Wind turbine generator load control method, system and equipment under extreme wind condition and medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generators, and relates to a wind turbine generator load control method, system and device under an extreme wind condition and a medium. The method comprises the following steps that in the installation and operation process of the wind turbine generator, the wind turbine generator obtains a wind condition signal to serve as an input wind condition; whether a unit fault or a power grid power loss fault occurs is judged in real time, and if the fault occurs, a back-up power source is started to serve as a power source for adjusting the unit to the optimal posture; when the input wind condition reaches the preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine generator executes a preset load reduction scheme and is adjusted to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed or / and a monitored wind speed. The wind speed input condition judgment in a single or combined mode of prediction and monitoring is provided, a load reduction and execution scheme based on the predicted wind speed, the monitored wind speed and the combination of prediction and monitoring is given, and the failure risk of the wind turbine generator under the extreme wind condition is reduced to a great extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generator sets, and in particular relates to a method, system, equipment and medium for controlling the load of a wind turbine generator set under extreme wind conditions. Background Art

[0002] Since wind power entered the era of parity, the trend of large-scale wind turbines has significantly intensified due to fierce market competition and cost pressure. In particular, the length of wind turbine blades has entered the "hundred-meter era", and the tower height has continued to rise to 180m or even higher. Wind turbines are complex systems involving aerodynamics, structural dynamics, aeroelasticity, mechanical transmission, electrical, control, materials and other disciplines. The operating environment of wind turbines is complex and changeable. With the increase in the capacity of single units, the application of long and flexible blades and ultra-high towers, and the decline in the competitiveness of the overall cost of wind turbines, higher requirements are placed on the operating reliability of wind turbines and the safety of the entire load.

[0003] Areas rich in wind energy resources are often accompanied by extreme weather. For example, the nine wind zones in Xinjiang and western Inner Mongolia often experience extreme wind speeds, which can reach up to 79.2m / s. Typhoons or super typhoons frequently occur in coastal and offshore areas in the east and south. For example, when the maximum wind speed at a height of 10m exceeds 60m / s, such as when the landfall of Rammasun and Makar, the wind speed exceeds 60m / s. When such extreme wind speeds occur, if the wind turbine loses power due to a sudden fault in the collector line or other faults, the safety of the wind turbine is subjected to a more stringent test. In order to ensure safety, during the design stage of the unit, it is possible to consider improving the unit safety factor by strengthening various components, but this will inevitably lead to a substantial increase in the cost of the unit.

[0004] The current industry consensus is that the problem of the unit being unable to yaw normally when extreme wind speeds and power outages occur can be addressed by adding backup power supplies. However, existing technologies, such as CN202110560496, provide a method for controlling the extreme load of wind turbines based on energy storage. By calculating in advance the correspondence between the minimum extreme load and yaw angle of the unit at each wind speed between the 1-year extreme wind speed and the 50-year extreme wind speed of the target wind farm and the power outage of the power grid, the backup power supply is used to actively yaw the wind to achieve the goal of reducing the load of the wind turbine. However, the patent does not accurately describe wind speed prediction, superimposed blade pitch failures, backup power access, yaw unwinding, etc.

[0005] CN202311849771 provides a typhoon-resistant control method and system for a wind turbine generator set. Based on typhoon warnings based on meteorological data, an intersection model is established in combination with the wind turbine generator set's own typhoon model. Certain constraints are imposed on conditions such as whether the power grid is out of power, pitch failure, and cable release threshold. The yaw-to-wind direction is achieved through a backup power supply to reduce the load of the wind turbine generator set when a typhoon passes. This patent only targets typhoon models and does not mention storm response strategies for onshore units in extreme wind areas such as Xinjiang. At the same time, wind speed prediction, intersection models, backup power supplies, yaw angles, and cable release are not described in detail.

