Non-metallic high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable, belong to cable technical field.The present application uses multilayer composite structure design, with high-temperature-resistant optical fiber as center, is wrapped tight cladding, high-temperature-resistant protective part, high-temperature-resistant inner sheath and high-temperature-resistant outer sheath in turn.Tight cladding uses polyimide composite material, enhances the thermal stability and mechanical strength of optical fiber;High-temperature-resistant protective part uses polytetrafluoroethylene bellows filling aluminium silicate aerogel, improves heat insulation and high-temperature-resistant characteristics;Inner sheath material is filled by high-performance filler such as boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, silicon carbide whisker, provides excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance;Outer sheath is woven by aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber three-dimensionally, greatly enhances the tensile strength and impact resistance of optical cable.This optical cable can be applied to high-temperature temperature monitoring field, has multiple advantages such as high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-mechanical damage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of cables and relates to a non-metallic high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable. BACKGROUND

[0002] An optical cable is a light transmission tool that uses the principle of total reflection of light in glass or plastic fibers. It is composed of optical fibers, plastic protective sleeves, and plastic outer skins. It plays a crucial role in modern communication networks, enabling high-speed and high-capacity data transmission, and is widely used in telecommunications, the Internet, cable television, and many other fields, providing a stable and reliable physical channel for rapid information dissemination.

[0003] With the continuous development of industry, in some special working environments such as petroleum chemical industry, steel smelting, and power energy, conventional optical cables cannot meet the needs. The temperature in these environments is often hundreds of degrees Celsius or even higher. Ordinary metal materials in the optical cable are prone to deformation and oxidation at high temperatures, which can cause signal transmission performance to decline or even be interrupted. At the same time, metal materials can also cause electromagnetic interference, affecting the accuracy of the signal. Therefore, in order to adapt to the communication and monitoring needs in these extreme high-temperature environments, it is necessary to develop non-metallic high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cables. Such optical cables not only need to have good high-temperature resistance, but also need to be able to accurately sense temperature changes to ensure the safe and stable operation of related equipment and systems.

[0004] However, the existing technology for preparing non-metallic high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cables has some shortcomings. On the one hand, in terms of material selection, although some non-metallic materials have certain high-temperature resistance, their physical and chemical properties will still change slowly under the long-term action of high temperature, causing the mechanical and optical properties of the optical cable to gradually deteriorate, affecting the service life. On the other hand, in terms of temperature sensing technology, the existing temperature sensing elements and principles need to be improved in terms of accuracy and stability in high-temperature environments, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements for accurate temperature measurement and real-time monitoring. In addition, the preparation process is relatively complex and costly, which to some extent limits the large-scale application and promotion of non-metallic high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cables. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application relates to a kind of non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable, belong to cable technical field.The present application uses multilayer composite structure design, with high-temperature-resistant optical fiber as center, tight cladding layer, high-temperature-resistant protective piece, high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer and high-temperature-resistant outer sheath are sequentially wrapped.Tight cladding layer uses polyimide composite material, the thermal stability and mechanical strength of optical fiber are enhanced;High-temperature-resistant protective piece uses polytetrafluoroethylene bellows filled with aluminum silicate aerogel, improves the heat insulation and high-temperature-resistant characteristics;Inner protective layer material is filled with high-performance filler such as boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, silicon carbide whisker, which provides excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance;Outer sheath is woven by aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, which greatly enhances the tensile strength and impact resistance of the optical cable.This optical cable can be applied to high-temperature monitoring field, with multiple advantages such as high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical damage resistance.

