sensors is 10; the number of flow meters is 6, including 4 liquid flow meters and 2 gas flow meters; the number of gas phase component monitoring devices is at least 1; the number of drilling fluid rheology monitoring devices is at least 1, and the number of annular liquid level continuous monitoring devices is at least 1. In actual applications, the number of sensors can also be adjusted according to demand, and there is no restriction on this.

[0040] In actual applications, pressure sensors, flow meters, drilling fluid rheology monitoring devices, and annulus liquid level continuous monitoring devices do not need to be fully configured. They can be selected as required according to the specific operation mode on site, or they can be fully configured and the corresponding necessary parameters can be collected as needed.

[0041] The tripping and spillage key parameter monitoring module may include part of the comprehensive logging system and the data acquisition and monitoring system of the drilling rig itself, so part of the collected data may be directly sourced from the logging data center.

[0042] Each sensor in the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, such as the pressure sensor, flow meter, drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, annular liquid level continuous monitoring device, etc., is also equipped with a signal transmission module, and correspondingly, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is equipped with a signal receiving module. The signal transmission module is used to send the state parameters collected by the sensor to the signal receiving module to realize data collection, transmission and subsequent processing.

[0043] Specifically, the drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module is provided with a port for connecting to the logging system, and is connected to the remote monitoring and control system through a communication network device. The sampling frequency of each parameter acquisition sensor in the drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module is consistent with the sampling frequency of the logging system, and is adjusted according to the data sampling frequency of the on-site comprehensive logging system. The drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module provides core basic data for remote intelligent and manual active control of wellbore pressure in oil and gas drilling.

[0044] The tripping and spillage key parameter monitoring module realizes the preprocessing, storage and unified platform display of multi-source large-capacity data such as online monitoring data and logging data.

[0045] After the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage transmits data to the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module can read the status parameters and store them in the corresponding database to achieve persistent storage.

[0046] The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module can use the state parameters to determine the pressure status and slurry column change status of the target wellbore, thereby determining the real-time change status of the pressure and slurry column in the wellbore to achieve wellbore control and working condition adjustment.

[0047] The pressure condition may include the wellbore pressure. Specifically, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module may be used to calculate the wellbore pressure in real time according to the wellbore drilling fluid volume, slurry column structure, drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, depth measurement, and vertical depth.

[0048] The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure according to the drilling flow condition; the drilling flow condition includes the single-phase flow of drilling fluid.

[0049] Specifically, the wellbore real-time calculation decision module may include a high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system to achieve real-time calculation of wellbore pressure. The high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system is divided into two modules: drilling fluid single-phase and gas-liquid two-phase, to meet the requirements of different drilling flow conditions. The drilling hydraulics calculation software can take into account the changing characteristics of drilling fluid density, rheology, etc. with temperature and pressure, and is suitable for water-based drilling fluid and oil-based drilling fluid.

[0050] In some embodiments, the real-time wellbore calculation decision module includes a steady-state calculation unit and a transient calculation unit; the steady-state calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure and circulating pressure loss calculation values ​​on a preset steady-state calculation path through steady-state calculation; the transient calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure and circulating pressure loss calculation values ​​on a preset quasi-transient path through quasi-transient calculation.

[0051] Specifically, the drilling hydraulics calculation software has two main calculation modules: a steady-state calculation model and a pseudo-transient calculation model. The steady-state calculation module is used to perform steady-state calculations on the drilling fluid single-phase fluid or gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the annulus and drill string according to a preset steady-state calculation path to obtain the fluctuating pressure on the preset steady-state path; the pseudo-transient calculation module is used to perform pseudo-transient calculations on the gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the annulus and drill string according to a preset pseudo-transient calculation path to obtain the fluctuating pressure on the preset pseudo-transient path.

