Welding skill test combined structure and welding skill test evaluation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of welding, and provides a welding skill test combined structure and a welding skill test evaluation method. The welding skill test combination structure comprises a bottom plate; the box-type assembly can be welded to the bottom plate, the box-type assembly comprises a plurality of panels, and the panels can be connected in a welded mode and define a box-type structure; the plurality of samples are selected from a plurality of welding seam intersections on the box-type assembly; wherein the edges of at least three panels in the plurality of panels are connected through welding to form a welding seam, and the intersection position of each welding seam is set as a welding seam intersection. The welding skill test evaluation method is executed by utilizing the welding skill test combination structure. According to the structure, end sampling of a welding seam can be achieved by sampling at the joint of the welding seam, the examination and inspection rule is more strict than that of existing relevant welding standards, the examination and operation level of a welder is effectively improved by simulating working conditions such as a short welding seam and a limited space and planning and designing different welding positions, and the actual combat capacity of the welder is improved. Moreover, the structure can realize that a set of integral combined structure can meet the examination requirements of all-position welding skill qualification in an allowable range, and can be used for judging the quality problem of various types of welding seams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of welding, and provides a welding skill test and training combination structure and a welding skill test and training evaluation method. Background Art

[0002] The training and assessment of welder skills is an important part of ensuring that welders have the necessary skills and safety awareness. At present, the training and assessment of welder skills generally selects corresponding welding standards according to different base materials and uses standard test pieces.

[0003] The following problems still exist in the existing welder skill assessment using standard specimens.

[0004] For example, the welding joint structure of the standard sample is single, and each standard joint can only evaluate one welding condition. However, in actual production, the welding joints of products are diverse, and each joint needs to pass the corresponding qualification assessment. A welder needs to pass the skill assessment of multiple welder qualifications, resulting in a huge waste of test plates.

[0005] For another example, the test plate required for the assessment using standard specimens is larger in size, the working space has a higher degree of freedom, and the heat dissipation is good, so the operator's operating skills are relatively low; however, when welding actual products, there may be complex working conditions such as narrow spaces, corner welding, and three-point intersections, and the entire length of the weld must meet complex welding requirements such as design requirements, and in some cases, some special welds need to be verified, such as welds with poor welding accessibility, HV-type welds, branch pipe structure welds, etc. The comparison of the above situations has caused the existing welding assessment using standard specimens to have a problem of mismatch between the assessment working environment and the complex working conditions in the actual production process, which will cause the assessment results to be seriously out of touch with practice.

[0006] For another example, when using standard samples for assessment, it is generally required to delete the 25mm weld at the end and not evaluate it, and this area is the starting or ending end of the weld. At the starting end of the weld, due to insufficient heat input, it is easy to produce unfused defects; at the end of the weld, due to insufficient filler metal, it is easy to produce defects such as arc hole cracks. These are defects that are easy to occur in actual production, and the existing standard samples cannot reliably evaluate how to solve such defects.

[0007] Based on the above problems, it is urgent to propose a comprehensive welding skills test and training combination structure and welding skills test and training evaluation method that can meet multiple requirements. Summary of the invention

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention provides a welding skill assessment and training combination structure, which is used to solve the problem that the existing welding assessment using standard samples in the related technology has a mismatch between the assessment working environment and the complex working conditions in the actual production process, thereby causing the defect that the assessment results are seriously out of touch with practice.

[0009] The present invention provides a welding skill training combination structure, comprising: a base plate; a box-type combination body that can be welded on the base plate, the box-type combination body comprising a plurality of panels, each of which can be connected by welding and enclosed to form a box-type structure; a plurality of specimens, all of which are selected from the intersections of a plurality of welds on the box-type combination body; wherein the edges of at least three of the plurality of panels are connected by welding to form a weld, and the intersection position of each of the welds is set as the intersection of the welds.

[0010] According to the welding skill training combination structure provided by the present invention, the box-type combination includes: a pair of side upright plates, which are erected parallel to the bottom plate, and the pair of side upright plates are arranged at an interval; a back panel, which is erected on the bottom plate, and the two sides of the back panel are respectively connected to the rear ends of the pair of side upright plates; a top panel, whose two sides are respectively connected to the top ends of the pair of side upright plates, the rear end of the top panel is connected to the top end of the back panel, and the top panel is arranged parallel to the bottom plate; a front panel, whose top end is connected to the front end of the top panel, and the two sides of the front panel are respectively connected to the front ends of the pair of side upright plates.

[0011] According to the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention, several specimens include a bottom specimen, and the bottom specimen is selected at the intersection of the bottom weld of the vertical plate, the bottom weld of the back plate and the side weld of the back plate; the bottom weld of the vertical plate is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of any one of the side vertical plates and the bottom plate, the bottom weld of the back plate is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of the back panel and the bottom plate, and the side weld of the back panel is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the back panel and the side vertical plate on the corresponding side.

[0012] According to the welding skill training combination structure provided by the present invention, the side vertical plate includes an upper side plate and a lower side plate, the upper side plate and the lower side plate are located in the same plane, the bottom edge of the upper side plate and the top edge of the lower side plate are welded to form a middle weld of the vertical plate, and the bottom edge of the lower side plate and the bottom plate are welded to form a bottom weld of the vertical plate; the back panel forms the back panel side weld with the upper side plate and the lower side plate respectively; a number of specimens include a middle specimen, and the middle specimen is selected at the welding intersection of the middle weld of the vertical plate and two side welds of the back plate.