[0006] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A kind of non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable, the center of the optical cable is high-temperature-resistant optical fiber, and the wrapped optical fiber is tight cladding layer, high-temperature-resistant protective piece, high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer from inside to outside, high-temperature-resistant outer sheath.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the tight cladding layer is polyimide composite material;The preparation method of the polyimide composite material is that polyimide, nano graphene and nano silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 70-80:1-3:10-20 are melt blended at 300-350 DEG C for 20-40 min to obtain polyimide composite material.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the high-temperature-resistant protective piece is polytetrafluoroethylene bellows filled with aluminum silicate aerogel composite material;The preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene bellows is that polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheet, azodicarbonamide and ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed with a ball mill, added into a screw extruder, and melt blended according to the temperature gradient of 340-360 DEG C in feeding section, 330-350 DEG C in mixing section and 290-310 DEG C in base section, and the bellows with a diameter of 400-420 μm is extruded through a bellows mold;The mass ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheet, azodicarbonamide and ammonium bicarbonate is 100:10-20:1.6-2.0:1.0-1.4;

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer is: dispersing boron nitride nanotubes and graphene oxide in N-methyl pyrrolidone 35-45 kHz ultrasonic for 1-3 h, placing silicon carbide whiskers in 0.5-2 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution, adjusting pH to 8-9 with ammonia water and ultrasonic stirring for 30-60 min, and then obtaining modified silicon carbide whiskers by washing and drying; polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whiskers are added into a double screw extruder, the temperature of the feeding section is set to 330-350℃, the temperature of the mixing section is set to 370-390℃, and the temperature of the extrusion section is set to 350-370℃ to obtain the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material; the mass ratio of the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whiskers is 6-7:3-4:1-5:0.5-2:5-10:5-10.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the high-temperature-resistant outer protective sleeve is woven from aramid, modified silicon carbide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the preparation method of the modified silicon carbide fibers is: immersing silicon carbide fibers in 1-2% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, ultrasonic stirring at 30-50℃ for 30-60 min, then drying at 80-120℃ for 10-14 h, and further heat treating at 150-200℃ for 30-60 min.

[0012] Further, the preparation of the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) coating the high-temperature-resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250 um with a modified polyimide coating layer with a thickness of 50±5 um, and performing ultraviolet curing treatment at a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 to form a tight-coated optical fiber;

[0014] (2) passing the tight-coated optical fiber through a corrugated tube, injecting an aluminum silicate gel composite material, treating under a vacuum of -0.08 MPa for 20-30 min to eliminate internal bubbles, and placing the corrugated tube in a supercritical drying device using liquid carbon dioxide as a drying medium, setting the temperature to 35-45℃ and the pressure to 8-12 MPa, and drying for 22-26 h to obtain a corrugated tube high-temperature-resistant protective member with a nano-porous structure of aluminum silicate aerogel;

[0015] (3) placing the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material into an extruder, setting the temperature of the feeding section to 330-350℃, the temperature of the mixing section to 370-390℃, and the temperature of the extrusion section to 350-370℃, uniformly coating the inner protective layer material outside the high-temperature-resistant protective member to form a complete high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer with a moderate thickness of 0.5-1 mm;

[0016] (4) Aramid, modified silicon carbide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are woven in three dimensions at a mass ratio of 5-7:2-4:0.5-1.5, with a weaving angle of 58±2° and a weaving density of 120±5 strands / inch to form a high-temperature resistant outer sheath which is then wrapped around the inner sheath to produce a non-metallic high-temperature resistant optical cable.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, the pH value is adjusted to 3-5 with 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, and stirred at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol. Then, ammonia catalyst is added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 6-8 to promote the transformation of the sol into a gel. The sol is allowed to stand for 20-24 hours to gel the sol. The gel is then immersed in anhydrous ethanol for 8-12 hours to perform solution replacement 3-5 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material. The mass ratio of aluminum nitrate, sodium silicate and deionized water is 1.5-2.0:1-1.5:20-30.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] (1) The tight-closing layer of this invention uses a polyimide composite material. By introducing nano-graphene and nano-silica, the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the polyimide are enhanced. The high-temperature protective component uses a polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated tube filled with aluminum silicate aerogel. Polytetrafluoroethylene provides chemical stability and thermal resistance, while aluminum silicate aerogel achieves excellent heat insulation through its nanoporous structure. The overall structural design enables the optical cable to be used at a temperature of 200°C for a long time and to withstand a high temperature of 250°C-300°C for a short period.