[0006] Active control strategies such as wind turbine pitch control, generator torque control, and yaw action have inertia and hysteresis. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce the load of wind turbines under extreme wind speeds, in addition to relying on the original rotor speed-related quantities (speed, acceleration and corresponding statistical characteristic values), load monitoring, vibration monitoring and other related monitoring variables installed by the unit itself as input, if accurate prediction or front-end measurement data can be introduced as input, the load reduction of wind turbines can be better achieved, especially the load reduction control of wind turbines under extreme wind conditions. Since wind energy resources have complex arbitrariness and randomness, they are easily affected by temperature, circulation, air pressure, terrain, etc. Meteorological monitoring / forecasting systems such as meteorological data and satellite data cannot accurately predict the wind speed, wind direction changes, especially instantaneous gust changes, which are important indicators of wind resources, and cannot achieve real-time forecasts of wind speeds at different altitudes. If the wind speed and wind direction at the machine position at the predicted time point are affected by other external factors and have large deviations, the wind turbine load reduction control strategy based on the predicted data will have major deviations, which is very likely to cause safety risks and accidents. In addition, the existing cabin wind-measuring lidar has a short measurement distance. Even if extreme wind conditions are measured at the front end of the wind rotor, the unit's own response action cannot be adjusted to the preset load reduction position in time, which also brings huge risks.

[0007] The control strategies of wind turbines in response to extreme wind conditions, such as blade pitch angle, wind angle, and actively adjustable main shaft inclination angle, need to be determined through a large amount of simulation data and actual measurement data. If wind turbine failure and power grid failure are superimposed, the control strategy will change significantly. Therefore, the control parameters of wind turbines in response to different operating conditions should correspond one-to-one to other possible probabilistic events such as extreme wind conditions, unit failures, power grid failures, etc., and the parameter size and allowable deviation range should be clearly defined.

[0008] The environment in which wind turbines are located is mostly extremely harsh, typically the impact of tropical cyclones such as typhoons at sea and in offshore areas. Extreme wind zones in some areas all have obvious wind characteristics, mainly reflected in high instantaneous wind speed, drastic changes in wind direction, high turbulence intensity, etc. When such situations occur, once the power grid loses power, the wind turbines cannot be adjusted to a safe position, which can easily lead to unit failure. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, device and medium for controlling the load of a wind turbine under extreme wind conditions, which solves the problem that the wind turbine cannot be adjusted to a safe position once the power grid loses power.

[0010] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0011] The present invention discloses a method for controlling the load of a wind turbine generator set under extreme wind speeds, comprising the following processes:

[0012] During the installation and operation of the wind turbine, the wind turbine obtains wind condition signals as input wind conditions, and determines in real time whether a fault occurs in the turbine itself or a power failure occurs in the power grid. If a fault occurs, the backup power supply is started as the power source for the turbine to adjust to the optimal posture.

[0013] When the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed and / or a monitored wind speed;

[0014] The preset optimal posture is obtained during the wind turbine design simulation stage, specifically:

[0015] In the early design simulation stage of wind turbines, when extreme wind conditions in a certain wind speed or wind speed range are superimposed with faults, the ultimate loads of the unit at different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the preset optimal posture.

[0016] Furthermore, the preset load reduction scheme is adjusted according to the input wind condition signal, specifically including the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the predicted wind speed mode, the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the real-time monitoring wind speed mode, and the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the predicted and monitored wind speed mode;

[0017] The corresponding preset load reduction scheme in the predicted wind speed mode is: when the predicted wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value is selected as the nose direction limit value when the limit wind speed comes, and at the same time, it is used as the yaw control command and sent to the preset load reduction control mode;

[0018] The corresponding preset load reduction scheme in the real-time wind speed monitoring mode is: when the monitored wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value is selected as the nose direction limit value when the limit wind speed comes, and at the same time as the yaw control command, it is sent to the preset load reduction control mode;

[0019] The corresponding preset load reduction plan under the prediction and monitoring wind speed mode is: when using predicted wind speed and monitored wind speed for extreme wind condition identification and benchmark unit action control, the benchmark unit attitude is roughly adjusted through the predicted wind speed data, and fine-tuned through the monitored wind speed data.

[0020] Furthermore, in the real-time wind speed monitoring mode or the wind speed prediction and monitoring mode, the monitored wind speed is obtained based on the wind measuring equipment installed at the front end of the cabin.

[0021] Furthermore, the wind measuring equipment installed at the front end of the nacelle is divided into direct wind measuring equipment and remote wind measuring equipment;

[0022] The distance between the direct wind measuring equipment and the benchmark unit = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit;

[0023] Or, the maximum detection distance of the long-distance wind measuring equipment = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit.

[0024] Furthermore, the sum of all action times of the benchmark unit includes the unwinding time, yaw action time, backup power supply self-starting time, pitch change time and other control action instruction times.