[0013] According to the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention, several specimens include front end specimens, and the front end specimens are selected at the intersection of the top weld of the vertical plate, the front end weld of the top plate and the side weld of the front plate; the top weld of the vertical plate is formed at the welding place between the top edge of any one of the side vertical plates and the top panel, the front end weld of the top plate is formed at the welding place between the front end of the top panel and the top edge of the front panel, and the side weld of the front panel is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the front panel and the side vertical plate on the corresponding side.

[0014] According to the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention, the top panel includes at least two top panel bodies, each of the top panel bodies is connected between the tops of a pair of side panels, and any two adjacent top panel bodies are welded to form a top panel middle weld, and the back panel is respectively welded to the rear ends of each of the top panel bodies to form a number of back panel top welds; a number of specimens include a first top specimen, and the first top specimen is selected at the welding intersection of any top panel middle weld and two adjacent back panel top welds.

[0015] According to the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention, the back panel includes at least two back panel bodies, the top of each back panel body is connected to each top panel body one by one and a number of back panel top welds are formed by welding; the bottom edge of each back panel body is connected to the bottom plate, each back panel body is connected between a pair of side panels, and any two adjacent back panel bodies are welded to form a back panel middle weld; a number of specimens include a second top specimen, and the second top specimen is selected from the welding intersection of any middle weld of the top plate, two adjacent top welds of the back plate, and the middle weld of the back plate at the corresponding position.

[0016] According to the welding skill test combination structure provided by the present invention, the box-type combination also includes a first tube body and a second tube body, the end of the first tube body is coaxially connected to the first end of the second tube body and is welded to form a tube-to-tube butt weld, the second end of the second tube body is inserted into and connected to any of the panels and is welded to form a tube-to-sheet butt weld; the sample can also be selected from at least one of the tube-to-tube butt weld and the tube-to-sheet butt weld.

[0017] According to the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention, the front panel of the box-type combination is obliquely connected to the front end of the box-type structure, the second tube body is connected to the front panel, and the axis of the second tube body is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the front panel.

[0018] The present invention provides a welding skill assessment and training method, which is implemented by using the welding skill assessment and training combined structure.

[0019] The welding skill assessment and evaluation method comprises the following steps.

[0020] Demand analysis step: Based on the parent material characteristics and welding position requirements, the sample selection position of the welding skill test and training combination structure is determined in advance.

[0021] Welding step: welding the box-type assembly of the welding skill test combined structure.

[0022] Inspection and evaluation steps: Perform visual inspection and metallographic examination on each weld of the box-type assembly, and draw an evaluation conclusion.

[0023] The welding skill test and training combination structure described in the present invention includes a base plate and a box-type assembly. The box-type assembly can be welded on the base plate, and the box-type assembly includes a plurality of panels, each of which can be connected by welding and enclosed to form a box-type structure; a plurality of samples are selected from the intersection of a plurality of welds on the box-type assembly; wherein, the edges of at least three of the plurality of panels are connected by welding to form a weld, and the intersection position of each weld is set as the intersection of the welds. By sampling at the intersection of the welds, the structure can realize the end sampling of the welds, which is more stringent than the assessment and inspection rules of the existing relevant welding standards, and by simulating working conditions such as short welds and confined spaces and planning and designing different welding positions, the welder's test and training operation level is effectively improved, so that the welder's practical ability is improved. In addition, the structure can realize a set of overall combined structures that can meet the assessment requirements of all-position welding skill qualifications within the allowable range, and can be used to determine the quality problems of multiple types of welds.

[0024] The welding skill test and evaluation method described in the present invention is performed using the above-mentioned welding skill test and evaluation combination structure. The welding skill test and evaluation method includes the following steps: a demand analysis step: based on the parent material characteristics and welding position requirements, predetermine the sample selection position of the welding skill test and training combination structure; a welding step: welding the box-type assembly of the welding skill test and training combination structure; an inspection and evaluation step: performing an appearance inspection and metallographic inspection on each weld of the welded box-type assembly, and drawing an evaluation conclusion. This method can pre-plan the test sample selection position and welding position according to the actual welding test and training requirements, and can inspect and evaluate the welded box-type assembly. The quality of multiple welds can be detected by one sample, thereby reducing the number of test samples and corrosion time, saving detection costs and improving detection efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, since the welding skill test and training evaluation method is executed by utilizing the above-mentioned welding skill test and training combination structure, the welding skill test and training evaluation method has all the advantages of the above-mentioned welding skill test and training combination structure, and the details will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the selection position of the sample of the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the selection position of the sample of the welding skill test and training combination structure provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is one of the weld schematic diagrams of the welding skill test and training combined structure provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram of the weld of the welding skill test and training combined structure provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a welding position meaning diagram of the all-position welding provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the welding skill examination and training evaluation method provided by the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Bottom plate; 2. First lower side plate; 3. First upper side plate; 4. First top plate body; 5. Second top plate body; 6. Second upper side plate; 7. Second lower side plate; 8. First back plate body; 9. Second back plate body; 10. First tube body; 11. Second tube body; 12. Front panel; 13. Back panel; 14. First side vertical plate; 15. Second side vertical plate; 16. Top panel; 17. Pipe fitting; 18. Fixing hole; H1. First weld; H2. Second weld; H3. Third weld; H4 , the fourth weld; H5, the fifth weld; H6, the sixth weld; H7, the seventh weld; H8, the eighth weld; H9, the ninth weld; H10, the tenth weld; H11, the eleventh weld; H12, the twelfth weld; H13, the thirteenth weld; H14, the fourteenth weld; H15, the fifteenth weld; H16, the sixteenth weld; M1, the first specimen; M2, the second specimen; M3, the third specimen; M4, the fourth specimen; M5, the fifth specimen; M6, the sixth specimen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] The following is based on Figures 1 to 6 The welding skill test and training combination structure of the present invention (referred to as "combination structure" or "structure" in the present invention) and the welding skill test and training evaluation method performed using the combination structure (referred to as "evaluation method" or "method" in the present invention) are described in detail.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the welding skill assessment and training combined structure of the present invention comprises a bottom plate 1 and a box-type assembly. The box-type assembly can be welded on the bottom plate 1. The bottom plate 1 can play a role in fixing and supporting the overall structure during the welder assessment process. The box-type assembly comprises a plurality of panels, each of which can be connected and enclosed by welding to form a box-type structure.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, during the welding skill test training, the welding assessment of the operator includes the assembly and welding of the box-type assembly, and also includes the selection of samples at the corresponding positions of the welds after welding. That is, the combined structure described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of samples, each of which is selected from the intersection of a plurality of welds on the box-type assembly. Among them, the edges of at least three panels in each group of all panels are connected by welding to form a weld, and the intersection position of each weld is set as the intersection of the welds.