[0020] (2) The inner sheath of this invention is made of materials such as polyetheretherketone, polyimide, and boron nitride nanotubes, which significantly improves the strength and abrasion resistance of the optical cable. The outer sheath adopts a three-dimensional braided structure of aramid, modified silicon carbide fiber, and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber. By optimizing the braiding angle and density, the tensile strength and mechanical impact resistance of the optical cable are significantly improved. In addition, the corrosion resistance and damp heat resistance of the materials enable the optical cable to maintain stable operation in harsh environments.

[0021] (3) The present invention employs a combination of advanced processes and high-performance materials in the preparation process. The tight-fitting layer is coated with modified polyimide using ultraviolet curing technology, which improves production efficiency and reduces environmental pollution; the high-temperature resistant protective component is treated with aluminum silicate aerogel using supercritical drying technology, which preserves the high porosity characteristics of its nanostructure and improves thermal insulation performance; the inner protective layer and outer sheath utilize twin-screw extrusion and three-dimensional weaving processes to achieve uniform material dispersion and structural optimization. Attached Figure Description

[0022] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the application is further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 For non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable structure diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To further illustrate the technical means and effects taken by the present application to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0025] In the following examples and comparative examples, the polyimide is purchased from the EVONIK / Yingchuang brand flagship store, and the model number is P84Fibre A HT; the polytetrafluoroethylene is purchased from Langfang Xuanhui Sealing Material Co., Ltd.; the aramid fiber is purchased from Dongguan Suo Vit Special Thread Co., Ltd., and the part number is 496921513; the polytetrafluoroethylene fiber is purchased from GMD Textile Co., Ltd., and the part number is GMD7; the silicon carbide fiber is purchased from Suzhou Saifei Group.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature sensing optical cable, the center of the optical cable is a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber, and the optical fiber is wrapped from inside to outside by a tight wrapping layer, a high-temperature-resistant protective member, a high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer, and a high-temperature-resistant outer protective sheath.

[0028] The tight wrapping layer is a polyimide composite material; the preparation method of the polyimide composite material is: polyimide, nano-graphene, and nano-silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 75:2:15 are melt-blended at 320℃ for 30min to obtain the polyimide composite material.

[0029] The high-temperature-resistant protective member is a polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated pipe filled with aluminum silicate aerogel composite material; the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated pipe is: polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheet, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed with a ball mill, added into a screw extruder, and melt-blended according to a temperature gradient of 350℃ for the feeding section, 340℃ for the mixing section, and 300℃ for the base section, and then extruded through a corrugated pipe mold to obtain a corrugated pipe with a diameter of 410μm; the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheet, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate is 100:15:1.8:1.2;

[0030] The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant inner sheath is as follows: the boron nitride nanotube and graphene oxide are dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone for 2 h under 40 kHz ultrasonic, the silicon carbide whisker is placed in a 1 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution, the pH is adjusted to 8.5 by using ammonia water and ultrasonic stirring for 45 min, and then the modified silicon carbide whisker is obtained by washing and drying, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide whisker and the silane coupling agent KH550 is 100:1.5; the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whisker are added into a double-screw extruder, the feeding section temperature is set to 340 DEG C, the mixing section temperature is set to 380 DEG C, and the extrusion section temperature is set to 360 DEG C to obtain the high-temperature-resistant inner sheath material; and the mass ratio of the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whisker is 6.5:3.5:3:1:8:8.

[0031] The high-temperature-resistant outer sheath is woven from aramid fibers, modified silicon carbide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, and the modified silicon carbide fibers are prepared by immersing silicon carbide fibers in a 1.5% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, ultrasonicating at 40 DEG C for 45 min, and then drying at 100 DEG C for 12 h and further heat treating at 180 DEG C for 45 min.

