Triode-based simple super capacitor charging circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple super-capacitor charging circuit based on a triode, and relates to the technical field of super-capacitors, the simple super-capacitor charging circuit comprises a power supply chip, a diode, a resistor, the triode, a capacitor and other elements, and the charging current of the super-capacitor is controlled by adjusting some electronic components in the circuit. The working characteristics of the amplification region of the triode are utilized, the voltage at the two ends of the R1 is controlled, a proper resistance value of the R1 is selected, constant-current charging of the super capacitor can be controlled, the cycle service life of the energy storage element is prolonged in a mode of adjusting the charging speed based on the state of the energy storage element, and the use cost is reduced; the loss of energy on the internal resistor of the element and the loss on other circuit elements are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the energy lost by charging is reduced, the charging efficiency is improved, and the safety is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of super capacitors, and in particular to a simple super capacitor charging circuit based on a triode. Background Art

[0002] A supercapacitor is an ultra-large capacity energy storage device, which has a capacity thousands of times larger than that of a conventional capacitor and can store more energy in the same volume. Supercapacitors have high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging and discharging capabilities, and are particularly suitable for applications that require high current and short-time charging and discharging. Supercapacitors play an outstanding role in applications that require fast response and high-energy pulses. With technological advances and growing market demand, the size of the supercapacitor market is growing rapidly. However, the rated voltage of supercapacitors is usually low, generally 2.1V-2.7V. If the charging voltage exceeds the rated voltage, the supercapacitor will be damaged. Conventional charging circuits are usually implemented using dedicated chips, but this cost is too high and the circuit includes many electronic components. Therefore, it is particularly important to invent a simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on transistors.

[0003] Prior art, such as the invention application patent with announcement number: CN113708451A, discloses a supercapacitor charging circuit, which includes a power supply, a digital drive circuit, a digital signal sending device, and a switch tube. Among them, the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the first end of the switch tube and the first end of the digital drive circuit; the control end of the switch tube is connected to the second end of the digital drive circuit; the second end of the switch tube is connected to the positive pole of the supercapacitor; the third end of the digital drive circuit is connected to the digital signal sending device for accessing the digital signal; the negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the supercapacitor are grounded. With this technical solution, a digital signal is connected from the digital signal sending device through the digital drive circuit, and the digital signal is driven to control the state of the switch tube, thereby realizing the control of the on and off of the charging circuit through the digital signal.

[0004] The existing technology also has the following defects, which are specifically reflected in: 1. In the existing technology, the adjustable charging speed is not paid much attention, and different charging currents are required at different charging stages to match the acceptable current capacity of the supercapacitor. If the charging speed cannot be adjusted, a large current may still be maintained in the later stage of charging, resulting in aggravated polarization inside the supercapacitor, increased heat generation, accelerated aging, and reduced cycle life.

[0005] 2. In the prior art, there is not much attention paid to constant power charging. In the later stage of charging, if constant power charging is not adopted, the charging current may not be effectively adjusted according to the charge state of the supercapacitor, resulting in reduced charging efficiency and prolonged charging time. The charger itself generates additional energy loss during non-constant power charging because it cannot accurately control the output, which reduces the energy utilization efficiency of the entire charging process, increases the probability of failure, and reduces the safety of charging. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode, which solves the problems existing in the background technology.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a transistor, comprising: a power chip, a diode, a resistor, a transistor, and a capacitor.

[0008] Preferably, the power chip specifically includes: pin 1, pin 2, pin 3, and pin 4.

[0009] The pin 1 is an adjustment pin of the power chip, and is used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip.

[0010] The pin 2 and the pin 4 are output voltage pins of the power chip and are used for outputting voltage.

[0011] The pin 3 is the input voltage pin of the power chip and is used for inputting voltage.

[0012] Preferably, the diodes specifically include: a diode D1, a diode D2, and a diode D3.

[0013] The diode D1 is connected between the output pin of the power chip and the resistor R1, and plays a unidirectional conductive role to prevent the current from flowing back to the power chip.

[0014] The diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series between the base of the transistor Q1 and the diode D1.