[0038] During the welding skills test training process, the operator is required to assemble the panels of the box-type assembly on the bottom plate 1, and form corresponding welds by welding the joints of the panels according to the test and training requirements. The operator's welding skills and welding quality are judged by visual inspection and macroscopic metallographic inspection of the welds. The box-type assembly not only includes conventional welder assessment items such as butt joints and corner joints, but also adds non-standard structures such as HV groove structures, inserted tube sheet structures, and confined space welding structures. This combined structure can adopt a small-size sample combination evaluation mode different from the standard test, thereby improving the welder's ability to handle short welds on existing vehicles.

[0039] On this basis, the combined structure described in the embodiment of the present invention breaks through the commonly used ISO 9606-2 standard restrictions on welder qualifications by adopting a sampling mode of intercepting metallographic samples at the joints of multiple welds, and inspects welds within 25 mm of end positions where there are no inspection requirements and have a high risk of defects, and inspects end positions where there are no inspection requirements and have a high risk of defects, so as to more reasonably use working test pieces to verify the skills of welders.

[0040] It can be seen that the structure can achieve end sampling of welds by sampling at the intersection of welds, which is more stringent than the assessment and inspection rules of existing relevant welding standards. It can also effectively improve the welder's training and operation level by simulating working conditions such as short welds and confined spaces and planning and designing different welding positions, so as to improve the welder's practical ability. In addition, the structure can realize a set of overall combined structures that can meet the assessment requirements of all-position welding skills qualifications within the allowable range, and can be used to determine the quality problems of multiple types of welds.

[0041] In some embodiments, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the box-type assembly described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of side panels, a back panel 13, a top panel 16 and a front panel 12. A pair of side panels, the back panel 13, the top panel 16 and the front panel 12 are spliced ​​and surrounded to form the above-mentioned box-type structure. A pair of side panels are erected on the bottom plate 1 in parallel, and the pair of side panels are arranged at intervals. The back panel 13 is erected on the bottom plate 1, and the two sides of the back panel 13 are respectively connected to the rear ends of a pair of side panels. The two sides of the front panel 12 are respectively connected to the front ends of a pair of side panels. Thus, a pair of side panels, the back panel 13 and the front panel 12 are surrounded on the floor to form a box-type structure with an upper opening. The two sides of the top panel 16 are respectively connected to the top ends of a pair of side panels, the rear end of the top panel 16 is connected to the top end of the back panel 13, and the top panel 16 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate 1. The front panel 12, the top end is connected to the front end of the top panel 16. The top panel 16 can close the top of the above-mentioned box-type structure with an upper opening, so that the various panels of the box-type assembly are connected to each other, forming a box-type structure with a closed top together with the bottom plate 1. The box-type structure is used to construct special working conditions such as narrow spaces and confined spaces, and the connection positions of the various panels of the box-type assembly form working conditions of different welding positions, which can improve the actual operating ability of welders in training and make the training process and results closer to actual operating conditions.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, a pair of side panels of the box-type assembly includes a first side panel 14 and a second side panel 15. Preferably, the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 15 are integrally formed into a polygonal plate body, and at least the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 15 are respectively provided with a bottom edge connected to the bottom plate 1. Preferably, the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 15 are respectively perpendicular to the bottom plate 1. Both sides of the back panel 13 are respectively connected to the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 15. Preferably, the back panel 13 is integrally formed into a rectangular plate body. Preferably, the back panel 13 is respectively perpendicular to the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 15.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, Figure 1As shown, in a pair of side uprights of the box-type assembly, the first side upright 14 includes a first upper side panel 3 and a first lower side panel 2; the second side upright 15 includes a second upper side panel 6 and a second lower side panel 7. The structures of the first side upright 14 and the second side upright 15 are basically the same, and the first side upright 14 is taken as an example for detailed description. In the first side upright 14, the first upper side panel 3 and the first lower side panel 2 are connected up and down and are in the same plane. The first upper side panel 3 is preferably constructed as a polygonal structure, such as the trapezoidal structure described in this embodiment, ensuring that at least one bottom edge is connected to the top edge of the first lower side panel 2. The first lower side panel 2 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 1, and the bottom edge of the first lower side panel 2 is connected to the bottom plate 1. The first lower side panel 2 is preferably constructed as a rectangular structure, which is convenient for connection with the first upper side panel 3 and the bottom plate 1.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the front panel 12 of the box-type assembly is preferably connected to the front end of the box-type structure at an angle, so as to provide multi-angle welding positions for the assembly structure and increase the diversity of welding. Based on this structure, it is preferred that the first upper side panel 3 and the second upper side panel 6 are respectively set at their respective front end sides as bevels inclined relative to the bottom plate 1, and the front panel 12 is connected between the bevels of the first upper side panel 3 and the bevels of the second upper side panel 6. It is preferred that the front panel 12 is perpendicular to the first upper side panel 3 and the second upper side panel 6, respectively. On the basis of the above-mentioned settings, it is preferred that a gap is left between the bottom edge of the front panel 12 and the bottom plate 1, so as to facilitate observation of the interior of the box-type assembly and observation of the back of the weld.