[0032] The preparation of the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensing optical cable comprises the following steps:

[0033] (1) The high-temperature-resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250 um is coated with a modified polyimide coating layer with a thickness of 50 um, and is subjected to ultraviolet curing treatment at a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 to form a tight-coated optical fiber;

[0034] (2) The tight-coated optical fiber is passed through a corrugated tube, and an aluminum silicate gel composite material is injected into the corrugated tube, and is subjected to vacuum negative pressure treatment at -0.08 MPa for 25 min to eliminate internal bubbles, and is placed in a supercritical drying device, and liquid carbon dioxide is used as a drying medium, the temperature is set to 40 DEG C, the pressure is set to 10 MPa, and the drying is performed for 24 h to obtain a corrugated tube high-temperature-resistant protective member with a nano-porous structure of aluminum silicate aerogel;

[0035] (3) The high-temperature-resistant inner sheath material is placed in an extruder, the feeding section temperature is set to 340 DEG C, the mixing section temperature is set to 380 DEG C, and the extrusion section temperature is set to 360 DEG C, the inner sheath material is uniformly coated outside the high-temperature-resistant protective member to form a complete high-temperature-resistant inner sheath with a moderate thickness of 0.8 mm;

[0036] (4) aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are woven according to the mass ratio 6:3:1 with three-dimensional stereo weaving, the weaving angle is 58°, the weaving density is 120 roots / inch, and the high-temperature-resistant outer sheath is made by weaving, and the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable is prepared by coating the high-temperature-resistant outer sheath on the inner protective layer.

[0037] The preparation method of the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, 1M dilute hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH value to 4, stirring is carried out at 70 DEG C for 3 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol, an ammonia water catalyst is added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 7 to promote the transformation of the sol to gel, and the sol is allowed to gel by standing for 22 hours, and the gel is immersed in anhydrous ethanol for 10 hours for solution replacement 4 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material; the mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate, the sodium silicate and the deionized water is 1.8:1.2:25.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable, the center of the optical cable is a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber, and the optical fiber is wrapped from the inside out by a tight wrapping layer, a high-temperature-resistant protective member, a high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer, and a high-temperature-resistant outer sheath.

[0040] The tight wrapping layer is a polyimide composite material; the preparation method of the polyimide composite material is as follows: polyimide, nano-graphene, and nano-silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 70:1:10 are melt-blended at 300 DEG C for 20 minutes to obtain the polyimide composite material.

[0041] The high-temperature-resistant protective member is a polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated tube filled with an aluminum silicate aerogel composite material; the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated tube is as follows: polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheets, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed by a ball mill, added to a screw extruder, melt-blended according to a temperature gradient of 340 DEG C for the feeding section, 330 DEG C for the mixing section, and 290 DEG C for the base section, and extruded through a corrugated tube mold to obtain a corrugated tube with a diameter of 400 mu m; the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the boron nitride nanosheets, the azodicarbonamide, and the ammonium bicarbonate is 100:10:1.6:1.

[0042] The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer is as follows: the boron nitride nanotube and graphene oxide are dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone 35-45 kHz ultrasonic for 1 h, the silicon carbide whisker is placed in a 0.5 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution, the pH is adjusted to 8 with ammonia water and ultrasonic stirring is performed for 30 min, and then the modified silicon carbide whisker is obtained by washing and drying; the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whisker are added into a double screw extruder, the temperature of the feeding section is set to 330 DEG C, the temperature of the mixing section is set to 370 DEG C, and the temperature of the extrusion section is set to 350 DEG C to prepare the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide whisker and the silane coupling agent KH550 is 100:1, and the mass ratio of the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whisker is 6:3:1:0.5:5:5.

[0043] The high-temperature-resistant outer protective sleeve is woven from aramid fibers, modified silicon carbide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, the preparation method of the modified silicon carbide fibers is as follows: the silicon carbide fibers are immersed in a 1% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, ultrasonic treatment is performed at 30 DEG C for 30 min, then the silicon carbide fibers are dried at 80 DEG C for 10 h, and further heat treatment is performed at 150 DEG C for 30 min.