[0025] Furthermore, in the predicted wind speed mode, there are two preset load reduction control modes: a preset load reduction control mode corresponding to when there is no pitch sticking fault and a preset load reduction control mode corresponding to when there is a pitch sticking fault.

[0026] Furthermore, the minimum limit load is when all limit loads are simultaneously minimum, or when some limit loads are simultaneously minimum;

[0027] When all limit loads are not simultaneously minimum, they are deleted in order of importance, and the order of importance is tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz, blade root Mxy and blade root Mz; specifically:

[0028] When all limit loads cannot be simultaneously minimized, the next judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz and blade root Mxy are simultaneously minimized. The next level of judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy and hub Myz are simultaneously minimized, and so on.

[0029] The present invention also discloses a wind turbine load control system under extreme wind speeds, comprising:

[0030] The wind speed acquisition module is used to obtain the wind condition signal of the wind turbine as the input wind condition during the installation and operation of the wind turbine;

[0031] The fault judgment module is used to judge in real time whether there is a fault in the unit itself or a power failure in the power grid. If a fault occurs, the backup power supply is started as the power source to adjust the unit to the optimal state;

[0032] A control module, used for, when the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine set executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed and / or a monitored wind speed;

[0033] The preset optimal posture is obtained during the wind turbine design simulation stage, specifically:

[0034] In the early design simulation stage of wind turbines, when extreme wind conditions in a certain wind speed or wind speed range are superimposed with faults, the ultimate loads of the unit at different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the preset optimal posture.

[0035] The present invention also discloses a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for controlling the load of a wind turbine under extreme wind speeds are implemented.

[0036] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for controlling the load of a wind turbine generator set under extreme wind speeds are implemented.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] The present invention discloses a method for controlling the load of a wind turbine under extreme wind conditions. The method determines the optimal posture for ensuring the minimum load of the turbine when different extreme wind conditions are superimposed with faults through a simulation analysis method. When the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture. The actions and time that should be considered when the turbine executes the preset load reduction scheme to adjust the posture are clearly defined. The present invention combines theoretical simulation with actual on-site application requirements, and describes in detail the front-end input, fault conditions, control targets, and actual execution. Based on actual production requirements and possible extreme situations, a detailed load reduction method for coping with extreme wind conditions superimposed with faults is practically provided.

[0039] In the event of a unit failure or power outage, the backup power supply maintains the ability to execute key actions (such as yaw and pitch control), ensuring that the unit can still be adjusted to a safe posture under extreme operating conditions, avoiding loss of control or structural damage due to power outage.

[0040] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for determining wind speed input conditions in a single or combined form of prediction and monitoring, and provides load reduction and execution plans based on predicted wind speed, monitored wind speed, and a combination of prediction and monitoring, which greatly reduces the failure risk of wind turbines under extreme wind conditions.

[0041] Furthermore, when the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the prediction and monitoring wind speed mode is adopted, the attitude of the benchmark unit is roughly adjusted through the predicted wind speed data, and fine-tuned through the monitoring wind speed data. The yaw speed of the unit is relatively small. When the wind speed is relatively large, if the monitoring wind speed distance is relatively close, the unit cannot be yawed to the preset position in a short time. Therefore, the present invention provides a rough adjustment based on the predicted wind speed data. Taking the 30-minute predicted wind speed result as an example, when the predicted wind speed meets the judgment conditions, the yaw is started and the unit is yawed to the predetermined position (i.e., rough adjustment). Because the wind speed and wind direction change in real time, when the monitoring signal intervenes, fine adjustment or fine adjustment is performed. Combining the dual signals of the predicted wind speed early warning and the real-time monitoring wind speed accurate feedback, a dynamic control strategy combining rough adjustment and fine adjustment is formed to improve the adaptability of the unit to sudden extreme wind speeds and reduce the risk of overload caused by response delays.

[0042] Furthermore, a graded load minimization strategy is adopted: when it is impossible to minimize all loads, protection is performed according to the priority of tower base bending moment (Mxy) > tower top bending moment > hub torque (Myz) > blade root bending moment, giving priority to protecting components that have the greatest impact on the stability of the entire machine and reducing the probability of catastrophic accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 Provide an overall technical roadmap for wind turbine load control methods under extreme wind conditions;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a load reduction control method based on predicted wind speed;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a load reduction control method based on a combination of single monitoring and predictive monitoring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0047] The components described and shown in the drawings and embodiments of the present invention may be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the following drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents a selected embodiment of the present invention. Based on the drawings and embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, element, method, article or equipment that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to the process, element, method, article or equipment.

