Safety supporting method for surrounding rock crushing shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shaft support, and discloses a surrounding rock crushing shaft safety support method which comprises the following steps: S1, filling crushed stones in a crushed shaft, stably stacking the crushed stones in the shaft and a roadway at the lower end of the shaft by using a natural angle of repose, and erecting a lifting platform at the upper end of the shaft; s2, an operator descends to the top of the gravel through the lifting platform, and after the gravel supports the lifting platform, supporting operation is conducted on the side wall of the shaft in the current range; s3, the lifting platform is lifted, broken stones of a preset part are cleaned in the roadway at the lower end of the shaft, and the broken stones in the shaft move downwards by a preset distance under the action of gravity; and S4, the step S2 and the step S3 are repeated in sequence till the supporting operation of the broken part in the shaft is completed. According to the safe supporting method for the surrounding rock crushing shaft, the shaft can be safely supported, and meanwhile the construction efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft support, and in particular to a method for safely supporting a shaft with broken surrounding rocks. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the requirements of ventilation and pedestrians in the mine, a large number of shaft projects need to be constructed. In order to ensure construction safety and speed up the well completion, the shaft is currently generally constructed by reverse drilling. However, the surrounding rock of some mines is broken, and the shaft wall will collapse to varying degrees during the reverse drilling project or after the well is completed, resulting in irregular enlargement of the actual well section. For example, Figure 1 As shown. In addition, the surrounding rock fracture area may continue to collapse. In order to ensure the subsequent ventilation of the shaft and the safety of pedestrians, the shaft needs to be supported and a ladder room installed. The actual cross-section of a shaft with severe surrounding rock fracture will be much larger than the designed cross-section. During the support and installation process, Figure 2 As shown, the gap between the hoisting platform, which serves as a platform for lifting personnel and working, and the actual well wall is too large. In order to carry out support operations such as anchoring nets and shotcreting on the well wall, the workers need to work close to the well wall. When they are close to the well wall, they will be at the edge of the hoisting platform, causing it to tilt, which is neither convenient for construction nor safe. In addition, when working in the well, personnel are suspended high in the air, which is very dangerous.

[0003] Patent "CN104612695A" discloses a method for repairing and reinforcing a severely collapsed shaft wall, which performs grouting in the collapsed shaft to prevent further collapse of the shaft wall and provide a working platform for the repair work. However, during the repair and reinforcement process, as the construction gradually proceeds downward, it is necessary to use a pneumatic pick to break and remove the solidified grouting layer in the shaft, and then use a bucket to transport it out of the shaft, resulting in slow construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and its purpose is to provide a safe support method for a surrounding rock broken shaft, which can safely support the shaft and has high construction efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for safely supporting a surrounding rock broken wellbore, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Fill the broken shaft with crushed stones, use the natural repose angle to make the crushed stones accumulate stably in the shaft and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, and set up a lifting platform at the upper end of the shaft;

[0007] S2. The operator descends to the top of the gravel through the lifting platform. After the gravel forms support for the lifting platform, the side wall of the wellbore within the current range is supported.

[0008] S3, lifting the lifting platform, cleaning a preset portion of the gravel in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, so that the gravel in the shaft moves downward a preset distance under the action of gravity;

[0009] S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 in sequence until the support operation of the broken part in the wellbore is completed.

[0010] As an embodiment, in step S1, when filling the broken wellbore with crushed stones, the height of the top of the crushed stones is 1 to 2 meters lower than the height of the top of the broken part of the wellbore.

[0011] As an implementation mode, in step S2, after the operator descends to the top of the crushed stone via the lifting platform, the operator also performs a flattening operation on the top of the crushed stone.

[0012] As an embodiment, in step S3, the crushed stones are moved downwards by 1 to 3 meters each time.

[0013] As an embodiment, in step S3, the crushed stones are moved downwards by 2 meters each time.

[0014] As an embodiment, in step S3, a scraper is used to transport a preset portion of crushed rocks in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft to an area away from the shaft.

[0015] As an implementation method, after completing the support operation of the broken part in the shaft, all the broken stones in the shaft and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft are cleaned up.

[0016] As an implementation method, the support operation for the sidewall of the wellbore includes constructing anchor rods inside the well wall and constructing a shotcrete layer on the surface of the well wall.

[0017] As an embodiment, a lifting platform is set up at the upper end of the shaft, including a fixed stabilizing car and a sheave, wherein the sheave is fixed directly above the shaft, and the wire rope on the stabilizing car is fixedly connected to the hanging plate after passing through the sheave.

[0018] As an implementation method, when the operator is working in the hanging platform, the operator is also fixedly connected to the hanging platform through a safety belt.