[0015] Preferably, the resistors specifically include: a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a resistor R4.

[0016] The resistor R1 is connected between the diode D1 and the emitter of the transistor Q1 and is used to limit the current flowing into the transistor to prevent the capacitor from being damaged by excessive charging current.

[0017] The resistor R2 is connected between the cathode of the diode D3 and the ground, and is used to limit the current during the charging process of the capacitor C1 to prevent excessive current from damaging the transistor.

[0018] The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected between the adjustment pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip.

[0019] Preferably, the transistor has three pins, namely, a base B pin, an emitter E pin, and a collector C pin. Its emitter is connected to a diode D1 through a resistor R1, the base is connected to a diode D3, and the collector is connected to the positive electrode of a capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 is charged by utilizing the transistor amplification characteristics.

[0020] Preferably, the capacitors specifically include: capacitor C1, capacitor C2, and capacitor C3.

[0021] The capacitor C1 is a super capacitor, which is the charging object of the circuit. It receives the charging current through the diode D2, the diode D3 and the transistor Q1 to store electric energy.

[0022] The capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are connected between the input pin and the output pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used for filtering to reduce voltage fluctuations.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the present invention, attention is paid to the adjustable charging speed. The method of adjusting the charging speed based on the state of the energy storage element prolongs the cycle life of the energy storage element, reduces the cost of use, reduces the energy loss in the internal resistance of the element and the loss in other circuit elements, reduces energy consumption, reduces heat, and increases the cycle life of the supercapacitor.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, more attention is paid to constant power charging, which avoids the problems of low charging efficiency and prolonged charging time caused by excessive current. Since the charging current is controlled by the transistor, the heat generated by the transistor is small, the energy lost in charging is reduced, the cycle life of the supercapacitor is increased, the charging efficiency is improved, and the safety is enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the current amplification factor of the transistor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a simple super capacitor charging circuit based on a transistor, including: a power chip, a diode, a resistor, a transistor, and a capacitor.

[0030] It should be noted that the condition for the establishment of this charging circuit is that the transistor Q1 works in the amplification area. If the transistor is in the saturation area, the charging current will fail. The smaller the internal resistance RL of the supercapacitor, the more stable the circuit operation can be guaranteed. The internal resistance of the supercapacitor is usually below 1mΩ, so this circuit can charge the supercapacitor very stably. The circuit front stage U1 is responsible for voltage conversion.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the power chip specifically includes: pin 1, pin 2, pin 3, and pin 4.

[0032] Pin 1 is the adjustment pin of the power chip, which is used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip, converting the voltage VIN=15V into the voltage VOUT=12V, and then controlling the charging voltage of the supercapacitor.

[0033] The pin 2 and the pin 4 are output voltage pins of the power chip and are used for outputting voltage.

[0034] The pin 3 is the input voltage pin of the power chip and is used for inputting voltage.

[0035] In the present invention, more attention is paid to the adjustable charging speed. The method of adjusting the charging speed based on the state of the energy storage element prolongs the cycle life of the energy storage element, reduces the cost of use, reduces the energy loss in the internal resistance of the element and the loss in other circuit elements, reduces energy consumption, reduces heat, and increases the cycle life of the supercapacitor.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the diodes specifically include: a diode D1, a diode D2, and a diode D3.

[0037] The diode D1 is connected between the output pin of the power chip and the resistor R1, and plays a unidirectional conductive role to prevent the current from flowing back to the power chip.

[0038] The diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series between the base of the transistor Q1 and the diode D1.

[0039] It should be noted that the forward voltage drop of each diode D2 and D3 is about 1.1 V, so the total voltage drop of the two diodes is 2.2 V. The voltage difference between the second pin voltage of D2 and the E pin voltage of Q1 is 2.2 V-0.7 V=1.5 V.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the resistors specifically include: a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a resistor R4.

[0041] The resistor R1 is connected between the diode D1 and the emitter of the transistor Q1 and is used to limit the current flowing into the transistor to prevent the capacitor from being damaged by excessive charging current.