[0049] The features and performances of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0050] In the design process of wind turbines, it is necessary to consider the extreme conditions and general possibilities that may occur within the service life, refer to the relevant wind power design standards to design and calculate the safety of the wind turbine as a whole, and consider the possible situations when extreme wind speed conditions that occur in special areas occur, such as extreme gusts, extreme wind speeds once in 50 years, extreme wind speeds once in 1 year, power grid power failure, pitch failure, etc. When one or more of these situations occur in combination, extreme loads will often be generated. When the extreme load is too large, the subsystems and components of the wind turbine must be strengthened to ensure that the components do not fail or be damaged. When the extreme load is too large, it will limit the rotor diameter and manufacturing cost of the unit, seriously affecting the safety and power generation performance of the unit.

[0051] In the DLC6.2 operating conditions specified in the IEC 61400-1 and IEC 61400-3 series of standards, when the maximum wind speed once in 50 years is superimposed on a power outage in the power grid, the wind turbine must consider any wind deviation that may be caused by the power outage. It is also stipulated that when the wind turbine has a backup power supply and the continuous power supply time exceeds 6 hours, the impact on wind deviation can be ignored. Therefore, the design of wind turbines in areas with a high probability of extreme wind speeds often uses backup power supplies to reduce the ultimate load of wind turbines.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for controlling the load of a wind turbine generator set under extreme wind speeds, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0054] During the installation and operation of the wind turbine, the wind turbine obtains the wind condition signal as the input wind condition. When the input wind condition exceeds the preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine executes the preset load reduction plan to adjust to the optimal posture;

[0055] During the execution process, it is determined in real time whether a power failure in the power grid has occurred. When a power failure in the power grid has occurred, the backup power supply is immediately started as the power source for the unit to adjust to the optimal posture until the preset optimal posture is reached.

[0056] The wind condition signal is a single or combined signal for predicting wind speed or monitoring wind speed.

[0057] Among them, in the wind turbine design simulation stage, when a possible extreme wind condition and superimposed fault are calculated, the ultimate loads of the unit in different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the optimal posture and preset load reduction plan.

[0058] The optimal attitude of the unit means adjusting the blade pitch angle or yaw angle to the position with the minimum limit load, which can be used as a load reduction plan or control target.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] It mainly introduces the specific contents of obtaining the ultimate load of the unit in different postures during the wind turbine design simulation stage, and obtaining the optimal posture and preset load reduction plan.

[0061] Specifically, in the early stage of wind turbine design simulation, when a certain wind speed or extreme wind speed within a certain wind speed range is superimposed on the turbine fault itself, or a certain wind speed or extreme wind speed within a certain wind speed range is superimposed on a power grid fault, the computer group calculates the limit loads at different yaw angles, and statistically selects the bending moment limit loads in the Mxy direction of the blade root, the bending moment limit loads in the Mz direction, the bending moment limit loads in the Myz direction of the hub, and the bending moment limit loads in the Mxy direction of the tower top and tower bottom;

[0062] The yaw angle and blade pitch angle corresponding to the minimum limit load are the optimal attitude of the unit. The minimum limit load can be the minimum of all limit loads at the same time, or it can be the minimum of some limit loads at the same time, specifically:

[0063] When all the screened extreme loads are simultaneously minimal, the corresponding yaw angle and blade pitch angle are taken as the optimal attitude of the unit.

[0064] When the simultaneous minimum limit load is not met, the conditions are deleted in order of importance, and the order of importance is tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz, blade root Mxy, and blade root Mz. That is, when the simultaneous minimum cannot be met, the next judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz and blade root Mxy are simultaneously minimum. The next level judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy and hub Myz are simultaneously minimum, and so on.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention designs three different preset load reduction schemes, specifically including a predicted wind speed mode, a real-time wind speed monitoring mode, and a predicted and monitored wind speed mode.

