Efficient integrated static pressure gas porous bearing with embedded damper

Abstract

The invention provides the innovative integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing, the bearing adopts the design that the side surface gas inlet pipe is used for feeding gas and the internal cavity is divided, part of gas flows out from a middle small hole runner, and the rest gas flows out from circular grooves uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cavity. All the flowing-out gas is subjected to the throttling effect of a porous material at the bottom, and a high-pressure gas film is formed. The porous material is distributed in a gradient manner along the radial direction to ensure that the pressure and speed of gas ejected from the inner and outer sides are basically the same, thereby improving the rigidity and bearing capacity of the bearing. A swing gravity damping structure is arranged in the bearing and is composed of a heavy block, a thin-wall swing arm, a hinge and a porous layer. When the bearing is subjected to exciting force, the swing arm and the hinge swing up and down under the action of the heavy block, oil flowing is adjusted through the porous mass layer, the damping effect is achieved, and vibration energy is effectively absorbed. The bearing is compact in structure and suitable for high-speed and high-precision equipment, and a new solution is provided for the field of precision machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of air bearings, and in particular provides an integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing. Background Art

[0002] Gas porous bearings are designed with compressed air supplied from the outside, which penetrates into the bearing gap through porous materials, forming a uniform compressible gas film layer on the main shaft and bearing surface, and acting as a load. This design utilizes the self-pressure equalization characteristics of porous media, significantly reducing airflow disturbances and local pressure concentration, and has the characteristics of low friction and high stability, suitable for precision instruments and long-life equipment. The permeability structure of gas porous bearings mainly includes uniform pores, gradient pores and composite pores. At present, the uniform pore structure has low load-bearing efficiency due to insufficient permeability consistency; although the gradient pore structure can improve the pressure distribution, it affects the dynamic response due to the difficulty in controlling the pore gradient; for the composite pore structure, the interface effect and thermal expansion difference between different material layers restrict its practical application. The new porous bearing can improve the dynamic stiffness while maintaining the uniformity of permeability by optimizing the pore distribution and material composite method, and its comprehensive performance is better than that of the traditional uniform pore structure. However, the pore size distribution uniformity and permeation isotropy of porous materials in the prior art have not been fully solved. Too high a porosity will lead to insufficient air film stiffness, while too complex a pore structure will reduce the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the material. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the problem of insufficient mechanical strength and stability of porous bearing materials in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention is: an integrated high-efficiency embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing, characterized in that: the bearing takes in air from the side air intake pipe, and the air is diverted through the internal cavity, part of the gas flows out from the middle small hole flow channel, and the remaining gas flows out from the circular grooves evenly distributed at the bottom of the cavity. All the outflowing gas is throttled by the bottom porous material, forming a layer of high-pressure gas film at the bottom of the bearing. The bearing is provided with a swinging gravity damping structure filled with oil inside, which consists of a middle weight block, a thin-walled swing arm connected to the weight block and the bearing shell, and a hinge and a porous layer inside it.

[0006] Preferably, the porous pores at the bottom of the bearing are 10-25 microns, distributed in a radial gradient, and have a thickness of 4 mm. The porous pores in the damping structure are larger, 300 microns, and 1.5 mm thick.

[0007] Preferably, the internal damping structure of the bearing is always filled with oil during operation. When the bearing is subjected to an exciting force, the swing arm and the hinge begin to swing up and down under the action of the gravity exerted by the weight, and when the weight swings upward, the upper side of the thin-walled swing arm is compressed, the volume is reduced, and the oil in the cavity is squeezed through the porous material into the lower cavity, thereby applying a downward force to the entire damping system to play a damping role. When the weight swings downward, the lower side of the thin wall is compressed, and the oil enters the upper cavity through the pores again. Therefore, when the bearing is working, the vibration caused by the exciting force will be absorbed by the internal damping system and converted into kinetic energy of the oil inside the system, playing an effective vibration reduction role.

[0008] Preferably, the porous bottom of the bearing is used to throttle the gas, and the gas can form a high-pressure gas film after passing through the tiny pores. In order to ensure uniform distribution of the gas film pressure, the density gradient of the porous material is radially distributed, and the outer holes are larger than the inner holes, ensuring that the pressure and speed of the gas ejected from the inner and outer sides are basically the same, so as to improve the stiffness, load-bearing capacity and stability of the bearing.

[0009] Preferably, the integrated embedded damping bearing is more compact than other porous bearings. As the size of the equipment decreases, the requirements for the structure and stiffness damping of the supporting components increase, so as to provide greater stiffness and damping in a limited space while ensuring that the power is not reduced. This design can effectively absorb the energy generated by vibration while ensuring a small size, and has high stiffness and load-bearing capacity, which is in line with existing research needs.

[0010] Preferably, the bearing is obtained by using 3D printing integrated processing technology, which is convenient for processing the complex structure inside. Therefore, the material utilization rate is high, material waste is reduced, traditional molds and tools are not required, and manufacturing costs are reduced. In addition, it is convenient for rapid prototype iteration. Designers can quickly print out prototypes, test and modify them, and accelerate the product development process. Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0011] 1. Through the gradient distribution design of the bottom porous material, a more uniform air film pressure distribution is achieved, thereby improving the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the bearing.

[0012] 2. The throttle hole distribution is optimized through the internal cavity diversion and evenly distributed circular groove design, which helps to form a uniform high-pressure air film and further improve the stability of the bearing.

