A dynamic monitoring system and method for overburden damage of oil-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of rich oil coal in-situ pyrolysis overburden damage dynamic monitoring system and method, including the sensing module for detecting underground temperature, pressure, displacement, ground geophysical prospecting module, ground gas monitoring module and for monitoring and control DCS control module;DCS control module input respectively connect sensing module, ground gas monitoring module and ground geophysical prospecting module;Sensing module is placed in injection well, production well and monitoring well respectively;Ground geophysical prospecting module and ground gas monitoring module are set in the surface of injection well, production well and monitoring well;The present application carries out engineering before, middle and after logging and sampling test by in well, realizes the dynamic monitoring of rich oil coal in-situ pyrolysis overburden damage, solves the problem that rich oil coal in-situ pyrolysis cannot place monitoring device in underground and carry out monitoring engineering.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a system and method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage in situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal. BACKGROUND

[0002] In-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal mining is a new way of low-carbon development and utilization of coal, which is to inject heat into the coal seam after the coal seam is reformed by drilling on the ground, to realize pyrolysis of the coal seam, and to extract the pyrolysis gas and tar to the ground. However, the in-situ pyrolysis of the coal seam will cause damage to the overburden.

[0003] The traditional way of coal mining is to drill a roadway in the underground, and to place a coal mining machine in the roadway to mechanically cut the coal. The mining method is different from the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal. The in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal mining is to drill a hole on the ground, to reform the coal seam, to heat the coal seam, and to extract the pyrolysis products. The two mining methods are different. The traditional mining method does not have heating and pressurization compared with the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal mining. Compared with the traditional mining, the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal does not drill a roadway in the underground, and does not place fixed equipment. Therefore, the damage modes of the overburden are different for the two mining methods. The monitoring methods of the rock damage are also different. For the specific problems such as temperature, pressure, and heat-carrying gas in the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, the monitoring methods of the overburden damage in the traditional underground coal mining such as drilling, geophysical prospecting, numerical simulation, and similar simulation cannot meet the monitoring requirements. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a system and method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage in in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, which realizes dynamic monitoring of the overburden damage in in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal by conducting engineering logging, sampling, and testing before, during, and after the well, and solves the problem that the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal cannot place monitoring devices in the underground and conduct monitoring engineering.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] The application provides a dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage of in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, comprising a sensing module for detecting underground temperature, pressure and displacement, a ground geophysical prospecting module, a ground gas monitoring module and a DCS control module for monitoring and control; the input end of the DCS control module is connected with the sensing module, the ground gas monitoring module and the ground geophysical prospecting module; the sensing module is placed in the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well; the ground geophysical prospecting module and the ground gas monitoring module are arranged on the surface of the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well; the ground geophysical prospecting module comprises a microseismic array for microseismic monitoring and observation, a ground deformation monitor for monitoring ground displacement or settlement, a micro-motion array and a transient array for ground transient electromagnetic observation; the output end of the microseismic array is electrically connected with a microseismic module for microseismic data processing and interpretation, the output end of the ground deformation monitor is electrically connected with a deformation module for ground deformation monitoring and analysis, the output end of the micro-motion array is electrically connected with a micro-motion module for micro-motion data processing and interpretation, and the output end of the transient array is electrically connected with a transient module for ground transient electromagnetic data processing and interpretation; the output end of the microseismic module, the deformation module, the micro-motion module and the transient module is electrically connected with an analysis module for comprehensive analysis of multiple data; the output end of the analysis module is connected with a comparison module; the system further comprises a drilling core module for drilling rock samples in the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well; the output end of the drilling core module is connected with a test module for physical, chemical and mechanical tests; the output end of the test module is connected with a formation model construction module; the output end of the formation model construction module is connected with a formation model and multiple coupling analysis comparison module; and the output end of the comparison module is connected with an overburden damage determination module.

[0007] In the dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage of in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, the microseismic array, the deformation monitor, the micro-motion array and the transient array are arranged in a multiple circular array mode or a three-dimensional point type acquisition array mode.