[0066] The corresponding preset load reduction scheme under the predicted wind speed mode is as follows:

[0067] When the predicted wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, select the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value as the head direction limit value when the limit wind speed arrives, and at the same time as the yaw control command, send it to the preset load reduction control mode. Among them, the limit wind speed is further divided into the limit wind speed under the condition of no pitch fault and the limit wind speed under the condition of pitch fault.

[0068] The preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the real-time wind speed monitoring mode is specifically as follows:

[0069] Obtain the monitored wind speed according to the transfer function model or the wind measurement equipment installed at the front end of the nacelle. When the monitored wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, select the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value as the head direction limit value when the limit wind speed arrives, and at the same time as the yaw control command, send it to the preset load reduction control mode.

[0070] In the prediction and monitoring wind speed mode, that is, when using the predicted wind conditions and the real-time monitoring data of the wind measurement equipment to identify extreme wind conditions and control the actions of the reference unit, the attitude of the reference unit can be roughly adjusted through the predicted wind condition results, and fine-tuning can be carried out by monitoring the wind condition data. The installation position of the corresponding wind measurement equipment needs to consider the current operating state of the unit, the pitch action time, the yaw action time and other fine-tuning situations.

[0071] The prediction mode measures the wind conditions earlier than the monitoring mode. When the predicted wind speed in the prediction mode exceeds V0, it should be executed according to the time-sharing and hierarchical early warning and operation and maintenance mechanism in the prediction mode. For example, in the prediction mode, the predicted wind speed is Vx at an early time T0, and the monitored wind speed is Vy at this time, and Vy < Vx at this time. Since the actions such as yaw, standby power self-start, and pitch change take a long time, the unit should execute operations such as yaw, cable de-twisting, and standby power self-start in advance and adjust to the preset position in advance. Affected by terrain, environmental temperature and humidity, the wind speed and direction are changing in real time. Therefore, after T0 time, the wind speed and direction monitored by the monitored wind speed will change. During the time from this moment to the time when the wind speed reaches the unit position, the unit continues to perform yaw and pitch fine-tuning according to the monitored wind speed and direction.

[0072] Among them, T0 is the sum of the time required for all actions of the reference unit.

[0073] To effectively cope with the situation of grid power failure, the currently commonly used technical means is the backup power supply. Common forms include energy storage systems, uninterruptible power supplies, fuel (gasoline, diesel, etc.) generators, etc. Since the cost of energy storage and uninterruptible power supplies is relatively high, diesel generators are mostly used as backup power supplies at the present stage to cope with the technical means of the unit performing active yaw after the grid power failure. However, diesel generators have the obvious disadvantage of long startup time. Therefore, when considering the load control strategy of wind turbines for extreme working conditions, the self-start time of backup power supply forms similar to diesel generators should be considered, and sufficient time should be reserved for the unit to adjust to the preset attitude.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Specifically, in the predicted wind speed mode, there are two preset load reduction control modes, namely:

[0076] (I) Preset load reduction control mode corresponding to the case of no pitch sticking fault

[0077] The design process of this model includes the following steps:

[0078] 1. Design or review the safety of wind turbines with reference to relevant standards and specifications, and determine the extreme wind speed V0 that the unit can withstand when there is no pitch jam. The determination of the extreme wind speed V0 should at least take into account any possible wind deviation between the unit and the wind direction when the grid loses power or the backup power supply cannot / does not need to be put into use. That is, the load conditions of the unit within the wind deviation range of ±180° under this wind speed should be analyzed, and it should be ensured that the safety of the unit meets the design requirements when the extreme wind speed V0 is superimposed on the grid power failure.

[0079] 2. The extreme wind speed V0 should be at least greater than the cut-out wind speed V of the wind turbine out ;

[0080] 3. Calculate the limit load of the whole machine with reference to relevant design standards such as GL and IEC;

[0081] 4. For all wind speeds V between the extreme wind speed V0 and the unit's maximum design limit wind speed i The simulation is performed with no limit on the wind speed step length, and the power grid failure is taken into consideration. This working condition simulates the extreme load when the extreme wind speed comes and the power grid failure is superimposed, that is, the power grid failure. At this time, due to the power grid failure, the head direction of the unit may be at any position. Therefore, the wind direction deviation is set to a yaw error within ±180° in any direction. The step length should be as small as possible, and each blade should be ensured to be in a feathered state.