[0044] The preparation of the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) the high-temperature-resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250 um is coated with a modified polyimide coating layer with a thickness of 45 um, and is subjected to ultraviolet curing treatment at a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 to form a tight-coated optical fiber;

[0046] (2) the tight-coated optical fiber is passed through a corrugated tube, and an aluminum silicate gel composite material is injected into the corrugated tube, and is subjected to vacuum negative pressure treatment at -0.08 MPa for 20 min to eliminate internal bubbles, and is placed in a supercritical drying device, and liquid carbon dioxide is used as a drying medium, the temperature is set to 35 DEG C, the pressure is set to 8 MPa, and drying is performed for 22 h to obtain a corrugated tube high-temperature-resistant protective member with a nano-porous structure of aluminum silicate aerogel;

[0047] (3) the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material is placed in an extruder, the temperature of the feeding section is set to 330 DEG C, the temperature of the mixing section is set to 370 DEG C, and the temperature of the extrusion section is set to 350 DEG C, the inner protective layer material is uniformly coated outside the high-temperature-resistant protective member to form a complete high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer with a moderate thickness of 0.5 mm;

[0048] (4) aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are woven according to the mass ratio 5:2:0.5 with three-dimensional stereo weaving, the weaving angle is 56°, the weaving density is 115 roots / inch, and the high-temperature-resistant outer sheath is made by weaving, and the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable is prepared by coating the high-temperature-resistant outer sheath on the outer layer of the inner protective layer.

[0049] The preparation method of the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, 1M dilute hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH value to 3, and the mixture is stirred at 60°C for 2 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol; then ammonia water catalyst is added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 6, so as to promote the transformation of the sol into gel; the sol is left to gel for 20 hours, and then the gel is soaked in anhydrous ethanol for 8 hours for solution replacement for 3 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material; the mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate, the sodium silicate and the deionized water is 1.5:1:20.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable, the center of the optical cable is a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber, and the optical fiber is wrapped from the inside out by a tight wrapping layer, a high-temperature-resistant protective member, a high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer, and a high-temperature-resistant outer sheath.

[0052] The tight wrapping layer is a polyimide composite material; the preparation method of the polyimide composite material is as follows: polyimide, nano-graphene, and nano-silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 80:3:20 are melt-blended at 350°C for 40 minutes to obtain the polyimide composite material.

[0053] The high-temperature-resistant protective member is a polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated tube filled with an aluminum silicate aerogel composite material; the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated tube is as follows: polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheets, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed by a ball mill, and then fed into a screw extruder; the temperature gradient is set as 360°C for the feeding section, 350°C for the mixing section, and 310°C for the base section for melt blending; and a corrugated tube with a diameter of 420μm is extruded through a corrugated tube mold; the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the boron nitride nanosheets, the azodicarbonamide, and the ammonium bicarbonate is 100:20:2.0:1.4.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer is: dispersing boron nitride nanotubes and graphene oxide in N-methyl pyrrolidone 35-45 kHz ultrasonic for 3h, placing silicon carbide whiskers in a 2wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution, adjusting the pH to 9 with ammonia water and ultrasonic stirring for 60min, and then washing and drying to obtain modified silicon carbide whiskers, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide whiskers to the silane coupling agent KH550 being 100:2; adding polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whiskers into a double-screw extruder, setting the feeding section temperature to 350℃, the mixing section temperature to 390℃ and the extrusion section temperature to 370℃ to prepare the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material; the mass ratio of the polyether ether ketone, the polyimide, the boron nitride nanotubes, the graphene oxide, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the modified silicon carbide whiskers being 7:4:5:2:10:10.

[0055] The high-temperature-resistant outer protective sleeve is woven from aramid fibers, modified silicon carbide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, the preparation method of the modified silicon carbide fibers being: immersing silicon carbide fibers in a 2% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, ultrasonic stirring at 50℃ for 60min, then placing in a 120℃ drying oven for 10-14h, and further heat treating at 200℃ for 60min.

[0056] The preparation of the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) coating the high-temperature-resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250um with a modified polyimide coating layer with a thickness of 55μm, and performing ultraviolet curing treatment at a wavelength of 365nm and an intensity of 500mJ / cm 2 to form a tight-coated optical fiber;

[0058] (2) passing the tight-coated optical fiber through a bellows, injecting an aluminum silicate gel composite material, treating at a vacuum negative pressure of -0.08MPa for 30min to eliminate internal bubbles, and placing in a supercritical drying device using liquid carbon dioxide as a drying medium, setting the temperature to 45℃ and the pressure to 12MPa, and drying for 26h to obtain a bellows high-temperature-resistant protective member with a nano-porous structure of aluminum silicate aerogel;

[0059] (3) placing the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material into an extruder, setting the feeding section temperature to 350℃, the mixing section temperature to 390℃ and the extrusion section temperature to 370℃, uniformly coating the inner protective layer material on the outside of the high-temperature-resistant protective member to form a complete high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer with a moderate thickness of 1mm;

[0060] (4) aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are woven according to the mass ratio 7:4:1.5 by three-dimensional weaving, the weaving angle is 60°, the weaving density is 125 roots / inch, and a high-temperature-resistant outer sheath is prepared by weaving to cover the inner protective layer to prepare a non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable.