[0052] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system for managed pressure drilling heavy grout cap tripping uses a steady-state / quasi-transient calculation module for real-time calculation. All calculated data are stored in the database and can be called at any time. The bottom hole pressure is transmitted to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage in real time, and is presented in real time on the monitoring software, and serves as an important basis for wellbore pressure control. The parameters required for calculation come from the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, and are automatically input into the hydraulic calculation software in real time, and the bottom hole pressure is calculated in real time. The required real-time data include: drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid inlet temperature, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, riser pressure, tool pressure drop (the additional tools added to the drill string in addition to the drill pipe and drill collar, such as MWD, rotary steering, speed-up tools, etc., which generate well pressure, and the data are measured before entering the well), depth measurement, and vertical depth. The remaining data (including wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, drilling tool assembly, drill bit nozzle diameter and number, nozzle pressure drop) are pre-entered in the software before the start of managed pressure drilling.

[0053] The high-precision hydraulic calculation system for managed pressure drilling heavy slurry cap tripping uses a steady-state / quasi-transient calculation module for real-time calculation. All calculated data are stored in the database and can be called at any time. The bottom hole pressure is transmitted to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage in real time, and is presented in real time on the monitoring software, which serves as an important basis for wellbore pressure control. The parameters required for calculation come from the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, and are automatically input into the hydraulic calculation software in real time, and the bottom hole pressure is calculated in real time.

[0054] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system also has the function of correcting and verifying the model. The calculated wellbore pressure is compared with the measured wellbore pressure by using the data of the drilled section of the well for calculation, and then the model is verified and corrected. During the operation, the data of several sections and times of the well that have been drilled in the operation well can also be manually selected to correct the model on site. Furthermore, the model can also be verified and corrected using the classic data reported in the ground simulation experiment or literature.

[0055] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system settings consist of calculation module selection, calculation path selection, parameter input, monitoring data interface, calculation data output port, calculation data display area, data display options and setting box, and database. The calculation data output port is connected to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, the intelligent wellbore pressure intelligent control module, and the artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module.

[0056] The steady-state calculation module and quasi-transient calculation module of the high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system are stored independently, do not interfere with each other, and can run simultaneously.

[0057] In some embodiments, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module has pre-entered wellbore pressure profile parameters corresponding to the target wellbore; the wellbore pressure profile parameters include at least one of the wellbore structure, drill bit assembly, drilling fluid performance, formation predicted pressure coefficient, preset controlled bottom hole pressure, and preset equivalent drilling fluid density.

[0058] Correspondingly, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is also used to construct a wellbore structure model according to the wellbore pressure profile parameters; determine the wellbore dynamic model in combination with the wellbore structure model and state parameters; and determine the slurry column change status according to the wellbore dynamic model.

[0059] Specifically, by analyzing and calculating the friction of the drill string during drilling, a leakage model based on the change of the suspended weight of the drill bit and the liquid level height is established. According to the suspended weight, liquid level position and the wellbore slurry column structure, the wellbore overflow and leakage are judged to provide data support for the wellhead back pressure control decision.

[0060] After obtaining the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change status, the working condition adjustment parameter can be determined according to the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change status. The working condition adjustment parameter includes at least one of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid density, the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid usage, the tripping speed and the pressure control value.

[0061] In some embodiments, a leakage model may be constructed in combination with the friction of the drill string during tripping and drilling, and then it is determined whether an abnormal operating condition occurs based on the change in the slurry column, the hanging weight, and the leakage model.

[0062] Specifically, when it is detected that the inlet flow remains unchanged and the outlet flow continues to decrease, it is judged that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the inlet flow remains unchanged and the outlet flow continues to increase, it is judged that an overflow condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to decrease, it is judged that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to increase, it is judged that an overflow condition occurs.

[0063] When automatic monitoring and control begins, the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage obtains engineering and equipment parameters uploaded by PWD and well site data acquisition system (integrated logging system or drilling rig data acquisition system) and wellhead pressure control equipment in real time; comprehensively judges the on-site working conditions based on the integrated logging data and equipment parameters, uses the wellbore pressure monitored by real-time PWD and historical data to verify the calculation model parameters, and calculates the wellbore pressure profile in real time, calculates the real-time control casing pressure, and issues casing pressure value instructions. The alarm prompts mainly include but are not limited to: well leakage, overflow, drill stuck, and drill bit leakage alarms. The judgment strategy is that if the inlet flow rate is unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to decrease, a well leakage alarm is issued; if the inlet flow rate is unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to rise, a well kick alarm is issued; if the speed, drilling pressure, and displacement parameters are unchanged and the torque continues to increase, a drill stuck warning is issued; if the displacement, speed, and drilling pressure parameters are unchanged and the pump pressure decreases, a drill bit leakage prompt is issued.