[0045] The above-mentioned box-type assembly can simulate working conditions such as short welds and confined spaces, and design different welding positions, so that the practical ability of welders is improved. And through end sampling, the inspection rules according to the ISO 9606-2 standard are more stringent, which improves the welder's operating level. Moreover, the combined structure described in the embodiment of the present invention realizes that a test piece meets the assessment requirements of welding skill qualifications at all positions within the allowable range of corresponding thickness by designing a combined structure. In addition, by adopting the joint sampling mode, a metallographic sample can be used to determine the quality problems of multiple welds, reducing the number of samples and testing time, and saving costs.

[0046] In some embodiments, the plurality of samples include at least one of a bottom sample, a middle sample, a front sample, and a top sample. The selection of specific samples can be determined according to the specific welding test training requirements for operators specified in the welder skill test training.

[0047] In some specific embodiments, the plurality of samples include a bottom sample. The bottom sample is selected at the intersection of the welds of the vertical plate bottom weld, the back plate bottom weld, and the back plate side weld. The vertical plate bottom weld is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of the vertical plate on any side and the bottom plate 1. The back plate bottom weld is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of the back panel 13 and the bottom plate 1. The back plate side weld is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the back panel 13 and the side vertical plate on the corresponding side.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned bottom weld of the vertical plate includes at least one of the second weld H2 and the fourth weld H4. The second weld H2 is formed at the connection between the bottom edge of the first side vertical plate 14 and the bottom plate 1. The above-mentioned bottom weld of the back plate includes the sixth weld H6, and the sixth weld H6 is formed at the connection between the bottom edge of the back panel 13 and the bottom plate 1. The above-mentioned side welds of the back plate include the seventh weld H7 and the eighth weld H8. The seventh weld H7 is formed at the connection between the first side edge of the back panel 13 and the first side vertical plate 14, and the eighth weld H8 is formed at the connection between the second side edge of the back panel 13 and the second side vertical plate 15, and the first side edge and the second side edge of the back panel 13 are respectively two parallel side edges on the back panel 13.

[0049] Therefore, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned bottom sample can be selected at the intersection of the second weld H2, the sixth weld H6 and the seventh weld H7, such as the first sample M1, and the welding quality of the starting end of the second weld H2, the ending end of the sixth weld H6 and the starting end of the seventh weld H7 can be assessed simultaneously or separately. The above-mentioned bottom sample can also be selected at the intersection of the fourth weld H4, the sixth weld H6 and the eighth weld H8, such as the fourth sample M4, and the weld quality of the starting end of the fourth weld H4, the starting end of the sixth weld H6 and the ending end of the eighth weld H8 can be assessed simultaneously or separately.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned several samples include a middle sample. The middle sample is selected at the welding intersection of the middle weld of the vertical plate and the two side welds of the back plate. The side vertical plate of this embodiment includes an upper side plate and a lower side plate. The upper side plate and the lower side plate are located in the same plane. The bottom edge of the upper side plate and the top edge of the lower side plate are welded to form the above-mentioned middle weld of the vertical plate. The bottom edge of the lower side plate and the bottom plate 1 are welded to form the above-mentioned bottom weld of the vertical plate. The back panel 13 forms the above-mentioned back panel side welds with the upper side plate and the lower side plate respectively.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the above-mentioned middle weld of the vertical plate includes at least one of the first weld H1 and the third weld H3. The first weld H1 is formed at the butt joint position between the bottom edge of the first upper side plate 3 and the top edge of the first lower side plate 2. The third weld H3 is formed at the butt joint position between the bottom edge of the second upper side plate 6 and the top edge of the second lower side plate 7. The above-mentioned bottom weld of the vertical plate includes the above-mentioned second weld H2 and the fourth weld H4, that is, the second weld H2 is formed at the connection between the first lower side plate 2 and the bottom plate 1, and the fourth weld H4 is formed at the connection between the second lower side plate 7 and the bottom plate 1.

