An oil spill monitoring device and method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern

Abstract

This invention provides an oil spill monitoring device and method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern. The oil spill monitoring device includes a control unit and a substrate. An ultraviolet solid-state light source is fixed on the substrate via a printed circuit. Multiple fluorescence sensors are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source, with the source at the center. Both the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescence sensors are encased in a lens barrel, inside which a convex lens is placed, with the ultraviolet solid-state light source positioned at the focal point of the lens. The control unit emits a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source receives the pulse signal from the control unit to drive the light source's on / off state, controlling the intermittent flashing of the ultraviolet solid-state light source. The fluorescence sensors collect the generated fluorescence signals and transmit them to the control unit for processing and oil spill monitoring. This invention ensures the sensitivity of the device; even a small amount of oil below the source can be detected, thus guaranteeing accurate monitoring of oil leaks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil spill monitoring technology, specifically relating to an oil spill monitoring transmitter and receiver device based on fluorescence excitation, and an oil spill monitoring device and method with self-cleaning sensors distributed around it. Background Technology

[0002] The increasing number of oil spills caused by offshore oil production and transportation has resulted in severe water pollution and ecological damage, gradually threatening human lives and health, thus bringing the issue of oil pollution into the public eye. According to relevant national environmental protection regulations, all oil-related enterprises and units must establish oil spill emergency response plans to achieve the strategic goal of protecting the marine environment and promoting sustainable social and economic development. To reduce the risk to the aquatic environment, petrochemical enterprises should install real-time oil spill monitoring systems in areas where oil spill risks may occur, such as stormwater outlets and oil terminals.

[0003] Existing oil spill monitoring methods are mainly classified into gas monitoring methods, visible light methods, infrared photometry, ultraviolet photometry, microwave radiometry, electromagnetic energy absorption methods, and fluorescence spectroscopy based on their monitoring mechanisms. Among these, the principle of using fluorescence technology for oil spill monitoring is that an ultraviolet light source emits light onto the water surface through an emission path, exciting the oil present on the surface and producing fluorescence. This fluorescence travels along a receiving path to the monitoring equipment, which processes the received light and determines whether an oil spill has occurred.

[0004] Existing oil spill monitoring devices that use oil fluorescence detection (excited by ultraviolet light) primarily employ photodiodes as detectors, resulting in extremely low sensitivity. Since the oil fluorescence signal is relatively weak, its intensity decreases when the detector is far from the target oil spill surface, leading to insufficient fluorescence collection by the fluorescence receiver and making it difficult to detect the oil spill. Furthermore, fluorescence is easily missed during monitoring, making accurate detection impossible even for small amounts of oil. In addition, dust or debris in the light source and sensor optical path of existing oil spill monitoring devices directly affects the optical path, thus impacting the accuracy of oil spill monitoring.

[0005] The purpose of this patent is to solve the problems existing in the background technology by using the special distribution of sensors and light sources, as well as the number of sensors, to solve the problem of fluorescence leakage, and to achieve self-cleaning through the blower mechanism, so as to avoid impurities in the light path from affecting the reflection of the light source. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by providing an oil spill monitoring system and method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern. The monitoring system can ensure complete collection of fluorescence, avoiding insufficient fluorescence due to distance or missed fluorescence collection, which would lead to inaccurate monitoring of oil spills. Furthermore, the self-cleaning function can be achieved by setting up a blower mechanism.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides an oil spill monitoring device with a self-cleaning sensor arranged around it. The oil spill monitoring device includes a control unit, a substrate, an ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescence receiving units disposed on the substrate. The ultraviolet solid-state light source is fixed on a copper or aluminum substrate by means of a printed circuit. The multiple fluorescence receiving units are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source with the ultraviolet solid-state light source as the center. A first lens tube is fitted over the ultraviolet solid-state light source, and a first convex lens is placed inside the first lens tube, with the ultraviolet solid-state light source located at the focal point of the first convex lens. The fluorescence receiving unit includes a fluorescence sensor and a second lens tube fitted over the fluorescence sensor, with a second convex lens fixedly placed inside the second lens tube.

[0008] The control unit sends a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source receives the pulse signal sent by the control unit to drive the light source to switch on and off, thereby controlling the ultraviolet solid-state light source to flash intermittently.