[0064] The wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to adjust the wellbore pressure according to the working condition adjustment parameters. In practical applications, the pressure control value and / or drilling fluid density can be controlled at different liquid level heights according to the size relationship between the wellbore pressure and the formation pressure, the bottom hole pressure and the leakage pressure.

[0065] The following is a control description for different conditions: (1) When the liquid level is at the wellhead, ① the software simulates and calculates the wellbore pressure distribution during the entire process, and the ground continuously circulates the drilling fluid to control the pressure during drilling; ② During drilling, the annulus liquid level monitor is used in combination with the electronic monitoring system to analyze the wellbore drilling fluid volume and slurry column structure and calculate the wellbore pressure distribution. When the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure, the throttle valve is automatically adjusted to increase the pressure control value appropriately to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure. When the bottom hole pressure is greater than the leakage pressure, the pressure control value is automatically reduced or the drilling fluid density or the drilling fluid volume is reduced to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is less than the leakage pressure.

[0066] (2) When the liquid level is not at the wellhead, ① the software simulates and calculates the wellbore pressure distribution during the entire process, and the ground continuously circulates the drilling fluid and controls the pressure to pull the drill in and out; ② during the pull-in and out process, the annular liquid level monitor is used in combination with the electronic monitoring system to analyze the wellbore drilling fluid volume and slurry column structure and calculate the wellbore pressure distribution. When the bottom hole pressure is lower than the formation pressure, the surface drilling fluid displacement and density are automatically increased, and real-time analysis and calculation are performed to ensure that the wellbore pressure is greater than the formation pressure; when the bottom hole pressure is greater than the leakage pressure, the drilling fluid displacement and density are automatically reduced to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is less than the leakage pressure.

[0067] The wellbore pressure intelligent control module may also include an artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module. When complex working conditions occur, it can be switched to artificial control according to corresponding analysis results to ensure effective control of complex working conditions such as well leakage and uncontrolled blowout.

[0068] The following is an example of a specific scenario. Figure 4 The figure shows the structure diagram of the real-time monitoring system for the pressure-controlled drilling heavy grouting cap tripping wellbore. The real-time data monitoring module is connected to the intelligent wellbore pressure intelligent control module and the artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module respectively; the real-time data monitoring module is used to collect relevant data under the pressure-controlled drilling heavy grouting cap tripping working condition in real time; the intelligent wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to process and analyze the collected relevant parameters to form a database, and automatically control and adjust the wellbore pressure in combination with the actual working conditions; the artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used for the on-site operator to manually control the wellbore pressure according to the actual working conditions and relevant parameters.

[0069] After receiving the engineering and equipment parameters, the real-time data monitoring module calculates and analyzes the processed data, visualizes the wellbore slurry column structure, and corrects and adjusts the calculated data according to the real-time data to ensure real-time leakage monitoring and early warning during the heavy slurry cap tripping. After a complex leakage occurs, when the liquid level is at the wellhead, the wellbore pressure intelligent control module issues a casing pressure value control instruction to control the throttle valve opening to further control the wellhead back pressure value; when the liquid level is not at the wellhead, combined with the electronic guard system, the density, usage, position, displacement mud volume, and tripping speed of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid are used as decision output samples, and the wellbore pressure intelligent control module issues a multi-parameter control instruction.

[0070] Through the introduction of the above embodiments and scenario examples, it can be seen that the above-mentioned pressure-controlled drilling heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering wellbore real-time monitoring system obtains the state parameters of the target wellbore during the heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering process through the lifting and lowering leakage key parameter monitoring module, and then the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module determines the wellbore pressure condition and slurry column change condition according to the state parameters, thereby determining the working condition adjustment parameters, and then adjusting the wellbore pressure. The above-mentioned system monitors the heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering process in real time, and realizes dynamic adjustment of the wellbore according to the real-time data processing results, ensuring accurate early warning of leakage conditions during the heavy slurry cap lifting and lowering process, improving the control effect of the wellbore pressure, and facilitating actual production applications.