[0052] Therefore, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first upper side plate 3 and the first lower side plate 2 form the seventh weld H7 with one side of the back panel 13, and the second upper side plate 6 and the second lower side plate 7 form the eighth weld H8 with the other side of the back panel 13. Then the above-mentioned middle sample can be selected at the weld intersection of the middle section of the first weld H1 and the seventh weld H7 (not shown in the figure), and the welding quality of the end of the first weld H1 and the middle section of the seventh weld H7 can be assessed simultaneously or separately. The above-mentioned middle sample can also be selected at the weld intersection of the middle section of the third weld H3 and the eighth weld H8, such as the third sample M3, and the weld quality of the end of the third weld H3 and the middle section of the eighth weld H8 can be assessed simultaneously or separately.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, the plurality of samples include at least one of a front sample and a top sample. Among them, the top sample includes at least one of a first top sample and a second top sample. The front sample is selected at the weld intersection of the top weld of the vertical plate, the front weld of the top plate, and the side weld of the front plate. The top weld of the vertical plate is formed at the welding place between the top edge of any side vertical plate and the top panel 16. The front weld of the top plate is formed at the welding place between the front end of the top panel 16 and the top edge of the front panel 12. The side weld of the front panel is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the front panel 12 and the side vertical plate of the corresponding side. The first top sample is selected at the welding intersection of any top plate middle weld and the top welds of two adjacent back plates. The second top sample is selected at the welding intersection of any top plate middle weld, two adjacent back plate top welds, and the middle weld of the back plate at the corresponding position.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the preferred top panel 16 of this embodiment includes at least two top panel bodies, such as the first top panel body 4 and the second top panel body 5 shown in the figure. Each top panel body is connected between the tops of a pair of side panels. That is, one side edge of the first top panel body 4 is connected to the top edge of the first side panel 14, and the first top panel body 4 is perpendicular to the first side panel 14; the other side edge of the first top panel body 4 is connected to one side edge of the second top panel body 5, and the first top panel body 4 and the second top panel body 5 are in the same plane, thereby jointly constituting the above-mentioned top panel 16. The other side edge of the second top panel body 5 is connected to the top edge of the second side panel 15.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the preferred back panel 13 of this embodiment includes at least two back panel bodies, and the top of each back panel body is connected to each top panel body one by one, such as the first back panel body 8 and the second back panel body 9 shown in the figure. Each back panel body is connected between the rear ends of a pair of side uprights. That is, the bottom edges of the first back panel body 8 and the second back panel are both connected to the bottom plate 1; the top edge of the first back panel body 8 is connected to the rear end of the first top panel body 4, and the first back panel body 8 is perpendicular to the first top panel body 4; one side edge of the first back panel body 8 is connected to the rear end of the first side upright 14, the other side edge of the first back panel body 8 is connected to a side edge of the second back panel body 9, the other side edge of the second back panel body 9 is connected to the rear end of the second side upright 15, and the first back panel body 8 and the second back panel body 9 are in the same plane, so that the first back panel body 8 and the second back panel body 9 are used together to form the above-mentioned back panel 13.

[0056] Thus, any two adjacent top plate bodies are welded to form a top plate middle weld. Thus, the back plate 13 is welded to the rear ends of each top plate body to form a plurality of back plate top welds, that is, the top of each back plate body is welded to each top plate body in a one-to-one correspondence to form a plurality of back plate top welds. Thus, any two adjacent back plate bodies are welded to form a back plate middle weld.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the above-mentioned vertical plate top weld includes the tenth weld H10. The tenth weld H10 is formed at the connection between the top edge of any side vertical plate and the top panel 16. The above-mentioned top plate front end weld includes the twelfth weld H12. The twelfth weld H12 is formed at the connection between the front end of the top panel 16 and the top edge of the front panel 12. The above-mentioned front panel side weld includes at least one of the thirteenth weld H13 and the fourteenth weld H14. The thirteenth weld H13 is formed at the connection between the hypotenuse of the first upper side and one side of the front panel 12. The fourteenth weld H14 is formed at the connection between the hypotenuse of the second upper side and the other side of the front panel 12.

[0058] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the top plate middle weld includes the ninth weld H9. The ninth weld H9 is formed at the connection between the first top plate body 4 and the second top plate body 5. The back plate top weld includes the eleventh weld H11. The eleventh weld H11 is formed at the connection between the top panel 16 and the back panel 13. The back plate middle weld includes the fifth weld H5. The fifth weld H5 is formed at the connection between the first back plate body 8 and the second back plate body 9.

[0059] Therefore, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the front end sample mentioned above can be selected at the junction of the top panel 16, the front panel 12 and the first side vertical panel 14, that is, selected at the junction of the first top panel body 4, the front panel 12 and the first upper side panel 3, such as the fifth sample M5, which can simultaneously or separately assess the weld quality of the end end of the tenth weld H10, the starting end of the twelfth weld H12 and the end end of the thirteenth weld H13. Similarly, the front end sample mentioned above can also be selected at the junction of the top panel 16, the front panel 12 and the second side vertical panel 15, that is, selected at the junction of the second top panel body 5, the front panel 12 and the second upper side panel 6 (not shown in the figure), which can simultaneously or separately assess the weld quality of the end end of the tenth weld H10, the end end of the twelfth weld H12 and the end end of the fourteenth weld H14 between the second side vertical panel 15 and the top panel 16.