[0009] The fluorescence sensor collects the generated fluorescence signal and sends it to the control unit for processing and oil spill monitoring.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the oil spill monitoring device further includes an outer shell and a purging mechanism. The outer shell is fitted over the ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescence receiving units and is fixedly connected to the substrate. A viewing window is provided at the end of the outer shell away from the substrate. Two sets of purging mechanisms are symmetrically installed on both sides of the outer shell. The purging mechanism includes a gas compression device and a jet nozzle. Air blowing holes are correspondingly opened on the outer shell. The jet nozzles of the two sets of purging mechanisms extend into the outer shell through the air blowing holes and blow air towards the inner side of the outer shell.

[0011] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the control unit is a PLC controller installed in the oil spill monitoring device, and the base plate is fixedly installed on the base plate of the oil spill monitoring device.

[0012] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: The horizontal distance 'a' between the fluorescence sensor and the ultraviolet solid-state light source in each group of fluorescence receiving units in the innermost ring is calculated according to the following formula:

[0013] a=H*tanα / 2

[0014] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the point where the extension of the midline of the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source intersects with the extension of the outer side of the emission angle of the fluorescence sensor at the point behind the substrate.

[0015] α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source.

[0016] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: the distance b between the centers of adjacent fluorescence sensors is calculated according to the following formula:

[0017] b = 2 * H1 * tanβ

[0018] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens.

[0019] β is the angle at which fluorescence is received by each fluorescence sensor.

[0020] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that a filter is provided at the port of the first and second lens barrels away from the aluminum substrate.

[0021] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units are distributed in a multi-layer ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source, with the multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units on the same ring being equidistantly distributed; the ultraviolet solid-state light source is an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 300nm.

[0022] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: The monitoring device further includes a blowing control system, which includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor. The distance sensor is mounted on a base plate, and the signal output terminal of the distance sensor is connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller. The signal output terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the control terminals of the two sets of blowing mechanisms respectively.

[0023] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention also provides an oil spill monitoring method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern, characterized in that: the monitoring method uses the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Calculate and determine the placement of the fluorescence sensors, which are arranged in a ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source in layers; the horizontal distance 'a' of each fluorescence sensor from the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center-to-center distance 'b' of adjacent fluorescence sensors is calculated according to formula ②.

[0025] a=H*tanα / 2 ①

[0026] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the point where the extension of the midline of the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source intersects with the extension of the outer side of the emission angle of the fluorescence sensor at the point behind the substrate.

[0027] α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source;

[0028] b = 2 * H1 * tanβ ②

[0029] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens.

[0030] β is the angle at which fluorescence is received by each fluorescence sensor;

[0031] S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and fluorescence sensor at the center of the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device according to the distance calculated in step S1. Monitor the water surface below in real time through the viewing window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescence sensors are on the same plane, and this plane is approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface. During the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface. The fluorescence sensor receives the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface.

[0032] A further technical solution of the present invention: A distance sensor and a purging mechanism are installed on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device. During the monitoring of oil spill on the water surface, the distance sensor monitors the distance between the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device and the water surface in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring device is ≤0.3m, and at the same time the light intensity detected by the fluorescence sensor is less than the normal value, it is determined that there is debris blocking the transmitting or receiving optical path lens, and the control unit controls the purging mechanism to start the purging mode.

[0033] This invention uses multiple layers of fluorescence sensors, staggered around the ultraviolet solid-state light source, to ensure that no fluorescence is missed during collection. Multiple sensors simultaneously collect fluorescence generated below within the same time period, ensuring that even very little fluorescence is not missed. This guarantees the sensitivity of the device, allowing it to detect even a small amount of oil below.

[0034] In this invention, both the ultraviolet solid-state light source and the fluorescence sensor are installed at the lower center of the oil spill monitoring device, allowing real-time monitoring of the water surface below through a viewing window. During operation, they are approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention;

[0036] (1) The detection device of the present invention uses the principle of ultraviolet excitation to generate fluorescence, thereby detecting the presence of oil spill below the device in real time. The light source adopts an LED ultraviolet solid-state light source, which is controlled by the PLC controller inside the device to emit orderly light. Multiple fluorescence sensors are arranged around it to receive the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source. The power of the ultraviolet solid-state light source is determined according to the monitoring distance, and the number of fluorescence sensors is also determined accordingly. The higher the monitoring distance, the smaller the fluorescence intensity at the sensor, and the more sensors are required to ensure the light intensity obtained. It can ensure complete collection of fluorescence, avoid the amount of fluorescence due to the distance, or the missed collection of fluorescence. Even a small amount of fluorescence will not be missed, ensuring the sensitivity of the device. Even if there is only a little oil below, the device can detect it, thereby ensuring accurate monitoring of oil spill.