[0071] Based on the above-mentioned real-time monitoring system for the lifting of a heavy grouting cap in a controlled pressure drilling well, the present embodiment also proposes a real-time monitoring method for the lifting of a heavy grouting cap in a controlled pressure drilling well. The execution subject of the real-time monitoring method for the lifting of a heavy grouting cap in a controlled pressure drilling well can be the above-mentioned real-time monitoring system for the lifting of a heavy grouting cap in a controlled pressure drilling well. Figure 5 As shown, the method for real-time monitoring of the managed pressure drilling heavy grout cap tripping in and out of the wellbore may include the following specific implementation steps.

[0072] S510: Acquire state parameters of the target wellbore during the process of heavy slurry cap tripping.

[0073] The key parameter monitoring module for drilling spills is mainly used to detect the condition of the target wellbore to obtain the state parameters of the wellbore during the heavy slurry cap drilling process.

[0074] The key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage may include various types of sensors. In some embodiments, the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage may include a vertical pressure sensor, a casing pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold temperature sensor, a drilling fluid inlet flowmeter, a drilling fluid outlet flowmeter, a drilling fluid inlet and outlet density monitoring meter, an electronic liquid level monitor, an annulus liquid level continuous monitoring device, etc. Preferably, it may also include a gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold flowmeter, a gas-liquid separator liquid outlet pipe flowmeter, a gas flowmeter for the gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe, a mud return branch drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, a gas-liquid separator liquid outlet pipe drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, and a gas-liquid separator exhaust pipe gas component monitoring device.

[0075] Correspondingly, the state parameters include at least one of inlet and outlet flow, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position, well depth, liquid level depth, and temperature. Figure 2 As shown, it is a logical schematic diagram of realizing wellbore monitoring based on the above-mentioned tripping and drilling leakage key parameter monitoring module.

[0076] Among them, the vertical pressure sensor is installed on the drilling riser to collect the riser pressure during the oil drilling operation; the pressure control manifold pressure monitoring device is installed on the pressure control manifold to collect the hydraulic pressure inside the pressure control manifold; the casing pressure sensor is installed on the casing in the well to collect the pressure applied to the casing by the ground; the drilling fluid flow monitoring device is installed at the outlet and inlet of the drilling fluid to collect the inlet and outlet flow of the drilling fluid; the back pressure compensation manifold flow monitoring device is installed on the back pressure compensation manifold to collect the back pressure compensated drilling fluid flow; the gas-liquid separator monitoring device is installed on the gas-liquid separator to collect the liquid flow, exhaust volume and gas components of the gas-liquid separator; the mud return branch drilling fluid rheology monitoring device is installed on the mud return branch to collect the rheology parameters of the drilling fluid in the mud return branch; the parameter monitoring host is connected to the communication device. Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication between the above-mentioned different sensors.

[0077] The liquid level electronic monitoring system is mainly used for data recording and simple analysis, and detects and alarms some relatively simple abnormal conditions. Specifically, the liquid level electronic monitoring system includes real-time recording of data such as drilling fluid performance, inlet and outlet flow, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position and well depth, and preliminary judgment of whether it is abnormal. It can realize remote system automatic monitoring and recording of key data, realize intelligent and automated monitoring, and reduce the probability of accidents due to human error.

[0078] The rheological parameters of the drilling fluid include apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, structural viscosity, static shear force, and dynamic shear force, and the relationship between them can better represent the rheological properties of the mud.

[0079] The annular space liquid level continuous monitoring device comprises a host computer, a front power amplifier, a rear power amplifier, an electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, a sound wave sensor, a temperature sensor, a data collector, a filter, a solenoid valve and a remote control connection device. The host computer uses thousand modulation to detect sound waves, analyze echoes, and calculate the liquid level depth; the front power amplifier is connected to the host computer and is used to amplify the voltage of the modulated audio signal output by the host computer; the rear power amplifier is connected to the front power amplifier and is used to amplify the current of the audio signal output by the front power amplifier; the electromagnetic sound wave transmitter is connected to the rear power amplifier and is used to release the audio signal output by the rear power amplifier; the sound wave sensor is connected to the data collector and is used to collect the transmitted sound waves and echo signals in the annulus; the temperature sensor is connected to the data collector and is used to collect the temperature in the channel where the sound wave sensor is located; the data collector is electrically connected to the host computer and is used to receive and execute the data collection instructions issued by the host computer; the filter is connected between the data collector and the host computer and is used to filter the signal from the data collector to the host computer; the solenoid valve is connected to the host computer through the data collector and is used to open or close the channel connecting the electromagnetic sound wave transmitter and the annulus.