[0008] The application further provides a dynamic monitoring method for overburden damage of in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, which adopts the dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage of in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal and comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step one: before the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, drilling injection wells, production wells and monitoring wells in the in-situ pyrolysis development target area of oil-rich coal, obtaining formation cores and logging data through drilling engineering and analyzing the formation structure; obtaining background data by the micro-motion module and the transient module, and determining the formation structure characteristics, formation velocity structure and formation water content; collecting micro-motion seismic data information in real time by the micro-motion module; obtaining formation water content information by the transient module;

[0010] Step two: obtaining formation cores and logging by the drilling core module in the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well, detecting the rock density and porosity of the coal seam and the key sandstone layer by the test module, obtaining the logging curve, obtaining the formation temperature, pressure and displacement data information by the sensing module;

[0011] Step three: Collecting ground deformation and gas component change value information by using ground deformation monitor and gas monitoring module;

[0012] Step four: Collecting and displaying geological information output by the sensing module, ground geophysical module and gas monitoring module by using DCS control module; comprehensively analyzing geological information by using analysis module; and constructing initial geological model of target area by using stratum model construction module;

[0013] Step six: Deploying microseismic array on the ground while fracturing, and monitoring the range of crack expansion of the fractured coal seam by using microseismic module;

[0014] Step seven: Taking the geological information continuously obtained by the DCS control module as boundary conditions during the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal; optimizing the initial geological model by simulating the dynamic changes of overburden and stratum velocity characteristics under different temperature and pressure conditions during the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal in the laboratory; selecting two nodes during the pyrolysis process, repeatedly collecting and processing data and interpretation by using micro-motion module and transient module to obtain second geological information; and comparing the second geological information with the laboratory simulation results by using comparison module;

[0015] Step eight: After the in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal is completed, when the temperature and pressure displayed by the DCS control module approach the original state of the stratum, collecting and processing data and interpretation by using micro-motion module and transient module again to obtain third geological information; comparing the third geological information with the geological information obtained in step four; obtaining cores from the monitoring well bore by using borehole core module, and performing rock mechanics test analysis and water analysis of the obtained cores by using test module; and predicting the damage of overburden in the monitoring well by using geological model;

[0016] Step nine: Simulating the dynamic changes of overburden damage under the same operating conditions by using geological model.

[0017] In the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring method for overburden damage during in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, the micro-motion module is connected with 4G or 5G network.

[0018] In the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring method for overburden damage during in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, in step two, the logging curve includes density logging and acoustic travel time logging.

[0019] In the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring method for overburden damage during in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, the geological information includes original thickness of stratum, lithology, water content and stratum velocity.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0021] The application solves the problems that monitoring device cannot be placed in the well and monitoring engineering cannot be carried out for in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal by carrying out logging and sampling test before, during and after engineering in the well, placing temperature sensor and pressure sensor to monitor in-situ pyrolysis temperature and pressure of oil-rich coal, placing ground displacement monitoring device and gas detection device on the ground, and real-time transmission of microseismic array buried in the whole process + 4 / 5G network, and combining with four-dimensional transient electromagnetic technology.

[0022] 1. The problems that monitoring device cannot be placed in the well and monitoring engineering cannot be carried out for in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal are solved by carrying out logging and sampling test before, during and after engineering in the well.

[0023] 2. The problems of temperature, pressure and gas monitoring technology for in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal are solved by placing temperature sensor and pressure sensor in the well and placing ground displacement monitoring device and gas detection device on the ground.

[0024] 3. The problem of dynamic whole process monitoring for oil-rich coal pyrolysis mining is solved by implementing microseismic array buried in the whole process + 4 / 5G network real-time transmission (microseismic long observation point, or four-dimensional microseismic method can be used when conditions are not available), and combining with the implementation of four-dimensional transient electromagnetic technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of system structure principle of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of process flow of the application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of multiple circle deployment of microseismic measuring point of the application

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional point array deployment of microseismic measuring point of the application

[0029] In the figure:

[0030] 1 - hot injection well; 2 - production well; 3 - monitoring well; 4 - heater; 5 - sensing module; 6 - microseismic array; 7 - deformation monitor; 8 - microseismic array; 9 - transient array; 10 - microseismic module; 11 - deformation module; 12 - microseismic module; 13 - transient module; 14 - online gas analyzer; 15 - DCS control module; 16 - analysis module; 17 - borehole core module; 18 - test module; 19 - formation model construction module; 20 - comparison module; 21 - determination module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application relates to a dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage of oil-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis, comprising a sensing module 5 for detecting underground temperature, pressure and displacement, a ground geophysical prospecting module, a ground gas monitoring module 14, a DCS control module 15 for monitoring and control, a multi-element data comprehensive analysis module 16, a drilling core property testing module 18 and a formation model construction module 19.