[0061] The preparation method of the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, 1M dilute hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH value to 5, stirring is carried out at 80℃ for 4 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol, an ammonia water catalyst is added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 8 to promote the transformation of the sol to gel, and the gel is obtained by standing for 24 hours, immersing the gel in anhydrous ethanol for 12 hours for solution replacement 5 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material; the mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate, the sodium silicate and the deionized water is 2:1.5:30.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] A non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable, the center of the optical cable is a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber, and the optical fiber is wrapped from the inside out by a tight wrapping layer, a high-temperature-resistant protective piece, a high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer, and a high-temperature-resistant outer sheath.

[0064] The tight wrapping layer is a polyimide composite material; the preparation method of the polyimide composite material is as follows: polyimide, nano-graphene, and nano-silicon dioxide with a mass ratio of 80:1:10 are melt-blended at 320℃ for 25min to obtain the polyimide composite material.

[0065] The high-temperature-resistant protective piece is a polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated pipe filled with an aluminum silicate aerogel composite material; the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene corrugated pipe is as follows: polytetrafluoroethylene, boron nitride nanosheets, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed by a ball mill, added to a screw extruder, melt-blended according to a temperature gradient of 340℃ for the feeding section, 350℃ for the mixing section, and 290℃ for the base section, and extruded into a corrugated pipe with a diameter of 410μm through a corrugated pipe mold; the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the boron nitride nanosheets, the azodicarbonamide, and the ammonium bicarbonate is 100:12:1.7:1.3.

[0066] The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer is as follows: the boron nitride nanotube and graphene oxide are dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone 38 kHz ultrasonic for 1 h, the silicon carbide whisker is placed in 0.8 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution, the pH is adjusted to 9 by using ammonia water and ultrasonic stirring for 30-60 min, and then the modified silicon carbide whisker is obtained by washing and drying; the polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and modified silicon carbide whisker are added into a double screw extruder, the temperature of the feeding section is set to 350°C, the temperature of the mixing section is set to 370°C, and the temperature of the extrusion section is set to 350°C to obtain the high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material, the mass ratio of the silicon carbide whisker and the silane coupling agent KH550 is 100:1.2, and the mass ratio of the polyether ether ketone, the polyimide, the boron nitride nanotube, the graphene oxide, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and the modified silicon carbide whisker is 6:3:5:2:10:10.

[0067] The high-temperature-resistant outer protective sleeve is woven from aramid fibers, modified silicon carbide fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, the preparation method of the modified silicon carbide fibers is as follows: the silicon carbide fibers are immersed in 2% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, ultrasonic treatment is performed at 30°C for 60 min, and then the silicon carbide fibers are dried at 120°C for 10 h and further heat treated at 200°C for 33 min.

[0068] The preparation of the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable comprises the following steps:

[0069] (1) The high-temperature-resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250 um is coated with a modified polyimide coating layer with a thickness of 52 um, and is subjected to ultraviolet curing treatment at a wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 500 mJ / cm 2 to form a tight-coated optical fiber;

[0070] (2) The tight-coated optical fiber is passed through a corrugated tube, and an aluminum silicate gel composite material is injected into the corrugated tube, and is subjected to vacuum negative pressure treatment at -0.08 MPa for 22 min to eliminate internal bubbles, and is placed in a supercritical drying device, and liquid carbon dioxide is used as a drying medium, the temperature is set to 36°C, the pressure is set to 9 MPa, and the drying time is 23 h to obtain a corrugated tube high-temperature-resistant protective member with a nano-porous structure of aluminum silicate aerogel;