[0080] In a specific application example, the number of pressure sensors is 10; the number of flow meters is 6, including 4 liquid flow meters and 2 gas flow meters; the number of gas phase component monitoring devices is at least 1; the number of drilling fluid rheology monitoring devices is at least 1, and the number of annular liquid level continuous monitoring devices is at least 1. In actual applications, the number of sensors can also be adjusted according to demand, and there is no restriction on this.

[0081] In actual applications, pressure sensors, flow meters, drilling fluid rheology monitoring devices, and annulus liquid level continuous monitoring devices do not need to be fully configured. They can be selected as required according to the specific operation mode on site, or they can be fully configured and the corresponding necessary parameters can be collected as needed.

[0082] The tripping and spillage key parameter monitoring module may include part of the comprehensive logging system and the data acquisition and monitoring system of the drilling rig itself, so part of the collected data may be directly sourced from the logging data center.

[0083] Each sensor in the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, such as the pressure sensor, flow meter, drilling fluid rheology monitoring device, annular liquid level continuous monitoring device, etc., is also equipped with a signal transmission module, and correspondingly, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is equipped with a signal receiving module. The signal transmission module is used to send the state parameters collected by the sensor to the signal receiving module to realize data collection, transmission and subsequent processing.

[0084] Specifically, the drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module is provided with a port for connecting to the logging system, and is connected to the remote monitoring and control system through a communication network device. The sampling frequency of each parameter acquisition sensor in the drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module is consistent with the sampling frequency of the logging system, and is adjusted according to the data sampling frequency of the on-site comprehensive logging system. The drilling and leakage key parameter monitoring module provides core basic data for remote intelligent and manual active control of wellbore pressure in oil and gas drilling.

[0085] The tripping and spillage key parameter monitoring module realizes the preprocessing, storage and unified platform display of multi-source large-capacity data such as online monitoring data and logging data.

[0086] S520: Determine the pressure status of the target wellbore and the change status of the slurry column using the state parameters.

[0087] The pressure condition may include the wellbore pressure. Specifically, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module may be used to calculate the wellbore pressure in real time according to the wellbore drilling fluid volume, slurry column structure, drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, depth measurement, and vertical depth.

[0088] The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure according to the drilling flow condition; the drilling flow condition includes the single-phase flow of drilling fluid.

[0089] Specifically, the wellbore real-time calculation decision module may include a high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system to achieve real-time calculation of wellbore pressure. The high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system is divided into two modules: drilling fluid single-phase and gas-liquid two-phase, to meet the requirements of different drilling flow conditions. The drilling hydraulics calculation software can take into account the changing characteristics of drilling fluid density, rheology, etc. with temperature and pressure, and is suitable for water-based drilling fluid and oil-based drilling fluid.

[0090] In some embodiments, the real-time wellbore calculation decision module includes a steady-state calculation unit and a transient calculation unit; the steady-state calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure and circulating pressure loss calculation values ​​on a preset steady-state calculation path through steady-state calculation; the transient calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure and circulating pressure loss calculation values ​​on a preset quasi-transient path through quasi-transient calculation.

[0091] Specifically, the drilling hydraulics calculation software has two main calculation modules: a steady-state calculation model and a pseudo-transient calculation model. The steady-state calculation module is used to perform steady-state calculations on the drilling fluid single-phase fluid or gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the annulus and drill string according to a preset steady-state calculation path to obtain the fluctuating pressure on the preset steady-state path; the pseudo-transient calculation module is used to perform pseudo-transient calculations on the gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the annulus and drill string according to a preset pseudo-transient calculation path to obtain the fluctuating pressure on the preset pseudo-transient path.