[0037] (2) The present invention has a purging mechanism installed on the bottom of the oil spill monitoring device. An air outlet is set on the side of the sensor and the light source, at a position where the light source emission and fluorescence reception are unobstructed. The purging mechanism is used to clean the debris on the light source and the sensor optical path to prevent these things from affecting the optical path. The air outlet duration and air outlet interval are controlled by the microcontroller in the device. The purging mechanism can be turned off when it is not needed to extend its service life. The gas is released intermittently from the air outlet at a certain frequency, which on the one hand increases the purging force at the moment of blowing, and on the other hand reduces the power of the device, thereby reducing the size of the device.

[0038] (3) The present invention has a distance sensor installed on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device. During the monitoring of oil spill on the water surface, the distance sensor monitors the distance between the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device and the water surface in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring device is ≤0.3m, at the same time the light intensity detected by the photoelectric sensor is less than the normal value, the microcontroller determines that there is debris blocking the transmitting or receiving optical path lens. The microcontroller sends a command to close the relay and trigger the compressed gas device. The compressed gas has a power regulation function. The automatic control of the purging mechanism is realized through the setting of this structure, which can achieve the purpose of self-cleaning. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the light source and sensor in this invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluorescence receiving unit in this invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state light source in this invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is the control principle diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the horizontal distance 'a' between the fluorescence sensor and the light source in this invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the distance b between the centers of adjacent fluorescence sensors in this invention;

[0046] In the figure: 1—substrate, 2—ultraviolet solid-state light source, 3—fluorescence receiving unit, 300—fluorescence sensor, 301—second lens barrel, 302—second convex lens, 4—first lens barrel, 5—first convex lens, 6—outer shell, 7—purge mechanism, 8—viewing window, 9—distance sensor, 10—filter, 11—oil spill monitoring equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 6 All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended only to clearly and concisely illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] Example 1 provides an oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern, such as... Figures 1 to 7As shown, the oil spill monitoring device includes a control unit, a substrate 1, and an ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 and multiple fluorescence receiving units 3 arranged on the substrate 1. The ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is fixed on the copper or aluminum substrate 1 in the form of a printed circuit. Multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units 3 are arranged in a multi-layered ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2, and the multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units 3 on the same ring are equidistantly distributed. The ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 300nm. The ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is fitted with a first lens barrel 4, and a first convex lens 5 is placed inside the first lens barrel 4, with the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 located at the focal point of the first convex lens 5. The fluorescence receiving unit 3 includes a fluorescence sensor 300 and a second lens barrel 301 fitted outside the fluorescence sensor 300. A second convex lens 302 is fixedly placed inside the second lens barrel 301. A filter 10 is provided at the port of the first lens barrel 4 and the second lens barrel 301 away from the aluminum substrate 1. The control unit sends a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 receives the pulse signal from the control unit to drive the light source to switch on and off, controlling the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 to flash intermittently; the fluorescence sensor 300 collects the generated fluorescence signal and sends it to the control unit for processing and oil spill monitoring. The control unit is a PLC controller installed in the oil spill monitoring equipment, and the substrate 1 is fixedly installed on the base plate of the oil spill monitoring equipment.

[0050] Example 1 provides an oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern, such as... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the oil spill monitoring device also includes a housing 6 and a purging mechanism 7. The housing 6 is fitted over the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 and multiple fluorescent receiving units 3, and is fixedly connected to the substrate 1. A viewing window 8 is provided at the end of the housing 6 away from the substrate 1. Two sets of purging mechanisms 7 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the housing 6. Each purging mechanism 7 includes a gas compression device and a jet nozzle. Air blowing holes are correspondingly opened on the housing 6. The jet nozzles of the two sets of purging mechanisms 7 extend into the housing 6 through the air blowing holes and blow air towards the inside of the housing 6. The monitoring device also includes a blowing control system, which includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor 9. The distance sensor 9 is mounted on the substrate 1. The signal output terminal of the distance sensor 9 is connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller. The signal output terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the control terminals of the two sets of purging mechanisms 7 respectively.

[0051] The PLC controller of the blower control system and the PLC controller of the control unit are the same controller.

[0052] In Example 2, the horizontal distance 'a' between the fluorescence sensor 300 and the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 in each innermost group of fluorescence receiving units 3 is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, calculate according to the following formula:

[0053] a=H*tanα / 2 ①

[0054] In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the point where the extension of the midline of the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source intersects with the extension of the outer side of the emission angle of the fluorescence sensor at the point behind the substrate.

[0055] α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source.

[0056] In the implementation, the center distance b between adjacent fluorescence sensors 300 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the specific calculation is performed according to the following formula:

[0057] b = 2 * H1 * tanβ ②

[0058] In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens.