[0071] (3) The high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer material is placed in an extruder, the temperature of the feeding section is set to 330°C, the temperature of the mixing section is set to 390°C, and the temperature of the extrusion section is set to 370°C, the inner protective layer material is uniformly coated outside the high-temperature-resistant protective member to form a complete high-temperature-resistant inner protective layer with a moderate thickness of 0.7 mm;

[0072] (4) Aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are three-dimensionally woven according to a mass ratio of 5:4:1.5, a weaving angle of 59°, and a weaving density of 122 roots / inch to form a high-temperature-resistant outer sheath, which is coated on the outer layer of the inner protective layer to form the non-metal high-temperature-resistant temperature-sensitive optical cable.

[0073] The preparation method of the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, 1M dilute hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH value to 3.2, and the mixture is stirred at 63°C for 3 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol. Then, an ammonia water catalyst is added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 6.6, so as to promote the sol-gel transition of the sol. After standing for 21 hours, the sol is gelled, and the gel is immersed in anhydrous ethanol for 9 hours for solution replacement 4 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material. The mass ratio of the aluminum nitrate, the sodium silicate, and the deionized water is 1.7:1.5:22.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] On the basis of Example 1, a polyimide composite material is prepared, without adding nano-graphene, and the mass ratio of polyimide and nano-silicon dioxide is changed to 75:17, and the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] On the basis of Example 1, a polyimide composite material is prepared, without adding nano-silicon dioxide, and the mass ratio of polyimide and nano-graphene is changed to 75:17, and the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] On the basis of Example 1, the inner protective layer material does not add polyimide, and the mass ratio of polyether ether ketone, boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and modified silicon carbide whisker is changed to 10:3:1:8:8.

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] On the basis of Example 1, the inner protective layer material does not add boron nitride nanotube, and the mass ratio of polyether ether ketone, polyimide, graphene oxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and modified silicon carbide whisker is changed to 6.5:3.5:4:8:8.

[0082] Comparative Example 5

[0083] On the basis of Example 1, the inner protective layer material does not add graphene oxide, and the mass ratio of polyether ether ketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotube, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and modified silicon carbide whisker is changed to 6.5:3.5:1:8:11.

[0084] Comparative Example 6

[0085] On the basis of example 1, the inner protective layer material does not add modified silicon carbide whisker, the mass ratio of polyether ether ketone, polyimide, graphene oxide, boron nitride nanotube, N-methyl pyrrolidone is 6.5:3.5:11:1:8.

[0086] Comparative example 7

[0087] On the basis of example 1, the high-temperature-resistant outer protective sleeve does not add modified silicon carbide fiber, the mass ratio of aramid fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber is 6:4, and the rest is consistent with example 1.

[0088] Performance test:

[0089] Tensile strength and elongation at break test: according to GB / T2951.11-2008;

[0090] High-temperature resistance test: after aging treatment at 200 DEG C for 5 days, the tensile strength and elongation at break are tested according to the above method.

[0091]

[0092] According to the test results, the tight cladding layer adopts polyimide composite material, the inner protective layer material is compounded by high-performance fillers such as boron nitride nanotube, graphene oxide and silicon carbide whisker, and the outer protective sleeve is three-dimensionally woven by aramid fiber, modified silicon carbide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, which significantly increases the high-temperature resistance of the optical cable material.

[0093] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical solution of the present application. Any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application, which does not depart from the technical solution of the present application, still belongs to the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable, characterized in that: The optical cable has a high-temperature resistant optical fiber at its core, and the optical fiber is wrapped from the inside out with: a tight-closing layer, a high-temperature resistant protective component, a high-temperature resistant inner sheath, and a high-temperature resistant outer sheath. The high-temperature resistant inner protective layer is prepared as follows: boron nitride nanotubes and graphene oxide are dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone at 35-45 kHz for 1-3 hours; silicon carbide whiskers are placed in a 0.5-2 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 ethanol solution; and the pH is adjusted with ammonia. After ultrasonic stirring for 30-60 minutes, modified silicon carbide whiskers are obtained by washing and drying. Polyetheretherketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene oxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and modified silicon carbide whiskers are added to a twin-screw extruder. The feed section temperature is set at 330-350℃, the mixing section temperature at 370-390℃, and the extrusion section temperature at 350-370℃ to obtain a high-temperature resistant inner protective layer material. The mass ratio of polyetheretherketone, polyimide, boron nitride nanotubes, graphene oxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and modified silicon carbide whiskers is 6-7:3-4:1-5:0.5-2:5-10:5-10.