[0082] 5. Calculate the limit loads of all yaw error positions. The statistical method and selection method are not limited. It can be the median, mean or any other statistical method.

[0083] 6. The yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value of the key component is selected as the nose direction limit value when the extreme wind speed arrives, and is also used as the yaw control command and sent to the preset load reduction control mode C0.

[0084] Among them, when screening the minimum limit loads of key components, at least the blade root Mxy and Mz direction bending moment limit loads in the blade root coordinate system specified by the GL coordinate system, the Myz direction bending moment limit loads in the rotating and fixed hub coordinate systems, and the tower Mxy limit load in the tower coordinate system should be considered to be minimum at the same time. When the simultaneous minimums cannot be met, the minimum limit load should be selected by reducing items according to the priority of tower Mxy>blade root Mxy>blade root Mz>hub Myz.

[0085] (II) Preset load reduction control mode corresponding to the pitch sticking fault

[0086] The design process of this model includes the following steps:

[0087] 1. Design or review the safety of wind turbines with reference to relevant standards and specifications, and determine the extreme wind speed V1 that the unit can withstand when there is a pitch stuck fault. The determination of this wind speed should at least take into account any possible wind deviation between the unit and the wind direction when at least one blade pitch is stuck and the grid is powered off or the backup power supply cannot / does not need to be put into use. That is, the load conditions of the unit within the wind deviation range of ±180° at this wind speed should be analyzed, and it should be ensured that when the wind speed V1 is superimposed with a pitch failure and a grid power outage, the safety of the unit meets the design requirements.

[0088] 2. The extreme wind speed V1 should be at least greater than the cut-out wind speed V of the wind turbine out ;

[0089] 3. Calculate the limit load of the whole machine with reference to relevant design standards such as GL and IEC;

[0090] 4. For all wind speeds V between the extreme wind speed V1 and the unit's maximum design limit wind speed 1i The simulation is performed with no limit on the wind speed step length, and the power grid failure is taken into consideration. This working condition simulates the extreme load when the extreme wind speed comes and the power grid failure is superimposed, that is, the power grid failure. At this time, due to the power grid failure, the head direction of the unit may be at any position. Therefore, the wind direction deviation is set to a yaw error within ±180° in any direction. The step length should be as small as possible, and each blade should be ensured to be in a feathered state.

[0091] 5. Calculate the limit load of all yaw error positions. The statistical method and selection method are not limited. It can be the median, mean or any other statistical method.

[0092] 6. The yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value of the key component is selected as the nose direction limit value when the limit wind speed arrives, and is also used as a yaw control instruction and sent to the preset load reduction control mode C1.

[0093] When screening the minimum limit loads of key components, at least the blade root Mxy and Mz direction bending moment limit loads in the blade root coordinate system specified by the GL coordinate system, the Myz direction bending moment limit loads in the rotating and fixed hub coordinate systems, and the tower Mxy limit load in the tower coordinate system should be considered to be minimum at the same time. When the simultaneous minimums cannot be met, the minimum limit load should be selected by reducing items according to the priority of tower Mxy>blade root Mxy>blade root Mz>hub Myz.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] This paper mainly introduces the specific process of predicting wind speed.

[0096] For the predicted wind speed, the direct predicted data or indirect estimated data at the hub height of the aircraft can be used as the criterion for judging extreme wind conditions. However, the predicted data needs to be graded for early warning and collection according to time.

[0097] When the warning time is higher than the preset time, such as the wind speed and wind direction forecast 72 hours in advance, the interval between two forecasts is 3 hours; the wind speed and wind direction forecast within 48 to 72 hours in advance, the interval between each forecast is 2 hours; the wind speed and wind direction forecast within 24 to 48 hours in advance, the interval between each forecast is 1 hour; the wind speed and wind direction forecast within 2 to 24 hours in advance, the interval between each forecast is half an hour; during this stage, operation and maintenance strategies such as unit risk investigation, functional status inspection of each measuring equipment, and status inspection of the on-site collector lines are implemented.

[0098] Furthermore, when the warning time is lower than the preset value, the wind speed and wind direction are predicted from 2 hours to 1 hour in advance, with each prediction interval of 10 minutes; the wind speed and wind direction are predicted from 1 hour in advance to the time T0 required for the benchmark unit to adjust from the current state to the optimal posture, with each prediction interval of 1 minute or even lower, and the prediction interval and sampling frequency are adjustable. In this stage, the extreme wind condition control operation plan is implemented.