[0059] β is the angle at which fluorescence is received by each fluorescence sensor.

[0060] Implementation 2 provides an oil spill monitoring method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a ring. The method uses the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a ring as described in Implementation 1. The specific steps include:

[0061] S1. Calculate and determine the placement of the fluorescence sensors. The fluorescence sensors are arranged in a ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source in layers. The horizontal distance 'a' of each fluorescence sensor from the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center-to-center distance 'b' between adjacent fluorescence sensors is calculated according to formula ②.

[0062] S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and fluorescence sensors at the center of the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device 11, according to the distance calculated in step S1. Monitor the water surface below in real time through the viewing window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescence sensors are on the same plane, and this plane is approximately parallel to the monitored liquid surface. During the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface. The fluorescence sensors receive the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface. Specifically, place the sensor optical path at a distance 'a' on both sides of the light source. Place a convex lens in front of the sensor, leaving part of the optical path in front to shield some ambient light. The sensor collects the fluorescence excited below through the convex lens and focuses it on the sensor position to obtain the strongest light. According to the calculation in step S1, a ring of sensors can be arranged behind the light source to ensure that all fluorescence generated in the area to be measured is collected. In this embodiment, the ultraviolet solid-state light source 2 is fixed on a copper or aluminum substrate 1 via a printed circuit. Holes are provided on both sides of the light source, and a lens barrel is placed in front of it. A convex lens is placed inside the lens barrel. The barrel is fixed to the substrate through the pre-drilled holes, ensuring the light source is positioned at the focal point of the convex lens, thus guaranteeing that the emitted light is projected as parallel as possible. When oil is present in the monitoring area, the ultraviolet light excites the oil, generating fluorescence. The fluorescence enters the sensor through the optical path, where it converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the signal processing board for processing.

[0063] S3. In this embodiment, the purging device is mainly used to clean debris that forms on the surface of the LED and sensor optical paths during use. During operation, when the monitored liquid level rises and is close to the bottom of the device, water splashes onto the optical lenses of the LED and sensor, creating debris that obstructs light emission and reception. A distance sensor is installed at the bottom of the device to monitor the distance between the bottom of the device and the liquid surface in real time, transmitting the distance signal to the PLC controller inside the device. When the distance sensor detects that the water surface is ≤0.3m from the device, and simultaneously the photoelectric sensor detects that the light intensity is less than normal, the PLC controller determines that debris is blocking the emitting or receiving optical path lenses. The PLC controller sends a command to close a relay, triggering a compressed gas device. The compressed gas has a power regulation function. In purging mode, gas is intermittently emitted from the outlet at a certain frequency, increasing the purging force at the moment of purging while reducing the device's power, thus reducing the device's size. The purging frequency is set so that when the equipment determines that purging is needed, the compressed gas device activates the purging mode. In the first cycle, it purifies three times consecutively, with a 10-second interval between each purging. The duration of each purging (T) is less than the LED illumination time (T1). The PLC controller keeps the LED illuminating within the purging interval. Another mode involves continuous purging to prevent large waves from continuously impacting the surface of the sensor's optical system. When the sensor detects insufficient light, it increases the power of the compressed gas device linearly. Simultaneously, the PLC controller receives the light intensity received by the sensor and determines the difference between the intensity and the normal value. If a difference exists, the compressed gas device continues purging at this frequency under the PLC controller's control until the difference is zero. At this point, the PLC controller performs a numerical judgment and stops triggering the compressed gas device. The PLC controller monitors the penetration capability of the LED and sensor lens in real time according to this mode, performing the above operations.

[0064] Based on the highest detection height, this invention also allows for multi-layered, staggered sensor distribution around the light source. The aim is to ensure no fluorescence is missed during collection, with multiple sensors simultaneously acquiring fluorescence generated below within the same time period. Even very small amounts of fluorescence are not missed, thus ensuring the device's sensitivity; even a small amount of oil below can be detected.