[0042] It should be noted that, ignoring the saturation tube voltage drop UCE of transistor Q1, the voltage drop on resistor R1 is 1.5V, and R1=4Ω is selected, then the current flowing through R1 is 1.5V / 4Ω=375mA, and the charging current can be controlled by adjusting the resistance value of R1. The selection of R1 must satisfy both that the transistor is in the amplification region and that the charging current cannot be greater than the maximum collector current of Q1.

[0043] In the present invention, more attention is paid to constant power charging, which avoids the problems of low charging efficiency and prolonged charging time caused by excessive current. Since the charging current is controlled by the transistor, the heat generated by the transistor is small, the energy lost in charging is reduced, the cycle life of the supercapacitor is increased, the charging efficiency is improved, and the safety is enhanced.

[0044] The resistor R2 is connected between the cathode of the diode D3 and the ground, and is used to limit the current during the charging process of the capacitor C1 to prevent excessive current from damaging the transistor.

[0045] The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected between the adjustment pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the transistor has three pins, namely, a base B pin, an emitter E pin, and a collector C pin. Its emitter is connected to a diode D1 through a resistor R1, the base is connected to a diode D3, and the collector is connected to the positive electrode of a capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 is charged by utilizing the transistor amplification characteristics.

[0047] It should be noted that transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, and the voltage difference between the E pin and the B pin is approximately equal to 0.7V. Figure 2 , HFE is the current gain of the transistor, which is simply the multiple of the collector current and the base current under a specified working condition. Combined with the supercapacitor charging circuit, IC≈IE=375mA, transistor hFE≈150; diode D1 voltage drop 1.1V, R1 voltage drop 1.5V, VBE is 0.7V, Resistance = (12V-1.5V-0.7V=9.8V) / 10K=0.98mA,

[0048] Transistor Q1 satisfies 150*0.98mA=147mA<375mA, and transistor Q1 is in the amplification area.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the capacitors specifically include: capacitor C1, capacitor C2, and capacitor C3.

[0050] The capacitor C1 is a super capacitor, which is the charging object of the circuit. It receives the charging current through the diode D2, the diode D3 and the transistor Q1 to store electric energy.

[0051] The capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are connected between the input pin and the output pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used for filtering to reduce voltage fluctuations.

[0052] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode, characterized in that: include: Power chips, diodes, resistors, transistors, capacitors.

2. A simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power chip specifically includes: pin 1, pin 2, pin 3, and pin 4; Pin 1 is an adjustment pin of the power chip, used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip; Pin 2 and pin 4 are output voltage pins of the power chip, used for outputting voltage; The pin 3 is the input voltage pin of the power chip and is used for inputting voltage.

3. The simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diodes specifically include: diode D1, diode D2, and diode D3; The diode D1 is connected between the output pin of the power chip and the resistor R1, and plays a unidirectional conductive role to prevent the current from flowing back to the power chip; The diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series between the base of the transistor Q1 and the diode D1.

4. The simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistors specifically include: resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, and resistor R4; The resistor R1 is connected between the diode D1 and the emitter of the transistor Q1 to limit the current flowing into the transistor to prevent the capacitor from being damaged by excessive charging current; The resistor R2 is connected between the cathode of the diode D3 and the ground, and is used to limit the current during the charging process of the capacitor C1 to prevent excessive current from damaging the transistor; The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected between the adjustment pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used to adjust the output voltage of the power chip.

5. The simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transistor has three pins, namely base B pin, emitter E pin, and collector C pin. Its emitter is connected to diode D1 through resistor R1, the base is connected to diode D3, and the collector is connected to the positive electrode of capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 is charged by utilizing the transistor amplification characteristics.

6. The simple supercapacitor charging circuit based on a triode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitors specifically include: capacitor C1, capacitor C2, and capacitor C3; The capacitor C1 is a supercapacitor, which is the charging object of the circuit, receives the charging current through the diode D2, the diode D3 and the transistor Q1, and stores electric energy; The capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are connected between the input pin and the output pin of the power chip and the ground, and are used for filtering to reduce voltage fluctuations.

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