[0060] Therefore, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first top sample can be selected at the junction of the first top plate body 4, the second top plate body 5 and the back plate 13, and the weld quality of the starting end and the middle section of the ninth weld H9 and the middle section of the eleventh weld H11 can be tested simultaneously or separately. The second top sample can be selected at the junction of the first top plate body 4, the second top plate body 5, the first back plate body 8 and the second back plate body 9, such as the second sample M2, and the weld quality of the ending end of the fifth weld H5, the starting end and the middle section of the ninth weld H9, and the middle section of the eleventh weld H11 can be tested simultaneously or separately.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figures 1 to 4As shown, the box-type assembly also includes a first tube body 10 and a second tube body 11. The end of the first tube body 10 is coaxially connected to the first end of the second tube body 11 and is welded to form a tube-to-tube butt weld. The second end of the second tube body 11 is inserted into and connected to any panel, and is welded to form a tube-to-sheet butt weld. The above-mentioned several samples can also be selected from at least one of the tube-to-tube butt weld and the tube-to-sheet butt weld, such as the sixth sample M6. Preferably, the second tube body 11 is connected to the front panel 12, and the axis of the second tube body 11 is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the front panel 12. The sampling position of the above-mentioned sixth sample M6 includes the joint position of the fifteenth weld H15 and the sixteenth weld H16, and the inserted tube-to-sheet joint weld and the tube-to-tube butt weld can be evaluated simultaneously or separately.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the above-mentioned tube-to-tube butt weld includes a sixteenth weld H16. The sixteenth weld H16 is formed at the connection between the first tube body 10 and the second tube body 11. The above-mentioned tube-to-sheet butt weld includes a fifteenth weld H15. The fifteenth weld H15 is formed at the connection between the second tube body 11 and the front panel 12.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a specific embodiment as described below. During the welding skill training process, the operator is required to complete at least one of the following welding processes. The combined structure can simulate the harsh working conditions of the product, and the assembled box-type assembly can create a narrow space of at least 150 mm long, 75 mm wide, and 150 mm deep to construct welds with poor welding accessibility, such as the sixth weld H6 and the fourth weld H4 welded inside the narrow space.

[0064] In this combined structure, the first lower side plate 2 and the first upper side plate 3 are combined into the first side vertical plate 14, and the first weld H1 is formed at the connection between the first lower side plate 2 and the first upper side plate 3. The first weld H1 is a butt joint butt weld, and PC is welded in the horizontal welding position. The first side vertical plate 14 and the bottom plate 1 are vertically connected to each other to form a second weld H2, and the second weld H2 is a T-joint butt HV weld, and PC is welded in the horizontal welding position. The position relationship between the first side vertical plate 14 and the bottom plate 1 is that one side is aligned, and one side is preferably less than 25mm from the edge, which is used to simulate the welding technology training and assessment of the box-type structure cover plate weld.

[0065] In this combined structure, the second lower side plate 7 and the second upper side plate 6 are combined into the second side vertical plate 15. The connection between the second lower side plate 7 and the second upper side plate 6 forms a third weld H3, which is a butt joint butt weld, and PC is welded in the horizontal welding position. The second side vertical plate 15 and the bottom plate 1 are vertically connected to each other and form a fourth weld H4, which is a T-joint double-sided fillet weld, and PB is welded in the flat welding position. The position relationship between the second side vertical plate 15 and the bottom plate 1 is that one side is aligned, and one side is preferably less than 25 mm from the edge, which is used to simulate welding technology training and assessment in a confined space.

[0066] In the combined structure, the first back plate body 8 and the second back plate body 9 are combined into a back plate 13, and the connection between the first back plate body 8 and the second back plate body 9 forms a fifth weld H5, which is a butt joint butt weld, and PF is welded in the vertical upward position; the back plate 13 is preferably 15mm to 25mm away from the edge of the bottom plate 1, and is perpendicular to the bottom plate 1, and the connection between the back plate 13 and the bottom plate 1 forms a sixth weld H6, which is a T-joint fillet weld, and PB is welded in the flat fillet position; the back plate 13 and the first side vertical plate 14 are vertically connected to each other to form a seventh weld H7, which is a T-joint butt weld, and PF is welded in the vertical upward position; the back plate 13 and the second side vertical plate 15 are vertically connected to each other and form an eighth weld H8, which is a T-joint fillet weld, and PG is welded in the vertical downward position. The above settings are used to simulate the welding technology training and assessment of corner intersection welds.

[0067] In the combined structure, the first top plate body 4 and the second top plate body 5 form a top panel 16, and the connection between the first top plate body 4 and the second top plate body 5 forms a ninth weld H9, which is a butt joint butt weld, and is welded in the flat position PA. The top panel 16 is vertically connected to the first side vertical plate 14 and the second side vertical plate 15, and forms a tenth weld H10, which is a fillet weld of a fillet joint, and is welded in the flat position PB. The top panel 16 is vertically connected to the back panel 13, and forms an eleventh weld H11, which is a fillet weld of a fillet joint in the overhead position PD. The above setting is used to simulate the welding technology training and assessment of the end intersection weld.