[0033] The input end of the DCS control module 15 is connected to the sensing module 5, the ground gas monitoring module 14 and the ground geophysical prospecting module respectively; the sensing module 5 is placed in the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well respectively; the ground geophysical prospecting module and the ground gas monitoring module 14 are arranged on the surface of the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well;

[0034] The ground geophysical prospecting module comprises a microseismic array 6 for microseismic monitoring observation, a ground deformation monitor 7, a micro-motion array 8 and a transient array 9 for ground transient electromagnetic observation; the output end of the microseismic array 6 is electrically connected to a microseismic module 10 for microseismic data processing and interpretation, the output end of the ground deformation monitor 7 is electrically connected to a deformation module 11 for ground deformation monitoring and analysis, the output end of the micro-motion array 8 is electrically connected to a micro-motion module 12 for micro-motion data processing and interpretation, and the output end of the transient array 9 is electrically connected to a transient module 13 for ground transient electromagnetic data processing and interpretation; the microseismic module 10, the deformation module 11, the micro-motion module 12, the transient module 13 and the DCS control module 15 are electrically connected to an analysis module 16 for multi-element data comprehensive analysis.

[0035] It also comprises a drilling core module 17 for drilling rock samples in the injection well, the production well and the monitoring well; the output end of the drilling core module 17 is connected to a testing module 18 for physical, chemical and mechanical tests; the output end of the testing module 18 is connected to a formation model construction module 19; the output end of the construction module 19 is connected to a formation model and multi-element coupling analysis comparison module 20; and the output end of the comparison module 20 is connected to an overburden damage determination module 21.

[0036] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the microseismic array 6, the deformation monitor 7, the micro-motion array 8 and the transient array 9 are arranged in a multiple circular array or a three-dimensional point type acquisition array.

[0037] The ground monitoring deformation monitor 7, the microseismic array 6, the microseismic array 10 and the transient array 9, the temperature, pressure, displacement sensor 5 in the well, the sampling test, the logging, etc., the indoor detection analog formation model construction module 19 are deployed according to respective method characteristics to form a ground-well space monitoring network. The whole pyrolysis formation feature change condition before, during and after pyrolysis is monitored to form a whole process dynamic monitoring. According to the size of the underground pyrolysis range, three monitoring methods are determined to monitor the range and engineering deployment mode. The microseismic monitoring is deployed according to the situation, and part of the monitoring points can coincide with the other two methods; the three geophysical methods are respectively carried out once before the pyrolysis engineering implementation to obtain the original background data for facilitating the later comparative analysis; during the pyrolysis process, the transient electromagnetic data is collected twice, the instrument is sufficient, the microseismic whole cycle monitoring (or 2 times observation is carried out synchronously with the transient electromagnetic method) is carried out, and the microseismic monitoring is carried out during the fracturing process; after the temperature in the pyrolysis area decreases to the normal temperature of the formation, the transient electromagnetic monitoring and the microseismic monitoring are carried out once again, and a monitoring well is implemented in the pyrolysis area to carry out coring, logging and testing analysis, and the whole monitoring is completed by mutual calibration to objectively evaluate the damage of the overburden rock.

[0038] The application also relates to a dynamic monitoring method suitable for damage of overburden rock of an oil-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis oil production formation.

[0039] The first stage is a preparation stage monitoring before pyrolysis.

[0040] 1. (Through technical methods such as exploration) selecting an oil-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis development target area;

[0041] 2. Implementing a first four-dimensional transient electromagnetic exploration engineering to obtain electromagnetic exploration background data and understand formation structure, formation water content and the like;

[0042] 3. Deploying microseismic exploration by using a microseismic monitoring module (adopting a multiple circle mode or a three-dimensional point array mode, the deployment mode is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , parameters are selected according to working conditions, and in principle, the transient electromagnetic physical points coincide to some extent, which is convenient for later data comparative analysis). When the equipment is sufficient, the microseismic monitoring module is connected with a 4G or 5G network to realize real-time collection of microseismic data, and the change of formation structure is analyzed through real-time monitoring data; when the equipment is insufficient, single collection is adopted, and the first collection is carried out like the ground transient electromagnetic method to understand the formation velocity and structure.