[0092] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system for managed pressure drilling heavy grout cap tripping uses a steady-state / quasi-transient calculation module for real-time calculation. All calculated data are stored in the database and can be called at any time. The bottom hole pressure is transmitted to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage in real time, and is presented in real time on the monitoring software, and serves as an important basis for wellbore pressure control. The parameters required for calculation come from the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, and are automatically input into the hydraulic calculation software in real time, and the bottom hole pressure is calculated in real time. The required real-time data include: drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid inlet temperature, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, riser pressure, tool pressure drop (the additional tools added to the drill string in addition to the drill pipe and drill collar, such as MWD, rotary steering, speed-up tools, etc., which generate well pressure, and the data are measured before entering the well), depth measurement, and vertical depth. The remaining data (including wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, drilling tool assembly, drill bit nozzle diameter and number, nozzle pressure drop) are pre-entered in the software before the start of managed pressure drilling.

[0093] The high-precision hydraulic calculation system for managed pressure drilling heavy slurry cap tripping uses a steady-state / quasi-transient calculation module for real-time calculation. All calculated data are stored in the database and can be called at any time. The bottom hole pressure is transmitted to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage in real time, and is presented in real time on the monitoring software, which serves as an important basis for wellbore pressure control. The parameters required for calculation come from the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, and are automatically input into the hydraulic calculation software in real time, and the bottom hole pressure is calculated in real time.

[0094] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system also has the function of correcting and verifying the model. The calculated wellbore pressure is compared with the measured wellbore pressure by using the data of the drilled section of the well for calculation, and then the model is verified and corrected. During the operation, the data of several sections and times of the well that have been drilled in the operation well can also be manually selected to correct the model on site. Furthermore, the model can also be verified and corrected using the classic data reported in the ground simulation experiment or literature.

[0095] The high-precision drilling hydraulic calculation system settings consist of calculation module selection, calculation path selection, parameter input, monitoring data interface, calculation data output port, calculation data display area, data display options and setting box, and database. The calculation data output port is connected to the key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, the intelligent wellbore pressure intelligent control module, and the artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module.

[0096] The steady-state calculation module and quasi-transient calculation module of the high-precision drilling hydraulics calculation system are stored independently, do not interfere with each other, and can run simultaneously.

[0097] In some embodiments, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module has pre-entered wellbore pressure profile parameters corresponding to the target wellbore; the wellbore pressure profile parameters include at least one of the wellbore structure, drill bit assembly, drilling fluid performance, formation predicted pressure coefficient, preset controlled bottom hole pressure, and preset equivalent drilling fluid density.

[0098] Correspondingly, the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is also used to construct a wellbore structure model according to the wellbore pressure profile parameters; determine the wellbore dynamic model in combination with the wellbore structure model and state parameters; and determine the slurry column change status according to the wellbore dynamic model.

[0099] Specifically, by analyzing and calculating the friction of the drill string during drilling, a leakage model based on the change of the suspended weight of the drill bit and the liquid level height is established. According to the suspended weight, liquid level position and the wellbore slurry column structure, the wellbore overflow and leakage are judged to provide data support for the wellhead back pressure control decision.

[0100] S530: Determine operating condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and slurry column change conditions; the operating condition adjustment parameters include at least one of the density of heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the usage of heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the tripping speed and the pressure control value.

[0101] After obtaining the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change status, the working condition adjustment parameter can be determined according to the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change status. The working condition adjustment parameter includes at least one of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid density, the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid usage, the tripping speed and the pressure control value.

[0102] In some embodiments, a leakage model may be constructed in combination with the friction of the drill string during tripping and drilling, and then it is determined whether an abnormal operating condition occurs based on the change in the slurry column, the hanging weight, and the leakage model.

[0103] Specifically, when it is detected that the inlet flow remains unchanged and the outlet flow continues to decrease, it is judged that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the inlet flow remains unchanged and the outlet flow continues to increase, it is judged that an overflow condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to decrease, it is judged that a leakage condition occurs; when it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level height continues to increase, it is judged that an overflow condition occurs.