2. The non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tight-fitting layer is a polyimide composite material; the polyimide composite material is prepared by melting and blending polyimide, nano-graphene, and nano-silica in a mass ratio of 70-80:1-3:10-20 at 300-350℃ for 20-40 minutes to obtain the polyimide composite material.

3. The non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant protective component is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) corrugated tube filled with aluminum silicate aerogel composite material. The PTFE corrugated tube is prepared by mixing PTFE, boron nitride nanosheets, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate uniformly using a ball mill, adding the mixture to a screw extruder, and performing melt blending with a temperature gradient of 340-360℃ in the feeding section, 330-350℃ in the mixing section, and 290-310℃ in the base section. The mixture is then extruded through a corrugated tube die to form a corrugated tube with a diameter of 400-420 μm. The mass ratio of PTFE, boron nitride nanosheets, azodicarbonamide, and ammonium bicarbonate is 100:10-20:1.6-2.0:1.0-1.

4.

4. The non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant outer sheath is woven from aramid, modified silicon carbide fiber, and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber. The modified silicon carbide fiber is prepared by immersing the silicon carbide fiber in a 1-2% silane coupling agent KH550 anhydrous ethanol solution, sonicating at 30-50℃ for 30-60 minutes, drying at 80-120℃ for 10-14 hours, and then further heat-treating at 150-200℃ for 30-60 minutes.

5. A method for preparing a non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) A modified polyimide coating with a thickness of 50±5μm was applied to a high-temperature resistant optical fiber with a diameter of 250μm, and the coating was subjected to a wavelength of 365nm and an intensity of 500mJ / cm. 2 UV curing process forms tight-clad optical fibers; (2) Pass the tight-cladding optical fiber through the corrugated tube, inject the aluminum silicate gel composite material, treat it under vacuum negative pressure of -0.08MPa for 20-30min to eliminate internal bubbles, place it in a supercritical drying equipment, use liquid carbon dioxide as the drying medium, set the temperature to 35-45℃, the pressure to 8-12MPa, and dry for 22-26h to obtain a corrugated tube high-temperature protective component with nanoporous aluminum silicate aerogel. (3) Put the high-temperature resistant inner protective layer material into the extruder, set the temperature of the feeding section to 330-350℃, the temperature of the mixing section to 370-390℃, and the temperature of the extrusion section to 350-370℃, and uniformly cover the outside of the high-temperature resistant protective part with the inner protective layer material to form a complete high-temperature resistant inner protective layer with a moderate thickness of 0.5-1mm. (4) Aramid, modified silicon carbide fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene fiber are woven in a three-dimensional manner at a mass ratio of 5-7:2-4:0.5-1.5, with a weaving angle of 58±2° and a weaving density of 120±5 strands / inch to form a high-temperature resistant outer sheath, which is then wrapped around the inner sheath to produce a non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable.

6. The preparation of a non-metallic high-temperature resistant temperature-sensing optical cable according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing the aluminum silicate gel composite material in step (2) is as follows: aluminum nitrate and sodium silicate are dissolved in deionized water, and the pH value is adjusted to 3-5 with 1M dilute hydrochloric acid. The mixture is stirred at 60-80℃ for 2-4 hours to form a uniform aluminum silicate sol. Ammonia catalyst is then added to the sol to adjust the pH value to 6-8 to promote the transformation of the sol into a gel. The mixture is allowed to stand for 20-24 hours to gel the sol. The gel is then immersed in anhydrous ethanol for 8-12 hours and the solution is replaced 3-5 times to obtain the aluminum silicate gel composite material. The mass ratio of aluminum nitrate, sodium silicate, and deionized water is 1.5-2.0:1-1.5:20-30.

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