[0019] According to the above description and practice, the method for safe support of the surrounding rock crushing shaft described in the present invention fills the surrounding rock crushing shaft with gravel, and utilizes the natural repose angle to make the gravel accumulate stably in the shaft and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, thereby forming temporary support for the shaft and temporarily supporting the lifting platform above. When the construction personnel go down into the shaft via the lifting platform, the lifting platform falls on the upper end of the gravel and is supported by the gravel, which can provide a stable working platform for the construction personnel. When the subsequent support operations such as drilling anchor construction are carried out, the lifting platform will not only not tip over, but also has high safety, and can also improve the efficiency of the support operation. After completing the shaft side wall support operation within the current range, some gravel is cleaned in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, so that the gravel in the shaft can move downward by a preset distance under the action of gravity, which is convenient for the construction personnel to support the shaft side wall in the next area. By cleaning the gravel in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, the support working surface can be continuously lowered. The entire cleaning process can be completed in the tunnel, and there is no need to lift the gravel in the shaft from above to the outside of the shaft, which improves construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the shaft where the surrounding rock has collapsed.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the traditional wellbore support method for supporting the wellbore.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wellbore supported by a method for safely supporting a wellbore with broken surrounding rocks according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a method for safely supporting a wellbore with broken surrounding rocks after supporting a partial area in the wellbore according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0025] 1. Upper middle lane

[0026] 2. Lower middle lane

[0027] 3. Shaft

[0028] 4. Design boundaries

[0029] 5. Actual Boundary

[0030] 6. Steady car

[0031] 7. Sky Wheel

[0032] 8. Wire rope

[0033] 9. Hanging plate

[0034] 10. Seat belts

[0035] 11. Gravel

[0036] 12. Anchor

[0037] 13. Shotcrete layer DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 The structure of the shaft 3 between the upper middle tunnel 1 and the lower middle tunnel 2 when the surrounding rock is broken and collapsed is shown, wherein the design boundary 4 of the shaft 3 is the position shown by the vertical dotted line, and after the surrounding rock is broken and collapsed, the actual boundary 5 is the position shown by the curve. The actual cross-section of the shaft 3 is significantly increased, and there is a risk of continuous collapse, which affects the normal use of the shaft 3. Figure 2 The traditional support method shown requires drilling anchor rods on the well wall in a suspended hanging plate 9. During the construction, the hanging plate 9 is prone to shaking and tipping over, posing a potential safety hazard.

[0040] In view of this, in this embodiment, a method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured wellbore is disclosed for Figure 1 The surrounding rock shown in the figure is broken and collapsed in the shaft 3 for support work. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The surrounding rock crushing wellbore safety support method comprises the following steps:

[0041] Step S1, filling the crushed shaft 3 with crushed stones 11, utilizing the natural angle of repose to stably pile up the crushed stones 11 in the shaft 3 and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, and setting up a lifting platform at the upper end of the shaft 3.

[0042] Step S2: The operator descends to the top of the gravel 11 via the lifting platform. After the gravel 11 forms support for the lifting platform, the side wall of the shaft 3 within the current range is supported.

[0043] Step S3, lift the lifting platform, clean a preset portion of the gravel 11 in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft 3, and move the gravel 11 in the shaft 3 downward by a preset distance under the action of gravity.

[0044] Step S4, repeat step S2 and step S3 in sequence until the support operation of the broken part in the wellbore 3 is completed.

[0045] The method for safely supporting the surrounding rock crushing shaft is to fill the surrounding rock crushing shaft 3 with crushed stones 11, and utilize the natural repose angle to make the crushed stones 11 accumulate stably in the shaft 3 and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, so as to form temporary support for the shaft 3 and also form temporary support for the lifting platform above. When the construction personnel go down into the shaft 3 via the lifting platform, the lifting platform falls on the upper end of the crushed stones 11, and supported by the crushed stones 11, it can provide a stable working platform for the construction personnel. When the subsequent support operations such as drilling anchor rods 12 are carried out, the lifting platform will not tip over, and has high safety, and can also improve the efficiency of the support operation. After completing the side wall support operation of the shaft 3 within the current range, some crushed stones 11 are cleaned in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft 3, so that the crushed stones 11 in the shaft 3 can be moved downward by a preset distance under the action of gravity, so that the construction personnel can carry out support operations on the side wall of the shaft 3 in the next area. By cleaning the gravel 11 in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft 3, the continuous lowering of the support working surface is achieved. The entire cleaning process can be completed in the tunnel, and there is no need to lift the gravel 11 in the shaft 3 from above to the outside of the shaft 3, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0046] As an embodiment, the lifting platform is set up at the upper end of the shaft 3, including a fixed stabilizing car 6 and a sheave 7, the sheave 7 is fixedly arranged just above the shaft 3, and the wire rope 8 on the stabilizing car 6 is fixedly connected to the hanging plate 9 after passing through the sheave 7. Specifically, as Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, two stabilizing vehicles 6, two sheaves 7 and a hanging plate 9 are provided. The stabilizing vehicle 6 is fixedly arranged in the upper middle section tunnel 1, and the sheave 7 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper middle section tunnel 1 and directly opposite the shaft 3. The steel wire rope 8 on the stabilizing vehicle 6 is fixedly connected to the hanging plate 9 after passing through the sheave 7, and the connection points of the two steel wire ropes 8 and the hanging plate 9 are symmetrically arranged above the hanging plate 9, which can smoothly lift and lower the hanging plate 9, providing a safe working environment for construction personnel.