[0104] When automatic monitoring and control begins, the key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage obtains engineering and equipment parameters uploaded by PWD and well site data acquisition system (integrated logging system or drilling rig data acquisition system) and wellhead pressure control equipment in real time; comprehensively judges the on-site working conditions based on the integrated logging data and equipment parameters, uses the wellbore pressure monitored by real-time PWD and historical data to verify the calculation model parameters, and calculates the wellbore pressure profile in real time, calculates the real-time control casing pressure, and issues casing pressure value instructions. The alarm prompts mainly include but are not limited to: well leakage, overflow, drill stuck, and drill bit leakage alarms. The judgment strategy is that if the inlet flow rate is unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to decrease, a well leakage alarm is issued; if the inlet flow rate is unchanged and the outlet flow rate continues to rise, a well kick alarm is issued; if the speed, drilling pressure, and displacement parameters are unchanged and the torque continues to increase, a drill stuck warning is issued; if the displacement, speed, and drilling pressure parameters are unchanged and the pump pressure decreases, a drill bit leakage prompt is issued.

[0105] S540: adjusting the wellbore pressure according to the operating condition adjustment parameters.

[0106] The wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to adjust the wellbore pressure according to the working condition adjustment parameters. In practical applications, the pressure control value and / or drilling fluid density can be controlled at different liquid level heights according to the size relationship between the wellbore pressure and the formation pressure, the bottom hole pressure and the leakage pressure.

[0107] The following is a control description for different conditions: (1) When the liquid level is at the wellhead, ① the software simulates and calculates the wellbore pressure distribution during the entire process, and the ground continuously circulates the drilling fluid to control the pressure during drilling; ② During drilling, the annulus liquid level monitor is used in combination with the electronic monitoring system to analyze the wellbore drilling fluid volume and slurry column structure and calculate the wellbore pressure distribution. When the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure, the throttle valve is automatically adjusted to increase the pressure control value appropriately to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure. When the bottom hole pressure is greater than the leakage pressure, the pressure control value is automatically reduced or the drilling fluid density or the drilling fluid volume is reduced to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is less than the leakage pressure.

[0108] (2) When the liquid level is not at the wellhead, ① the software simulates and calculates the wellbore pressure distribution during the entire process, and the ground continuously circulates the drilling fluid and controls the pressure to pull the drill in and out; ② during the pull-in and out process, the annular liquid level monitor is used in combination with the electronic monitoring system to analyze the wellbore drilling fluid volume and slurry column structure and calculate the wellbore pressure distribution. When the bottom hole pressure is lower than the formation pressure, the surface drilling fluid displacement and density are automatically increased, and real-time analysis and calculation are performed to ensure that the wellbore pressure is greater than the formation pressure; when the bottom hole pressure is greater than the leakage pressure, the drilling fluid displacement and density are automatically reduced to ensure that the bottom hole pressure is less than the leakage pressure.

[0109] The wellbore pressure intelligent control module may also include an artificial wellbore pressure intelligent control module. When complex working conditions occur, it can be switched to artificial control according to corresponding analysis results to ensure effective control of complex working conditions such as well leakage and uncontrolled blowout.

[0110] It should be noted that the controlled pressure drilling heavy slurry cap tripping and drilling wellbore real-time monitoring system can be applied to the field of geological exploration and development technology, and can also be applied to other technical fields except the field of geological exploration and development technology, without limitation.

[0111] Although the process flows described above include multiple operations that occur in a particular order, it should be clearly understood that the processes may include more or fewer operations, which may be performed sequentially or in parallel (eg, using parallel processors or a multi-threaded environment).