[0043] 4. In the construction heat injection well, production well and monitoring well, the core samples of coal seam and key sandstone layer are respectively taken, and the rock physical properties, density, porosity and other parameters are tested.

[0044] 5. Logging work is carried out on the well, including density logging, acoustic travel time logging and other logging curves, to understand the formation properties;

[0045] 6. In the construction of the heat injection well, production well and monitoring well, temperature sensors, pressure sensors and displacement sensors are arranged at the top of the coal seam and key sand layer positions respectively to obtain the trend of formation temperature, pressure and displacement changes;

[0046] 7. Ground displacement (subsidence) monitors and gas detection equipment are deployed on the ground to collect ground deformation and gas component change values, and to indirectly analyze the formation subsidence and formation integrity;

[0047] 8. Various sensing signals are connected by Ethernet, and a DCS control module is built to connect and integrate the display of temperature, pressure and other information;

[0048] 9. According to the geological data obtained above, an initial geological model of the target area is constructed;

[0049] 10. A microseismic monitoring module is deployed in the target area to monitor microseismic events during coal seam fracturing and analyze pyrolysis range;

[0050] Second stage: Dynamic monitoring during pyrolysis process

[0051] 11. According to the progress of the pyrolysis process, strictly follow the engineering layout scheme of the first micro- exploration, reasonably arrange the second and third four-dimensional micro- exploration work (if long observation equipment is used, data can be observed and analyzed in time), and obtain the stage change of the formation;

[0052] 12. Synchronize with the micro- exploration work, strictly follow the engineering layout scheme of the first transient electromagnetic exploration to carry out the second and third ground transient electromagnetic exploration work, and obtain the stage change of the formation and water-bearing property;

[0053] 13. Timely analyze the related information such as temperature, pressure and ground elevation data obtained by the DCS system, and observe the value range;

[0054] 14. Take the related information in the DCS system as the boundary condition, analyze the geophysical characteristics of various formations within the temperature and pressure value range, identify the anomalies of the micro- motion data and transient electromagnetic data obtained in steps 11-12, and obtain the dynamic change of the coal seam overburden;

[0055] 15. On the premise of the above explained geological results, constrain and optimize the geological model of the first stage, establish the formation model under high temperature and high pressure, and clarify its geophysical characteristics to provide support for later model prediction;

[0056] Third stage: Result verification monitoring after the end of the pyrolysis process

[0057] 16. Perform well logging and downhole testing in wells where the heat injection / production pipelines have been pulled out to obtain formation information after pyrolysis;

[0058] 17. A monitoring well is built within the pyrolysis area to conduct drilling sampling (sampling of all key formations), logging, and laboratory testing to obtain formation data after pyrolysis;

[0059] 18. Based on the information recorded by the DCS, after the formation has basically returned to normal temperature and pressure, carry out four micro-seismic surveys (or read long-term observation data) using the same acquisition method as the previous three to obtain the formation information after pyrolysis;

[0060] 19. Simultaneously carry out the fourth transient electromagnetic survey, using the same acquisition method as the previous three surveys, to obtain pyrolysis formation and formation water content data;

[0061] 20. The data obtained by DCS, drill core and various geophysical exploration methods are combined, mutually constrained, comprehensively analyzed and verified to obtain the final damage situation of coal seam overburden.

[0062] 21. Based on the above geological information, simulation methods are used to obtain the formation damage under other mining conditions;

[0063] 22. Completed multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring of the entire process during the in-situ pyrolysis of four oil-rich coals, revealing the damage patterns of the overburden and providing a geological basis for the safe and efficient in-situ mining of the oil-rich coals.

[0064] Multiple micro-seismic and transient electromagnetic surveys are conducted, and data before, during, and after pyrolysis can be used for comparative analysis; physical monitoring and geophysical monitoring work together, in-well and ground observations are coordinated, and multi-time dimension monitoring is carried out before, during, and after mining.