[0047] Furthermore, when the construction personnel are working in the hanging plate 9, they are also fixedly connected to the hanging plate 9 through the safety belt 10. The safety of the support operation process can be improved.

[0048] As an embodiment, in step S1, when the crushed stone 11 is filled in the broken shaft 3, the height of the top of the crushed stone 11 is 1 to 2 meters lower than the height of the top of the broken part of the shaft 3. A reasonable construction area for a single support operation can be provided for the construction personnel, and after the construction personnel initially descend into the shaft 3, they can directly carry out support operations on the shaft wall within the height range.

[0049] As an embodiment, in step S2, after the operator descends to the top of the crushed stone 11 through the lifting platform, the operator also flattens the top of the crushed stone 11. This can improve the stability of the lifting platform on the crushed stone 11, making the hanging plate 9 more stable and making it safer for the construction workers to perform support operations. In addition, after the construction workers obtain stable support, the corresponding processes such as drilling and anchoring can be carried out more accurately and smoothly.

[0050] As an implementation method, in step S3, each time the gravel 11 is cleaned in the lower middle section tunnel 2, the gravel 11 is controlled to move downward by 1 to 3 meters each time, which can provide a reasonable construction area for a single support operation for the construction personnel. After the construction personnel descend again, they can directly perform support operations on the shaft wall within the height range. For example, in this embodiment, the gravel 11 is controlled to move downward by 2 meters each time to ensure that the construction area formed by each descent is a suitable construction range.

[0051] As an embodiment, in step S3, a scraper is used to transport a preset portion of crushed stone 11 in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft 3 to an area far away from the shaft 3. The scraper is a commonly used equipment in mining operations, which can quickly complete the transfer of materials in each tunnel. Compared with lifting the crushed stone 11 upward from the shaft 3, the efficiency of the transfer of the crushed stone 11 is effectively improved, thereby improving the efficiency of the support operation.

[0052] As an embodiment, after completing the support operation of the broken part in the shaft 3, all the broken stones 11 in the shaft 3 and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft 3 are cleaned up. After that, the shaft 3 can be used normally without worrying about the risk of the shaft wall breaking.

[0053] As an embodiment, the support operation for the side wall of the shaft 3 includes constructing anchor rods 12 inside the shaft wall and constructing a shotcrete layer 13 on the surface of the shaft wall. Specifically, when performing the support operation, firstly, a plurality of anchor rods 12 are constructed and fixed along the shaft wall at preset intervals, then a grid is erected between the anchor rods 12 as a support skeleton for the shotcrete layer 13, and finally, the shotcrete layer 13 is constructed on the surface of the shaft wall, and a relatively firm side wall can be formed after the shotcrete layer 13 solidifies.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for safe support of a surrounding rock fractured wellbore, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Fill the broken shaft with crushed stones, use the natural repose angle to make the crushed stones accumulate stably in the shaft and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, and set up a lifting platform at the upper end of the shaft; S2. The operator descends to the top of the gravel through the lifting platform. After the gravel forms support for the lifting platform, the side wall of the wellbore within the current range is supported. S3, lifting the lifting platform, cleaning a preset portion of the gravel in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft, so that the gravel in the shaft moves downward a preset distance under the action of gravity; S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 in sequence until the support operation of the broken part in the wellbore is completed.

2. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when the crushed wellbore is filled with crushed stones, the height of the top of the crushed stones is 1 to 2 meters lower than the height of the top of the crushed part of the wellbore.

3. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after the operator descends to the top of the crushed stone via the lifting platform, he also flattens the top of the crushed stone.

4. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the crushed stones are moved downward by 1 to 3 meters each time.

5. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the crushed stones are moved downwards by 2 meters each time.

6. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, a scraper is used to transport a preset portion of crushed rocks in the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft to an area away from the shaft.

7. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: After completing the support work of the broken part in the shaft, all the gravel in the shaft and the tunnel at the lower end of the shaft will be cleaned up.

8. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support operation for the shaft sidewall includes constructing anchor rods inside the shaft wall and constructing a shotcrete layer on the shaft wall surface.

9. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock fractured shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lifting platform is set up at the upper end of the shaft, including a fixed stabilizing car and a sheave, wherein the sheave is fixedly arranged just above the shaft, and the steel wire rope on the stabilizing car is fixedly connected to the hanging plate after passing through the sheave.

10. The method for safely supporting a surrounding rock-broken shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the operators are working in the hanging platform, they are fixedly connected to the hanging platform through safety belts.

Images