[0112] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present specification. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0113] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0114] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of this specification may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of this specification may take the form of complete hardware embodiments, complete software embodiments or embodiments combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of this specification may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0116] The present specification embodiments may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The present specification embodiments may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0117] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment. In the description of this specification, the description of the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of this specification. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily target the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, in the absence of contradiction, a person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0118] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for the tripping of a heavy grout cap during pressure-controlled drilling, characterized in that: It includes a key parameter monitoring module for tripping and leakage, a real-time calculation and decision-making module for the wellbore, and an intelligent control module for the wellbore pressure; The tripping and spillage key parameter monitoring module is used to obtain the state parameters of the target wellbore during the heavy slurry cap tripping and transmission of the state parameters to the wellbore real-time calculation and decision module; The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to determine the pressure status and slurry column change status of the target wellbore by using the state parameters; determine the working condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and slurry column change status; the working condition adjustment parameters include at least one of the density of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the usage of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the tripping speed and the pressure control value; The wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to adjust the wellbore pressure according to the working condition adjustment parameters.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The state parameters include at least one of inlet and outlet flow rates, casing pressure, vertical pressure, hook height, hanging weight, drill bit position, well depth, liquid level depth, and temperature.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The key parameter monitoring module for drilling and leakage includes at least one of a vertical pressure sensor, a casing pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold pressure sensor, a pressure control manifold temperature sensor, a drilling fluid inlet flow meter, a drilling fluid outlet flow meter, a drilling fluid inlet and outlet density monitoring meter, an electronic liquid level monitor, and an annulus liquid level continuous monitoring device.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is pre-entered with wellbore pressure profile parameters corresponding to the target wellbore; the wellbore pressure profile parameters include at least one of the wellbore structure, drill bit assembly, drilling fluid performance, formation predicted pressure coefficient, preset controlled bottom hole pressure, and preset equivalent drilling fluid density.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is also used to construct a wellbore structure model according to the wellbore pressure profile parameters; determine a wellbore dynamic model in combination with the wellbore structure model and state parameters; and determine a wellbore pressure change condition according to the wellbore dynamic model.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wellbore real-time calculation decision module includes a steady-state calculation unit and a transient calculation unit; the steady-state calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure on a preset steady-state calculation path through steady-state calculation; the transient calculation unit is used to obtain the fluctuating pressure on a preset quasi-transient path through quasi-transient calculation.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure according to the drilling flow condition; the drilling flow condition includes the single-phase flow of drilling fluid.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module includes a drilling hydraulics calculation system; the drilling hydraulics calculation system is used to realize wellbore pressure calculation.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressure conditions include wellbore pressure; The wellbore real-time calculation and decision module is used to calculate the wellbore pressure in real time according to the wellbore drilling fluid volume, slurry column structure, drilling fluid inlet density, drilling fluid rheological parameters, displacement, depth measurement, and vertical depth.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of the operating condition adjustment parameters according to the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change conditions includes: Combine electronic guard and annular liquid level monitor to build a spill model; Determine whether an abnormal operating condition occurs based on the electronic guard, annular liquid level monitor and the leakage model.

11. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that The determining whether an abnormal operating condition occurs according to the slurry column change condition, the suspended weight and the leakage model includes: When the liquid level is detected at the wellhead and the inlet flow rate remains unchanged while the outlet flow rate continues to decrease, it is determined that a leakage condition has occurred; When it is detected that the liquid level is at the wellhead and the inlet flow rate remains unchanged, and the outlet flow rate continues to rise, it is determined that an overflow condition has occurred; When it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annular liquid level continues to drop, it is determined that a lost circulation condition has occurred; When it is detected that the liquid level is not at the wellhead and the annulus liquid level continues to rise, it is determined that an overflow condition has occurred.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein: The pressure condition includes wellbore pressure; the wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to control the pressure control value and / or drilling fluid density and / or drilling fluid volume at different liquid level heights according to the size relationship between wellbore pressure and formation pressure and leakage pressure.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein: The wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to increase the pressure control value when the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure when the liquid level is at the wellhead; and to reduce the pressure control value or reduce the drilling fluid density or the drilling fluid volume when the wellbore pressure is greater than the leakage pressure; The wellbore pressure intelligent control module is used to increase the drilling fluid displacement and drilling fluid density when the wellbore pressure is less than the formation pressure when the liquid level is not at the wellhead; and to reduce the drilling fluid displacement and drilling fluid density when the wellbore pressure is greater than the leakage pressure.

14. A method for real-time monitoring of a pressure-controlled drilling heavy grout cap when tripping a wellbore, characterized in that: include: Obtain the state parameters of the target wellbore during the heavy slurry cap tripping process; Determine the pressure condition of the target wellbore and the change condition of the slurry column by using the state parameters; Determine the working condition adjustment parameter according to the wellbore pressure and the slurry column change condition; the working condition adjustment parameter includes at least one of the density of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid, the usage of the heavy slurry cap drilling fluid and the pressure control value; The wellbore pressure is adjusted according to the operating condition adjustment parameters.

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