[0099] The arrangement of the generators in the electric field is arbitrary. The generators in the rear row are greatly affected by the wake of the generators in the front row, and the correlation with the predicted data is related to the degree of correlation. The benchmark generator can be defined as the generator with the highest correlation or accuracy with the predicted data.

[0100] Example 4

[0101] This article mainly introduces how to monitor wind speed.

[0102] In addition to meteorological forecast data, the present invention also provides a method for real-time front-end measurement of wind speed for early warning of extreme wind conditions. Wind measuring equipment (not limited to wind towers, laser radars, etc.) or long-distance detection equipment is installed at the front end of the wind direction sector where extreme wind conditions may occur in the wind farm. Real-time communication is carried out between the wind measuring equipment, the benchmark wind turbine unit and the wind farm station. The communication method is not limited and can be wireless ring network, cable, satellite, etc. The purpose is to sense extreme wind conditions in advance through the front-end wind measuring equipment and transmit the signal to the unit or station control system, leaving sufficient time for the benchmark unit to adjust to the optimal posture (pitch, yaw and other possible controls, etc.). Multiple front-end installed wind measuring equipment can be arranged from far to near in the same sector to reduce the excessive deviation between the wind conditions measured by the wind measuring equipment and the wind speed at the unit caused by interference from factors such as terrain.

[0103] It is also possible to establish a transfer function between the measurement data of the wind measuring equipment and the actual wind speed and direction data of the unit based on the historical operating data. The transfer function can be derived from a linear or nonlinear model or even a machine learning training model or other data model that may be used.

[0104] When relying solely on front-end wind measuring equipment to identify extreme wind conditions and control the actions of benchmark units, the determination of the distance between the installation position of the wind measuring equipment and the benchmark unit should at least consider factors such as the current operating status of the benchmark unit, pitch action time, yaw action time, and cable unwinding operations.

[0105] The distance between the wind measuring equipment and the benchmark unit = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit;

[0106] The maximum detection distance of the long-distance wind measuring equipment = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit.

[0107] The sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit = yaw action time + backup power start-up to full load time + cable unwinding time + other control adjustment time that may be involved.

[0108] This method takes into account factors such as the backup power supply startup time, yaw action time, and pitch change time. Traditional passive control or short-range lidar monitoring technology cannot meet the problem that the unit does not have sufficient time to adjust to the optimal load reduction posture when extreme wind conditions such as extremely high wind speeds and sudden changes in wind direction occur. A method for early / advanced prediction and monitoring of wind speed is provided, and a time-sharing and graded early warning mechanism based on predicted wind speed is proposed, so that the wind turbine can be adjusted to a preset posture in advance based on the method provided by the present invention, thereby achieving the goal of improving the safety of the wind turbine.

[0109] Example 5

[0110] The present invention also discloses a wind turbine load control system under extreme wind speeds, comprising:

[0111] The wind speed acquisition module is used to obtain the wind condition signal of the wind turbine as the input wind condition during the installation and operation of the wind turbine;

[0112] The fault judgment module is used to judge in real time whether there is a fault in the unit itself or a power failure in the power grid. If a fault occurs, the backup power supply is started as the power source to adjust the unit to the optimal state;

[0113] A control module, used for, when the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine set executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed and / or a monitored wind speed;

[0114] The preset optimal posture is obtained during the wind turbine design simulation stage, specifically:

[0115] In the early design simulation stage of wind turbines, when extreme wind conditions in a certain wind speed or wind speed range are superimposed with faults, the ultimate loads of the unit at different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the preset optimal posture.

[0116] Example 6

[0117] The present invention also discloses a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the discrete material set management method are implemented. The memory may include a memory, such as a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory, etc. The processor, the network interface, and the memory are interconnected through an internal bus. The internal bus may be an industrial standard architecture bus, a peripheral component interconnection standard bus, an extended industrial standard structure bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The memory is used to store programs. Specifically, the program may include a program code, and the program code includes computer operation instructions. The memory may include a memory and a non-volatile memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor.

[0118] Example 7

[0119] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the discrete material set management method are implemented. Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, for example, a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include a random access memory and / or a cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may include a read-only memory, a hard disk, a flash memory, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, etc.