[0065] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention, and while it is detailed and specific, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern, characterized in that: The oil spill monitoring device includes a control unit, a substrate (1), an ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) and multiple fluorescence receiving units (3) arranged on the substrate (1). The ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is fixed on the copper or aluminum substrate (1) in the form of a printed circuit. Multiple fluorescence receiving units (3) are distributed around the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) with the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) as the center. The ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is fitted with a first lens tube (4) and a first convex lens (5) is placed inside the first lens tube (4). The ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is located at the focal point of the first convex lens (5). The fluorescence receiving unit (3) includes a fluorescence sensor (300) and a second lens tube (301) fitted outside the fluorescence sensor (300). A second convex lens (302) is fixedly placed inside the second lens tube (301). The control unit sends a pulse signal, and the power supply of the ultraviolet solid light source (2) receives the pulse signal sent by the control unit to drive the light source to switch on and off, thereby controlling the ultraviolet solid light source (2) to flash intermittently; the fluorescence sensor (300) collects the generated fluorescence signal and sends it to the control unit for processing, and performs oil spill monitoring; Multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units (3) are arranged in a multi-layered ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2), with the multiple sets of fluorescence receiving units (3) on the same ring being equidistantly distributed; the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) adopts an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 300nm; the horizontal distance 'a' between the fluorescence sensor (300) in each set of fluorescence receiving units (3) in the innermost ring and the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) is calculated according to the following formula: a = H * tanα / 2 In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the point where the extension of the midpoint of the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source intersects the extension of the outer side of the incident angle of the fluorescence sensor at the point behind the substrate. α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source; The center distance b between adjacent fluorescence sensors (300) is calculated according to the following formula: b = 2 * H1 * tanβ In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens. β is the angle at which fluorescence is received by each fluorescence sensor.

2. The oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill monitoring device also includes an outer shell (6) and a purging mechanism (7). The outer shell (6) is fitted over the ultraviolet solid-state light source (2) and multiple fluorescent receiving units (3) and is fixedly connected to the substrate (1). A viewing window (8) is provided at one end of the outer shell (6) away from the substrate (1). Two sets of purging mechanisms (7) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the outer shell (6). The purging mechanism (7) includes a gas compression device and a jet nozzle. Air holes are correspondingly opened on the outer shell (6). The jet nozzles of the two sets of purging mechanisms (7) extend into the outer shell (6) through the air holes and spray air towards the inside of the outer shell (6) to purge.

3. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The control unit is a PLC controller installed in the oil spill monitoring device, and the base plate (1) is fixedly installed on the bottom plate of the oil spill monitoring device.

4. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A filter (10) is provided at the port of the first lens barrel (4) and the second lens barrel (301) away from the aluminum substrate (1).

5. An oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring device also includes a blowing control system, which includes a PLC controller and a distance sensor (9). The distance sensor (9) is mounted on the substrate (1). The signal output terminal of the distance sensor (9) is connected to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller. The signal output terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the control terminals of the two sets of blowing mechanisms (7).

6. A method for monitoring oil spills with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern, characterized in that: The monitoring method uses the oil spill monitoring device with self-cleaning sensors distributed around it, as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and specifically includes the following steps: S1. Calculate and determine the placement of the fluorescence sensors, which are arranged in a ring around the ultraviolet solid-state light source in layers; the horizontal distance 'a' of each fluorescence sensor from the ultraviolet solid-state light source is calculated according to formula ①, and the center-to-center distance 'b' of adjacent fluorescence sensors is calculated according to formula ②. a = H * tanα / 2 ① In the above formula: H is the vertical distance from the ultraviolet solid-state light source to the point where the extension of the midline of the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source intersects with the extension of the outer side of the emission angle of the fluorescence sensor at the point behind the substrate. α is the emission angle of the ultraviolet solid-state light source; b = 2 * H1 * tanβ ② In the above formula: H1 is the focal length of the plano-convex or convex lens. β is the angle at which fluorescence is received by each fluorescence sensor; S2. Install the ultraviolet solid-state light source and fluorescence sensor at the middle position on the bottom surface of the oil spill monitoring device according to the distance calculated in step S1. Monitor the water surface below in real time through the viewing window. The ultraviolet solid-state light source and multiple fluorescence sensors are on the same plane, and this plane is parallel to the monitored liquid surface. During the monitoring process, the ultraviolet solid-state light source generates fluorescence to the water surface. The fluorescence sensor receives the fluorescence excited by the ultraviolet solid-state light source to monitor the oil spill situation on the water surface.

7. The oil spill monitoring method with self-cleaning sensors arranged in a surrounding pattern according to claim 6, characterized in that: A distance sensor and a purging mechanism are installed on the bottom of the oil spill monitoring equipment. During the monitoring of oil spills on the water surface, the distance sensor monitors the distance between the bottom of the oil spill monitoring equipment and the water surface in real time and transmits the distance signal to the control unit. When the distance sensor detects that the distance between the water surface and the oil spill monitoring equipment is ≤0.3m, and at the same time the light intensity detected by the fluorescence sensor is less than the normal value, it is determined that there is debris blocking the transmitting or receiving optical path lens. The control unit then controls the purging mechanism to start the purging mode.

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