[0065] The key points of the present invention are:

[0066] 1. Deploy multi-dimensional observation devices and real-time monitoring projects on the ground and in wells before, during, and after the pyrolysis mining of oil-rich coal;

[0067] 2. Deploy temperature, pressure, and displacement sensors in the well, and combine them with well logging data and laboratory test data to accurately understand the changes in the physical characteristics of the formation. Based on this, obtain the geophysical characteristics under different temperature and pressure conditions through indoor research, providing constraints and geological foundations for geophysical data processing and analysis;

[0068] 3. Deploy micro-motion detection equipment to collect signals dynamically and in real time throughout the entire process (if conditions permit), and combine it with automated processing software to analyze formation velocity changes in real time and study the laws of formation damage changes;

[0069] 4. Design four-dimensional transient electromagnetic engineering, implement the same parameter geophysical engineering in different stages of the engineering, and study the stratum damage condition through the geophysical data in different periods;

[0070] 5. Design ground displacement and gas online monitoring, and analyze the change condition of the related data in real time;

[0071] 6. Through the multi-dimensional and multi-element data whole-process dynamic monitoring, the damage change law of the overburden strata of the oil-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis is clearly understood, meanwhile, the multi-element data are mutually constrained and verified, and the precision of the monitoring result is improved.

[0072] The overburden strata damage monitoring in the in-situ pyrolysis mining process of the oil-rich coal includes ground data acquisition and well information acquisition, involves dynamic data acquisition work in three stages of before pyrolysis, during pyrolysis and after pyrolysis, and the monitoring method involves temperature, pressure and displacement sensing, geophysical data dynamic monitoring (four-dimensional microseism, four-dimensional electromagnetic exploration, dynamic microseism, logging, microseismic monitoring and the like) and geological drilling monitoring and the like, specifically as follows: before pyrolysis, the first observation of four-dimensional microseism (or long observation microseism) and four-dimensional transient electromagnetic exploration is respectively carried out on the ground, the microseism long observation point is connected with the 4G network, the ground displacement monitoring device and the gas detection device are arranged; in the well, the temperature, pressure and displacement sensors are arranged, the related sensing devices are connected with the Ethernet, the DCS control module is built, and the geological model of the target area is built based on the obtained data; during pyrolysis, the second and third data acquisition of the four-dimensional geophysical exploration is implemented in stages and is timely interpreted, the temperature, pressure and the like data are monitored in real time, the data obtained by the microseism detector is processed in real time, the multi-element data fusion analysis of the whole overburden strata damage deformation is carried out, and the existing geological model is optimized; after the end of pyrolysis, the downhole television and logging and the like are implemented in the existing drilling, the new monitoring drilling is constructed, the coring test and logging work are carried out, the fourth data acquisition of the four-dimensional geophysical exploration is carried out, the microseism observation data is analyzed in real time, the multi-element data analysis is carried out, and the damage condition of the coal seam overburden strata is obtained. The dynamic monitoring of the overburden strata damage is realized by comprehensively using multiple methods and multiple dimensions.