[0068] In this combined structure, the front panel 12 and the top panel 16 are connected at an angle of 135° to form the twelfth weld H12, which is a butt joint butt weld, and is welded in the flat position PA. The front panel 12 and the first side vertical plate 14 are connected perpendicularly to each other and form the thirteenth weld H13, which is a fillet weld of a fillet joint, and is welded in a 45° upward direction. The front panel 12 and the second side vertical plate 15 are connected perpendicularly to each other and form the fourteenth weld H14, which is a fillet weld of a fillet joint, and is welded in a 45° upward direction. The second tube body 11 is inserted into the front panel 12 and forms the fifteenth weld H15, which is an inserted tube sheet fillet weld, and is welded in a 45° upward direction H-L045. The first tube body 10 and the second tube body 11 are butted together to form the sixteenth weld H16, and the sixteenth weld H16 is a tube-to-tube butt weld H-L045 with an angle of 45° in the vertical upward direction. The above arrangement can construct the fifteenth weld H15 of the small-sized tube sheet fillet weld, and the sampling position of the sixth sample M6 of the above sample includes the joint of the fifteenth weld H15 and the sixteenth weld H16, and the inserted tube sheet joint weld and the tube-to-tube butt weld can be evaluated simultaneously or separately.

[0069] It should be noted that the bottom plate 1 described in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably provided with a fixing hole 18. The fixing hole 18 is used to fix the position of the combined structure during welding. The fixing hole 18 is preferably set at the center of the bottom plate 1, and can also be set at other positions. The diameter of the fixing hole 18 is preferably 10 mm. The fixing hole 18 is preferably a circular hole, and can also be replaced by an elliptical hole, a square hole, or a hole of other apertures, which can functionally realize the fixation of the combined component and the assessment station.

[0070] Therefore, the above-mentioned combined structure and the welding skill assessment and evaluation method using the above-mentioned combined structure can achieve 100% appearance inspection of all welds, and take macroscopic metallographic samples according to the joint position for inspection. The weld quality grade must meet the EN 10042 standard B-level weld requirements.

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, the above combination structure is applied to the following method, and the recognition range for sample quality evaluation is shown in Table 1 below.

[0072] Table 1. Acceptance scope of sample quality evaluation

[0073] It should be noted that, in the vertical weld seam welding positions of the embodiment of the present invention, the upward welding position PF and the vertical downward welding position PG can be interchanged.

[0074] It should be noted that the H-L045 test position of welding the tube at an angle of 45° upward in the embodiment of the present invention can be replaced by J-L045 of welding the tube at an angle of 45° downward as needed. J-L045 is a welding position definition given in the standard ISO 6947. The basic meaning of J-L045 is: J means welding from a high point downward, and L045 means that the angle between the axis of the circular tube and the coordinate is 45°.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the welding skill assessment method of the present invention is implemented by using the welding skill assessment combined structure. The welding skill assessment method includes the following steps.

[0076] Demand analysis steps: Based on the characteristics of the base material and the welding position requirements, pre-determine the sample selection location for the welding skill test and training combination structure.

[0077] Welding steps: weld the box-type assembly of the welding skills test structure.

[0078] Inspection and evaluation steps: Carry out visual inspection and metallographic examination on each weld of the welded box-type assembly and draw evaluation conclusions.

[0079] This method can pre-plan the test sample selection position and welding position according to the actual welding test requirements, and can inspect and evaluate the welded box-type assembly. The quality of multiple welds can be tested by one sample, thereby reducing the number of test samples and corrosion time, saving test costs and improving test efficiency.

[0080] In the demand analysis step described in the specific implementation of the present invention, welding materials are grouped according to ISO 15608, and aluminum and aluminum alloys belonging to the same group have the same welding performance. For welding of any material in Groups 21 and 22, the welding tool is simultaneously recognized to be qualified to weld materials in Groups 21 and 22; for welding of any material in Group 23, the welding tool is simultaneously recognized to be qualified to weld materials in Groups 21, 22, and 23. For welding of any material in Groups 24 and 25, the welding tool is simultaneously recognized to be qualified to weld materials in Groups 24 and 25; for welding of any material in Group 26, the welding tool is simultaneously recognized to be qualified to weld materials in Groups 24, 25, and 26. For the recognition of welding positions, see Table 1 above. Among them, the grouping numbers of Groups 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 are the classification management codes for aluminum and aluminum alloy materials given in standard ISO 15608.

[0081] In the welding step described in the specific implementation of the present invention, the above-mentioned combined structure is assembled and welded. When welding the combined structure, each panel of the box-type combined body should be adjusted to a suitable position. In order to simulate the actual working conditions, the spatial position will not be changed during the welding process.

[0082] In the specific implementation of the present invention, the inspection and evaluation steps further include appearance inspection and metallographic inspection. The appearance inspection is specifically a full-size appearance inspection, which specifically involves the quality inspection of the entire length of the weld. The weld size should meet the drawing markings, without cracks, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, weld bumps, etc., no pores, inclusions, etc. visible to the naked eye, and the undercut depth is less than 0.1t, and the maximum is not allowed to exceed 0.5mm. Wherein, t represents the thickness of the welding parent material. The metallographic inspection is specifically a macroscopic metallographic inspection of the three sides of the joint, which specifically involves that the above-mentioned sample should try to include the starting end or the end end of the weld, and each side of the sample must be inspected. Cracks, lack of fusion, lack of melting and other defects shall not appear in the macroscopic photograph, and the weld size and convexity, depression, pores, inclusions, etc. shall meet the EN10042-B quality requirements.