[0120] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0121] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0122] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0123] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0124] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed, characterized in that: The process includes: During the installation and operation of the wind turbine, the wind turbine obtains wind condition signals as input wind conditions, and determines in real time whether a fault occurs in the turbine itself or a power failure occurs in the power grid. If a fault occurs, the backup power supply is started as the power source for the turbine to adjust to the optimal posture. When the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed and / or a monitored wind speed; The preset optimal posture is obtained during the wind turbine design simulation stage, specifically: In the early design simulation stage of wind turbines, when extreme wind conditions in a certain wind speed or wind speed range are superimposed with faults, the ultimate loads of the unit at different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the preset optimal posture.

2. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset load reduction scheme is adjusted according to the input wind condition signal, specifically including the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the predicted wind speed mode, the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the real-time monitoring wind speed mode, and the preset load reduction scheme corresponding to the predicted and monitored wind speed mode; The corresponding preset load reduction scheme in the predicted wind speed mode is: when the predicted wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value is selected as the nose direction limit value when the limit wind speed comes, and at the same time, it is used as the yaw control command and sent to the preset load reduction control mode; The corresponding preset load reduction scheme in the real-time wind speed monitoring mode is: when the monitored wind speed is greater than or equal to the limit wind speed, the yaw angle corresponding to the minimum limit load value is selected as the nose direction limit value when the limit wind speed comes, and at the same time as the yaw control command, it is sent to the preset load reduction control mode; The corresponding preset load reduction plan under the prediction and monitoring wind speed mode is: when using predicted wind speed and monitored wind speed for extreme wind condition identification and benchmark unit action control, the benchmark unit attitude is roughly adjusted through the predicted wind speed data, and fine-tuned through the monitored wind speed data.

3. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the real-time wind speed monitoring mode or the wind speed prediction and monitoring mode, the monitored wind speed is obtained based on the wind measuring equipment installed at the front end of the cabin.

4. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 3, characterized in that: Wind measuring equipment installed at the front end of the nacelle is divided into direct wind measuring equipment and remote wind measuring equipment; The distance between the direct wind measuring equipment and the benchmark unit = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit; Or, the maximum detection distance of the long-distance wind measuring equipment = the simulated extreme wind speed of the benchmark unit * the sum of the time required for all actions of the benchmark unit.

5. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sum of all action times of the benchmark unit includes the unwinding time, yaw action time, backup power supply self-start time, pitch change time and other control action command times.

6. A method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the predicted wind speed mode, there are two preset load reduction control modes: a preset load reduction control mode corresponding to when there is no pitch sticking fault and a preset load reduction control mode corresponding to when there is a pitch sticking fault.

7. The method for controlling wind turbine load under extreme wind speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum limit load is when all limit loads are simultaneously minimum, or some limit loads are simultaneously minimum; When all limit loads are not simultaneously minimum, they are deleted in order of importance, and the order of importance is tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz, blade root Mxy and blade root Mz; specifically: When all limit loads cannot be simultaneously minimized, the next judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy, hub Myz and blade root Mxy are simultaneously minimized. The next level of judgment condition is that the tower bottom Mxy, tower top Mxy and hub Myz are simultaneously minimized, and so on.

8. A wind turbine load control system under extreme wind speeds that implements the wind turbine load control method under extreme wind speeds as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The wind speed acquisition module is used to obtain the wind condition signal of the wind turbine as the input wind condition during the installation and operation of the wind turbine; The fault judgment module is used to judge in real time whether there is a fault in the unit itself or a power failure in the power grid. If a fault occurs, the backup power supply is started as the power source to adjust the unit to the optimal state; A control module, used for, when the input wind condition reaches a preset extreme wind speed, the wind turbine set executes a preset load reduction scheme to adjust to a preset optimal posture; the wind condition signal is a predicted wind speed and / or a monitored wind speed; The preset optimal posture is obtained during the wind turbine design simulation stage, specifically: In the early design simulation stage of wind turbines, when extreme wind conditions in a certain wind speed or wind speed range are superimposed with faults, the ultimate loads of the unit at different postures are counted, and the unit posture corresponding to the minimum ultimate load is obtained as the preset optimal posture.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for controlling the load of a wind turbine under extreme wind speeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for controlling the load of a wind turbine generator system under extreme wind speeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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