[0073] The above merely describes the preferable specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage during in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on a system, which includes a sensor module (5) for detecting downhole temperature, pressure, and displacement, a microseismic array (6) for microseismic monitoring and observation, a ground deformation monitor (7) for monitoring ground displacement or settlement, a microseismic module (10) for processing and interpreting microseismic data, a microseismic module (12) for processing and interpreting microseismic data, a transient module (13) for processing and interpreting ground transient electromagnetic data, a ground gas monitoring module (14), a DCS control module (15) for monitoring and control, a drilling core module (17) for drilling rock samples in heat injection wells, production wells, and monitoring wells, a testing module (18) for physical, chemical, and mechanical testing, and a comparison module (20); the method includes the following steps: Step 1: In the early stage of in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, heat injection wells, production wells and monitoring wells are drilled in the target area of ​​in-situ pyrolysis development of oil-rich coal, and formation core and logging data are obtained through drilling engineering to analyze the formation structure; the micro-motion module (12) and the transient module (13) are used to obtain background data to clarify the formation structure characteristics, formation velocity structure, formation water content and other characteristics; the micro-motion module (12) is used to collect micro-motion seismic data information in real time; and the transient module (13) is used to obtain formation water content information; Step 2: Obtain formation cores and well logging using the drilling core module (17) in the constructed heat injection well, production well, and monitoring well; use the test module (18) to detect the rock density and porosity of the coal seam and key sandstone layer to obtain well logging curves; use the sensor module (5) to obtain formation temperature, pressure, and displacement data information; Step 3: using a ground deformation monitor (7) and a ground gas monitoring module (14) to collect ground deformation and gas composition change value information; Step 4: using the DCS control module (15) to collect and display the geological information output by the sensor module (5), the ground geophysical exploration module and the ground gas monitoring module (14); using the analysis module (16) to comprehensively analyze the geological information; using the formation model construction module (19) to construct an initial geological model of the target area; Step 6: while performing the fracturing, deploy a microseismic array (6) on the ground and monitor the extent of the crack expansion in the fracturing coal seam through the microseismic module (10); Step 7: During the in-situ pyrolysis of the oil-rich coal, the geological information continuously obtained by the DCS control module (15) is used as the boundary condition; the dynamic changes of the overburden and the formation velocity characteristics under different temperature and pressure conditions during the in-situ pyrolysis of the oil-rich coal are simulated indoors to optimize the initial geological model; two nodes are selected during the pyrolysis process, and the detection data collection, processing and interpretation of the micro-motion module (12) and the transient module (13) are repeated to obtain the second geological information; the comparison module (20) is used to compare the second geological information with the indoor simulation results; Step 8: After the in-situ pyrolysis process of the oil-rich coal is completed, when the temperature and pressure displayed by the DCS control module (15) are close to the original state of the formation, the micro-motion module (12) and the transient module (13) are used to collect data and process and interpret the data to obtain the third geological information; the geological information obtained in step 4 of the third geological information is compared; the core is obtained from the monitoring well borehole using the drilling core module (17), and the rock mechanics test analysis and water analysis of the obtained core are performed using the test module (18); the geological model is used to predict the damage of the overburden in the monitoring well; Step 9: Use geological models to simulate the dynamic changes of overburden damage under the same operating conditions.

2. The method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage caused by in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-switch module (12) is connected to a 4G or 5G network.

3. The method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage caused by in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the logging curves include density logging and acoustic time difference logging.

4. The method for dynamic monitoring of overburden damage caused by in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: Geological information includes original formation thickness, lithology, water content, and formation velocity.

5. A dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage caused by in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal, used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4; characterized in that: The invention also includes a ground geophysical exploration module; the input end of the DCS control module (15) is respectively connected to the sensor module (5), the ground gas monitoring module (14) and the ground geophysical exploration module; the sensor module (5) is respectively placed in the heat injection well, the production well and the monitoring well; the ground geophysical exploration module and the ground gas monitoring module (14) are set on the surface where the heat injection well, the production well and the monitoring well are located; the ground geophysical exploration module includes a microseismic array (6), a ground deformation monitor (7), a micromotion array (8) and a transient array (9) for ground transient electromagnetic observation; the output end of the microseismic array (6) is electrically connected to the microseismic module (10), the output end of the ground deformation monitor (7) is electrically connected to the deformation module (11) for ground deformation monitoring and analysis, and the output end of the micromotion array (8) is electrically connected to the micromotion module ( 12), the output end of the transient array (9) is electrically connected to the transient module (13); the output ends of the microseismic module (10), the deformation module (11), the micromotion module (12), the transient module (13) and the DCS control module (15) are electrically connected to the analysis module (16) for comprehensive analysis of multivariate data; the output end of the analysis module (16) is connected to the comparison module (20); it also includes a borehole core module (17); the output end of the borehole core module (17) is connected to the test module (18); the output end of the test module (18) is connected to the formation model construction module (19); the output end of the formation model construction module (19) is connected to the formation model and multivariate coupling analysis comparison module (20); the output end of the comparison module (20) is connected to the overburden damage determination module (21).

6. The dynamic monitoring system for overburden damage caused by in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The microseismic array (6), ground deformation monitor (7), micro-vibration array (8) and transient array (9) are deployed in a multi-circular array manner or a three-dimensional point acquisition array manner.

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