[0083] It can be seen that in the combined structure and method described in the embodiment of the present invention, the welds include the PA position of the flat butt joint butt weld, the PB position of the cross joint fillet weld, the PB position of the T-joint butt weld, the PC position of the butt joint butt weld, the PC position of the fillet weld, the PD position of the fillet weld, the PF position of the butt joint butt weld, the PF position of the fillet weld, the PG position of the T-joint butt weld, the 45°H-L045 position of the inserted tube sheet structure, and the 45°H-L045 position of the tube butt joint. The method and the combined structure abandon the practice of ignoring the 25mm welds at both ends of the assessment piece in the conventional welding skill assessment, design the end test rules, solve the welder's ability shortcomings caused by missed inspections, and greatly improve the welder's ability to handle the quality problems of short welds, welding of tube sheets, welding of special welding positions, and welding of special spaces. At the same time, the sample sampling position described in the embodiment of the present invention takes into account the ends of the welding with poor quality or the intersection of multiple seams as much as possible, and one sample can be used to detect the quality of multiple welds, thereby reducing the number of test samples and corrosion time, saving detection costs and improving detection efficiency.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding skill test and training combined structure, characterized in that: include: Base plate; A box-shaped assembly can be welded to the bottom plate, the box-shaped assembly includes a plurality of panels, each of which can be connected by welding and enclosed to form a box-shaped structure; Several samples are selected from the intersections of several welds on the box-type assembly; wherein the edges of at least three of the several panels are connected by welding to form a weld, and the intersection position of each weld is set as the weld intersection.

2. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The box-type assembly comprises: A pair of side upright plates are erected parallel to the bottom plate, and the pair of side upright plates are spaced apart from each other; A back panel, erected on the bottom plate, with two sides of the back panel respectively connected to rear ends of a pair of side panels; A top panel, both sides of which are respectively connected to the top ends of a pair of side panels, a rear end of the top panel is connected to the top end of the back panel, and the top panel is arranged parallel to the bottom panel; The front panel has a top end connected to the front end of the top panel, and two sides of the front panel are respectively connected to the front ends of a pair of side panels.

3. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Several specimens include a bottom specimen, wherein the bottom specimen is selected at the intersection of the bottom weld of the vertical panel, the bottom weld of the back panel and the side weld of the back panel; the bottom weld of the vertical panel is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of any one of the side vertical panels and the bottom panel, the bottom weld of the back panel is formed at the welding place between the bottom edge of the back panel and the bottom panel, and the side weld of the back panel is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the back panel and the side vertical panel on the corresponding side.

4. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The side vertical plate comprises an upper side plate and a lower side plate, the upper side plate and the lower side plate are located in the same plane, the bottom edge of the upper side plate and the top edge of the lower side plate are welded to form a middle weld of the vertical plate, and the bottom edge of the lower side plate and the bottom plate are welded to form a bottom weld of the vertical plate; the back panel is respectively welded to the upper side plate and the lower side plate to form a side weld of the back panel; The plurality of specimens include a middle specimen, and the middle specimen is selected at the welding intersection of the middle weld of the vertical plate and the two side welds of the back plate.

5. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Several specimens include front end specimens, which are selected at the intersection of the top weld of the vertical panel, the front end weld of the top panel and the side weld of the front panel; the top weld of the vertical panel is formed at the welding place between the top edge of any side vertical panel and the top panel, the front end weld of the top panel is formed at the welding place between the front end of the top panel and the top edge of the front panel, and the side weld of the front panel is formed at the welding place between the side edge of the front panel and the side vertical panel on the corresponding side.

6. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The top panel includes at least two top panel bodies, each of which is connected between the tops of a pair of side panels, and any two adjacent top panel bodies are welded to form a top panel middle weld, and the back panel is respectively welded to the rear ends of each of the top panel bodies to form a plurality of back panel top welds; The plurality of samples include a first top sample, and the first top sample is selected at the welding intersection of any middle weld of the top plate and two adjacent top welds of the back plate.

7. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The back panel comprises at least two back panel bodies, the top of each back panel body is connected to each top panel body one by one and a plurality of back panel top welds are formed by welding; the bottom edge of each back panel body is connected to the bottom panel, each back panel body is connected between a pair of side panels, and any two adjacent back panel bodies are welded to form a back panel middle weld; The plurality of specimens include a second top specimen, and the second top specimen is selected from any one of the middle welds of the top plate, two adjacent top welds of the back plate, and the welding intersection of the middle welds of the back plate at corresponding positions.

8. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The box-type assembly further comprises a first tube body and a second tube body, the end of the first tube body is coaxially connected to the first end of the second tube body and is welded to form a tube-to-tube butt weld, and the second end of the second tube body is inserted into and connected to any of the panels and is welded to form a tube-to-sheet butt weld; The test specimen may also be selected from at least one of the tube-to-tube butt weld and the tube-to-sheet butt weld.

9. The welding skill test and training combined structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The front panel of the box-type assembly is obliquely connected to the front end of the box-type structure, the second tube is connected to the front panel, and the axis of the second tube is perpendicular to the surface of the front panel.

10. A welding skill assessment method, characterized in that: Executed by using the welding skill test and training combined structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; The welding skill test and evaluation method comprises the following steps: Demand analysis step: based on the characteristics of the base material and the welding position requirements, predetermine the sample selection position of the welding skill test and training combination structure; Welding step: welding the box-type assembly of the welding skill test and training assembly structure; Inspection and evaluation steps: Perform visual inspection and metallographic examination on each weld of the box-type assembly, and draw an evaluation conclusion.

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