[0013] 3. The bearing is equipped with a swing gravity damping structure filled with oil, which effectively absorbs vibration energy and improves the vibration reduction effect of the bearing.

[0014] 4. The low shear force inside the air bearing can provide extremely high speed while minimizing power loss, generating very little heat and achieving good high-speed performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of a highly efficient integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention is shown, wherein 1 is the bearing air inlet hole, 2 is the bearing cover plate, and 14 is the bearing housing.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a side sectional view of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 1 is the bearing air inlet hole, 2 is the bearing shell, 3 is the counterweight block of the damping structure, 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 5 is the bearing cavity, 6 is the upper oil chamber of the damping structure, 7 is the wavy hinge, 8 is the internal porous layer of the damping structure, 9 is the oil filling hole, 10 is the throttling flow channel of the small hole in the center of the bearing, 11 is the lower oil chamber of the damping structure, 12 is the lower thin wall of the damping structure, 13 is the bearing annular throttling groove, 14 is the bearing shell, and 15 is the porous throttling layer at the bottom of the bearing.

[0017] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the damping structure of a highly efficient integrated internally damped static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 9 is the oil injection hole, and 10 is the throttling flow channel of the small hole in the center of the bearing.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the damping structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 6 is the upper oil chamber of the damping structure, 7 is the wavy hinge, 8 is the internal porous layer of the damping structure, 9 is the oil injection hole, 10 is the throttling flow channel of the small hole in the center of the bearing, 11 is the lower oil chamber of the damping structure, and 12 is the lower thin wall of the damping structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Example

[0020] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a highly efficient integrated internally damped static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention. Figure 2The side cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency integrated built-in damping static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention includes a bearing housing (14) with a housing diameter of 58 mm, an air inlet hole (1) with a diameter of 4 mm provided at the center of the surface of the bearing housing, a bearing cover plate (2) with a diameter of 58 mm provided above the housing, and an overall height of the bearing of 30 mm. High-pressure gas enters the bearing cavity (5) from the inlet hole with a cavity diameter of 50 mm, a portion of the gas flows from the middle small hole throttling channel (10) to the bottom of the bearing with a small hole diameter of 6.3 mm, and the remaining gas flows to the bottom through the gap between the cavity and the damping structure, and the gas at the bottom flows through the annular throttling groove (13) to the porous layer (15), forming a high-pressure gas film at the bottom, and the bottom porous layer has a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. The working principle of the damping structure inside the bearing is as follows: when the bearing vibrates due to the exciting force, the weight (3) will cause the entire damping system to swing up and down along the upper thin wall (4) and the lower thin wall (12) and the internal wavy hinge (7). During the swinging process, the volume of the upper oil chamber (6) and the lower oil chamber (7) of the damping structure changes, causing the oil to flow back and forth in the upper and lower oil chambers through the internal porous material (8), thereby absorbing the vibration energy and achieving a damping effect. Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the internal damping structure of a highly efficient integrated internally damped static pressure gas porous bearing of the present invention. The diameter of the damping structure is 50 mm. Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal damping structure of the bearing of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient integrated internally damped static pressure gas porous bearing, characterized in that: An air inlet (1) is provided at the center of the surface of the bearing housing (14), a radial gradient porous throttling layer (15) is provided at the bottom of the bearing base, and a damping structure is provided inside the bearing cavity (5), including an oil cavity (6) formed by thin walls (4) and (12), and oil is injected into the cavity through an oil injection hole (9). In addition, an internal porous layer (8) and a wavy hinge structure (7) are provided inside the oil cavity. The internal porous structure facilitates the oil to flow up and down in the oil cavity when the cavity is deformed to absorb vibration. The hinge structure can reduce the stiffness of the damping structure and enhance the vibration reduction effect. An annular throttling groove (13) is provided on the lower side of the bearing cavity to make the pressure distribution more uniform. A small hole throttling channel (10) is provided in the center of the bearing to increase the gas outflow path, so that the pressure distribution is more uniform and the bearing is more stable.

2. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing is manufactured using 3D printing integrated processing technology, which makes it easy to process its complex internal structure, so the material utilization rate is high, material waste is reduced, and traditional molds and tools are not required, which reduces manufacturing costs. In addition, it is also convenient for rapid prototype iteration. Designers can quickly print prototypes for testing and modification, accelerating the product development process.

3. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pores of the porous throttling layer (4) are 10-25 microns, distributed in a radial gradient, and have a thickness of 4 mm. Through the gradient distribution design of the bottom porous material, that is, the pores of the outer ring are larger than the pores of the inner ring, so as to ensure that the gas pressure and speed of the inner and outer rings are basically the same, a more uniform gas film pressure distribution is achieved, the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the bearing are improved, and the stability of the bearing is ensured.

4. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swinging gravity damping structure is always filled with oil when working, and when the bearing is subjected to exciting force, the damping structure begins to swing up and down around the hinge and thin wall under the action of gravity exerted by the weight block. The oil inside the structure flows up and down as the volume of the upper and lower oil chambers changes, converting the exciting force generated by the vibration into kinetic energy and potential energy inside the damping mechanism, thereby achieving vibration reduction.

5. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated embedded damping bearing has a compact structure and can provide greater rigidity and damping in a limited space while ensuring that power is not reduced.

6. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal cavity diversion and evenly distributed circular groove design optimizes the throttle hole distribution, helps to form a uniform high-pressure air film, and further improves the stability of the bearing.

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